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SESSIONAL PAPERS
VOLUME 14
THIRD SESSION OK THE KLKVENTH PARLIAMENT
OF THE
DOMINION OF CANADA
SESSION 1911
VOLUME XLV.
1-2 George V.
Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers.
A. 1911
See also Numerical List, Page 7.
ALPHABb:TICAL INDEX
TO THE
SESSIONAL PAPERS
OF THE
PARLIAMENT OF CANADA
THIRD SESSION, ELEVENTH PARLIAMENT, 1911.
A
Accidents on I.C.R 83, 83a
Acton Vale, Post Office at 88
Accidents on railways 145
Admiralty Court in Nova Scotia 107
Adulteration of Food 14
Advalorem Duty 75
Agriculture, Annual Eeiwrt 15
Agriculture and other products 173
Alaskan Boundary Commission, Report
of 139
Alberta and Saskatchewan, control of
lands, &c 106, 106a
Alberta and Saskatchewan, sale of
lands in 133
Alberta and Saskatchewan Fisheries
Commission 211
Aliens in the service of the Government 198
Annuities, Government 47
Astronomer, Chief, Report of 25a
Atlantic, Quebec and Western Rail-
way 89, 128, 128b
Athol Post Office, mail route 105
Atlantic Fisheries, Hague Award. . . . 97b
Atlantic Service, Fast 200
Auditor General, Annual Report 1
Australian Commonwealth, Reciprocal
Trade with 109
8887—1
Baby Farm, correspondence relative to.. 126
Banks Chartered 6
Bankers' Association, Rules, &c., of.. 153
Banks, Unpaid Balances in 7
Barnhill, Major J. L 185
Barracks Site at Toronto 126
Battlefields Commission : —
Memorandum respectinj? Finances.. . .'.S
Report from 58rt
Report made to Gover i nent abb
Appointment of Members of 58c
Medals struck by ^Sd
Beauharnois Canal, Lighting of 98a
Beauharnois Canal, Sums paid by Con-
cessionaries 98b, 98e
Bear River, N.S., Rifle Range at 183
Bituminous Coal, imported 205
Boot Last Blocks 66
Bonds ond Securities 49
British Canadian I/O m :\n'l lii?estmcnr
Company ICi
Bryce, Dr. P. H., Report of 25c
Burk'ei Falls, Wharf >t Ill
Butter and Eggs, Imported, and Iiicos
of . 17J, 179. , r.tb
By-Elections 18
1-2 George V.
Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers.
A. 1911
aud
Street Ry. Fares
West Indijs, Trade Ui
Cab Hire
- Ottawa.. .
Canada aud
lions
Canadian Atlantic Fishermen
Canadian Bankers' Association, liules,
&c
Canadian Liifitht. Seat & Power Co
Canadian Pacific Railway : —
Orders in Council, &c., &c
Lands sold by
Bridge at Lachine
Canadian Trade
Canadians Accepted in Navy
Canal Statistics
Carrier & Laine, Levis, Expropriation
of Property of .. .. p.p. 87. 87a, 876, 87C:
Census, Methods of taking .... 189, 189b,
Census Schedules
Charing Cross Bank
Chartered Banks
Chrysler, F. H., K.C., monies paid to..
Chinese Frauds on Pacific Coast
Civil Service : —
Appointments and Promotions, Com-
missioners' Annual Report
List
Insurance Act
Employees at Ottawa
Clayoquot Life Saving Station
Comparative Prices, Canada and United
States
Coal Imported
Conciliation Board
Conference at Washington, re Fisheries 97;
"Coquette", Trawler
Conservation Commission, &c
Contract for Bridges
Creighton, W. O., Farmers' Delegate . ..
Criminal Statistics
Cumberland Coal and Railway Co
Curator's Reports on Banks '. 152,
Curran, R. E., Railway Mail Clerk.. ..
Customs Department, Annual Report..
Customs Entries at Vancouver
Custom House Employees, Montreal.. ..
Customs Tariff Act 70, 75.
Dairy and Cold Storage Commissioner..
' Daily Telegraph,' Quebec, monies paid
175
38
84,
153
98a
55
55u
80
10c
56a
20a
, 87d
189c
189a
189
6
118
207
31
30
43
135
68
36b
205
202
98a
85
52
77
76s
7
72
152a
160
11
102
69
102a
15a
147
Davis. M. P., Contractor 137a
Debates, Publication and Distribution
of 115, 115a
De Courcey, Mr., amounts paid to.. ..74;, 74e
Deep Brook, N.S., Wharf at 193
to.
Departments, obliged to Report to Par-
liament
Destructive Insects
Dickie Martin, Appointment of
Dividends unpaid in Banks
Divorces granted by Parliament, «&;c...ll6.
Dominion Lands, Survey 60,60a:
Dominion Police
Dominion Lands 96, 96a;
Dominion Navies, Status of
Drill Halls, or Armouries, contributions
to
Drolet, Jean, amounts paid to
Dussault & Lemieux, amounts paid to..
Dutch Loan Company
127
51
185
7
168
60b
81
96b
208a
129
7ih
93d
95
Eclipse Manufacturing Co., monies paid
to « 180
Elections, House of Commons 18
Electric installation at Quebec 117
Electric Light, inspection of 13
BIbow River, Water Power on 123, 123a
Employees, Sessional, House of Com-
mons 103o
Employees of Government at Montreal 69a
Employees of Government in Municipal
Affairs 195, 195a
Erie, Lake, and Great Lakes System.. 54
Estimates 3 to 4, 5, 5a, 5b, 5c
'Essex Record,' monies paid to 74m
lixcise Revenue 12
Exchequer Court Rules 197
Experimental Farms 16
External Affairs, Annual Report 29b
Farmer's Bank, Papers relating to.. 110, 110a
Farmers' Delegation 113
Fast Atlantic Service 200
Fisheries, Annual Report 22
Fish landed 84
J:^isheries Act, changes in 97a
Fishery Bounty, names of persons re-
ceiving 158, 158o
Fisheries Commission, Manitoba, Report
of 174
Fisheries Commission, Alberta, Interim
Report 211
Fishing in the Bays, Rights of 62
I'isliories Officers, Names, Salaries and
Duties of 165
Fishery Regulations, Breaches of.. ..91,91a
Fishery Wardens in Victoria Co., N.S. 165a
Food, Adulteration of 14
Forest Reserve Act 61
Franco, Trodo Relations with 10a
s
1-2 George V.
Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers.
A. 1911
F
French, Genl. Sir John, Report of 35a
Fruit and Vegetable Growers, Deputa-
tion of 113a
G
Gas, Inspection of 13
Geographic Board 2]n
General Orders, Militia 41
Geological Survey, Report 2G
Germany, Trade Relations with lOn
Georgian Bay Canal 98, 98(,';
Glace Bay, Bait Association 177
Governor General's V»'arrants 42
Godleib, Said, Detention of, at Grosse
Isle 167
Grain Statistics lOd
Grand Trunk Railway Co., Strike on.. 72a, 72b
Greenway. Thomas, Correspondence with 96h
Gnysborough ' Times,' Postal Privileges 187
H
Hague Tribunal Award 97b
Haney, Quinlan & Robertson 77a
Harbours and Rivers, Amounts Expended
on 184
Harlxiur Commissioners 23
'Herald,' Montreal, amounts paid to.. 74a
Hickman, W. A., Immigration Agent.. 76/i
Holmes, Rt. Rev. Geo., D.D 130a
House of Commons: —
Internal Economy 46
By-Elections 18
Sessional Employees 103
Hydrographic Survey 25a
I
Ice Formation on the St. Lawrence.. .. 21b
Immigration, Interior Report, Part II.. 25c
Immigration: —
Japanese Immigrants 76
Special Agents Tfia
Number of Arrivals 76b
Claims of Restaurant Keepers 76c
Complaints against J. Dery 76d
Complaints against Restaurant Keep-
ers 76e
Letter by Mr. L. Stein 76/
Payments to W. O. Creighton Ttg
Payments to W. A. Hickman 7(j/i
Imperial Conference, Minutes of 208
Imperial Conference, Admiralty Con-
ferences 208a, 208b, 2aSc
Imperial Conference, Military Confer-
ence 208(i
Imperial Conference Secretariat, &c.. .. 176
Importations from the United States.. 131, 131a
Imports and Exports, 18(6 to 1876 W)c
8S8T— 1^
I
Indian Reserves, Petroleuip on 53
Indian Affairs, Annual Report 27
Indian Reserve, St. Peters 71, 71a
Inland Revenue, Annual Report.. ..•.. 12
Insect Pests 57
Insurance Act, Civil Service 43
Insurance, Annual Report 8
Insurance, Abstract 9
Intercolonial Railway, Accidents to
Trains 83,83a
Intercolonial Railway, Renewal Equip-
ment 83b
Intercolonial Railway, Maintenance Ac-
count 83b
Intercolonial Railway, Sleepers for.. .. 83c-
Intercolonial Railway, East and West-
bound Traffic 203
Internal Economy 4^
International V/aterways 54,54a
International Naval Conference b&rn
'International,' Dredge, Work done by.. 93.i
Interior, .Annual Report 25
Inquiry Public Printing and Stationery. 39
Irrigation Grant, the Percy Aylwin.. .. 192
Irwin, Fanny Louise, Timber on Home-
stead of.. '. 132
J
Japanese Immigrants 76
Japan, Treaty with 95d, 9
Jette, His Honour, Judge, Administrator
of Quebec Ill
Journals, Distribution of 115b
Judges Residences in the Prov. of Que-
bec 170
Judges, Appointment of 199
Justice, Annual Report 34
K
Kelliher and Gordon, Agreement re N.
T. R 77/1
Kiugvston Firms, Supplies, Ac, purchased
from 156
Krenzer, J., Correspondence with 96b
L
Lfi]x>ur, Annual Report 36
Labour, Department of. Correspondence
re Quebec Bridge 137c
Labour Gazette, Mailing List of 92
Lake, Genl. Sir P. H. N., Report of.. .. 35b
Lauds, Dominion 96, 96a, 96b
Laliberte, J. B., amounts paid to.. ., 146
La Patrie, amounts paid to 74d
La Presse, amounts paid to 74e
Law Firms, amounts paid to 99
La Vigie, amounts paid to 74c
3
1-2 George V.
Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers.
A. 1911
Le Canada, amounts paid to 74/, 74fc
Letourneau, Louis, amounts paid to.. .. 148
Le Soleil, amounts paid to 746
Letter Carriers in New Westminster.. .. 166
Lighthouse Keepers on River St. Law-
rence 94, 94a
Library of Parliament, Annual Report.. 33
List of Shipping 21c
Lobster Fishery Regulations 48
Long Sault, Works at 157, 157a
Louisburg, Bait Freezers at 177«
M
Mahone Bay, Dismissal of Sub-collector
at 161
"' Manchester Engineer,' Stranding of. .. 182
Malboeuf, Jos. William, Half-breed
Scrip, issued to 130
Manitoba Boundary , t7
Manitoba Fisheries Commission 174
Manitoba and South-eastera Railway Co. 196
Marine, Annual Report '21
Martineau Company, monlos pail U<.. . 7i;i
Measures, Inspection of 13
Montreal Herald, amounts paid to.. .. 74a
Militia Council, Annual Report 35
Militia, General Orders 41
Militia Council, Interim Report 35c
Ministers of the Crown, Travelling Ex-
penses of 172
Mines, Report of Department 26«
Mint, Operations of the 73
Miramichi Bay, Dredging in 93a
Miscellaneous, Unforseen Expenses.. .. 44
Meat Packers of Ontario and Quebec,
Memorandum by 113?)
Montreal Herald, amounts paid to.. .. 74a
' Montcalm,' Trips Made by Steamer.. .. 169
Montreal, Government Employees at.. .. 69a
Mounted Police 28
Mc
McDougall, Rev. John 7ltt
N
National Battlefields Commission
National Transcontinental Railway:—
Sixth Report of Commissioners 37
Concrete used in Construction 77/
Contracts for Bridges 77
Contracts at Winnipeg and St. Boni-
face 77„,
Cost of Structures 77c
Eastern Division, Expenditure on.. .. 77o
Engineering Staff on 770
Estimated Cost; Actual Cost 77i
Honey, Quinlan & Robertson, Con-
tract of 77a
N
77fc
77h
Interim Report of Commissioners.. ..
Kelliher and Gordon, Agreement be-
tween
Length in Miles of each Division, from
Moncton to Winnipeg 771
Over-classification or over-allowance. . 77n
Payments to Contractors 77e
Quantities of each kind of Excavation 77b
Spur Line to Quebec 77p
Total Expenditure on 77i
Train-hauled Filling 77d
58, 58a, 58b. 58c
Napanee River, Dredging of 93
Natural Gas, on Six Nation Reserve.. 71c
N^aval Service of Canada: —
Applications for Service in 56c
Allowances to Petty Officers, &o 56/
Canadians Accepted in Navy 56«
Deputy Minister and other Officers in 56d
Expenditure in Connection with 56b
Increase of Wages Authorized 56g
International Naval Conference in Lon-
don 56i
International Naval Conference, Cor-
respondence 56m
Names of Employees in 56e
Name, Tonnage, &c., of each Ship.. .. 56;
Orders in Council, Travelling Allow-
ances, &c 567c
Petitions for Postponement of Adoption
of 56i
Regulations re Entry of Surgeons.. .. 56o
Rules and Regulations for 56/i
Regulations in, re Rates of Pay 56
Regulations in, re Issue of Clothing.. 56a
Velson River Survey 196
N^ewmarket Canal, Correspondence, &c.. 204
\^ew Westminster, Penitentiary at.. .. 112
Newspapers, snms paid .0 . . . »'.t
Netherland Loan Co 95, 95a, 95b, 95c
North Atlantic Coast Fisheries 97
NTorthwest Territories Act, Chap. 62.. .. 79
Vorth Bay, Receipts from Wharf at.. Ill
Vorthwest Territories, Commissioner for 181
N"orth Atlantic Collieries 155
Office Specialty Manufacturing Co.,
monies paid to 180
Opening and Closing of Parliament.. ,. 104
Ipium Smuggling on Pacific Coast.. .. 207
Orders in Council re D.L.S. Act 60
Ordinance to rescind Cukon Ordinance 78
)ttawa Improvement Commisison, Re-
port of 138
Ottawa River Storage, Progress Report.. 19o
Oyster Culture 67
1-2 George V.
Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers.
A. 1911
Paris Exposition, Expenses Incurred for 206
Parliament, Opening and Closing of.. .. 104
Parrsboro, Post Oflice Building at.. .. 86«
Pelagic Sealing Treaty 210
Pelletier, Sir Pautaleon, Leave of Ab-
sence of 88, 88ti
Penitentiaries, Annual Report 34
Penitentiary at New Westminster.. .. 112
Percy Alwyn, Irrigation Grant 192
Petroleum and Gas Regulations 53
Phoenix Bridge Co., Payment by 82
Picard, 0., & Sous, money paid to.. .. 7ii
Police, Dominion 81
Police, Royal Northwest Mounted.. .. 28
Postmaster General, Annual Report.. .. 31
Powassan to Nipissing, Mail Route.. .. 171
Preston, W. T. R 95, 95a, 95b, 95c
Preferential Tarrifi, Goods Imported
under 112
Prince Edward Island, Winter Steamers 159
Prince Edward Island, Tunnel 188
Printing Bureau, Employees of 190
Printing, &c., Government 74
Provincial Control of Lands, iS-c. ..106, 106u
Proclamation bringing into Force ' An
Act to Amend the Ry Act.' 108
Public Accounts, Annual Report 2
Public Lands, &c.. Disposition of.. ..141, 141a
Public Printing and Stationery 32
Public Printing and Stationery Inquiry 39
Public Works, Annual Report 19
Quebec, Extension of Boundaries of. ... 65
Quebec Oriental Railway.. 89, 128, 128a, 128b
Quebec Board of Trade, Resolutions by.. 122
Quebec, Temporary Employees at 120a
Quebec Bridge Co., Legal Existence of. 125, 125a
Quebec Bridge, Tenders, &c., for.. ..137, 137a
Quebec Bridge, Engineers Appointed.. 137b
Quebec Bridge, Correspondence re Plans
for New Bridge
Quebec Bridge, Correspondence, Depart-
ment of Labour re
Retiring Allowances
River des Prairies, Dredging Work Exe-
cuted 93":
Royal Northwest Mounted Police
S
Samson & Filion, Quebec, monies paid to
Saskatchewan University, Land Grant
for
Secretary of State, Annual Report.. ..
Senate, Cost of
Sessional Employees, House of Commons
Seventh Military District, Complaint
against Commandant..
Seybold Building, Cost of Alterations
and Repairs to
Shareholders in Chartered Banks
Sherwin-Williams Paint Co., amounts
paid to
Shipping, List of
Six Nation Reserve, Natural Gas on.. ..
South Grey, Appointments in 120,
Southwest i Section 10, Township 38..
Stadacona Farm, Purchase of
Steamboat Inspection
St. Peters Indian Reserve 71, 71a
St. Pie, Post Office at ^
S.S. ' Mintc' ' Stanley ' and ' Earl Grey,'
Coal Purchased for 136,
Superannuation, &<:
Surveyor General, Report, &c
Supplies bought from Firms in Kings-
ton
Subsidized Steamship Services
Subsidy Act, 1910
45
9.3c
28
124
143
29
100
103a
178
154
6
124
21c
71c
120a
96
191
23a
, 71b
86
136b
45
25
156
lOe
207
137d
137c
R
Railways Owned or Operated in United
States by Canadian Railways 186
Railways and Canals, Annual Report.. 20
Railway Commissioners, Report of.. .. 20c
Railway Statistics 20b
Reciprocity with the United States..
from 59 to 59s
Reciprocal Trade with the Australian
Commonwealth 109
Reconnaisance Survey of the Nelson
River 19b
Tanguay, George, Lease of Government
Property
Tanguay, George, Quebec, monies paid to
Tariff Relations with the United States
109a,
Taschereau, C. E., Quebec, monies paid
to
Topographical Surveys Branch
Trade and Commerce, Canadian Trade..
Trade and Commerce
Trade and Navigation
Trade Relations, Canada and West
Indies
Trade with Foreign Countries
Trade with United Kingdom and Foreign
Countries
Trade Unions
Transcontinental Railway Commission-
ers 37
140
150
109b
150
25b
10c
10
38
10/
10b
50
77fc
1-2 George V.
Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers.
A. 1911
T
Transcontinental Railway, Contract for
Bridges 77, 77a
Travelling Expenses of Ministers, &c. .
175a, llbb
Treaty of Commerce, &c., with Jai>an.95d, 95e
Treaty re Pelagic Sealing 110
Trent Valley Canal, Lease of Water
Power on QSd
Trout Lake, Mail Route 171
U
Unclaimed Balances in Banks 7
Unforseen Expenses 44
United Kingdom, Trade Relations with 10a
United States, Trade Relations with.. .. 10a
United States Consuls in Dominion.. .. 101
University of Saskatchewan, Land Grant
for 143
V
Vancouver, Customs Entries at, 102
Vancouver Dry Dock Company 162
Vannutelli, Cardinal, Guard and Escort
for 121
Veterinary Director General, Report of.. lob
Vice-Regal Drawing Room, Correspond-
ence re 63
Voters' Lists, Printing of 209
W
Walsh, E. J., C.E., Correspondence with 204
Wanda,' Appraising of the 163
Warrants, Governor General's 42
Weights, Measures, &c .. 13
Weigher, Appointment of at Montreal 134
Wentworth, Constituency, Appointments
in 120c
Welland Canal, Enlargement 98, 98c
Western Coal Operators' Association.. 202
Wheat Exported from Canada 119
Winnipeg River, Water Power Rights on 144
Winnipeg, Parliament Site in 194, 194a
Wireless Telegraph Stations 90
'Wren,' the Trawler 85
Y
Yukon, Ordinances of Council. 1909.. .. 40
Vukon. Ordinances Rescinded 78
Yukon, Ordinances of Council, 1910. . . . 40a
1-2 George V. Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1911
See also Alphabetical Liist, Page 1.
LIST OF SESSIONAL PAPERS .
Arranged in Numerical Order, with their titles at full length; the dates when Ordered
and when Presented to the Houses of Parliament; the Names of the Senator or
Member who moved for each Sessional Paper, ayid whether it is ordered to he
Printed or Not Printed.
CONTENTS OF VOLUME 1.
(This volume is bo\ind in two parts.)
1. Report of the Auditor General for the year ended 31st March, 1910. Volume I, Parts A
to P, and Volume II, Parts Q to Y. Presented 21st November, 1910, by Hon. William
Paterson Printed for both distribution and sessional papers.
CONTENTS OF VOLUME 2.
2. Public Accounts of Canada, for the fiscal year ended 31.st March, 1910. I'resented 21st
November, 1910, by Hon. William Paterson.
Printed for both distribution arid sessional papers.
3. Estimates for the fiscal year ending 31st March, 1912. Presented 2nd December, 1910, by
Rt. Hon. Sir Wilfrid Laurier Printed for both distribution and sessional papers.
4. Supplementary Estimates for the fiscal year ending 31st March, 1911. Presented 6th
February, 1911, by Hon. W. S. Fielding.
Printed for both distribution and sessional papers.
5. Further Supplementary Estimates of sums required for the service of the Dominion for
the year ending on 31st March, 1911. Presented 16th March, 1911, by Hon. W. S.
Fielding Printed for both distribution and sessional papers.
5a. Further Supplementary Estimates for the year esding 31st March, 1911. Presented 8th
May, 1911, by Hon. W. S. Fielding.
Printed for both distributi!)n and sessional papers.
5b. Further Supplementary Estimates for the fiscal year ended 31st March, 1911 Presented
3rd May, 1911, by Hon. W. S. Fielding.
Printed for both dinfribufion and sessional papers.
5c. Further Supplementary Estimates for the fiscl year ending 31st March. 1912. Pre-
sented 9th May, 1911. by Hon. W. S. Fielding.
Printed for both distribution and sessional papers.
'&d. Further Supplementary Estimates of sums required for the service of the Dominion for
the year ending on 31st March, 1912. Presented 17th May, 1911, by W. S. Fielding.
Printed for both distribution and sessional papers.
7
1-2 George V. Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1911
CONTENTS OF VOLUME 2r— Concluded.
6. List of shareholders in the Chartered Banks of the Dominion of Canada as on December
31, 1910. Presented 10th April, 1911, by Hon. W. S. Fielding.
Printed for both distribution atid sessional papers.
CONTENTS OF VOLUME 3.
7. Report on dividends remaining unpaid, unclaimed balances and unpaid drafts and bills
of exchange in Chartered Banks of the Dominion of Canada, for five years and up-
wards prior to December 31, 1910. Presented 19th July, 1911, by Hon. William Temple-
man Printed for both distribution and sessional papers.
CONTENTS OF VOLUME 4.
8. Report of the Superintendent of Insurance, for the year ended 31st December, 1910.
Printed for both distributio7i and sessional papers.
9. Abstract of Statements of Insurance Companies in Canada for the year ended 31st De-
cembei, 1910. Presented 27th April, 1911, by Hon. W. S. Fielding.
Printed for distribution.
CONTENTS OF VOLUME 5.
10. Report of the Department of Trade and Commerce, for the fiscal year ended 31st March,
1910. Part 1, Canadian Trade. Presented 22nd November, 1910, by Rt. Hon. Sir
Wilfrid Laurier Printed for both distribution and sessional papers.
10a. Report of the Department of Trade and Commerce. Part II. Canadian Trade with
France, Germany, United Kingdom and United State?. Presented 32nd November,
1910, by Rt. Hon. Sir Wilfrid. Laurier.
Printed for both distribution and sessional papers.
10b. Report of the Department of Trade and Commerce, Part III. Canadian Trade with
foreign countries, except France, Germany, the United Kingdom and United States
Presented 22nd November, 1910, by Rt. Hon. Sir Wilfrid Laurier.
Printed for both distribution and sessional papers.
CONTENTS OF VOLUME 6.
10c, Report of the Department of Trade and Commerce for the fiscal year ended 31st March,
1910. Part IV, Canadian Trade, Miscellaneous. Presented 31st March, 1911, by Hon.
W. S. Fielding Printed for both distribution and sessional papers.
lOd. Report of the Department of Trade and Commerce for the fecal year ended March
31st 1910. Part V, Grain Statistics, including the crop year ended August 31st
1910, and the season of navigation ended December 6th, 1910. Presented 12th May,
1911, by Hon. William Paterson Printed for both distribution and sessional papers.
lOe. Report of the Department of Trade and Commerce for the fiscal year ended 31st
March, 1910, Part VI., Subsidized steamship services. Presented 20th April, 1911,
by Hon. William Paterson Printed for both distribution and sessional papers.
10/ Report of Trade and Commerce for the fiscal year ended 31st March, 1910, part VII.—
Trade of foreign countries and Treaties and Conventions. Presented 31st March,
1911, by Hon. W. S. Fielding.. ..Pririted for both distribution and sessional papers.
1-2 George V. Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. l!tll
CONTENTS OF VOLUME 7.
11. Keport of the Department of Customs, for the year ended 31st March, 1910. Presented
21st November, 1910, by Hon. William PaterPon.
Printed for both distribution and sessional papers.
12. Reports, Returns and Statistics of the Inland Revenue for the Dominion of Canada,
for the year ended 31st March, 1910. Presented 21st November, by Hon. William
Templeman Printed for both distribution and sessional papers.
CONTENTS OF VOLUME 8.
13. Inspection of Weights and Measures, Gas and Electric Light, for the year ended 31st
March, 1910. Presented 21st November, 1910, by Hon. William Templeman.
Printed for both distribution and sessional papers.
14. Report on Adulteration of Food, for the year ended 31st March, 1910. Presented 21st
November, 1910, by Hon. William Templeman.
Printed for both distribution and sessional papers.
15. Report of the Minister of Agriculture for the Dominion of Canada, for the year ended
31st March, 1910. Presented 21st November, 1910, by Hon. S. A. Fisher.
Printed for both distribution a7id sessional papers.
15a. Repoit of the Dairy and Cold Storage Commissioner for the fiscal year ending the
31st March, 1910. Presented 12th January, 1911, by Hon. S. A. Fisher.
Printed for both distribution and sessional papers.
15b. Report of the Veterinary Director General and Live Stock Commissioner, .1. G.
Rutherford, V.S., for the year ending 31st March, 1909.
Printed for both distribution and sessional papers.
CONTENTS OF VOLUME 9.
16. Report of the Director and Officers of the Experimental Farms, for the year ending Slst
March, 1910. Presented 21st November, 1910, by Hon. S. A. Fisher.
Printed for both distribution and sessional papers.
17. Criminal Statistics for the year ended 30th September, 1909. Presented 21st November,
1910, by Hon. S. A. Fisher Printed for both distribution and sessional papers.
CONTENTS OF VOLUME 10.
18. (1908). Return of the eleventh general election for the House of Commons of Canada,
held on the 19th and 26th of October, 1908 Reprinted.
18. Return of By-Elections (Eleventh Parliament) House of Commons. 1910.
Printed for both distribution and sessional papers.
CONTENTS OF VOLUME 11.
19. Report of the Minister of Public Works on the works under his control for the year
ended 31st March, 1910. Presented 21st November, 1910, by Hon. William Pugsley.
Printed for both distribution and sessional papers.
19a. Progress Report Ottawa River Storage, for the fiscal year 1909-1910 (supplementing
investigations in regard to Georgian Bay Ship Canal project). Presented 6th March,
1911, by Hon. William Pugsley . .Printed for both distribution and sessional papers.
9
1-2 George V. Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1911
CONTENTS OF VOLUME 12.
19b. Report upon Reconnaisanc© Survey of the Nelson River, September-October, 1909.
Presented ICth February, l911, by Hon. William Pug'^ley.
Printed for both distribution and sessional papers.
20. Report of the Department of Railways and Canals, for the fiscal yeai ended 31st March,
1910. Presented 21st November, 1910, by Hon. G. P. Graham.
Printed for both distribution and sessional papers.
20a. (1909.) Canal Statistics for the season of navigation, 1909. Presented 21st March, 1910,
by Hon. G. P. Graham Printed for both distrbiution and sessional papers.
20a. Canal Statistics for the season of navigation, 1910. Presented 10th April, 1911, by Hon.
G. }?. Graham ..Printed for both distribution and sessional papers.
20b. Railway Statistics of the Dominion of Canada, for the year ended 30th June, 1910.
Presented 16th Dt-cember, 1910, by Hon. G. P. Graham.
Printed for both distribution and sessional papers.
CONTENTS OF VOLUME 13.
20c. Fifth Report of the Board of Railway Commissioners for Canada, for the year ending
31st March, 1910. Presented 21st November, 1910, by H(m. G. P. Graham.
Printed for both distribution and sessional papers.
21. Report of the Department of Marine and Fisheries (Marine, 1910. Presented 21st
November, 1910, by Hon. L. P. Brodeur.
Printed for both distribution ajid sessional papers.
21a. Report of the Geographic Board of Canada containing all decisions to 30th June, 1910.
Printed for both distribution and sessional papers.
CONTENTS OF VOLUME 14.
21b. Report on Ice formation in the St. Lawrence River, and Report of the influence of
Icebergs on the temperature of the Sea as shown by use of the Micro-Thermometer
in a trip to Hudson Strait and Bay in Jxily, 1910, by H. T. Barnes, D.Sc, F.R.S.C.
Presented 16th May, 1911, by Hon. S. A. Fisher.
Printed for both distribution and sessional papers.
21c. List of Shipping Lssued by the Department of Marine and Fisheries, being a list of
vessels on the registry books of Canada, on 31st December, 1910. Presented 19th
July, 1911, by Hon. L. P. Brodeur.
Printed for both distribution and sessional papers.
22. Report of the Department of Marine and Fisheries (Fisheries), 1910. Presented 21st
November, 1910, by Hon. L. P. Brodeur.
Printed for both distribution aiid sessional papers.
CONTENTS OF VOLUME 15.
23. Report of the Harbour Commissioners, &c., to 31st December, 1910.
Printed for both distribution ajid sessional papers.
23a. Report of the Chairman of the Board of Steamboat Inspection, for the fiscal year
1910. Pre.sented 2l8t November, 1910, by Hon. L. P. Brodeur.
Printed for both distribution and sessional papers.
10
1-2 George V. Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1911
CONTENTS OF VOLUME 15— Concluded.
24. Report of the Postmaster General for the yi'ar ended 31st March, 1910. Presented 22nd
November, 1910, by Rt. Hon. Sir Wilfrid Laurier.
Printed for both distribution and sessional papers.
CONTENTS OF VOLUME 16.
25. Keport of the Department of the Interior, for the fiscal year ending 31st March, 191«.
Presented 21st November, 1910, by Hon. Frank Oliver.
Printed for both distribution and sessional papers.
CONTENTS OF VOLUME 17.
25a. Report of the Chief Astronomer, Department of the Interior, for year ending 31st.
March, 1910 Printed for both distribution and sessional papers.
25b. Annual Report of the Topographical Surveys Branch, Department of the Interior,
1909-10. Presented 31st March, 1911, by Hon. Frank Oliver.
Printed for both distribution and sesstonai papers.
25c. Report of Dr. P. H. Bryce, Chief Medical Officer, Appendix to Report ot Superinten-
dent of Immigration. Presented 9th. December, 1910, by Hon., Frank Oliver.
Printed for both distribution and sessional papers.
CONTENTS OF VOLUME 18.
25d. Report of the Hydrographic Survey (Streams measurement;. Department of the
Interior Printed for both distribution and sessional papers.
26. Summary Report of the Geological Survey Branch, Department of Mines, for Calendar
year 1910. Presented 19th. July, 1911, by Hon. William TeTmpleman.
Printed for both distribution and sessional papers.
26a. (1909) Summary Report of the Mines Branch of Department of Mines, for the calendar
year, 1909. Presented 2^th. January, 1911, by Hon. William Templeman.
Printed for both distribution and sessional papers.
This is lx)und in Vol. XVI, 1910.
CONTENTS OF VOLUME 19.
27. Report of the Department of Indian Affairs, for the year ended 31st March, 1910.
Pre.--ented 21st November, 1910, by Hon. Frank Oliver.
Printed for both distribution and sessional papers.
28. Report of the Royal Northwest Mounted Police, 1910. Presented 2nd December, 1910,
by Rt. Hon. Sir Wilfrid Laurier. .Pn'jiferf for both distribution and sessional papers.
CONTENTS OF VOLUME 20.
29. Report of the Secretary of State of Canada for the year ended Sl.st March, 1910. Pre-
sented 21st November, 1910, by Hon. Charles Murphy.
Printed for both distribution and sessional papers.
29a. ^No issue).
11
1-2 George V. Alphabetical Index to Sessioual Papers. A. 1911
CONTENTS OF VOLTJME 20— Concluded.
29b. Report of the Secretary of State for External Affairs, for the ^ ear ended 31sl March,
1910. Presented 21st November, 1910, by Hon. Charles Murphy.
Printed for both distribution and sessional papers.
30. Civil Seivice List of Canada, 1910. Presented • 21st November, 1910, by Hon. Charles-
Murphy Printed for both distributioa and sessional papers.
CONTENTS OF VOLTJME 21.
31. Second Annual Report of the Civil Service Commission of Canada, for the period from
1st September, 1909 to 31st August, 1910. Presented 1st December, 1910, by Hon.
Ch-^'les Murphy Printed for both distribution and sessional papers.
32. Annual Report of the Department of Public Printing and Stationery, for the fiscal
year ended 31st March, 1910. Presented 22nd November, 1S10. by Hon. Charles
Murphy Printed for both distributioti and sessional papers.
33. Report of the Joint Librarians of Parliament for the year 1910. Presented 17th
November, 1910, by the Hon. the Speaker Printed for sessional papers.
34. Report of the Minister of Justice as to Penitentiaries of Canada, for the fiscal year
ended 31st March, 1910. Presented 30th November, 1910, by Hen.' A. B. Aylesworth.
Printed for both distribution and sessional papers.
35. Report of the Militia Council, for the fiscal year ending 31st March. 1910. Presented
21st November, 1910, by Hon. Sir Frederick Borden.
Prbited for both distribution and sessional papers.
35a. Report of General Sir John French, G.C.B., Inspector General of the Imperial
Forces, upon his Inspection of the Canadian Military Forces. Presented 22nd
November, 1910, by Hon. Sir Frederick Borden.
Printed for both distribution and sessional papers.
35b. Report upon the best method of giving affect to the recommendations of General Sir
John French, regarding the Canadian Militia, by Major General Sir P. H. N. Lake,
K.C.M.G., Inspector General. Presented 22nd November, 1910, by Hon. Sir Fred-
erick Borden ..Printed for distribution and sessional papers.
35c. Interim Report of the Militia .Council for the Dominion of Canada on the Training
of the Militia during the season of 1910. Presented 31st March, 1911. by Hon. Sir
Frederick Borden Printed for distribution.
36. Report of the Department of Labour, for the fiscal year endiag 31st March, 1910, in-
cluding Report of Proceedings under the Industrial Disputos Investigation Act, 1907.
Presented 21st November, 1910, by Hon. W. L. Mackenzie King.
Printed for both distribution and sessional papers.
CONTENTS OF VOLTJME 22.
36a. Report on Industrial Disputes in Canada up to 31st March, 1911.
Printed for both distribution and sessional papers.
36b. Comparative prices of Agricultural, Fisheries, Lumber and Mine products in Canada
and the United States, 1906-1911. Presented 28th July. 1911, by Hon. W. L. Mackenzie
King Printed for both distribution and sessional papers.
12
1-2 George V. Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1911
CONTENTS OF VOLUME 22— Conduded.
37. Sixth L'eport of the Commissioners of the Transcontinental Kailway, for the year end-
ing 31st March, 1910. Presented 21st Xovcmbor, 1910, by Hon. G. P. Graham.
Printed for both distribution and sessional papers.
38. Report of the Eoyal Commission on Trade Relations between Canada and the West
Indies, together with Part II, Minutes of evidence taken in Canada and Appendices;
• Part III, Minutes of evidence taken in the West Indies, and Appendices; and also.
Part IV, Minutes of evidence taken in London and Appendices. Presented 21st
November, 1910, by Ho. William Paterson Printed for Sessional Papers.
39. Report of the Honourable the Secretary of State, on the inquiry into the affairs of
the Department of Public Printing and Stationery. Presented 21st November, 1910,
by Hon. Charles Murphy Printed for both distribution anl sessional papers.
CONTENTS OF VOLTJME 23.
40. Ordinances of the Yukon Territory, passed by the Yukon Council in the year, 1909.
Presented 21st November, 1910, by Hon. Charles Murphy Not printed.
40a. Ordinances of the Yukon Territory passed by the Yukon Council in the year 1910.
Presented 4th April, 1911, by Hon. Charles Murphy Not printed.
41. General Orders issued to the Militia, between the 1st November, 1909, and the 18th
October, 1910. Presented 22nd November, 1910, by Hon. Sir Frederick Borden.
Not printed.
42. Statement of Governor General's Warrants issued since the last session of Parliament,
on account of the fiscal year 1910-11. Presented 22ud November, 1910, by Hon.
William Paterson Not printed.
43. Statement in pursuance of section 17 of the Civil Service Insurance Act, for the year
ending 31st March, 1910. Presented 22nd November, 1910, by Hon. William Paterson.
Not printed.
44. Statement of expenditure on account of miscellaneous unforeseen expenses, from the
1st Ipril, 1910, to 17tb. November, 1910, in accordance with the Appropriation Act
of 1910. Presented 22nd November, 1910, by Hon. William Paterson. .. .A^ot printed.
45. Statement of Superannuation and Retiring Allowances in the Civil Service during
the year ending 31st December, 1910, showing name, rank, salary, service, allowance
and cause of retirement of each i)erson superannuated or retired, also whether
vacancy filled by promotion or by new appointment, and salary of any new appointee.
Presented 22nd November, 1911, by Hon. William Paterson Not printed.
46. Report of the proceedings of the preceding year, of the Commissioners of Internal
Economy of the Hi use of Commons, pursuant to Rule 9. Presented 1st December,
1910, by the Hon. the Speaker Printed for sessional papers.
47. Return, in pursuance of section 16, of the Government Annuities Act, 1908, containing
staten,ent of the business done during the fi^al year, ending 31st March, 1910. Pre
sented 1st December, 1910, by Hon. S. A. Fisher Prin'cd for sessional papers.
48.
Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 1st December, 1910, for a copy of
the existing lobster fishery regulations, adopted by Order in Council on 30th Septem-
ber, 1910. Presented 1st December, 1910, by Hon. L. P. Brodeur.
Printed for sessional papers.
13
1-2 George V. Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1911
CONTENTS OF VOLUME 2Z— Continued.
49. Detailed statement of all bonds or securities registered in the Department of thfr
Secretary of State of Canada, since last return (25th November, 1909), submitted to
the Parliament of Canada under Section 32 of Chapter 19, of the Revised Statutes of
Canada, 1906. Presented 1st December, 1910, by Hon. Charles Murphy.. ..Not printed.
50. Annu.il Return respecting Trade Unions, under chapter 125, R.S.C., 1906. Presented 1st
December, 1910, by Hon. Charles Murphy Not printed.
51. Regulations under "The Destructive Insect and Pest Act." Presented 1st December,
1910, by Hon. S. A. Fisher Not printed.
52. First Annual Report of the Commission on Conservation, 1910. Presented 5th Decem-
ber, 1910, by Hon. S. A. Fisher Printed for sessional papers.
53. Regulations established by Order in Council of 17th May, 1910, for the disposal of
petroleum and gas on the Indian Reserves in the Provinces of Alberta and Saskache-
wan and in the Northwest Territories. Presented 5th December, 1910, by Hon.
Charles Murphy y Not printed.
54. Iveport of the International Waterways Commission on the regulation of Lake Erie,
with a discussion of the regulation of the Great Lakes System. Presented 7th Decem-
ber, 1910, by Hon. William Pugsley Printed for sessional papers.
54a. Return to an Address of the House of Commons, dated 12th December, 1910, for a
copy of all orders in council or other aiithority, appointing members of the
Canadian section of the Joint International Waterways Commission, together with
all reports, recommendations and correspondence submitted to the Government,
or any department thereof, by the said Canadian section, or any member thereof.
Also a statement of the total expenses of such Canadian section up to date, with
particulars thereof. Presented 8th May, 1911.— Mr. Macdonell Not printed.
55. Return in so far as the Department of the Interior is concerned) of copies of all
Orders in Council, plans, papers, and correspondence which are required to be
presented to the House of Commons, under a Resolution passed on 20th February,
1882, since the date of the last return, under such Resolution. Presented 9th
December, 1910, by Hon. Frank Oliver Not printed.
55a. Return of lands sold by the Canadian Pacific Railway Company during the year
which ended on the 31st October, 1910. Presented 4th May, 1911, by Hon. Frank
Oliver Not printed.
56. Regulations issued by the Department of the Naval Service regarding rates of Pay,
pursuant to Section 47 of the Naval Service Act. Presented 9th December, 1910,
by Hon. L. P. Brodeur Not printed.
56o. Regulations issued by the Department of the Naval Service, regarding the issue of
the existing Lobster Fishery Regulations, adopted by rder in Council on 30th Septem-
ber, 1910, by Hon. L. P. Brodeur Noi printed.
56b. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 5th December, 1910, for a state-
ment showing the detailed expenditure to date out of the sum voted by the House
in connection with the new Navy, giving in each case the amount paid, to whom
paid and the object of the expenditure. Presented, 16th December, 1910.— xlfr.
Monck Not printed.
14
1-2 George V. Alphabetical ludex to Sessional Papers. A. lit 11
CONTENTS OF VOLUME 2Z-Cont{mipd.
■56c. Return to an order of the Honse of Commons dated 14th December, 1910, for a Return
showing how many apijlications have been received from Canadian citizens for
service in the proposed Canadian Navy, as officers, and able seamen or blue-
jackets, respectively, and how many officers and men, respectively, of the British
Navy have made application for such service. Presented 11th January, 1911. —
Mr. Jameson Not printed.
56'/. Return to an address of the Senate dated 24th November, 1910, for the following
information :—l. Has the Department of the Naval Service, which was erected by the
legislation of last session, been regularly organized and put in operation? 2.
Who has been appointed Deputy Minister by the Governor in Council? 3. Who are
the other officials and cleiks necis?ary for the proper administration of the affairs
of the new department who have been appointed by the Governor in Council? 4.
Who among these officials and clerks are those who have been transferred from the
Department of Marine and Fisheries to the Department of the Naval Service? 3. Wro
among these officials and clerks come from elsewhere? 6. What is the salary of
each of the officials? Presented 11th January. 1911.— Hon. Mr. Landry Not printed.
56p. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 7th Dscember, 1910, for a state-
ment showing: — 1. The names of all those engaged to date by the Government in
connection with the new Naval Deparment, whether for service at sea or for
work in connection with the department, either for inside or outside service. 2.
The rcmicile of origin of those thus engagged, their previous occupation, rank or
grade in the British Navy or elsewhere, and previous rate of pay or remuneration
3. The duties assigned, rank or occu<jation of those thus oiiijn^od in the service J
Canada, and present salary and allowances. Presented 18th January, 1911. — Mr.
Monk Not printed.
56/. Copy of an Order in Council approved by His Excellency the Governor General on the
22nd December, 1910, authorizing certain oUowances to Petty Officers and men in
the Naval Service. Presented 19th January, 1911, by Hon. L. P. Brodeur.
Not printed.
56(j- Copy of an Order in Council approved by His Excellency the Governor General on the
22nd December, 1910, and publisded in the Canada Gazette on the 14th January,
1911, authorizing increase in wages to certain ratings in the neval service. Presented
19th .lanuary, 1911, by Hon. L. P. Brcdeur Not prijited.
56^1. Return to an Address of the House of Commons, dated 11th January, 1911, for a
return showing all rules and regulations passed by the Governor in Council under
the provisions of the Navy Act, adopted at the last session of parliament. Presented
26th .January, 1911.— 3/r. Monk Not printed.
SGi. Return to an order of the Senate dated the 24th November, 1910, for a statement
showing in as many distinct columns: — 1. The name of the electoral district. 2
The name of the parish, township, town or city. 3. The name of the first signer,
and mention of the additional number of signers of each of the petitions presented
duri.'g the last session, either to the House of Commons or to the Senate, praying
for the postponement of the adoption of the proposed Naval Act until the people
have had the opportunity of expressing their will by means o* a plebiscite. 4. The
date of the presentation of each of these petitions. 5. The names, in each case, of
the Member or Senator who presented these petitions. Presented 30th November,
1910.— Hor?. Mr. Landry Not printed.
16
1-2 George V. Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers, A. 1911
CONTENTS OF VOLUME 23— Continued.
'56;. Return to an order of the Senate dated February 1, 1911, calling for in as many
columns: — 1. The names of all the ships of which the Canadian fleet service is
actually composed. 2. The tonnage of each of these ships. 3. How old, is each
ship at present. 4. The purchase price, or cost of construction, or, in default
thereof, the actual value of each ship. 5. The horse-power of each of them. 6. The
motive power, side wheels, propeller or sails. '7. The number of i)ersons of which
the crew of each of these ships is composed. 8. The cost of annual maintenance
of each ship with its crew. 9. The purpose for which each ship is used, specifying
whether it is for the guarding of the coasts, the protection of fisneries, or for the
what other purpose. 10. The waters on which each of those ships sails — the waters
of the Atlantic or Pacific Oceans, the Greot Lakes, of the St. Lawrence river, or
elseuhere, with a short statement showing the number and the net toiinage of the
ships of the Great Lakes service, — of the ships stationed on the shores of British
Columbia, and of the ships sailing on the waters of the tastern portion of the
Ajmerioan continent owned by us. Presented 14th February, 1911.— Hon. Mr. Landry.
Not printed.
56fc. Orders in Council published in Canada Gazette 11th February, 1911, No. 83/146.
Regulations for entry of naval instructors. No. 91/146. Revised rates of pay for
electricians. No. 86/146. Revised travelling allowances. Presented 23rd February,
1911, by Rt. Hon. Sir Richard Cartwright Not printed.
56i. Return to an address of the House of Commons, dated 6th February, 1911, for a copy
of the final protocol or agreement entered into at the International Naval Conference
held in London, December, 1908, February, 1909, and of the ganeral report presented
to the said Naval Conference on behalf of its drafting committee, and of all corres-
pondence exchanged between the Imperial Government and the Government of Canada
in tegard to the same. Presented 10th March, 1911. — Mr. Monk Not printed.
56m. 1. Correspondence and documents respecting the International Naval Conference
field in London, December. 1908. February, 1909. 2. Correspondence respecting the
Declaration of London. 3. Final Act of the Second Peace Conference held at The
Hague in 1907, and Conventions and Declarations annexed thereto. Presented 23rd
March, 1911, by Rt. Hon. Sir Wilfrid Laurier Not printed
56n. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 27th February, 1911, for a Return
showing: — 1. How many Canadians have been accepted as members of the Canadian
Navy. 2. What are the names and former residence of those who have been
accepted. Presented 24th March, 1911.— Mr. Taylor {Jjceds), Not printed.
56o. Order in Council, approved by His Excellency the Governor General on the 31st March,
1911, and published in the Canada Gazette April 15th, 1911:- No. 358 revised regula-
tions for entry of surgeons into the Naval Service. Presented 24th April, 1911, by
Hon. L. P. Brodeur Not printed,
57. Return to an Order of the House of Commons, dated the 7th December, 1910^ for a copy
of all correspondence between the Government of Canada or the Right Honourable,
the First Minister, and the government of Manitoba, or the Premier of Manitoba,
referring to the demand of Manitoba for an extension of boundaries and an increase
in subsidy. Presented 14th December, 1910.— M?-. Staples.
Printed for sessional papers.
58. Memorai.dum respecting the finances of the National Battle.fields Commission, as on
the 31.st March, 1910. Presented 15th December, 1910, by Hon. William Paterson.
Printed for sessional papers.
16
1-2 George V. Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1911
CONTENTS OF VOLUME 23— Continued.
58a. Ecpoit from The National Battlefields Commission. Presentod 13th December, 1910,
by Rt. Hon. Sir Wilfrid Laurier ..Prinied for sessional papers.
58b. Return to an Address of the Senate dated 24th February, 1911, calling for a copy of
the last report made to the Government by the members of the Quebec Battlefields
Commission. Presented 10th March, 1911.— Wu'i. -^^r. Lnndrii Not prinied.
58o. Return to an Order of the Senate dated 12th January, 1911, for copies of all Orders
in Council relating to the appointment of members of the " National Battlefields
Commission " of the Province of Quebec, as well as a statement showing the sums
received by the said Commission, the sources whence received, the interest thereon,
the expenses incurred, the nature of such expenses, distinguishing what has been
paid for the acquisition of lands, the balance in hand, and the approximate cost.
with the nature of the expenses to be incurred to attain the end which the Com-
mission has proposed for itself. Presented 21st March, 1911.— ffon. Mr. Landry.
Not printed.
58cf. Return to an order of the Senate dated 23rd February, 1911, for a statement showing
the number of gold, silver, and bronze medals, which the Quebec Battlefields Commis-
sion has caused to be struck in commemoration of the three bunctredth anniversary
of the foundation of the City of Quebec^ the cost of each of these series of medals, the
names of the persons to whom, or the institutions to which, gold medals, silvei-
medals, and bronzo medals have been given. Presented 28th April, 1911.— Hon. 3/r.
Landry Not printed.
59 Return to an address of the House of Commons, dated 7th December, 1910, for a' copy
of all petitions, memorials and resolutions from individuals. Boards of Trade or other
bodies and corporations, favouring or asking for a treaty ot reciprocity with the
United States; and also if all similar documents protesting against or unfavourable
to the same, and a copy of all correspondence had with the Government, or any
member thereof, concerning reciprocity with the United States, since the 1st
January, 1910. Presented 15th December, 1910. -Mr. Foster Not printed.
o9a. Supplomenta/y return to an address of the House of Commons, dated 7th December
1910, for a copy of all petitions, memorials and resolutions from individuals. Boards
of Trade or other bodies and corporations, favouring or asking for a treaty of
reciprocity with the United States; and also of all similar documents protesting
against or unfavourable to the same, and a copy of all correspondence had with the
govern.ncr.t, .u- it-y memt«r thereof, concerning reciprocity with the United States,
since the 1st .lan^iary, 1910. Presented lltli Janiiary, 1011. — Hon. Mr. Foster.
Not printed
59'>. Further supplementary return to an Address of the House of Commons, dated 7th
December, 1910, for a copy of all petitions, memorials and resolutions from
individuals. Boards of Trade or other bodies and corporations, favouring or asking
for a treaty of reciprocity with the United States; and also of all similar documents
protesting against or unfavourable to the same, and a copy of all correspondence
had with the Government, or any member thereof, concerning reciprocity with the
United States, since the 1st January, 1910. Presented 3rd Fej.Miary, 1911— Hon. Mr.
Foster Not printed.
59c. Further supplementary return to an Address of the House of Commons, dated 7th
December, 1910, for a copy of all petitions, memorials and resolutions from individ-
uals. Boards of Trade or other bodies and corporations, favouring os asking for a
treaty of reciprocity with the United States; and also of all similar documents
8887—2 17
1-2 George V. Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1011
CONTENTS OF VOLUME 23— Continued.
protesting against or unfavourable to the samp, and a conj' of all correspondence
had with the Grovernmeut or any member thereof, concerning reciprocity with the
United States, since the 1st January, 1910. Presented 8th February, 1911.— Hon. Mr.
Foster Not printed.
59''. Further supplementary return to an Address of the House of Commons, dated 7th
December, 1910, for a copy of all petitions, memorials and resolutions from individ-
uals, boards of trade or other bodies and corporations, favouring or asking for a
treaty of reciprocity with the United States; and also of all similar documents pro-
testing against or unfavourable to the same, and a copy of all correspondence had with
the gcvornment, or any member thereof, concerning reciprocity w'th the United States,
since the 1st January, 1910. Presented 27th February, 1911.— Hon. Mr. Foster.,
Not printed.
59e. Further supplementary return to an Address of the House of Commons, dated 7th
December, 1910, for a copy of all petitions, memorials and resolutions from individ-
uals. Boards of Trade or other bodies and corporations, favouring or asking for a
treaty of reciprocity with the United States; and also of all similar documents
protesting against or unfavourable to the same, and a copy of all correspondence had
with tho Goveiiinieut, or any member thereof, concerning reciprocity with the United
States, since the 1st January, 1910. Presented 8th March, 1911.- Ho??. Mr. Fosier.
Not printed.
59/. Further supplementary return to an Address of the House of Commons, dated 7th
December, 1910, for a copy of all petitions, memorials and resolutions from individ-
uals. Boards of Trade or other bodies and corporations, favouring or asking for a
treaty of reciprocity with the United States; and also of all similar documents pro-
testing against or unfavourable to the same, and a copy of all correspondence had
with the Government, or any member thereof, concerning reciprocity with the United
States, since the 1st January, 1910. Presented 14th March, 1911.— Hon. Mr. Fo.<iter.
Not printed.
59!;. Further supplementary return to an Address of the House of Commons, dated 7th
Decemljer, 1910, for a copy of all petitions, memorials and resolutions from individ-
uals. Boards of Trade or other bodies and corporations, favouring or asking for a
trea^^y of reciprocity with the United States; and also of all similar documents pro-
testing against or unfavourable to the same, and a copy of all correspondence had with
the Government, or any member thereof, concerning reciprocity with the United
States, since the 1st January, 1910. Presented 22nd March, 1911.— Hon. Mr. Foster.
Not printed.
59/i. Further supplementary return to an Address of the House of Commons, dated 7th
December, 1910, for a copy of all petitions, memorials ana resolutions from individ-
uals. Boards of Trade or other bodies and corporations, favouring or asking for a
treaty of reciprocity with the United States; and also of all similar documents pro-
testing against or unfavourable to the same, and a copy of all correspondence had
with the Government, or any member thereof, concerning reciprocity with the United
States, since the 1st January, 1910. Presented 27th March, 1911.— Hon. Mr. Foster.
Not printed.
59'. Further supplementary return to an Address of the House of Commons, dated 7th
December, 1910, for a copy of all petitions, memorials and resolutions from individ-
uals, boards of trade or other bodies and corporations, favouring or asking for a
treaty of reciprocity with the United States; and also of all similar documents pro-
18
1-2 George V. Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1911
CONTENTS OF VOLUME 23— Coyitinued.
testing against or unfavourable to the same, and a copy of all correspondence had
with the Government, or any member thereof, concerning reciprocity with the United
States, since the 1st January, 1910. Presented 28th March, 19]1.— Hon. Mr. Foster.
Not printed.
59;'- Further supplementary return to an Address of the House of Commons, dated 7th
December, 1910, for a copy of all petitions, memorials and resolutions from individ-
uals. Boards of Trade or other bodies and corporations, favouring or asking for a
treaty of reciprocity with the United States; and also of all similar documents pro-
testing against or unfavourable to the same, and a copy of all correspondence had with
the government, or any member thereof, concerning reciprocity with the United
States, since the 1st January, 1910. Presented 28th ilarch, 1911.— Hon. Mr. Foster.
Not printed.
59A-. Further supplementary return to an Address of the House of Commons, dated 7th
December, 1910, for a copy of all petitions, memorials and resolutions from individ-
uals. Boards of Trade or other bodies and corporations, favouring or asking for a
treaty of reciprocity with the United States; and also of all similar documents pro-
• testing against or unfavourable to the same, and a copy of all correspondence had
with the Government, or any member thereof, concerning reciprocity with the United
States, since the 1st January, 1910. Prsented 31st March, 1911.— ffon. Mr. Foster.
Not printed.
59/- Further supplementary return to an Address of the House of Commons, dated 7th
December, 1910, for a copy of all petitions, memorials and resolutions from individ-
uals. Boards of Trade or other bodies and corporations, favouring or asking foi a
treaty of reciprocity with the United States; and also of all similar documents pro-
testing against or unfavourable to the same, and a copy of all correspondence had with
the government, or any member thereof, concerning reciprocity with the United
States, since the l^^t January, 1910. Presented 7th April, 1911. -Hon. Mr. Foster.
Not printed.
59m. Further supplementary return to an Address of the House of Commons, dated 7th
December, 1910, for a copy of all petitions, memorials and resolutions from individ-
uals. Boards of Trade or other bodies and corporations, favouring or asking for a
treaty of reciprocity with the United States; and also of all similar documents pro-
testing against or unfavourable to the same, and a copy of all correspondence had
with the Government, or any member thereof, concerning reciprocity with the United
States, since the 1st January, 1910. Presented 19th April, 1911.— Hon. Mr. Foster.
Noi printed.
59". Further supplementary return to an Address of the House of Commons, dated 7th
December, 1910, for a copy of all petitions, memorials and resohitions from individ-
uals, Boards of Trade or other bodies and corporations, favouring or asking for a
treaty of reciprocity with the United States; and also of all similar documents pro-
testing against or unfavourable to the same, and a copy of all correspondence had with
the Government, or any member thereof, concerning reciprocity with the United
States, since the 1st January, 1910. Presented 19th April, 1911.— Hon. Mr. Foster.
Not printed.
59o. Further supplementary return to an Address of the House of Commons, dated 7th
December, 1910, for a copy of all petitions, memorials and resolutions from indivi
duals, boards of trade or other bodies and corporations, favouring or asking for a
treaty of reciprocity with the United States, and also of all somilar documeuta pro-
8887— 2i 19
1-2 George V. Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 191!
CONTENTS OF VOLUME 2S—Continue(^.
te^sting against or iinfavourable to the same, and a copy of all correspondence had
with the Government, or any member thereof, concerning reciprocity with the United
States, since the 1st January, 1910. Presented 2nd May, 1911.— Bo/i. Mr. Foster.
Not printed.
59/). Further supplementary return to an Address of the House of Commons, dated 7th
December, 1910, for a copy of all memorials and resolutions from individuals, Boords
of Trade or other bodies and corporations, favouring or asking for a treaty of
reciprocity with the United States; and also of all similar documents protesting
against or unfavourable to the same, and a copy of all correspondence had with the
Government, or any member thereof, concerning reciprocity with the United States,
since the Ist January, 1910. Presented 5th May, 1911.— Hoti. Mr. Foster.
Not printed.
59q. Return to an Order of the House of Commons, dated 19th April, 1911, for a Return
showing what duties are imposed by Australia, New Zealand, Norway, France, Spain,
Sweden, Switzerland, Austria-Hungary, Japan, Argentine, Venezuela and Russia,
respectively, upon each of the articles included in the reciprocity agreement between
the United States and Canada.
And also, a statement showing the import prices in 1910 on which duty was col-
lected on the butter, eggs cheese, salt, beef, bacon, hams, mutton, lamb, pork in brine
and other meat products detailed, barley, beans, oats, neas, wheat, hay, flaxseed,
green apples, and animals, imi)orted from the above named coimtries. Presented
8th May, 1911.— Hon. Mr. Foster Not printed.
59r. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 8th May, 1911, for a Return
showing, taking the latest Return of Commerce and Navigation of the United
States as a basis, the advantage Canada will have in the United States market over
her principal competitors, under the construction given at Washington by the United
States Court of Customs Appeals on April 10th, 1911, regarding the favoured nation
clause, by which the competitors of Canada in the United States market are denied
the privileges granted to Canada by the reciprocal agreement in regard to the impor-
tation into the United States of the folloAving goods and articles, namely: (a) Mackerel
pickled or salted; (b) Herring, pickled; (c) Cod, Haddock, Hake and Pollock, dried,
smoked, salted or pickled; (d) all other kinds of fish, salted or pickled; (e) Fish oils:
(/) Butter; (g) Cheese; (h) Cattle; (i) Horses; (j) Oats; (k) Coke; (l) Mineral
Waters; (m) Rolled Iron or Steel Sheets, coated with zinc, tin or other metal; (?i)
Mica; (o) Flax seed; (p) Beans and dried peas; {q) Onions; ('•) Potatoes; (s) other
vegetables in natural state.
Also showing the present rate of duty in the United States on the above goods
and ai tides; the rate under the proposed reciprocal agreement of the said goods
and articles; the value of goods; and the amount of duty collected on goods imported
from said competitors on the trade of said year, which will be free under the agree
ment on goods from Canada. Presented 16th May, 1911.- Mr. Siiwlair. .Not printed.
59n. Further supplementary Return to an Address of the House of Commons, dated 7th
December, 1910, for a copy of all memorials and resolutions from individuals.
Boards of Trade or other bodies and corporations, favoTiring or asking for a treaty
of reciprocity with the United States; and also of all similar documents protesting
agaiast or unfavourable to the same, and a copy of all correspondence had with the
Government, or any member thereof, concerning reciprocity with the United States,
since the 1st January, 1910. Presented 19th May, 1911. — Hon. 7\Ir. Foster.. .Not printed.
20
1-2 Cieorge V. Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. V.ni
CONTENTS OF VOLUME 23—Coniimied.
59/. Statements relative tu (1) Tlie yearly impoits, quantity and value, for the past six
years into Canada from, respectively. Australia, New Zealand. Denmark, Holland,
Belgium, France, Argentine Republic and the United States, of wheat, oats, horses,
cattle, sheep, lambs, mutton, beef, eggs, butter, cheese, fowl, \ (>getables and fruit.
(2) The average prices of butter and of eggs in London, England, for the past
Kve years in comparison with the prices, respectively, iu Eastern Provinces, in Mon-
treal, in Toronto, in Minneapolis, in Chicago, in Detroit, in Buffalo, in Boston and in
New York. Presented 28th July, 1911, by Hon. S. A. Fisher Not prinied.
60. Return ol orders in council passed between the 1st of November, 1909, and the 30th
September, 1910, in accordance with the provisions of section 5 of the Dominion Lands
Survey Act, Chapter 21, 7-8 Edward VII. Presented 11th January, 1911, 1911, by Hon.
Frank Oliver Not printed^
60((. Return (f Orders in Council which have been published in the Canada Gazette and in
the Biitish Columbia Gazette, between 1st November, 1909, and 30th September, 1910,
in accordance with provisions of subsection (d) of section 38 of the regulations for the
survey, administration, disposal and management of Dominion Lands within the 40-
raile railway belt in the province of British Columbia. Preseated 11th .January, 1911,
by Hon. Frank Oliver Not printed.
60''. Return called for by section 77 of the Dominion Lands Act, chapter 20 of the Statutes
of Canada, 1908, which is as follows: —
" 77. Every regulation made by the Governor in Council, iu virtue of the pro-
visions of this Act, and every order made by the Governor in Council, authorizing the
sale of any land or the granting of any interest therein, sh.iU have force and efiect
only after it has been published for four consecutive weeks in the Canada Gazette,
and all such orders or regulations shall be laid before both Houses of Parliament
within the first fifteen daj-s of the session next after the date thereof, and such regu-
lations shall remain in force until the day immediately succeeding the day of proro-
gation of that session of Parliament, and no longer, unless during that session they
are approved by resolution of both Houses of Parliament." Presented 11th January,
1911, by Hon. Frank Oliver Not printed.
61. Return of Orders in Council passed between the 1st November, 1909, and the 30th
September, 1910, in accordance with the provisions of the Forest Reserve Act,
sections 7 and 13 of Chapter 56, Revised Statutes of Canada. Presented 11th January,
1911, by Hon. Frank Oli'rer Xoi printed.;-
62. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated the 7th December. 1910, for a copy
of Sir John Thompson's memorandum on the question of the rights of fishing in the
bays of British North America, prepared for the use of the British Plenipotentiaries
at Washington in 1888 , and a copy of tJie Treaty agreed to and approved by the
President. Presented 11th January, 1911. — Hon. Mr. Fo.tter.
Prill ted for sessional papers.
63. Return to an Address of the House of Commons, dated 7t7h December, 1910, for a copy
of any memorials, correspondence, &c., between His Excellency the Governor General
and the Colonial Office, or between any member of the government, and the foreign
consols general in Canada, relative to the .status of the latter, at official functions,
such as the vice-regal drawing room. Presented 11th January, 1911.— 3/r. Sproule.
Print f^d for sessional papers.
21
J -2 George V. Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1911
CONTENTS OF VOLUME 2Z— Continued.
64. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 6th December, 1910, for & return
showing: — 1. What newspapers or companies publishing newspapers in the cities of
Montreal and Quebec have directly or indirectly received sums from the Government
of Canada for printing, lithographing, binding or other work, between the 31st
March, 1910, and the 15th November, following.
2. What is the total amount paid to each of said newspapers or companies between
the dates above stated. Presented Uth January, 1911. — Mr. Monk Not printed.
65t Return to an Address of the Hoiise of Commons, dated 7th December, 1910, for a copy of
all Orders in Council, correspondence, papers, maps or other documents, which passed
between the Government of Canada or any member thereof, and the Government
of Quebec, or any member thereof, or any other parties on their behalf, or between
the Government of Canada and the Government of Ontario, or any members thereof,
regarding the extension of the boundaries of the province of Quebec, a"^ set forth in
an Order in Council dated 8th July, 1896, establishing a conventional boundary,
thejoin specified. And also any correspondence, papers, documents, &c., that may have
■ passed between the aforesaid governments or members thereof, relative to the passing
of an Act to confirm and ratify the aforesaid conventional boundary, which wa^s
passed in 1898. Presented 11th January, 1911. — Mr. Sproule.
Printed for sessional papers.
66. Return to an Order of the House of Commons, dated 14th December, 1910, for a Return
showing the names of manufacturers in Canada of turned kiln dried maple boot,
last and shoe last blocks, in the rough, for making manufacturers' boot and shoe
lasts. Presented 11th January, 1911. — Mr. Eughes Not printed.
67. Return to an Order of the House of Commons, dated 5th December, 1910, for a copy of all
correspondence, reports, memorials, surveys and other papers in the possession of the
Government, and not already brought down, regarding the oyster industry of Canada;
also a copy of all correspondence, reports and other papers regarding the ownership
and control of Oyster beds and of barren bottoms suitable for Oyster culture, and
regarding the consolidating of the ownership with the control and regulation of such
beds and barren bottoms, and vesting the same in the hands of the Dominion
Government; olso a copy of all correspondence, reports, recommendations and other
pap3rs relating to the leasing or sale of such beds or barren bottoms or of portions
of them, for the purpose of Oyster culture or cultivation. Also o copy of all corres-
pondence and reports relating to the culture, cultivation asd conservation of oysters
and other mollusks. Presented Uth January, 1911.— Mr. Warburton.
Printed for sessional papers.
68. Order of the House of Commons, dated 5th December, 1910, for a copy of all reports,
evidence, correspondence, and other documents relating to an investigation into
irregularities in the life saving station at Clayoquot, mentioned on page 353 of the
Report of the Department of Marine and Fisheries for 1909 and 1910, sessional paper
No. 22. Presented Uth January, 1911. — Mr. Barnard Not printed.
69. Return to an Order of the House of Commons, dated Hth December, 1910, for a Return
showing how many employees of the custom hou«e at Montreal have left the service
since the 1st July, 1896, up to this date, with their names, duties, salaries and ages,
respectively, and date of their heaving; the names, ages, salaries and duties of those
who have replaced them, the date of their entry and their present salaries. Presented
Uth .lanuary, 1911. — Mr. Wilson (Laval) Not printed.
22
1-2 George V. Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1911
CONTENTS OF VOLUME 22— Continued.
69a. Return to an Order of the House of Commons, dated 8th February, 1911, for a Return
showing the full names of the permanent or temporary employees appoisted at
Montreal since the 1st of January, 1904, in the Post Office Department, the Customs,
Inland Revenue and Public Works; the age and place of residence of these employees
at the time of their appointment, the dates and nature of changes, promotions or
increases of salary granted these employees since their appointment. Presented 28tb
April, 1911.— Mr. Gervais Not printe<r
70. Return to an Address of the House of Commons, dated 7th December, 1910, for a Return
showing what arrangements have been made with foreign countries by the Governor
General in Council under the provisions of the Customs Tarifi Act of 1907, without
reference to Parliament. Presented 11th January, 1911.— Mr. Ames.. ..Not printed.
71. Return to an Order of the House of Commons, dated 14th December, 1910, for a Return
showing the total expenses in connection with the surrender of St. Peter's Indian
Reserve, including moving the Indians to new reserve, sale of lands, and all the
exp-^nse made necessary by the surrender. Presented 11th January, 1911. — Mr.
Bradbury Not printed.
71fl. Return to an Order of the House of Commons, dated 14th December, 1910, for a copy of
all correspondence with Rev. John McDougall and all instructions given to him
regarding St. Peter's Indians and their reserve; and of Rev. John McDougall's report
of his investigations at St. Peter's Indian Reserve. Presented 11th January, 1911.
— Mr. Bradbury Not printed.
71b. Supplementary Return to an Order of the House of Commons, dated 14th December,
1910, for a Return showing the total expenses in connection with the surrender of
{St. Peter's Indian Reserve, including moving the Indians to new Reserve, sale of lands,
and all the expense made necessary by the surrender. Presented 18th January, 1911.
— Mr. Bradbury Not printed.
71c. Return to an Address of the House of Commons, dated 11th January, 1911, for a copy
of all correspondence, offers, agreements, orders in council, reports, records, regula-
tions, or other papers or documents, relating to the grant or surrender to one Merrill,
or (jme other person or corporation, of the concession or right to bore for and acquire
natural gas, upon or under the Six Nation Reserve, at or near Brantford, Ontario;
together with a statement of aJI monies paid for said concession or right, and also
of all monies subsequently received by the Six Nation Indians, or by the government
on their behalf for such concession or rights. Presented 2nd February, 1911. — Mr.
Osier Not printed.
72. Return to an Order of the House of Commons, dated 14th December, 1910, for a copy of
all coirespondence, reports, documents and papers relating to the strike of the
employees of the Cumberland Coal and Railway Company, Limited, not previously
brought down. Presented 11th January, 1911.— Mr. Rhodes Not printed.
72(1. Return to an Order of the House of Commons, dated 5th December, 1910, for a copy of
the agreement of settlement of the late strike between the Grand Trunk Railway Com-
pany and the conductors and brakemen, and of all correspondence, documents and
papers relating thereto, or in consequence thereof, between the said parties, or be-
tween either and any person or persons authorized or professing to act for either, or
between the Government or any Minister or Deputy Minister or other person on its
behalf, and said parties, or either of them, or any person authorized or professing to
act for them or either of them befoie, during, or since said strike. Presented 11th
January, 1911. — Mr. Northrup Not printed.
23
1-2 George V. Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1911
CONTENTS OF VOLUME 23— Continued.
72b. Return to an Order of the House of Coiinnons, dated 25th January, 1911, for a copy of
all cnrcspondence, documents and papers relating to the late strike on the Grand
Trunk Railway between the said railway and the striking conductors and trainmen,
or between either and any person or persons authorized or professing to act for
either, or between the Government or any Minister or Deputy Minister, or any one
on his behalf, and either of said parties or any on professi)ig to act on behalf of
either, since the 29th day of November, A.D., 1910, and particularly all documents,
papers, correspondence and agreements relating to the reinstatement of any of the
men who had been on strike, and the appointment of Judge Barren. Presented 2nd
February, 19U.~-Mr. Northrup Not pr'nited.
73. Return to an Order of the House of Commons, dated 7th December, 1910, for a Return
implementing for the year 1910, the information brought down in answer to an Order
of the House of Commons referring to the operations of the mint, dated January
19, 1910. Present"ed 11th January, 1911.— ffo?i. Mr. Foster Not printed.
74. Supplementary Return to an Order of the House of Commons, dated 24th November,
1909, for a return showing the total amounts paid by the government in each year
since 1896, for all printing, advertising and lithographing done outside of the
Government Printing Bureau; the total amount so paid by each department of the
Government or such purposes during each year ; the names and addresses of each
individual, firm or corporation to whom any such moneys have been so paid, and the
total amount paid to each such individual, firm or corporation in each year since
1896. What portion of the said sums, if any, so paid since 1896 was expended after
public advertisement, tender and contract, to whom such tenders were awarded,
whether to the lowest tender in each case, what portion was expended otherwise
than by public advertisement, tender and contract, and to whom it was paid in each
instance. Presented 11th January, 1911.— Mr. Armstrong Not printed.
74(1. Return to an Order of the Senate dated 1st February, 1911, for a Return showing
year by year, from July 1st, 1896 up to date, the amounts paid to the Montreil
Herald, by the several departments of the Government of this country. Presented
8th March, 1911.— Hon. Mr. Landry Not printed.
7^h. Return to an Order of the Senate dated 25th January, 1911, for the production of a
statement showing, year by year, from the 1st July, 1896 up to this date, the sums of
money paid to the newspaper, he Soleil, by each of the different departments of
the Government of this country. Presented 8th March, 1911. — Hon. Mr. Landry.
Not printed.
l^c. Return to an Order of the Senate dated 25th January, 1911, for the production of a
statement showing, year by year, the sums of money paid the newspaper La Vigie, of
Quebec, by each of tlie different departments of the Government of this country from
the founding of that newspaper up to this date. Presented 8th March, 1911. — Hou.
Mr. Lajidry Not printed.
74'/. Return to an Order of the Senate dated 1st February, 1911, for a Return showing, year
by year, from 1st July, 1896, up to date, the amounts paid to La Presse of Montreal,
by the several departments of the Government of this country. Presented 8th March,
1911.— Jffon. Mr. Landry Not printed.
74r. Return to an Order of the Senate dated 1st February, 1911, for a Return showing,
year by year, from July 1st, 1896, up to date, the amounts paid to La Presse of
Montreal, by the several departments of the Government of this country. Presented
8th ^[arch. liUl. Hot,. Mr. Lnndry Not printed.
24
]-2 George V. Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. lull
CONTENTS OF VOLUME 23— Continued.
74/. Keluni to an Order of the Semite dated 2tth January, 1911, for a Return showing, year
by year, from the 1st July, 1896, up to date, the amounts paid to the paper Le
Canada, of Montreal, by each of the departments of the government of this country.
Presented 8th ]\Iar<h, 1911.— i/oo. Mr. Landrn Not prinled.
74f,'. l\eturn to an Order of the Senate dated 31st January, 1911, showing, year by year, from
July the 1st, ISOG, up to date, the amounts paid to the. Martineau Company by the
several departments of the country. Presented tth April, 1911.— H»/i. Mr. Landry.
Not printed.
74/! . Return to an Order of the Senate dated the 31st January, 1911, showing, year by year,
from 1st July, 1896, up to date, the \amcunts paid to Mr. Jean Drolet, of Queljec, by
the several departments of the country. Presented 4th April. 1911.— ffon. Mr. Landry.
Not printed.
74/. Return to an Order of the Senate dated 3rd February, 1911, showing, year by year, from
the 1st July, 1896, to this date, the sums of money paid to 0. Picard and Sons, of
Quebec, by the different departments of the Government of this country. Presented
4th April, 1911. — Hon. Mr. Landry Xot printed.
74'. Return to an Order of the Senate dated 24th January, 1911, showing, year by year from
July 1, 189o, up to date, the amounts paid to Mr. De Courcy, contractor, by each of
the departments of this coiintiy. Presented 4th April, 1911. Hon. Mr. Landry.
Not printed.
74A'. Return to an Order of the House of Commons, dated the 23rd February, 1911, for a
Return showing: — 1. All sums of money paid by the Government since 31st March last
to J>e Canada newspaper of Montreal or the publishers of the same respectively, for
odv.^rtising or printing, for lithographing or other work; and directly or indirectly
for copies of the newspaper.
2. Is the said newspaper executing any work of any kind for the Government at
present.
3. Have tenders been called publicly for any of the work done by said iiewspaper
for the government during the past year. Presented 6th April, 1911. — Mr. Monk.
Not printed.
74/. Supplementary Return to an Order of the Senate dated 24th January, 1911, for a Return
shoeing year by year, from 1st July. 1896, up to date, the amounts paid to Mr. De
Courcy, contractor, by each of the departments of this country. Presented 27th
.\pTi\, 1911.— Eon. Mr. Landry Not printed.
74"i Return to an Order of the House of Commons, dated 15th May, 1911, for a Return'
showing how much was paid by the Government to the proprietors or publishers of
the Essex Record, a daily and weekly paper published in Windsor, On^^ario, for
printing and advertising, during the fiscal year ending 31st jrarch, 1907, 1908, 1909,
1910 and 1911. Presented ISth July, 1911.— .1/r. Boyee Xot printed.
75. Return to an Order of the House of Commons, dated 12th December, 1910. for a Return
showing the average value for duty in 1896 and in 1910, respectively, of the unit of
each article or commodity enumerated in the schedules of the Customs Act, on which
in both years an ad valorem duty was payable. Presented 12th January, 1911. — Mr.
Borden (Halifa.r) Not pririted.
25
1-2 George V. Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1911
CONTENTS OF VOITJME 23— Continued.
76. Return to an Order of the House of Commons, dated 14th December, 1910, for a Return
showing all applications made to the Government during the period of agreement
with Japan concerning Japanese immigrants, to admit siuch immigrants for special
purposes, together with a copy of all correspondence in connection with the same.
Presented 12th January, 1911.— Mr. Taylor {New Westminster) Not printed.
76a. Return to an Order of the House of Commons, dated 7th December, 1910, for a Return
giving a list of the special immigration agents appointed by the government since the
31st March, 1909, in what portions of Great Britain and Irelond, the European Con-
tinent, or other country they are severally located, their addresses when they were
so appointed the date of their appointment in each case their respective salaries
and expenses, and any commissions that may have been paid to each or any
since their appointment. Presented 12th January, 1911.— Air. Wilson {Lennox and
Addington) Not printed.
76b. Return to an Order of the House of Commons, dated 11th January, 1911, for a Return
showing the number of immigrants who have come to Canada since the 31st March
la'^t up to the present time, the countries from which they c?me, the number from
each such country, the number of males and the number of females in each case, the
number under fourteen years of age. between fourteen and twenty-one years, between
twenty-one and forty, and between forty and sixty in each case, their occupations
before coming to Canada, their religion, their destination in Canada, their occupa-
tion when they arrived at such destination ; also the number who have been pre-
vented from landing, and the number deported. Presented 6th February, 1911.- Mr.
Wilson {Lennox and Addington) Not printed.
76c Return to an Order of the Senate dated 24th January, 1911, calling for the production
in detail of the accounts and claims fyled at the Department of the Interior or the
Immigration Office, Quebec, by Mr. Jacques Dery; restaurant keeper, during the
navigation season of 1910. Presented 7th February, 1911.— Hon. Mr. Landry.
Not printed.
76d. Return to an Order of the Senate dated 20th January, 1911, calling for the report
received by the Immigration Department on the subject of the complaints brought
against Mr. Jacques Dery, the keeper of the restaurant established in the immigra-
tion buildings at Quebec, and also of the correspondence exchanged and the inquiry
held by the immigration agent with regard to the overcharges by the restaurant
keeper, and of the refund which he had to make to immigrants of the price obtained
for goods of bad quality. Presented 7th February, 1911. — Hon. Mr. Landry.
Not printed.
76c. Return to an Order of the Senate dated 25th January, 1911, for the production of a
complaint, signed by a large number of persons employed at the Immigration Office
and Immigration buildings at Quebec and addressed to the agent of the Department
at that place, against Mr. Jacques Dery, the restaurant keeper, and also of the reply
of the latter. Presented 7th February, 1911.— Hon. Mr. Landry Not printed.
76/. Return to an Order of the Senate dated 25th January, 1911, that an Order of this House
do i^sue for the production of a letter dated 1st June, 1910, written by Mr. L. Stein,
of Quebec, addressed to Mr. W. D. Scott, Superintendent of Immigration. Presented
10th February, 1911. — Hon. Mr. Landry Not printed.
1-2 George V. Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1911
CONTENTS OF VOLUME 23— Continued.
76g. Return to an Order of the House of Commons, dated 3rd April, 1911, for a Return show-
ing the itemized accounts, vouchers, statements, reports and other papers relating
to the salary and exi)enses of and payments to W. O. Creighton, farmer delegate to
Great Britain in 1910. Presented 28th April, 1911.— Mr. Stanfield Not printed
76/i. Keturn to an Order of the House of Commons, dated 3rd April, 1911, for a Return show-
ing all itemized accounts, vouchers, statements, reports and other papers relating to
the salary of and payments to W. A. Hickman, immigration agent to Great Britain
in 1902 and 1903. Presented 28th April, 1911.— Mr. Stanfield Not printed.
77. Return to an Order of the House of Commons, dated 5th December, 1910, for a Return
showing: — 1. The estimated quantity of each class of material required for the con-
struction.
2. The rates or prices agreed upon and the estimated cost of each class of material,
based on rates on accepted tender.
3. The t«tal estimated cost based on these quantities and rates in each case of the
several bridges let to contract during the fiscal year ended March 31, 1910, referred to
on pages 3 and 4 of the Sixth Annual Report of the Commissioners of the Transcon-
tinental Railway.
4. A copy of the specifications and contract in each case, the number of the con-
tract and the name of the contractor.
5. The number of bridges yet to be let to contract, location and character, and
the estimated quantity of the different kinds of material in each case.
6. Why these bridges have not been let to contract and when contracts will pro-
bably be entered into as to these.
7. The bridges let to contract before March 31, 1909, identified by locality,
name of each contractor and number, the estimated cost of each of these bridges at
the time the contract was let, based on contract prices, the changes made in the
plans, specifications or contracts if any, and claims or allowances for alterations or
extras, if any, the percentage of the work done, the payments made to date, the
amounts retained as contract reserve, and the ascertained or estimated amount
required to complete in each case.
8. The bridges that have been completed, identified as above, the estimated cost
at the time of awarding the contract, the nature and extent of changes in plans,
specifications, or contract, if any, the increase or decrease of cost thereby occasioned,
and the actual total cost of each of those bridges. Presented 13th January, 1911. —
Mr. Lennox Not printed.
T7a. Return to an Order of the House of Commons, dated 5th December, 1910, for a copy of
the Tender and contract of Haney, Quinlan & Robertson for construction of locomo-
tive and other shops about six miles east of Winnipeg, and the total estimated cost
based on contract prices. Also a copy of the several other tenders sent in and a
statement of the total estimated cost based upon each of these tenders as moneyed
out at the time of awarding the contract. Pre'^ented 13th January, 1911. — 3fr. Leji-
noT Not printed
lib. Return to an Order of the House of Commons, dated 11th January, 1911, for a Return
showing as to each contract district of the National Transcontinental Railway between
Moncton and Winnipeg, respectively, what was the original departmental estimate
of quantities of solid rock, broken stone, earth, sand, &c., and the quantities of each
kind of excavation, as above, already paid for. Presented 21th January, 1911. — Mr.
Ames Not printed.
27
1-2 George V. Alphabetic.)! Index to Sessional Papers. A. ll'll
CONTENTS OF VOLUME 2Z—Continned.
77c. Eeturu to an Order of the House of Commons, dated 11th January, 1911, for a Return
showing in all cases where finished structures on the National Transcontinental Rail-
way, have differed materially, to an extent involving a difference in cost of more
than $10,000, from the original standard plans; the original estimated cost of the
structure; the cost according to altered plans; the nature of the change; the name
of the resident engineer, and of the contractor or sub-contractor; the reason, if any.
given for the alteration of plans; and a copy of the correspondence exchanged thereoji
between the headquarters staff and the engineer on the ground. Presented 24th
January, 1911.— M^*- Ames Not printed.
77''. Return to an Order of the House of Commons, dated 11th January, 1911, for a Return
showing the clause in the standard contract on the National Transcontinental Rail-
way having reference to train hauled filling, with a statement showing what amounts
have been paid to date, and to whom, for services o^ this i-.ature. Presented 24th
January, 1911. — Mr. Ames Not printed.
77<'- Return to an Order of the House of Commons, dated 11th January, 1911, for a Return
showing what amounts to date have been paid on force account to each and to all
contracts connected with the National Transcontinental railway, setting forth the
district affected thereby. Presented 24th January, 1911.— Mr. Arnes.. ..Not printed.
77 f. Return to an Order of the House of Commons, dated 11th January, 1911, for a Return
showing all cases where in construction w"ork on the National Transcontinetal Rail-
way a richer mixture of concrete was used than that indicated in the standard speci-
fication, to an extent affecting the cost of the work to the amount of $5,000 or more ;
also the original estimated cost and the actual cost in each of such cases. Presented
24th January, 1911. — Mr. A^nes Not printed.
77<l- Return to an Order of the House of Commons, dated 11th January, 1911, for a Return
showing a list of the members of the engineering staff who have been dismissed, or
have resigned or left the service of the National Transcontinental Railway Commission
since 1904, with position formerly held, the date of leaving, and the assigned cause
in each instance. Presented 7th February, 1911.— Mr. Ames Not printed.
77h. Return to an order of the Ho\rse of Commons, dated 26th January, 1911, for a Return
shoAving: — 1. In those cases in which an agreement was come to last autumn between
Mr. Killiher and Mr. Gordon as to overbreak on the eastern Division of the Trans-
continental Railway, what quantities of material, and of what class, and what sums
of money were taken from or added to the progress Estimates.
2. In the cases where measurements had to be made, have they been made, and
with what result. Presented 17th February, 1911.— Mr. Lcnnor.. .... ..Not printed.
77/. Return to an Order of the House of Commons, dated 11th January, 1911, for a Return
showing, in respect of all C£ises on the National Transcontinental Railway, where the
original specifications have not been adhered to; the estimated cost as per original
plan; the actual or estimated cost as per amended plan; the name of the contractor
and the resident engineer, and the reason given by the latter for such change. Pre-
sented 21th February, 1911.— Mr. Ames Not printed.
77/. Return to an Order of the House of Commons, dated 16th January, 1911, for a Return
showing what will have been the total expenditure upon, in connection with or in
consequence of, the National Transcontinental Railway up to the 31st of December,
1910, and what amount it is estimated will be required to cc^mplete and fully equip
the said road between Winnipeg and Moncton. Presented 27th February, 1911.— Mr.
Ames Not printed.
28
1-2 Gecirge V. Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 11)11
CONTENTS OF VOLUME 2S-'ConHuued.
77k. Intfiim Report of the Coiiiinissionprs of the Trauscoutiiioiital Kailwuy for the nine
months ended Deceinb(M' 31, 1910. Presented 27th February. 1911, by Hon. G. P.
Graham Not printed.
771. Return to an Order of the Senate dated ISth January, 1911, for a Return showing:— A.
As relates to the main line of the Transcontinental:—
1. The respective len<,'th in miles of each of the divisions of the Transcontinental,
named Division A. Division B, &c., from Moncton to Winnipeg, and specifying in
which province each of the divisions is located.
2. The estimated cost, at the outset, of the construction oi the road in each divi-
sion.
3. The actual price paid, on the loth January instant, for the building of the
line, sidings, bridges and other necessary works in each division.
i. The approximate cost in each division of the Transcontinental, of what remains
to be constructed for the completion of the road.
B. As relates to the branch lines of the Transcontinental :—
1. The respective length of each of the said branch lines, specifying the district
and the province within which the said branch lines are located.
2. The estimated cost, at the start, of the construction of each of tht said branch
lines.
3. The actual cost up to the loth January instant of the construction of said
branch line-;.
4. The probable cost of the works to be executed on each of the said branch lines.
5. The indication of the special section of the Act which each branch line has been
constructed.
6. The mention of all other branch lines proposed to be constructed by the Trans-
continental Railway Commission or the Government, showing the length and probable
cost thereof. Presented 8th March, 1911.— Hon. Mr. Landry Not printed.
'77 III- TU^turn to an Order of the House of Commons, dated 23rd February, 1911, for a Return
showing :—
1. What contracts outside of those numbered 1 to 21, inclusive, have been let for
construction on the Transcontinental Railway at Winnipeg and St. Boniface of
bridges, station buildings, freight houses, sheds, engine houses, turn tables, water
tanks, section houses, work shops, or other buildings, erections, structures or plant.
2. Were these contracts all let after advertisement and iipon tender.
3. What is the cost or estimated cost according to schedule or bulk tender in
each case, and who is the contractor in each case.
4. Were tenders asked for both by schedule and on bulk tender basis, on which
system was the contract awarded and for what reason in >^ach case.
5. What alterations have been made in any of the works since letting of con-
tract, and at what increased or decreased cost. Present?d 9th March, 1911. — Mr.
White {Renfrew) Not printed.
77ii- Return to an Order of the House of Commons, dated 6th Marcli, 1911, for a copy of the
report of the engineers who investigated overclassification, overbreak. or other
alleged over allowances on progress or final estimate, on the Eastern Division of the
Transcontinental Railway, the evidence taken, or other data collected, and of all
letters, instructions, agreements, plans, drawings, photographs, memoranda and
writings sent, given, had or \ised in connection with said investigation, not already
brought down, together with a reference to the previous return where papers are
already down; also a copy of the previous report made by Messrs. Schreiber, Kelli-
gher and Lumsden immediately before Mr. Lumsden's resignation. Presented 16th
March, 1911. — Mr. Lennox Not printed
29
1-2 George V. Alphabetical ludex to Sessional Papers. A. 1911
CONTENTS OF VOLUME 2Z— Continued.
77o. Return to an Order of the House of Commons, dated 13th March, 1911, for a Return pre-
pared upon the lines of Sessional Papers No. 46t of the 26th April, 1909, relating to
the Eastern Division of the Transcontinental Railway, showing the actual expenditure
\ipon each of the scheduled items upon each of the 21 contracts for construction of
this divisi( n, down to the latest estimate made upon each contract, and the estimated
quantity of work to be done and material to be furnished as to each of these items,,
and the estimated cost to complete the contract in each case. Presented 10th April,
1911.— Mr. Lemiox 'Not printed.
Up. Return to an Address of the Senate dated 23rd March, 1911, for a copy of the Order in
Council dated 23rd June, 1910, transferring from the Government to the National
Transcontinental Railway Commission, the spur line between the Quebec bridge and
the city of the same name. Presented 19th April, \m.—TJon. Mr. Landry.
Not printed.
78. For approval by the House under section 17 of the Yukon Act, Chapter 63 of the Revised
Statutes of Canada, 1906, a copy of an ordinance made by His Excellency the Gov-
ernor General in Council, in virtue of the provisions of Section 16 of the said Chapter
63, on the 9th day of December, 1909, and intituled : " An ordinance to rescind an
Ordinance respecting the imposition of a tax upon ale, porter, beer or lager beer
imported into the Yukon Territory. Presented 13th January, 1911, by Hon. Frank
Oliver Not printed.
79. Return under Section 88 of the Northwest Territories Act, Chapter 62, Revised Statutes
of Canada. Presented 16th January, 1911, by Hon. Frank Oliver Not printed.
80. Return to an Order of the House of Commons, dated 5th December, 1910, for a copy of
all correspondence between the mover and any other persons, corporations and
municipal as well as other public bodies, and the Department of Railways and Canals,
respectisg the reconstruction and alteration of the Canadian Pacific Railway Com-
pany's bridge across the St. Lawrence river at Lachine, P.Q. Presented. 16th
January, 1911. — Mr. Monk Not printed.
81. Report of the Commissioner, Dominion Police Force, for the year 1910. Presented 17th
January, 1911, by Sir Allen Aylesworth Not printed.
82. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 7th December, 1910, for a copy of
all correspoudoncp exchanged between the government and the Phoenix Bridge Com-
pany in connection with the payment by said company of $100,000 in discharge of
claims re contract. Presented 16th January. 1911.— Mr. Am^'s Not pririted
83. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 14th March, 1910, for a return show-
ing the number of accidents to trains of the I.C.R. for ten months, from 1st April.
1908, to 31st December, 1908; the number of persons killed or injured in each of such
accidents for ten months, from 1st April, 1908. to 31bt December, 1908: and the cost
of each of such accidents to the I. C. R., respectively, for repairs, property destroyed,
compensation to passengers, and for compensation to shippers for freight and bag-
gage. Presented 16th January, 1911. — Mr. Stanjield Not printed.
83a. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 14th March, 1910, for a return
showing the sumber of accidents to trains on the I. C. R. between 1st April, 1909,
and pre.sent date, and the location and particulars of each ; the number of persons
killed or injured in each of such accidents since 1st April, 1909, to date; and the cost
of each of such accidents to the I. C. R., respectively, for repairs, property destroyed,
compensation to passengers, and for compensation to shippers for freight and bag-
gage. Presented 16th January, 1911.— Mr. Stanfield Not printed.
30
1-2 George V. Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1911
CONTENTS OF VOLUME 23— Continued.
83h. Keturn to an order of the House of Cuinmons, dated 5th December, 1910, showing all
data, statements, estimates, recommendations and reports with regard to an Inter-
colonial railway renewal equipment account, and as to the initiation of such account
and the operation thereof to the present time.
2. A copy of all correspondence with the Auditor General and other persons in
regard thereto.
3. A copy of all correspondence, inquiries and investigations by or on behalf of
the Auditor General as to the need for such account, and as to the sufficiency or
otherwise of moneys carried to such account, and also as to the application of such
moneys.
4. The same returns as to the maintenance of rails account; and the same returns
as to a maintenance of bridges account, also as to any other items of maintenance,
and as to any recommendations regarding the adoption of such accounts. Presented
16th January, 1911.— Mr. Barker Not printed.
£3r. Return to an order of the Senate dated 4th May. 1910, calling for the following infor-
mation : —
1. Were tenders asked for, in 1908 and 1909, for the purchase of railway sleepers
for the use of the Intercolonial railway, and were contracts awarded to the lowest
tenderer?
2. Who had these contracts, and what is the name of each tendered, and also the
amount of each tender?
3. Did the Department of Railways and Canals, in 1908 and 1909, award any con-
tracts ■whatsoever for the purchase of the said sleepers and what price was paid to
each contractor, and who had these contracts?
4. In 1908 and 1909, did the Department of Railways and Canals ask for tenders for
the purchase of sleepers made of spruce, white, gray and yellow, as well as of birch,
ash, poplar, &c.?
5. What quantity of these sleepers, for each kind of wood, was accepted and paid
for in 1S08 and 1909, and does the department propose to continue the system of pur-
chasing these kinds of wood?
6. Who bought these sleepers of spruce, birch, ash, poplar, &c., and who gave the
orders to receive these kinds of sleepers, and who received them and stamped them
for the Intercolonial railway?
7. In 1909, did the department ask for tenders for sleeyers of cedar, Cyprus and
hemlock? If so, who had these contracts and were these contracts granted to the
lowest bidders, and what quantities were actually furnished by each contractor?
8. What quantity of sleepers has been furnished up to this date —
(o) by the contractors for New Brunswick ; and
(b) by the contractors for Nova Scotia and for the province of Quebec, respec-
tively?
9. Did the government by order in council authorize Me«-=rs. Pottinger, Burpee
or Taylor of Moncton, to purchase sleepers of spruce of nil kinds and dimensions,
and to cause these kinds of sleepers to be distributed in the district of Quebec, and
notably in the district of River du Loup and Isle Verte?
10. What price did the department pay for the sleepers of spruce, hemlock, cedar,
birch and poplar, &c.? Who is the contractor therefor? Who received and inspected
the said sleepers?
11. Does the department know that these sleepers are absolutely unfit to be used
in a railway, and that these sleepers are at the present time distributed along the
Intercolonial railway to be used upon the main track?
31
1-2 George V. Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1911
CONTENTS OF VOLUME 23— Continued.
12. How muck a carload does the freight of sleepers sent from New Brunswick
cost in the district of Quebec? Presented 3rd February, 1911.— Hon. Mr. Landry.
Not printed.
84. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 11th January, 1911, for a return
showing the respective quantities of each of the staple varieties of fish landed by
Canadian Atlantic fisherTnen yearly, since 1870, and the respective yearly values
thereof. Presented ICth January, 1911. — Mr. Jameson Not printed.
85. Keturn to an order of the House of Commons, dated 7th December, 1910, for a copy of
all letters, telegrams, correspondence, resolutions, memorials, reports, and all other
papers in the possession of the government, not already brought down, regarding
otter, beaver, or steam trawling, and the operations of the trawlers Wren and
Coquette in the waters of the Northumberland strait, or elsewhere, in Nova Scotia.
Presented 16th January, 1911.— Mr. Chisholm (Ajitigonish) Not printed.
86. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 7th December, 1910, for a return
showing the revenue of the post offices of Acton Vale, Upton and St. Pie, in the
county of Bagot, province of Quebec, since the year 1903 up to 1910 inclusively. Pre-
sented 17th January, 1911. — Mr. Monk Not printed
86(1. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 16th January, 1911, for a copy of
all instructions or communications from the Department of Public Works or any
officer thereof, or the minister of public works, to the chief architect, or any other
architect, with respect to the preparation of plans for the construction of a post
office building at Parrsboro, Nova Scotia, and all other post office buildings or public
buildings to be iised wholly or in part by the Post Office Department, for which votes
have been passed during the period from 1st January, 1908, to 31st December, 1910
Presented 20th April, 1911.— Mr. 7?/iof?<'.? Not printed.
87. Return to an address of the Senate dated 22nd April, 1910, for : —
1. Copies of all orders in council or of every order of the Department of Justice
and of the Department of Public Works, and of all the correspondence exchanged
between the government, the Departments of Justice and Public Works, the Bank of
Montreal, the firm of Carrier & Laine, of Levis, and all oth^r persons, on the sub-
jects of —
(a) The acquisition by the government of the property of the firm of Carrier &
Laine, at the time of the sale thereof by the sheriff in 1908;
(b) the subsequent expropriation, for purposes of public utility, of the same
property, which had fallen into the hands of the bank of Montreal;
(c) its definite purchase from the Bank of Montreal by the government;
(d) the appointment of an agent to represent the government at the sale by the
'•heriff ;
(e) the appointment of experts for proceeding with the expropriation of the
lands in question ;
2. Copies of all reports submitted, directly or indirectly, to the government, or
in its possession, by the experts hereinbefore mentioned, or by the arbitrators to
whom the Bank of Montreal and the firm of Carrier & Lain4 had submitted their
differences, or by the various advocates or agents acting in the name and in the
interests of the government.
3. Copies of the various contracts entered into between La Banque du Peuple and
the People's Bank of Halifax in 1905, between the government and the bank of Mont-
real, in 1909, between the government and Mr. Ernest Cann, who had become the
32
1-2 George V. Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1911
CONTENTS OF VOLUME 23— Continued.
lessee of the government, for a period of thirty years, of the lands and buildings
formerly the property of Carrier & Laine.
i. Copies of all documents whatsoever and of a correspondence relating to the
various transactions aforesaid, and also a statement showing all the sums of money
paid by the government with respect to such transactions, with the names of the
persons to whom such suras were paid, and the amounts paid to each of them, and
for what particular object. Presented 11th January, 1911.— Hotj. Mr. Landry-
Not printed.
S7a. Supplementary return to an address of the Senate dated 22nd April, 1910, for: —
1. Copies of all orders in council or of every order of the department of justice
and of the department of public works, and of all the correspondence exchanged
between the government, the department of justice and public works, the bank ot
Montreal, the firm of Carrier & Laine, of Levis, and all other persons, on the sub-
ject of—
(a) The acquisition by the government of the property of the firm of Carrier &
Laine. at the time of the sale thereof by the sheriff in 1908;
(b) the subsequent expropriation, for purposes of public utility, of the same pro-
perty, which had fallen into the hands of the Bank of Montreal;
(c) its definite purchase from the bank of Montreal by the government;
(d) the appointment of an agent to represent the government at the sale by the
sheriff ;
(e) the appointment of experts for proceeding with the expropriation of the
lands in question;
2. Copies of all reports submitted, directly or indirectly, to the government, or
in its possession, by the experts hereinbefore mentioned, or by the arbitrators to
whom the bank of Montreal and the firm of Carrier & Laine had submitted their
differences, or by the various advocates or agents acting in the name and in the
interests of the government.
3. Copies of the various contracts entered into between La Banque du Peuple, and
the People's Bank of Halifax in 1905, between the government and the bank of Mont-
real, in 1909, between the government and Mr. Ernest Cann, who had become the
lessees of the government, for a period of thirty years, of the lands and buildings
formerly the property of Carrier & Laine.
4. Copies of all documents n^hatsoever and of all correspondence relating to the
various transactions aforesaid, and also a statement showing all the sums of money
paid by the government with respect to such transactions, with the names of the
persons to whom such sums were paid, and the amounts paid to each of them, and fvr
what particular object. Presented 18th January, 1911. — Hon. Mr. Landry.
Not Tprinicd.
S7l>. Further supplementary return to an address of the Senate dated 22nd April, 1910, fur
1. Copies of all orders in council or of every order of the Department of Justice
and of the Department of Public Works, and of all the correspondence exchanged
between tlje government, the Departments of Justice and Public Works, the Bank of
Montreal, the firm of Carrier & Laine, of Levis, and all other persons, on the ■sub-
jects of —
(a) The acquisition by the government of the property of the firm of Carrier i
Laine, at the time of the sale thereof by the sheriff in 1908 ;
(b) the subsequent expropriation, for purposes of public utility, of the same pro-
perty, which had fallen into the hands of the bank of Montreal;
(c) its definite purchase from the Bank of Montreal by the government ;
.•r8S7— 3 33
1-2 George V. Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1911
CONTENTS OF VOLUME 2Z— Continued.
(d) the appointment of an agent to represent the government at the sale by the
sheriff;
(e) the appointment of experts for proceeding with the expropriation of the
lands in question;
2. Copies of all reports submitted, directly or indirectly, to the government, or
in its possession, by the experts hereinbefore mentioned, or by the arbitrators to
whom the Bank of Montreal and the firm of Carrier & Laine had submitted their
differences, or by the various advocates or agents acting in the name and in the
interests of the government.
3. Copies of the various contracts entered into between La Banque du Peuple and
the People's Bank of Halifax in 1905, between the government and the Bank of Mont-
real in 1909, between the government and Mr. Ernest Cann, who had become the
lessee of the government, for a period of thirty years, of the lands and buildings
formerly the property of Carrier & Laine.
4. Copies of all documents whatsoever and of all correspondence relating to the
various transactions aforesaid, and also a statement showing all the sums of money
paid by the government with respect to such transactions, with the names of the per-
sons to whom such sums were paid, and the amounts paid to each of them, and for
what particular object. Presented 27th January, 1911.— Hon. Mr. Landry.
Not printed.
87c. Supplementary return to an address of the Senate dated 22nd April, 1910, for copies:—
1. Copies of all orders in council or of every order of the Department of Justice
and of the Department of Public Works; and of all the correspondence exchanged
between the government, the Departments of Justice and Public Works, the Bank of
Montreal, the firm of Carrier & Laine, of Levis, and all other persons, on the sub-
jects of —
(a) The acquisition by the government of the property of the firm of Carrier &
Lain^, at the time of the sale thereof by the sheriff in 1908;
(b) the subsequent expropriation, for purposes of public utility, of the same
property, which had fallen into the hands of the bank of Montreal;
(c) its definite purchase from the Bank of Montreal by the government;
(d) the appointment of an agent to represent the government at the sale by the
sheriff; ^
(e) the appointment of experts for proceeding with the expropriation of the
lands in question;
2. Copies of all reports submitted, directly or indirectly, to the government, or
in its possession, by the experts hereinbefore mentioned, or by the arbitrators to
whom the Bank of Montreal and the firm of Carrier & Laine had submitted their
differences, or by the various advocates or agents acting in the name and in the
interests of the government.
3. Copies of the various contracts entered into between La Banque du Peuple and
tKe People's Bank of Halifax in 1905, between the government and the Bank of Mont-
treal in 1909, between the government and Mr. Ernest Cann. who had become the
lessee of the government, for a period of thirty years, of the lands and buildings
formerly the property of Carrier & Lain^.
4. Copies of all documents whatsoever and of all correspondence relating to the
various transactions aforesaid, and also a statement showing all the sums of money
paid by the government with respect to such transactions, with the name of the per-
son9 to whom such sums were paid, and the amounts paid to each of thera, and for
what particular object. Presented 7th February, 1911.— Hon. Mr. Landry.
Not printed.
34
1-2 George V. Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1911
CONTENTS OF VOLUME 2Z— Continued.
87d Return to an order of the Senate dated 9th March, 1911, for a return of copy of the
contract entered into between the Bank of Montreal and the People's Bank of Halifax,
in 1905, in connection with the financial situation and with the obligations of the
firm of Carrier-Laine, a copy of which contract was handed over to the government
at the time of the financial transactions concluded between the Bank of Montreal
and the government in 1909. Presented 4th April, 1911.— Eon. Mr. Landry.
*■ Not printed.
88. Return to an address of the Senate dated 24th November, 1910, for copies of all orders
in council, memoranda or other correspondence respecting the resignation of the
present Lieutenant Governor of the province of Quebec, the apopintment of hia
successor, the application for leave of absence, and the appointment of an adminis-
trator during the absence from the country of His Honour Sir Pantaleon Pelletier.
Presented 11th January, 1911.— ffon. Mr. Landry Not printed.
88«. Return to an address of the Senate dated 8th February, 1911, for a copy of the order
in council extending, for a period of two months, the leave of absence already
obtained by Sir Pantaleon Pelletier, together with copy of all the correspondence on
the subject between the government. His Honour the Lieutenant Governor of the
province of Quebec, and the present administrator of the said province. Presented
14th February, 1911.— Ho». Mr. Landry Not printed.
89. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 16th January, 1911, for a copy of all
correspondence, letters, telegrams, reports and papers of every description between
the liquidators of the Charing Cross Bank or of A. W. Carpenter or anyone on their
behalf, and any member of the government, or official thereof, regarding the affairs
of the Atlantic, Quebec and Western railway, the Quebec Oriental railway, or the
new Canadian Company, limited. Presented 18th January. 1911. — Mr. Ames.
Not printed.
90. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 14th December, 1910, for a return
showing how many wireless telegraph stations are owned by the government where
are they located, the cost of each, and the revenue derived trom each; what stations
are leased, to whom they are leased, the amount of rental received each year and the
period covered by said lease. Presented 18th January, 1911. — Mr. .irmstrong.
Not printed.
91. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 15th March, 1910, for a return
showing the names of all persons who have been fined for breach of fisheries regula-
tions in the coast waters of the counties of Pictou and Cumberland, Nova Scotia, and
Westmorland, New Brunswick, during the years 1907, 1908 and 1909, together with a
full statement of the penalties inflicted, moneys collected, and fines or portion thereof
remitted, if any, in each case, and for a copy of all instructi.)ns issued, reports, cor-
respondence and documents relating in any manner thereto. Presented 18th
January, 1911.— 3fr. Rhodes.. Not printed.
91a. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 11th January, 1911, for a return
showing the names of all persons who have been fined for breach of fishery regula-
tions in the coast waters of Prince Edward Island since the year 1900 up to this date,,
together with a statement of the penalties inflicted, moneys collected, and fines or
portions thereof remitted, in each case; and for a copy of all instructions issued,
reports, correspondence and documents relating in any manner thereto. Presented
6th March, 1911.— .Wr. Fraser Not printed..
8887— 3i 35
1-2 George V. Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1911
CONTENTS OF VOLUME 2S—Conti7iued.
"92. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 16th January, 1911, for a copy of the
mailing list, and names of all parties to whom the Department of Labour mailed or
otherwise sent copies of the Labour Gazette during the year 1910, and of the names
of all correspondents that report to the department on labour topics for the purposes
of the Labour Gazette. Presented 18th January, 1911.— Mr. Currie (Siincoc).
Not printed.
93. Keturn to an order of the House of Commons, dated 7th Decimber, 1910, for a copy of
all correspondence and other papers and documents that have passed between the
government and any party or parties during the past year in connection with the
dredging of the Napanee river; also any instruction given by the minister in con-
nection therewith? Presented ISth January, 1911.— Mr. Wilson {Lennox and Adding-
ton).. Not printed.
93'i. Eeturn to an address of the House of Commons, dated 12th December, 1910, for a copy
of all correspondence, specifications, tenders, orders in council, and other papers
relating to a contract or contracts entered into by the Department of Public Works
for dredging in Miramichi Bay, New Brunswick, since the close of the la^t fiscal year.
Presented 13th February, 1911. Mr. Crocket Not printed.
93''- Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 23rd January, 1911, for a summary
report on the state of the dredging works executed in the River Des Prairies up to
tlie present time, making specially known the length, depth and width of the canal
dredged up to date, and the amount expended on this work. Presented 22nd March
1911.— Mr. Wilson (Laval) Not printed.
93c. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 23rd January, 1911, for a return
showing:— 1. A copy of the report of the engineer who made the survey and estimate
of the Back River or Riviere des Prairies, between the eastern end of the Island of
Montreal and the Lake of Two Mountains, in the province of Quebec, in view of the
dredging and deepening of said river.
2. Details of work and expenditure to date in connection with the said work.
3. Estimate of cost of work remaining to be done and especially of the part
between Bourde a Plouffe and the Lake of Two Mountains. Presented 22nd March,
1911.— Mr. Monk Not printed.
93'?. Iteturn to an order of the House of Commons, dated lltli January, 1911, for a return
showing during the seasons 1904, 1905, 1906, 1907, 1908, 1909 and 1910, what amounts
were paid to Messrs. Dussault & Lemieux, dredging contractors, for work done by the
hiternational, the government dredge, leased to the said contractors, as far as the
same can be ascertained. Presented 28th March, 1911.— Mr. Sharpe (Ontario).
Not printed.
94. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 5th December, 1910, for a return
showing the names and dates of first appointment of all lighthousekeepers, from
Quebec to the sea, in the river and Gulf of St. Lawrence; also their present salaries,
with an indication in each case of what they are obliged to provide for the lighthouse
or signal service, and the amount of indemnity granted them for such provision.
Also the rules or regulations which provide for the regular increase of their salaries.
Presented 19th January, 1911.— Mr. Monk Not printed
36
1-2 George V. Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1911
CONTENTS OF VOLUME 2'i— Concluded.
94o. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 26th January, 1911, for a return
giving the names of the lighthouse keepers on the St. Lawrence, between Quebec and
Montreal, since the 12th April. 1887, and what yearly salary has been paid them
respectively since that date. Presented 27th February, 1911.— M?-. Blondin.
Not printed.
95. Eeturn to an address of the House of Commons, dated 5th Uecomber, 1910, a copy of a
Report by Mr. W. T. R. Preston, Commissioner of Trade and Commerce in Holland re
the establishment of a Netherland loan company in Canada; of all communications
between the Departments of Trade and Commerce and any other department of the
government and Mr. Preston on the subject matter of this report; a copy of all cor-
respondence between Mr. Preston and any person or persons in Holland regarding
proposed operations of a Dutch Loan Company in Canada, and a copy of correspond-
ence or commiinications of any nature whatsoever between the government or the
department with any persons relating to this question. Presented 19th January,
1911.— Mr. Mo7ik Not printed.
95^'- Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 22nd November, 1909, for a copy
of all correspondence, petitions, reports written representations in the hands of the
government, or any department of the same, concerning the commercial or trade
mission to Japan of W T. R. Preston, as Canadian Trade Commissioner for Canada,
and of the reports of said commissioner, as well as all other reports and despatches
received by the government in connection with the execution of said mission. Pre-
sented 6th February, 1911.— Morjfc Not printed.
95?>- Supplementary return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 22nd November,
1909, for a copy of all correspondence, petitions, reports,- written representations in
the hands of the government, or any department of the same, concerning the com-
mercial or trade mission to Japan of W. T. R. Preston, as Canadian Trade Commis-
sioner for Canada, and of the reports of said commissioner, as well as all other reports
and dispatches received by the government in connection with the execution of said
mission. Presented 13th February, 1911.— Mr. Monk Not printed.
95c. Ueturn to an order of the House of Commons, dated 6th February, 1911, for a copy of
all correspondence between any department of the government and Mr. W. T. R.
Preston, Trade Commissioner in Holland, regarding the Netherlands Land Company,
since the date of the last resolution adopted by this House, calling for the same at
the present session; also a copy of the oflBcial document issued by the government
respecting the high regard in which western farm lands are held by some of the
principal loan and investment companies. Presented 23rd February, 1911.— Mr.
Monk Not printed.
CONTENTS OF VOLUME 24.
95d. Copy of the Trea^^y of Commerce and Navigation between Great Britain and Japan,
signed at London, 3rd April, 1911. Presented 20th April, 1911. by Hon. W. S. Fielding.
Printed for sessional papers.
95c. Papers with reference to treaty with Japan. Presented 17th May, 1911, by Hon. W. S.
Fielding Prin:ed for sessionid papers.
96. Return to an order of House of Commons, dated Uth January, 1911, for a copy of all
applications, reports, records, correspondence, &c., in connection with the entry or
cancellation proceedings in respect of the s.w. i section 10, township 38, range 15,
west 2nd meridian. Presented 19th January, 1911.— .Mr. Lake Not printed.
37
1-2 George V. Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1911
CONTENTS OF VOLUME 24^Continued.
96a. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 7th December, 1910, for a copy of
all applications, correspondence, and other documents in reference to sections 11, 12,
14,22, 24,28. 30,32, 34, and 36 in township 10, range 22, west of the 4th meridian.
Presented 1st February, 1911.— 3//-. Wallace Not printed.
96b. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 8th February, 1911, for a copy of
all letters, telegrams and correspondence between the Department of the Interior or
any of its officials and Mr. J. Krenzer, or their solicitor, or one Mr. Wolf, and of all
reports of the officials of the said department respecting the south half section 28,
township 27, range 18, west of the 2nd principal meridian, and also all correspond-
ence, letters and telegrams between the department and one Thomas Greenway or
bis brother respecting the said lands; and all correspondence between the department
and its officials respecting the said lands; and all papers, reports, correspondence and
documents put in the files of the department, since the tst of April, in relation to
the dispute between said Krenzer and said Greenway. Presented 22nd February,
\^\\.— Mr. Staples.. Not printed.
97. Minutes of conference held at Washington the 9th, 10th, 11th and 12th January, 1911, as
to the application of the award delivered on the 7th September, 1910, in the North
Atlantic coast fisheries arbitration to existing regulations of Canada and Newfound-
land. Presented 19th January, 1911. by Sir Allen Aylesworth.
Printed for both distribution and sessional papers.
97a. Copy of order in council approved by His Excellency the Governor General in Council
on the 21st January, 1911, relating to changes in the fishery regulations under section
54 of " The Fisheries Act," chapter 45 of the revised statutes of Canada, 1906, in con-
formity to the agreement made at the conference held at Washington, January, 191J
Also dspatch from Mr. Bryce to Lord Grey. Presented 25th January, 1911, by Hon.
L. P. Brodeur Printed for both distribution and sessional papers.
97b. (1) Copy of Hague Tribunal Award concerning Atlantic fisheries given 7th September,
1910;
(2) Extracts from the special fishery regulations for the province of Quebec;
(3) Protocol 30 containing statements of the acts of Newfoundland and
Canada objected to by the United States authorities.
On motion of Mr. Brodeur, it was ordered. That Rule 74 be suspended, and that
the foregoing papers in connection with the " Hague Tribunal Award,'' be printed
forthwith, and put under the same cover as the documents the printing of which
was ordered at the sitting of the House on the 2.5th January, 1911. Presented 27th
January, 1911, by Hon. L. P. Brodeur.
Printed for both distribution and sessional papers.
98. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 11th January, 1911, for a copy of
all memorials, petitions and requests received by the government since last session
advocating the enlargement of the Welland canal, as well as all memorials, petitions,
resolutions, &c., favouring the construction of the Montreal and Georgian Bay canal.
Presented 20th January, 1911. — Mr. Eodgins ] Not printed.
98-^'. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 11th January, 1911, for a copy of
the lease made between the government and the Canadian Light and Power Company
relating to the Beauharnois canal. Presented 20th January, 1911. — Mr. Lortie.
Not printed.
38
1-2 George V. Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1911
CONTENTS OF VOLUME 2^—ConU7iued.
98^. Return to aii order of the House of Commons, dated 23rd January, 1911, for a return
showing in detail: — 1. All sums paid by the ooncessionaires or grantees of the Beau-
harnois canal as rental or royalties upon the rights conveyed to them by the Crown
on the Beauharnois canal, or paid by their assigns in the enjoyment of the said
rights, since the concession.
2. Of all sums paid or expended by the government upon the said canal since the
date of the said concession.
3. Of all sums actually due the Crown by the grantees or assigns for the use of
the said canal or in connection therewith. Presented 7th February, 1911.— 3fr. Monk.
Not printed.
98c'. Supplementary return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 11th January, 1911,
for a copy of all memorials, petitions and requests received by the government since
last session advocating the enlargement of the Welland canal, as well as all
memorials, petitions, resolutions, &c., favouring the construction of the Montreal and
Georgian Bay canal. Presented 10th February. 1911.— Mr. Hodgins.. ..Not printed.
98d. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 1st February, 1911, for a copy of
all leases, agreements and contracts made with any person, persons, company or
corporations, granting by way of lease or otherwise, any water powers on or along
the Trent Valley canal; together with any correspondence in connection with same.
Presented 9th March, 1911. — Mr. Roche Not printed.
98t'. Return to an address of the House of Commons, dated 23rd January, 1911, for a copy
of all correspondence concerning the lease or alienation of the Beauharnois canal, of
all reports called for by the government and made concerning the said alienation by
experts, ofiBcers of the departments or others, of all orders in council respecting said
alienation and of the deed or deeds between the Crown and the concessionaires
embodying the said lease or alienation and respecting also any transfers of their
rights and privileges by the original grantees. Presented 14th March, 1911. — Mr.
MonJi Not printed.
99. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 12th December, 1910, for a state-
ment showing the amounts paid by the several government departments since let
January, 1908, to the following law firms, or to any member thereof, and what has
been in each case the nature of the service rendered; Messrs. Dandurand, Hibbard &
Company, Montreal; Stewart, Cox & McKenna, Montreal; Smith, Markay & Com
pany, Montreal; Hibbard, Boyer & Gosselin, Montreal. Presented 23rd January,
1911.— Mr. Rcid {GrenviUe).. Not printed.
100. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 14th December, 1910, for a return
showing the cost of the Senate of Canada for each year since the fiscal year 1896.
under the headings of number of senators, indemnity, travelling expenses, printing,
staff, and contingencies. Presented 23rd January, 1911. — Eon. Mr. Fo.<tter.
Not printed.
101. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 16th January, 1911, for a return
showing the names of the United States consuls or consular 'ifficers in the Dominion,
the districts over which each has consular authority, the scale of fees which is
exacted by them for certification of exports to the United States and the number of
certified lots of goods exported under certificate during the year 1910. Presented
24th January, 1911.— -Mr. Rhodes.. Not printed.
39
1-2 George V. Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1911
CONTENTS OF VOLUME 24r-Coniinued.
102. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 7tli Uecejiiber, 1910, for a copy of
all customs entries made at Vancouver, British Columbia, for goods entered free of
duty by each of the following parties during each of the years 19Q1, 1902, 1903, 190i,
1905, 1906, 1907, 1908, 1909 and 1910:— Robert Kelly, by himself, agent, or broker for
him; Kelly. Douglas & Company, or agent, or broker, 'or them; and by any or all
of the dejiartments of the Dominion government; also by any other person, firm or
firms, or broker, having been allowed to make free entry at Vancouver, British
Columbia, during above years, declared as for supply to the Dominion government.
Presented 21th January, 1911. — Mr. Barnard IVoi prinicd.
102". Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 23rd January, 1911, for a return
showing the average value for duty in 1896 and 1910, respectively, of the unit of each
article or commodity enumerated in the schedules of the Customs Act, on which an
ad valorem duty was payable together with the rate of duty, the amount on which
duty was paid, and the amount of duty paid for each year, with the to*^alp, respec-
tively. Presented 13th February, 1911.— H^on. Mr. Foster Not printed.
103. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 7th Decvmber, 1910, for a return
showing the names, respective ages, when appointed, and pay received, by the ses-
sional employees of the House of Commons. Presented 25th January. 1911.— Mr.
Sproule.. '. Not printed.
103'i. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 13th February, 1911, for a return
showing the names and addresses of all sessional employees of the House of Com-
mons, beginning with the session immediately subsequent to the elections of 1896, and
for each year succeeding, to and including the present session, their duties in each
case, their home addresses, their salaries, their transfers in each and every case to
either other appointments of the sessional staff or to permanent employment in any
department, the dates of each such appointment or transfer, upon whose recom-
mendation each such appointment was made, their dismissals, if any. and the reasons
therefor. Presented 28th March, 1911.— Mr. 5/iarpe (Ontario) Not printed.
104. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 5th December, 1910, for a return
showing the date of the opening and closing of parliament for each year from 1896
to 1910, and the number of days the House and Senate was in session for each of these
years. Presented 27th January, 1911.— Hor;. Mr. Foster Not printed.
105. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 23rd January, 1911, for a copy of
all letters, telegrams, correspondence, petitions and communications referring in any
manner to the establishment or maintenance of the mail route from Athol post office
to South Athol, county of Cumberland. N.S Presented 27th January, 1911.— Mr.
Rhodes Not printed.
106. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 11th January, 1911, for a copy of
all correspondence, telegrams or memoranda had between this government, or any
member thereof, and the provincial government of Alberta and Saskatchewan, or
either of them, or any of their members, in reference to securing control by such
provincial governments of the lands, timber, water powers, coal and other minerals,
or any of the natural resources which exist within the respective boundaries of said
provinces. Presented 27th January, 1911.— Mr. Herron Not printed.
106(1. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 13th February, 1911, for copies
of any correspondence between the government of the DoTninion, or any member
thereof, and the provincial govoriiments of Alberta and Saskatchewan, or either of
40
1-2 George V. Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1911
CONTENTS OF VOLUME 2^— Continued.
them, or any of their members, in reference to securing control bj' such provincial
governments of the lands, timber, water powers, coal and other minerals, or any of
the natural resources which exist within the respective boundaries of said provinces,
other than school lands. Pre^^cnted 20th February, 1911.— Vr. Lake.. ..Not printed.
107. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 23rd January, 1911. for a copy of
all correspondence between the Minister of Justice and the Attorney General of Nova
Scotia in respect to the proposed change in the constitution of the Admiralty Court
for that province. Presented 30th January, 1911.— Mr. McKenzie Not printed.
108. Return to an address of the House of Commons, dated 5th December, 1910, for a copy
of the proclamation of the Governor in Council naming a day for the coming into
force of an Act intituled " An Act to amend the Railway Act, 1903," chapter 31 of
the Statutes of Canada of 1904 as provided for by Section 2 of that Act. Presented
30th January, 1911.— Mr. Lennox Not printed.
109. Return to an address of the House of Commons, dated Uth January, 1911, for a state-
ment giving a concise history of the negotiations in regard to reciprocal trade car-
ried on since 1900 between the governments of Canada and of the Australian Com-
monwealth, together with a copy of official telegrams upon the same subject
exchanged between the two governments, or between the official representatives
thereof, since the Imperial Conference of 1907. Presented ?lst January, 1911.
—Mr. Ames.. Not printed.
109a. Tarifi relations betrt-een the United States and the Dominion of Canada, 1911. Pre-
sented 1st February, 1911, by Hon. W. S. Fielding Not printed.
J 09b. Tarifi relations between the United States and the Dou.inion of Canada, correspond-
ence and statements, 1911. Presented 6th February, 1911, by Hon. W. S. Fielding.
Printed for both distribution end sessional papers.
109c. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 27th February, 1911. for a return
showing respectively, the total trade, the imports, the exports for each year from
1846 to 1876, both inclusive, between the British North American possessions, except
Newfoundland,- and the United Kingdom, the United States of America and other
countries respectively. Presented Uth March, 1911.— .Mr. Borden Not printed.
110. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 16th January, 1911, for a copy of
all correspondence between the Finance Department, or any of its officers ,or any mem-
bers of the government, and any persons or corporotions with leference to the incor-
poration of the Farmer's Bank, or to circumstances in connection therewith. Pre-
sented 1st February, 1911.— Hon. Mr. Foster Not printed.
110(1. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 23rd January, 1911, for a copy
of all correspondence between the government or any member thereof, or any official
of the Department of Finance, and any person or association, with reference to the
conduct and affairs of the Farmer's Bank since the date of it< organization. Pre-
sented 1-t February, 1911.- Hon. Mr. Foster Not printed.
110'^. Return <o an order of the House of Commons, dated 23rd January, 1011, for a copy of
the full report and finding of the curator of the Farmer's Bank, up to the time of
his appointment as liquidator of the same by the shareholders for the requisition of
which, authority is given to the Minister of Finance by Section 122 of the Bank Act.
Presented 1st February, 1911 —H"". Mr. Foster.
Printed for both di-:fril)ufii>;i and scssio\al papers.
41
1-2 George V. Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1911
CONTENTS OF VOLUME 2^— Continued.
110(. Return to an address of the House of Commons, dated 16th January, 1911, for a copy
of all applications, petitions, letters, telegrams and other documents and correspond-
ence, and all orders in council and certificates, relating to or connected with the
establishment of the Farmer's Bank of Canada and its operations. Presented 1st
February, 1911— Mr. Taylor (Leeds).
Printed for both distribution and sessional papers.
111. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 7th December, 1910, for a return
showing the total cost to date of wharves at North Bay, Burks Falls and Maganata-
wan, Ontario; the name, date of appointment and salary of wharfinger in each case;
the schedule of fees charged to public or others for use of wharf in each case; and a
detailed statement of receipts for each wharf for the years 1907, 1908, 1909, giving
name of party paying and for what. Presented 2nd February, 1911. — Mr. Arthurs.
Not printed.
112. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 23rd January, 1911, for a copy of
all correspondence since the 1st January, 1909, with the Department of Justice or any
officers of that department, making or supporting request for increase of pay to
employees of the penitentiary at New Westminster; and of r.11 reports or recommen-
dations in that connection made by any officer of the department. Also a copy of all
reports made during the period indicated, by the grand jury at New Westminster
with reference to the conditions at said penitentiary. Prese'iled 3rd February, 1911.
Mr. Taylor (New Westminster) Not printed.
113. Report of proceedings between the Farmers' Delegation and the Prime Minister and
members of the government held in the House of Commons chamber on the 16th
December, 1910, with corresponding preliminary to the meeting. Presented 6th
February, 1911, by Rt. Hon. Sir Wilfrid Laurier.
Printed for both distribution and sessional papers.
113'(. Report of proceedings of the deputation of fruit and vegetable growers and the Prime
Minister and members of the government held in the House of Commons on the tenth
Febinary instant. Presented 21st February, 1911, by Et. Hon. Sir Wilfrid Laurier.
Printed for both distribution and sessional papers.
113b. Memorandum presented by the meat packers of Ontario and Quebec at a meeting
held with members of the government on Monday, February 13, 1911. Presented 21st
February, 1911, by Rt. Hon. Sir Wilfrid Laurier.
Printed for both distribution and sessional papers.
114. Return to an address of the Senate dated 12th January, 1911, for a copy of the order
in council appointing His Honour Judge Jette, administrator of the province of
Quebec during the absence of Sir Pantaleon Pelletier, as well as a copy of any
instruction whatsoever in connection with such appointment. Presented 19th Jan-
uary, 1911.— Hon. Mr. Landry Not printed.
115. Rtturu to an address of the Senate dated 17th January, 1911, calling for dates of pub-
lication and distribution to members of parliament of the English and French
editions of the debates of the Senate and of the House of Commons from the year
1900 to date. Presented 25th January, 1911.— Hon. Mr. Landry Not printed.
115o- Return to an order of the Senate dated 17th January, 1911. for a copy of a return
showing, year by year, from 1900, up to the pre-ent day, the date of the publication
and distribution to members of parliament: —
1. Of the English edition of the Journals of the Senate.
42
1-2 George V. Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1911
CONTENTS OF VOLUME 2^— Continued.
2. Of the French edition of the same.
3. Of the English edition of the Journals of the House of Commons.
4. Of the French edition of the same. Presented 14th February, 1911.— Hon. Mr.
Landry .\of printed.
115b. Return to an order of the Senate dated 17th January, 1911, for a copy of a return
showing, year by year, from 1900, up to the present day, the date of the publication
and distribution to members of parliament: —
1. Of the English edition of the Jounrnals of the Senate.
2. Of the French edition of the same.
3. Of the English edition of the Journals of the House of Commons.
4. Of the French edition of the same. Presented 14th February, 1911.— Hon. Mj-
Landiy Not printed.
116. Return to an address of the Senate dated 17th January, 1911, for a statement of the
number of applications for and number of divorces granted by the parliament of
Canada from 1894 to 1910 inclusive. Presented 24th January, 1911.— Hon. Mr.
McSweeny.. Not printed.
117. Return to an addre-s of the Senate dated 22ud Ap.il, 1910, showing the expenses
incurred, and the date of each of the payments made by the government for the
electric installation in each of the rooms of the immigration officer at tjuebec during
the years 1908 and 1909. Presented 31st January, 1911.— Hon. Mr. Landry.
1911.— Mr. Lennox Not printed.
118. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 16th Januarv, 1911, for a return
showing what amount the government paid Mr. F. H. Chrysler, K.C., for profes-
sional services between May, 1896, and 31st March, 1909, and what amount during the
financial year ending 31st March, 1910; what amount since 31st March, 1910; what
amount is now due by the government to Mr. Chrysler; and in what transactions or
cases Mr. Chrysler is now engaged in for the government. Presented 6t.h February.
1911.— Mr. Blain Not printed.
119. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 25th January. 1911, for a state-
ment showing: —
1. How much wheat was exported from Canada for the crop years ending 31st
August, 1908, 1909 and 1910.
2. How much wheat was exported from Canada through United States ports dui'-
ing 1908, 1909 and 1910, naming said ports, and amount exported from each port.
3. How many terminal grain elevators are there at Port Arthur and Fort Wil-
liam, and what is the name of each.
4. How much grain was shipped through each elevator at Port Arthur and Fort
William during each year 1908, 1909 and 1910, and what are the names of the elevators
respectively.
5. How much wheat was exported from Canada during each crop year 1908, 1909
and 1910, not passing through the terminal elevators at Port Arthur and Fort
William.
6. How many men are employed by the government in connection with the
terminal elevators at Port Arthur and Fort William, and what is the total salary
paid the men per year Presented 7th February, 1911.— .Vr. Schaffner.
Printed for sessional papers.
3 20. Return to an order of the House of Common*, dated 18th January, 1911, for a return
showing how many appointments have been made by the government from the con-
43
i--2 George V. Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1911
CONTENTS OF VOLUME 2A—Couthiyed.
125. Eeturn to an order of the Senate dated 18th January, 1911, showing —
1. In 1881, did a federal statute (47 Vict., ch. 78) confirm the legal existence of
the Qiaebec Bridge Company?
2. In 1901, did not another federal statute (1 Edward VII, ch. 81), give birth to
a company known as "The Quebec Terminal and Railway Company"?
3. In 1903, after having been, for two years, completely distinct from one an-
other, did not tlie two above-mentioned companies amalgamate, constituting a new
company, to which a federal statute (3 Edward VII, ch. 177) gave the name of "The
Quebec Bridge and Railway Company".?
4. Was it not during the same year 1903, that were signed between the Quebec
Fridge and Railway Company, the agreements which gave to the government the
power to substitute itself to the bridge company and to complete at a certain date
the colossal enterprise of the construction of a bridge over the St. Lawrence near
Quebec ?
5. Was not this substitution of the government to a private company confirmed
by federal legislation in 1908 at the time of the adoption by parliament of chapter
59 of 7-8 Edward VII?
6. Under the said legislation, has the government passed an order in council
enacting that it take hold of the whole of the undertaking, assets, properties and
concessions of the said Quebec Bridge and Railway Company?
7. When was this order in council passed?
8. What composes the whole of the undertaking, assets, propt»rties and conces-
sions of the said company mentioned in the laws?
9. Has any part of the said whole of the undertaking, assets, properties and con-
cessions of the company been transferred to the Grand Trunk Pacific Railway Com-
pany, or to the National Transcontinental Commission?
10. What was the part so transferred?
11. Does it comprise the bridge or some of the railway lines from the bridge and
ending at the city of Quebec or at some place on the line of the Canadian Pacific
railway, on the north, and of the Grand Trunk railway on the south of the river?
12. Are not the construction of the bridge and of the railway lines from the
bridge, north and south of the St. Lawrence river, under the exclusive jurisdiction
of the government who have kept the entire control thereof? Presented 14th Feb-
ruary, 1911.— Hon. Mr. Landrij.. Not printed.
125a. Return to an address of the Senate dated 22nd February, 1911, for a copy of the order
in council, dated 17th August, li;08, authorizing the transfer to the government of the
Quebec bridge, and of all the assets, franchises and privileges then the property of
the Quebec Bridge and Railway Company. Presented 8th March, 1911.— ffon. Mr.
Landry Not printed.
126. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 7th December, 1910, for a copy
of all papers, reports, valuations, plans, documents, contracts, advertisements, ten-
ders, offers, and letters, relating to the sale and disposition of the property purchased
by the government for a barracks site at Toronto, and recently sold by the govern-
ment, generally known as the Baby Farm or property; and more particularly, all
correspondence, valuations or opinions as to the value of the said property, and as
to the method of disposal thereof; and also a copy of advertisements, number uf
insertions, and names of papers in which same appeared, in the possession of the.
Department of Militia, or any other department of the government. Presented 10th
February, 1911. — Mr. Macdonell Not printed.
4:,
1-2 George V. Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1911
CONTENTS OF VOLUME 2^— Continued.
127. Eeturu to au order of the Senate dated 17th January, 1911, for a return showing, in
as many distinct columns: —
1. The names of all departments obliged by law to lay before parliament reports
of their annual operations.
2. The date fixed by law for the laying of the said reports before parl-ament.
3. The date on which the said reports have been laid for the fiscal year ending
31st March, 1910, stating whether it was the English or the French edition which was
so laid.
4. The date of the publication and distribution of the French edition of the said
reports.
5. The title of the reports which, up to the 15th January, 1911, nine months and
a half, after the fiscal year ending the 31st March, 1910, have not yet been published
in French.
6. The titles of the reports which, up to the 15th January, 1911, twenty-one months
and a half after the fiscal year ending the 31st March, ''909, have not yet been pub-
lished in French. Presented 16th February, 1911.— ffon. Mr. Landry.. . .Not printed.
128. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated ''6th January, 1911, for a return
showing the date of incorporation, a copy of the Act of incorporation, and any sub-
sequent amendments thereto, all petitions, correspondence, applications and other
papers or data asking for or relating to the grant of subsidy thereto, a copy of all
contracts for construction, the subsidies granted and the several payments of the
same, the dates of payment and the persons to whom cheques were issued therefor, a
copy of engineer's reports and certificates on which payment was authorized in each
case, the number of miles completed, the number now being operated, the number of
miles still to be finished, the total cost to date and the estimated cost of completion,
and the present condition of the road, in the case of the Atlantic, Quebec and
Western Railway Company, the Quebec and Oriental R. R. Company and the new
Canadian company. Also the shareholders, directors and officers of each of these
companies, the capital subscribed and paid up by each subscriber, the amounts pai'l
out each year to directors and officers as fees and salaries, the amount paid for pro-
motion or other expenses, in detail, for each of the above companies. In the case of
any mileage operated, the yearly revenues and working exi^enses. Presente<1 17th
February, 1911.— Son. Mr. Foster Not prhitcd.
128a. Supplementary return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 23rd January,
1911, for a return showing the date of incorporation, a copy of the Act of incorpor-
ation, and any subsequent amendments thereto, all petitions, correspondence, appli-
cations and other papers for data asking for or relating to the grant of subsidy
thereto, a copy of all contracts for construction, the subsidies granted and the
several payments of the same, the dates of payment and the persoas to whom cheques
were issued therefor, a copy of engineer's reports and certificates on which payment
was authorized in each case, the number of miles completed, the number now being
operated, the number of miles still to be finished, the total cost to date and the esti-
mated cost of completion, and the present condition of the road, in the case of the
Atlantic, Quebec and Western Railway Company, the Quebec and Oriental R. R.
Company and the new Canadian company. Also the shareholders, directors and
officers of each of these companies, the capital subscribed and paid up by each sub-
scriber, the amounts paid out each year to directors and officers as fees and salaries,
the amount paid for promotion or other expenses, in detail, for each of the above
expenses. In the case of any mileage operated, the yearly revenues and working
expenses. Presented 17th March, 1911.— Hon. Mr. Foster Not printed.
46
1-2 George V. Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1911
CONTENTS OF VOLUME 24.— Continued.
128b. Further supplementary return to an order of the House of Coniinon?, dated 23rd
January, 1911, for a return showing the date of incorporation, a copy of the Act of
incorporation, and any subsequent amendments thereto, all petitions, correspond-
ence, applications and other papers or data asking for or relating to the grant of
subsidy thereto, a copy of all contracts for construction, the subsidies granted and
the several payments of the same, the dates of payment and the persons to whom
cheques were issued therefor, a copy of engineer's reports and certificates on which
payment was authorized in each case, the number of miles completed, the number
now being ope -ated, the number of miles still to be finished, the total cost to date and
the estimated cost of completion, and the present condition of the road, in the case
of the Atlantic, Quebec and Western Railway Company, the Quebec and Oriental R.
R. Company, and the new Canadian company. Also the shareholders, directors and
officers of each of these companies, the capital subscribed and paid up by each sub-
scriber, the amounts paid out each year to directors and officers as fees and salaries,
the amount paid for promotion or other expenses, in detail, for each of the above
companies. In the case of any mileage operated, the yearly revenues and working
expenses. Presented 28th March, 1911.— Hon. Mr. Foster Not printed.
129. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 19th January. 1910, for a return
showing in the construction of drill halls or armouries, or the leasing of sites for
camps of instruction, in how many and what instances municipalities, regiments, or
individuals, have contributed to the cost of the same in the way of concessions, sites,
or moneys, and the amount in each case since 1904. Presented 20th February, 1911. -
Mr. Worthington Not printed.
130. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 23rd January, 1911, for a copy of
all correspondence with the Department of the Interior or any officer thereof in
regard to half-breed scrips numbers A. 8931 and A. 9970 issued to Joseph William Mal-
boeuf, together with a copy of all documents in any way relating to the said scrips.
Presented 20th February, 1911.— Mr. Martin (Regina) Not printed.
130a. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated IS'-h January, 1911, for a copy
of all corrspondence, reports, letters, telegrams and other documents, exchanged
between the Right Reverend George Holmes, D.D., of Lesser Slave Lake, or anyone
on his behalf, and the Minister of the Interior, or any official or temporary employee
of the government, in reference to the issue or application of half-breed scrip. Pre-
sented 22nd February, 1911.— Mr. ilmes Not printed.
131. Return to an order of the Senate dated 9th February, 1911, for a return showing the
importations by the Dominion from the United States in the year 1910 of the follow-
ing commodities: —
1. Beef and live cattle. 2. Sheep. 3. Poultry, i. Ham. 5. Pork. 6. Bacon, 7.
Flour. 8. Wheat. 9. Barley.
With the value of the different articles.
Showing also the e.xportations from the Dominion to the United States of the
corresponding pre ducts with their relative value. Presented 22nd February, 1911. —
Hon. Mr. Macdonald (B.C.) Pri)it'?d for sessional papers.
131a. Return to an order of the Senate dated 10th Februry, ]911, for a return showing in
as many distinct columns, for the last five years, wi*h an additional column contain-
ing the average thereof: —
I. The qualitv and value of each of the following products.—
47
1-2 George V. Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1911
CONTENTS OF VOLUME 24r— Continued.
I. Live stock. 2. Pork and bacon. 3. Potatoes. 4. Eggs. 5. Butter. 6. Cheese.
7. Maple sugar. 8. Fruit. 9. Garden products. 10. Hay. 11. Wheat. 12. Flour. 13.
Oats. It. Other natural products. 15. Agricultural implements.
Of Canadian origin exported to: — («) the United States; (h) the Engli;.h market;
(c) other countries.
II. The quantity and quality of the same articles, together with the amount of
duty collected on each of them for consumption and imported from : — (a) the United
States; (b) the British Isles; {(■) other countries. Presented 14th March, 1911.— Hon.
Mr. Landry Not printed.
132. Return to on order of the House of Commons, dated 23rd January, 1911, for a copy of
all correspondence between the Department of the Interior, or any of its officers, and
any other persons, respecting the timber on the Fanny Louise Irwin homestead in
the District of Chilliwack, British Columbia, including any instructions to solicitors
to issue a writ in Exchequer Court for cancellatitn of timber rights not reserved in
Crown grant of the homestead. Presented 20th February, 1911.— M?\ Taylor {New
Westminster) Not printed.
133. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 18th January, 1911, for a return
showing the total acreage of school lands sold in the provinces of Alberta and Saskat-
chewan in each of the years 1906, 1907 and 1908, with the average prices realized, also
a statement of sales of such lands in each said province since 1st of January, 1909, to
date, giving the places at which each ?ale was held and date of sale; the description
of the land sold; the upset price at which it was offered and the price realized; and
the area of land in each township, in which these school lands are located, that was
under ciiltivation at the time it was decided to sell the 'cliool lands therein. Pre-
sented 20th February, 1911.— Mr. McCarthy.. Not printed
134. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated loth December, 1909, for a copy of
all papers, letters, telegrams, documents, petitions, reports and correspondence with
reference to, or in any way concerning the appointment of a government weigher at
Montreal. Presented 20th February, 1911.— Mr. Armstrong Not printed.
135. Supplementary return to an order of the House of Commons, dat^d 28th February, 1910,
for a return showing the number of persons in the employ of each department of
the government during the year 1909 under the following heads: (o) civil service
employees at Ottawa; (b) civil service employees outside of Ottawa; (c) in stated
and regular employ, but not under the Civil Service Act, giving the distinctive ser-
vice of each group; (d) those in temporary or casual employment, giving the dis-
tinctive work of each group, and also showing the total amount paid under each head.
Presented 20th February, 1911.— Hoji. Mr. Foster Not printed.
136. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 30th January, 1911, for a return
showing the total quantity of coal delivered to ship at Pic*^ou, in each year durin;j;
which the SS. Stanley has been engaged in the winter service between Prince Edward
Island and Nova Scotia, and the cost thereof.
Also, statements showing the total cost of putting coal aboard; the quantity .)f
freight handled at Pictou, and the total cost of handling such freight. Presented
21st February, 1911.— Mr. Stanfield Not printed.
136«. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 30th January. 1911, for a return
showing the total quantity of coal delivered to ship at Pintoti, in each year during
which the SS. Earl Orey has been engaged in the winter service between Prince
Edward I-land and Nova Scotia, and the cost thereof.
48
1-2 George V. Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1911
CONTENTS OF VOLUME 2^— Continued.
Also, statemeuts showing the total cost of putting coal aboard; the quautity of
freight handled at Pictou, and the total cost of handling such freight. Presented
21st February, 1911.— Mr. Stanfield Not printed.
136b. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 30th January, 1911, for a returji
showing the total quantity of coal delivered to ship at Pictou, in each j'ear during
which the SS. Stanley has been engaged in the winter service between Prince Edward
Island and Nova Scotia, and the cost thereof.
Also, statments showing the total cost of putting coal aboard; the quantity of
freight handled at Pictou, and the total cost of handling such freight. Presented
21st February, 1911.— Mr. Stanfield Not printed.
137. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 6th February, 1911, for a copy of
the last advertisement for tenders, and the specification and contract or proposed
contract for the erection of the Quebec bridge. Presented 21st February, 1911. — Mr.
Lennox.. Not printed.
137 '• IJeturn to an address of the House of Commons, dated 5th December, 1910: —
1. For a return showing the contract between the Qaeboc Bridge and Railway
Company and M. P. Davis, dated July 27, 1903, providing for the construction of the
lines of railway connecting the Quebec bridge with the city of Quebec and with cer-
tain other railways, the tender upon which the contract was based, and the estimated
cost art the time of the contract based upon the scheduled quantities and prices.
2. The agreement transferring this undertaking to the government, and of all
correspondence and documents in connection therewith and of the order in council
of 16tk February, 1909, transferring it to the commissioners of the Transcontinental
railway.
3. And stating the mileage of the lines of railway embraced in this contract.
4. The sums paid on account by the Quebec Bridge and Railway Company, and
the purposes for which it was paid.
5. The amount owing or claimed by the contractor for work done or material
supplied up to the time the undertaking was taken over by the government, and the
date of taking it over, the amount paid or undertaken to be paid by the government
to the company or its members, the estimated amount at that time required to com-
plete the work, the amount the government or commissioners have &ince paid and the
estimated amount yet to be paid.
6. And setting forth the reasons for taking the undertaking out of the hands of
the Bridge and Railway Company and for transferring it to the commissioners.
7. Any other sums paid, allowed or assumed for or on account of this company
or its members, and the account on which paid, allowed or assumed. Presented 28th
March, 1911.— Mr. Lenno.T Not printed.
137''- Return to an address of the House of Commons, dated 6th March, 1911, for a copy of
the order in council appointing, or providing for the appointment of, the engineers
to prepare and determine upon plans ond specifications, and superintend the con-
struction of the Quebec bridge, and of all instructions, correspondence, writings and
documents, in connection with these appointments, including the two additional engi-
neers; and also a copy of any sul>sequent orders in council, or any instructions, cor-
respondence, &c., relating to the refusal of any of the engineers to act, or continue
in ofiBce, or the retirement, or substitutions of engineers. Presented 12th April, 1911.
—Mr. Lcnno.r Not printed.
137' . Return to an order of the Hou^e of Commons, dated 10th April, 1911, for a copy of all
correspondence between the Department of Labour and various labour organizations,
S887— 4 49
1-2 George V. Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1911
CONTENTS OF VOLXTME 24r-Continued.
or their oflScers, in connection with the Quebec bridge. Presented 20th April, 1911. —
Mr. Ames Not printed.
137 d. Eeturn to an order of the Senate dated 24th November, 1910, calling for a copy of
all correspondence between the government, some of its members or employees, and
the engineers opjxtinted to prepare the plans of the new bridge to replace the one
which collapsed at Quebec in the year 1907. Presented 20th April, 1911. — Hon. Mr.
Landry Not printed.
138. Report of the Ottawa Improvement Commission for the fiscal year ending 31st March,
1910, &c. Presented 21st February, 1911, by Hon. W. S. Fielding Not printed.
139. Fourth Joint Report of the Commissioners for the demarcation of the meridian of the
141st degree of west longitude (Alaskan boundary) appointed in virtue of the first
article of the convention between Great Britain and the United States, signed at
Washington on the 21st April, 1906. Presented 21st February, 1911. by Rt. Hon. Sir
Wilfrid Laurier Printed jor sessional pape^n^.
140. A return to an address of the Senate dated 20th January, 1911, calling for copies of all
orders in council and ordinances, and of all correspondence exchanged between the
parties interested in the subject: —
1. Of the lease, before 1896, to Mr. Georges Tanguay of a military property belong-
ing to the government and situated on des Ramparts street at Quebec.
2. Of the requests made by other persons at that time, to purchase or lease the
property in question.
3. Of the sale of the same property to the same Georges Tanguay. agreed to by
the present government about 1897. Presented 21st February, 1911.— Hon. Mr. Landry.
Not printed.
141. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 7th December, 1910, for a state-
ment showing the disposition made by the government during the past year of the
following: — public lands, timber limits, mineral areas, water-powers and fishing
rights. Prefented 22nd February, 1911.*— Mr. Sharpe {Lisgar) Not printed.
141a. Supplementary return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 7th December,
1910, for a statement showing the disposition made by the government during the
past year of the following: — public lands, timber limits, mineral areas, water-powers
and fishing rights. Presented 19th May. 1911.— Mr. Sharpe (Lisgar).. ..Not printed.
142. Return to an order of the H'ouse of Commons, dated 11th .January, 1911, for a return
showing the concessions granted to Canada by British countries, the products of
which may be imposed inio Canada under the preferential tariff. Presented 23rd
February, 1911.— Mr. Ames Not printed'.
143. Order in council, correspondence, &c., in respect to a resolution of the Legislative
Assembly of the province of Saskatchewan, declaring it desirable that the parliament
of Canada should create out of the public domain within the province, a suitable
land grant for the University of Saskatchewan. Presented 23rd February, 1911, by
Rt. Hon. Sir Wilfrid Laurier Not printed.
144. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 23rd January, 1911, for a return
showing:— 1. All grants, leases, licenses, and concessions given to individuals or cor-
porations of water power rights or privileges on the Winnipeg river at present ia
force. 2. The names and descriptions of such power sites. 3. The terms and con-
ditions upon which they are respectively held. 4. The dates upon which these powers
50
1-2 George V. Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1911
CONTENTS OF VOLUME 24:— Continued.
or privileges were respectively given. 5. What constitutes forfeiture. 6. What
grants, leases or licenses have been forfeited. 7. The general rules and regula/tions,
if any, applying to the giving and holding of the water-powers on this river. 8. The
amount of development effected by the grantees or lessees respectively. 9. What title
or interest the Dominion claims in the running water, the bed of the river, and the
banks thereof. Presented 24th February, 1911.— Mr Haggart (Winnipeg).
iVof printed.
145. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 5th December, 1910, for a return
showing the total number of accidents on railways in Canada since 1st April. 1909,
and up to date; the number of fatal accidents; the number on each railway, and tho
causes of the same. Also, the number of accidents on construction work, fatal or
otherwise, on the Canadian Northern and the Grand Trunk Pacific railways, and the
causes of the same. Presented 24th February, 1911.— Mr. Smith {Nanaimo).
Not printed.
146. Return to an order of the Senate dated 24th January, 1911, showing, year by year,
from 1st July, 1896, up to date, the amounts paid to Mr. J. B. Lalibert^, of Quebec,
merchant, by each of the departments of the government of this country. Presented
24th February, 1911.— Horj. Mr. Landry.. Not printed.
147. Return to an order of the Senate dated 25th January. 1911, for the production of a
statement showing, year by year, from the 1st July, 1896, up to this date, the sums of
money paid to the newspaper, the Daily Telegraph, of Quebec, by each of the different
departments of the government of this country. Presented 24th February. 1911. — Hon.
Mr. Landry.. Not printed.
148. Return to an order of the Senate dated 26th January, 1911, for a return showing, year
by year, since 1st July, 1896, up to date, the amounts paid to Mr. Louis Letourueau,
of Quebec, or to the Quebec Preserving Company, by each of the departments of the
government of this country. Presented 24th February, 1911. — Eon. Mr. Landry.
Not printed.
149. Return to an order of the Senate dated 27th January, 1911, tor the production of a
return showing, year by year, from the 1st of July. 1896, to this date, the sums jf
money paid to Messrs. Samson and Filion, of Quebec, merchants, by each of the
different departments of the government of this country. Presented 24th February,
1911.— Hon. Mr. Landry Not printed
150. Return to an order of the Senate dated 27th January, 1911, for the production of a
return showing, year by year, from the 1st July, 1896, to this date, the sums of
money paid to Mr. C. E. Taschereau, of Quebec, notary, by each of the different
departments of the government of this country. Presented 24th February, 1911.—
Hon. Mr. Landry Not printed.
151. Return to an order of the Senate dated 27th January, 1911, for the production of a
return showing, year by year, from the 1st July, 1896, to this date, the sums of
money paid to Mr. George Tanguay, of Quebec, by each of the different departments
of the government of this country. Presented 24th February, 1911.— Hon. Mr.
dry Not printed.
152. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 6th February, 1911, for a copy of
the curator's reports in the cases of all banks for which curators have been appointed.
Presented 27th February, 1911.— Hon. Mr. Foster Not printed
8887— 4i 51
1-i' George V. Alphabetical Index to Sessionnl Papers. A. 1911
CONTENTS OF VOLUME 2i— Continued.
152(7. Supplementary return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 6th February,
1911. for a copy of the curators' reports in the cases of all banks for which curators
have been appointed. Presented 2nd May, 1911.— Bon. Mr. Foster Not printed.
153. Return to an order of the House of Commons, da'-ed 2.3rd January, 1911, for a copy of
the by-laws, rules and regulations of the Canadian Bankers' Association as approved
by the Treasury Board and now in effect. Presented 27th February, 1911. — Hon. Mr.
Foster.. Printed for sessional papers.
154. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 30th January, 1911, for a return
showing the total amount of money that has been expended on the Seybold building
for alterations and repairs, or in installation of elevators, heating apparatus or"
other fi.Ktures, by the government during the term of the riresent lease, and also
under the former lease, when used for census purposes.
2. The particulars of expenditures and to whom were the several amounts paid.
Presented 6th March, 1911. — Mr. Goodeve Not printed.
155. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 20th February, 1911, for a copy if
all applications made by employees of the North Atlantic collieries for a conciliation
board within the past six months, and of all letters, telegrams, documents, state-
ments and other papers and documents touching the same, or having any relation
thereto, including all correspondence received by the government or any department
of the government from the said North Atlantic collieries or from the employees
thereof touching the matter aforesaid. Presented 27th February, 1911. — Mr. Maddin.
Not printed.
156. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 2nd February, 1911, for a return
showing the amount of money paid for provisions, supplies, repairs, work or any
other service for the year ending 31st March, 1910, to the following firms in the city i f
Kingston, respectively: Eliott Brothers, McKelvey & Birch, C. Livingstone & Bros.,
R. Crawford, James Redden & Co., R. Carson, and James Crawford. Presented 27th
February, 1911. — Mr. Edwards Not printed.
157. Orders in council, correspondence, &c., touching any proposal or Bill to erect dams, or
other similar works across the River St. Lawrence, or part of the said river, at or
near the Long Sault, or in the vicinity thereof. Presented 27th February, 1911, by
Rt. Hon. Sir Wilfrid Laurjer Printed for sessional papers.
157 ■ Partial return to an address of the House of Commons, dated 8th February. 1911, for
a copy of all correspondence, memoranda, reports, memorials, plans, orders in council,
treaties, conventions, agreements, documents and papers of every kind, touching any
proposal or Bill to erect dams or other similar works across the River St. Lawrence,
or part of the said river, at or near the Long Sault, or in the vicinity thereof; includ-
ing all statutes of the state of New York and the United States of America relatiii;.:
thereto, and all Bills now before the Congress of the United States of America touch-
ing the same, and all the prooedings upon all such Statutes and Bills. Presented 9th
March. 1911.— A/r. Borden Not printed.
.158. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 6th February, 1911, for a return
giving the names of all persons receiving fishery bounties, and the amount received
by each, at each of the following ports-.— Bauline, Little Lorraine, Main-d-Dieu and
Scaterie, in the county of Cape Breton, Nova Scotia. Presented 28th February, 1911.
—Mr. Maddin Not printed.
52
1-2 (ieorge V. Alpluilxtical Iihlcx to Sesr-ioiiiil Papers. A. Inn'
CONTENTS OF VOLUME 2A— Continued.
158((- Keturii to an order of the House of Commons, dated 16th April, 1911, fur a return
showing the names of all persons in the province of New Brunswick who have
received fishing bounties during the year ending 31st March, 1911, with the amount
received by each. Presented 2nd "May, 1911. — Mr. Daniel Xot printed.
139. Keturn to an order of the House of Commons, dated 20th January, 1911, for a copy cif
all reports, correspondence, and documents, not already brought down, including
report of survey made in 1909 of the harbour of Cape John and Tatamagouche Bav, in
the counties of Pictou and Colchester, in the province of Nova Scotia, relating to the
route of the winter steamers between Prince Edward Island and the mainland of
Canada, and suggesting or recommending a change or changes on such route, and an
increase in the number of trips daily of such winter steamers; also a copy of all
similar papers, not already brought down, relating to the route of the summer mail
steamers between Charlottetown and the mainland of Canada, and suggesting a
change in that route and an increase in the number of trips daily; and also
with regard to connecting such suggested route with a point on the Intercoloniai
railway. Also for a copy of all similar papers, if any, relating to or suggesting the
route between Cape Traverse in Prince Edward Island and Cape Tormentine in the
mainland, as a route for the winter and summer steamers. Also for a copy of all
reports, papers and correspondence relating to additional or improved aids to navi-
gation of the harbour of Charlottetown and entrance thereto and in Tatamagouche
bay and harbour. Presented 6th March, 1911.— Mr. Warbui-ion Xot printed.
160. Return to an address of the House of Commons, dated 20th February, 1911, for a copy
of all correspondence, recommendations, orders in council, or nther documents relat-
ing to the case of R. E. Curran, a railway mail clerk, who was fatally injured in an
accident at Owen Sound, on the 29th May, 1908, and with regard to which application
was made for a compassionate grant or allowance to his heirs or family. Pre^Piited
7th March, 1911.— Mr. MacdouclL. Xof printed.
161. Return to an address of the House of Commons, dated 27th February, 1911, for a copy
of all orders in council, reports, correspondence, documents and papers touching the
dismissal of the sub-collector of customs at Mahone bay. Nova Scotia. Presented 13th
March, 1911.— Mr. Taylor (l.ccds) Xot printed.
162. Return to an order of the Hcuse of Commons, dated 2Uth I'eljruaiy, 1911, for a return
showing: — 1. The nature of the subsidy which has been granted to the Vancouver Dry
Dock Company.
2. The nature of payment of interest or of a {,'uarantee of siich sub~uly. Pre-
sented 13th March, 1911.— -Mr. Barnard.. Xot printed.
163. Iteturn to an order of the House of Commons, dated 6tli Miucli, 1911, for a copy of all
papers, reports of appraiser, letters and correspondence relating to the appraising
and passing the customs of the vessel Wanda, owned by one William E. Travers,
Toronto, on the 20th October, 1909. Piesented ^4th March, 1911.— -Mr. Sharpc
(Ontario) . . ..Xnt i>rintcd,
164. Stateiiieiit of the affairs of tlie British Canadian Loan ami Investment Company
(Limited) for the year ended 31st December, 1910.
Also, a list of the shareholders on 31st December, 1910, in lucordanee witli tliupTcr
57 of 39 Vicloria. Presented (Senate) 14th March. 19M, by th,' Hon. the Sl>eaktr.
Xot prititid
53
1-2 George V. Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1911
CONTENTS OF VOLUME 2^— Continued.
165. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 27tli February, 1911, for a return
showing : —
1. How many fisheries officers have been appointed in connection with the Ontario
fisheries service within the last year?
2. What are their names, their rank, and the limits territorially of the juris-
diction of each?
3. What is the salary of each, and what is the length of time or duration of such
appointments?
4. Do the duties of these officers in any, and in what cases duplicate the services
if similar officers appointed by the Ontario legislature?
5. Has anything been done,. and what, to prevent the duplication of this service?
6. What is the total revenue derived during the years 1909 and 1910 from fisheries
for the province of Ontario, and what was the total expenditure?
7. What will be the total expenditure for the year 1911?
8. Is any, and what, system followed in making appointments to this service as to
efficiency. Presented 17th March, 1911.— M?-. Porter Not printed.
165a. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 16th February, 1911, for a return
showing how many wardens for the protection of fisheries were appointed in Victoria
county, N.S., between July and December in the years 1906, 1907, 1909 and 1910.
2. Their names, length of service and amount paid to each. Presented 24th March,
1911.— Mr. Mat/din.. Not printed.
166. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 23rd January, 1911, for a copy of
all correspondence between the Post Office Department and any of the officials or other
persons, relative to making an allowance for the transportation of letter carriers on
the tramway system in New Westminster. Presented 17th March, 1911.— Mr. Taylor
■ {NeiD Westminster) Not printed.
167. Return to an address of the Senate dated 23rd February, 1911, for a copy of all the
documents relating to the case of cholera reported in November last as to the Russian
Said Godlieb, to the quarantining of this person, and to his detention until this date
on Grosse Isle, with a history of the case, day by day, up to this date. Presented'
16th March, 1911.— Hon. Mr. Landry Not printed.
168. Return to an address of the Senate dated 17th January. 1911, for a statement of th i
number of divorces granted by the parliament of Canada since 1894 to 1910 inclusive,
together with the number of divorces granted by each of the courts of Nova Scotia,
New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island, and British Columbia; also the population of
each of those provinces according to census of 1901; and the aggregate population of
Ontario, Quebec, Manitoba, and the Northwest Territories according to census in
1901. Presented 16th March, 1911.— Son. Mr. Power Not printed.
169. Return to an order of the Senate dated 17th February, 1911, for a return showing the
correspondence exchanged, the report made by the captain and the log kept by him
relating to the trip just made by the steamer Montcalm in the lower St. Lawrence,
the island of Anticosti and to the Bale des Sept Isles, &c. Presented 16th March,
19\l.— Hon. Mr. Landry Not printed
170. Return to an address of the Senate dated 10th March, 1911, calling for a statement
showing: —
1. Who are among the judges of the Superior Court of the province of Quebec,
those whose place of residence is fixed by the commission appointing them, and what
is, for each of these judges, the place so fixed.
' 54
1-2 George V. Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1911
CONTENTS OF VOLUME 24:— Continued.
2. Who are the judges whose place of residence has been fixed or changed by
order in council, and what is for each of these judges, the place of residence now
fixed.
3. Who are the judges whose place of residence has never been fixed, neither in
the commission nor by any subsequeYit order in council, and what is the jiidiciary
district to which they were appointed. Presented 21st March, 1911. — Eon. Mr.
Landry » Not printed.
171. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 30th January, 1911, for a copy of
all advertisements, letters, contracts, complaints, reports of inspectors and other
correspondence regarding mail routes Trout creek to Loring pnd Powassan to Nipis-
sing or Restoule. Presented 24th March. 1911. — Mr. Arthurs Not printed
173. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 27th February, 1911, for a return
showing what ministers of the Crown were abroad in 1908, 1909 and 1910, on public
business and on what business; what expenses were incurred by each while engaged
on public business; what persons, if any, accompanied each minister on public busi-
ness whose expenses were paid by the government, and the amount of such persons
expenses. Presented 24th March, 1911. — Mr. Sharpe (Ontario) Not printed
173. Return to a order of the House of Commons, dated 27th February, 1911, for a return
showing the value, respectively, of the following products of the country, by prov-
inces, during the years 1909 and 1910, agricultural products of all kinds, including
field products of every kind, fruit, vegetables, live stock, &c., dairy products, &c.;
timber of all kinds; minerals of all kinds; fish of all kinds; and manufactured goods
of all kinds. Presented 24th March, 1911.— Mr. Macdonell Not printed.
174. Report of the Manitoba Fisheries Commission, 1910-11. Presented 24th March, 1911,
by Hon. L. P. Brodeur Not printed.
175. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 14th December, 1910, for a return
showing what amount has been paid by the government during the last fiscal year for
cab hire and street railway fares in the city of Ottawa for the following persons,
with the names and the amounts in each case : ministers of the Crown ; speaker of the
Senate and House of Commons; civil servants of all grades fiom deputy ministers
down ; all other persons employed in any government work or other service. Pre-
sented 27th March, 1911.— Mr. Taylor (Leeds) Not printed.
I75a. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 14th December, 1910, for a return
showing what amount has been paid by the government during the last fiscal year
for travelling expenses with the names and the expenditure 'n each case, under the
following heads, viz.: railway, steamship, and other lines of transportation; private
cars; Pullman cars; tips to waiters; meals and hotel expenses; for the following per-
sons: Ministers of the Crown; civil servants of all grades; immigration agents; and
other persons employed by the government on any special or other work. Presented
20th April, 1911.— Mr. Taylor (Leeds) Not printed.
175b. Supplementary return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 14th December,
1910, for a return showing what amount has been paid by the government during the
last fiscal year for travelling expenses with the names and the expenditure in each
case, under the following heads, viz. : railway, steamship, and other lines of trans-
portation; private cars; Pullman cars; tips to waiters; meals and hotel expenses, for
the following persons: Ministers of the Crown; civil servants of all grades; immigra-
tion agents; and other persons employed by the government on any special or other
york. Presented 20th July, 1911.— Mr. Taylor (Leeds) Not printed.
55
1-2 George V. Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1911
CONTENTS OF VOLUME 24:— Continued.
176. Papers referring tu the organization of a Secretariat, as follows:—!. Despatch to the
governors of the self-governing colonies relative to the reorganization of the Colonial
Office.
2. Note on a visit to Australia, New Zealand and Fiji in 1909, by Sir Cliarles
Lucas, K.C.M.G., C.B., assistant under secretary of state for the Colonies.
3. Report of the Dominions Department of the Colonial Office for the year 1909-
1910.
4. Imperial Copyright Conference, 1910, memorandum of the proceedings.
5. Further correspondence relating to the Imperial Conference.
6. Correspondence relating to th Imprial Confrence, 1911. Presented, 28th
March, 1911, by Rt. Hon. Sir Wilfrid Laurier Not printed.
177. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 20th February, 191]. for a copy of
the application by or on behalf of the Glace Bay Bait Association, Glace Bay, N.S.,
for moneys in connection with the cold storage building for the storage of bait, at
Glace Bay, N.S.; also a copy of all correspondence between the said association or any-
one on its behalf and the government, any department of the government, or anyone
on behalf of the government or any of its departments. Presented \ 'iSth Marchj^
1911. -Mr. Maddm Not printed.
177<(. Return to on order of the House of Commons, dated 3rd April, 1911, for a copy of
all the correspondence in connection wi\h the building of bait freezers at Louisburg^
and Lingan in the riding of South Cane Breton. Presented 20th April, 1911.— Mr.
Mackenzie Not printed.
178. Return to an address of the Senate dated 8th March, 1911, that an order of the Senate
do issue for the production of a copj^ of the complaint made by the commandant of
the 61st Regiment against the commandant cf the 7th Militaiy District, of the reply
of the latter and of all correspondence on the subject between the authorities at
Ottawa and those at Quebec and Montreal, together with a copy < f the report of the
Inspector General resi>ecting the case. Presented 28th March, 1911. — Hon. Mr^
Laitdnj Not printed.
179. Return to an order of tlie House of Commons, dated 16th March, 1911, for a return
showing the average prices of butter and of eggs in London, England, for the past
"five years in comparison with the prices, respectively, in eastern provinces, in Mont-
real, in Toronto, in Minneapolis, in Chicago, in Detroit, in B\ii?alo, in Boston and in
New York. Presented 30th March, 1911.— Mr. Sharpe (Ontario) Not printed.
179«. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 23rd March, 1911, for a return
showing the quantity and value of butter, eggs, poultry, chilled or frozen meat, bacon,
lard, apples, vegetables, wheat, barley, cattle, horses and potatoes imported into
Canada during the six months ending 1st March, 1911, the countries from whicli the
same were imported and the duty collected thereon. Presented 6th April, 1911.—
Mr. Middlebro Not printed.
I79b. Supplementary return to. an order of the House of Commons, dated 23rd March, 1911,
for a return showing the quantity and value of butter, eggs, poultry, chilled or
frozen meat, bacon, lard, apples, vegetables, wheat, barley, cattle, horses and potatoes
imported into Canada during the six months ending 1st Man-li. lilll, the cnuntiies
from which the same were imported and the duty collected Ihiieon. Presented 8th
May, 1911.— Mr. Middlebro Not printed.
180. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated Hth Dec^'iiber, 1910, for a return
showing the total payment-; made by the government to the Eclipse Manufactuiing
56
1-2 George V. Alpliabiitical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1911
CONTENTS OF VOLUME 2Z— Continued.
Company, Limited, for year 1909-10, and how these contracts were let; the total pay-
ments made by the government to the Office Specialty Manufacturing Company,
Limited, for year 1909-10, and how these contracts were let; the total payments made
by the government to Messrs. Ahearn & Soper for year 1909-10, and how these con-
tracts were let. Presented 3rd April, 1911.— .If r. Sharpe (Lintjar) Not printed.
181. Return to an order of the Senate dated 22nd February, 1911, for a copy of all orders
in council and of all orders issued by the Minister of the Interior giving, from time
to time, to the commissioner for the Northwest Territories, since his appointment as
such, the instructions which he is to follow in the exercise of his executive in so far
as concerns the government of the Northwest Territories. Presented 1th April, 1911.
Hon. Mr. Landry Not printed.
182. Return to an order of the Senate dated 16th March, 1911, calling for a copy of all cor-
respondence relating to the stranding in August, 1910, of the ship Manchester Engi-
neer near the Strait of Belle Isle, and of the investigation held with reference thereto
at Quebec during the month of September or October last. Presented 4th April, 1911.
— Hon. Mr. Landry Not printed.
183. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 15th February, 1911, for a return
showing all communications, telegrams, letters, petitions or plans relating to the
rifle range at Bear River, N.S., received since January, 1909.
2. From whom received and iipon what dates respectively? Presented 511i April, 1911.
— Mr. Jameson.. Not printed.
184. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 11th December, 1910. for a return
showing what total amount has been annually exjiended in oach province since 1880
by the Department of Public Works for harbours and rivers, together with the annual
totals of said expenditure for the whole of Canada; also that the Department of Pub-
lic Works prepare and lay upon the Table of this House with this Return a map for
each province, showing the location of all wharves, piers, breakwaters, &c., con-
structed or purchased by the federal government, and presently owned by the
Dominion of Canada. Presented 6th April, 1911. — Mr. .Imes Not printed.
185. Return to an order of the Senate dated 22nd February. 1911, for:—
1. Copies of all papers relating to the appointment of Martin Dickie to the com-
mand of the 76th Regiment of the counties of Colchester and Hants.
2. Copies of all papers relating to the recommendation of Major J. L. Barnhill
by Lieut. General Drury and others to the command of the said regiment.
3. Copies of all documents relating in any way to the reasons or causes why the
said Major Barnhill as the senior officer of said regiment should not have been
appointed to the command of the same.
4. Copies of all correspondence and other popers and documents relating to the
recent reorganization of the 78th Colchester, Hants and Piotou Regiment of " High-
landers." Presented 4th April, 1911.— Ho*?. Mr. Lougliced Not printed.
186. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 27th March, 1911, for a return
showing the mileage of railways owned, controlled or operat.^d in the United States
by the Grand Trunk, the Canadian Pacific and other Canadian railway companies.
2. Also the nuleage of railways owned, controlled or operatecl by the United States
railway corporations in Canada. Presented 10th April, 1911.— 3fr. Ruian.
Not printed.
187. Return to an order of the House of Comn.oiis. dated 3rd April, 1911. for a copy of all
correspondence, declarations, telegrams, mailing lists, and other documents relating
67
1-2 George V. Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1911
CONTENTS OF VOLUME 2^—Co7^tinued.
to an application asking for the granting of statutory postal privileges to a news-
paper published at New Glasgow, Nova Scotia, called the Guysborough Times. Pre-
sented 10th April, 1911.— Mr. Sinclair Not printed.
188. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 23rd January, 1911, for a copy of
all memorials, reports, correspondence and documents in the possession of the gov-
ernment, not already brought down, relating to a survey of a route for a tunnel
under the Straits of Northumberland between the province of Prince Edward Island
and the mainland of Canada, and also relating to the construction of such tunnel.
Presented 121h April, 1911.— Mr. Richards '. ..Not printed.
189. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 27th February, 1911, for a copy
of all enactments, regulations, documents, papers and information of every kind set-
ting forth or showing the systems or method by which the census is taken in the
United Kingdom, the. British Dominions and foreign countries, respectively; and
showing in what respect, if any, the principle, system or method adopted in the
United Kingdom, the British Dominions, and foreign countries differs from that pro-
posed for the approaching census in Canada. Presented 12th April, 1911.— Mr.
Borden Not printed.
189a. Forms of schedules, &c., in- connection with the census to be taken during the year
1911. Presented 21st April, 1911, by Hon. S. A. Fisher .-.Not printed.
189b. Supplementary return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 27th February,
1911, for a copy of all enactments, regulations, documents, papers and information of
every kind setting forth or showing the systems or method by which the census is
taken in the United Kingdom, the British Dominions and foreign countries, respect-
ively; and showing in what respect, if any, the principle, system or method adopted in
the United Kingdom, the British Dominions, and foreign countries differs from that
proposed for the approaching census in Canada. Presented 10th May, 1911.— Mr.
Borden .' Not printed.
190. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 6th February, 1911, for a return
showing:— 1. How many employees were connected with the Printing Bureau in 1896?
2. The names of those employees connected with the Printing Bureau who were
dismissed between 1896 and 1911, and the date of dismissal and the cause in each case?
3. The names of those emploj^ees, who resigned or died between the years 1896 and
1911, and the date of resignation or death in each case.
4. The names of those who have been appointed to positions in connection with
the Printing Bureau between 1896 and 1911, and the date of appointment in each case.
Presented 12th April, 1911.— Mr. Edwards Not printed.
191. Return to an address of the Senate dated 17th .Tanuary, 1911, for the production of a
copy of the agreements concluded between the government and the former proprietor
of the Stadacona farm at St. Felix du Cap Rouge, with reference to the purchase of
the said farm, and of operating the same in the future as an experimental farm, and
of all correspondence on these two matters. Presented 19th April, 1911.— Hon. Mr.
Landrij Not -printed.
192. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 27th March, 1911, for a copy of
all the correspondence, contracts, assignments and other documents with regard to
what is called the Percy Aylwin irrigation grant, granted to him under order in coun-
cil dated 1st September, 1908. Presented 8th May, 1911.— Mr. Campbell.. Not printed.
58
1-2 George V. Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1911
CONTENTS OF VOLUME 24^Contimied.
193. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 27th February, 1911, for a copy of
all letters, papers, telegrams, documents, vouchers and pay sheets, showing the
names of all persons who supplied materials or worked, and the prices and rates of
wages, and sums paid to each, in connection with the construction of a wharf at
Deep Brook, N.S. Presented 28th April, 1911.— Mr. Jameson Not printed.
194. Return to an address of the House of Commons, dated 10th April, 1911, for a copy of
all papers, documents, memoranda and correspondence relating to the parliament
site in the city of Winnipeg for the province of Manitoba, including the reservations
made in the Crown grants to the Hudson's Bay Company, and the purpose for which
the same were made, ind also a copy of the Dominion order in council, dated the
23rd January, 1872, and all subsequent orders in council and correspondence dealing
with the site for both provincial and Dominion purposes. Presented Ist May, 1911.
— Mr. Haggart (Winnipeg). Not printed.
194a. Supplementary return to an address of the House of Commons, dated 10th April, 1911,
for a copy of all papers, documents, memoranda and correspondence relating- to the
parliament site in the city of Winnipeg for the province of Manitoba, including the
reservations made in the Crown grants to the Hudson's Bay Company, and the pur-
pose for which the same were made, and also a copy of the Dominion order in coun-
cil, dated the 23rd January, 1872, and all subsequent orders in council and corres-
pondence dealing with the site for both provincial and Dominion purposes. Pre-
sented 20th July, ion. — Mr. Haggart (Winnipeg) Not printed.
195. Return to an address of the House of Commons, dated 23rd January, 1911, for a copy of
all orders in council, regulations and rules of the several depirtments of the govern-
mont respecting the participation by employees of the government in civic or muni-
cipal affairs, and especially with regard to their disability from serving in civic or
municipal councils; and all correspondence, documents and papers since the first day
of January, 1900, touching the operation of the said orders in council, rules and
regulations. Also a list of all employees of the government who have been elected
to or have served in city or -municipal councils during the said period from the first
day of January, 1900. up to the present time, including all those now so serving and
those who have been prevented by the government from serving. Presented 1st May,
1911.— Afr. Bor Jen Not printed.
195a. Supplementary return to an address of the House of Commons, dated 23rd January,
1911, for a copy of all orders in council, regulations and rules of the several depart-
ments of the government respecting the participation by employees of the govern-
ment in civic or municipal affairs, and especially with regard to their disability from
serving in civic or municipal councils; and all correspondence, documents and papers
since the first day of January, 1900, touching the operation of the said orders in coun-
cil, rules and regulations. Also a list of all employees of the government who have
been elected to or have served in city o.r municipal councils during the said period
from the first day of January. 1900, up to the present time, including all those now
so serving and those who have been prevented by the government from serving. Pre-
sented 3rd May, 1911.— Mr. Borden Not printed.
196. Return to an address to His Excellency the Governor General of the 3rd April, 1911.
for a copy of all orders in council, memoranda, papers and documents, relating tr
the transfer, or any negotiations concerning the transfer, of a charter known as thp
^lanitoba and South Eastern Railway Company. Presented 2nd May, 1911.— 3fr
McCarihtj Not prifited
59
■2 Cleor^o V. Alphabetical Tiidox to Scssi(jii:il Paper?. A. 1011
CONTENTS OF VOLUME 2A—Co„iinutn.
197. (ii'iieial rule and order of the Kxchequer Court of Canada in ivj^-ard to seal-. I'lt^-
sented 2nd May, 1911, by Hon. Charles Murphy -\()/ piinled.
198. Ivi'lurn to an order of the House of Commons, dated 18th January, 1911, foi- a return
.showing how many aliens there are in the service of the government of Can.ida who
are residing out of Canada, their names, nationality, the nature of the service, term
Cif service, residence, and salary.
2. The same information as to aliens now residing in Canada who have been in
tiiu service of the government of Canada for a period of three years or more, and
the date and length of service.
3. The same information in regard to aliens in the service cf the governnifiit of
any province or provinces of Canada. Presented 9th May, 1911. — Mr. Lcniin.r.
A lit jiriiilcd.
IC9. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 1st May, 1911, for a return giving
the names of the gentlemen appointed as judges by the present government of Can-
ada since they came into power in 1896, the residences of the.-e gentlemen at the time
of appointments, the positions to which they were respectively appointed, and in each
case where the appointee had a predecessor in the posit Idu, the time wliirh the I'osi-
tion was vacant. Presented 11th May, 1911.— Mr. Lennox.. Xot printed.
200. J\eturn to an order of the House of Commons, dated IGth January, 1911, for a copy of
all correspondence, telegiams, reports, contracts, papers and memorials in the pos-
session of the government relating to the establishment of a fast Atlantic service
between Canada and any other coui try; also with reference to an all red route, cable,
or telegraph service, betyeen Canada and any other country, within the past fifteen
years. Presented 16th May, 1911.— Me. /I ///(.sf/onf? Not printed
201. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 18th May, 1911, for copies of any
correspondence between the government of New Bjunswick, or any member or mem-
bers thereof, and tlie government of Canada, or any nicmber thereof, witli reference
to changing the Subsidy Act, 1910, with respect to a sub-idv lor a line of railway
from Grand Falls in the province of New lirunswick to the city of St. John in the
same province. Presented 19th May, 1911.— Mr. Carrcll Xot jyrinted.
202. Copy of report of Poard of Conciliation and 1 nveslij^atinn in the matter of the Western
Coal Operators' Association and its employees. Presented 19th July. 1911, by Hon.
W. L. Mackenzie King Xot printed.
203. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 23rd January, 1911, for a retuin—
1. Showing in tons the east-boimd and the west-bound traffic on the Intei eolimial
railway for the five years ending 30th June, 1910.
2. The miles of main trunk line and branches of the Intercolonial railway in
each province through which it i)asses, distinguishing the trunk line fioni the
brandies.
:!. Showing in tons th? west-bound traffic originating in each of the maritime pj-o-
vinces during the period of five years ending 30(h June. 1910. Presented 18th July,
1911.— Mr. iS'/jic/fl/r. . Xot printed.
204. ii'eturn to an order of the House of Commons, dated 13th Marcli, 1911, for a copy of all
corres[)ondence, telegrams, &c.. during the past twelve months between Mr. I]. J.
Walsh, C.K., and the Minister of Department of Railways and Canals in regard to
the Newmarket Canal. Presented 18th July, 1911.— .Mr. ]\'(iJlace Xot printed
60
1-2 Georgv' V. Alpluibetical Index to Sessioiuil Papers. A. litll
CONTENTS OF VOLUME 24:—Co,>chi<JeJ.
205. Ketuiu to ail order of the House of Coininoiis, dated 20th April, 1911, for a return
showing:— 1. The quantitj- of bituminous coal imported into Ontario transhipped into
other provinces in 1910.
2. The quantitv of bituminous coal imported into Ontario in 1910 imported by
the different railway companies.
3. The quantity aud value of slack coal imported into Ontario in 1910, what por-
tion of this slack coal was transhipped to other provinces, and what imported by
railway companies. Presented 18th July. 1911. -.Vr. MacdonclL. .. .-. ..Not printed.
206. Retuin to an order of the House of Commosn, dated 2Jth April, 1911, for a return
showing in detail the expenses incurred and paid for the Paris expi^sition in 1900,
as payments of tlie Colonial committee on account of space, &c., $87,C00, as shown in
the report of the Auditor General for 1899-1900, page D— 15. Presented 21st July,
1911._3/r. PtK/i/pf.. Not printed
207. Report of Mr. Justice Murphy, Royal Commissioner appointed to investigate alleged
Chinese frauds and opium smuggling on the Pacific coast. 1910-11, together with
copies of the evidence taken and exhibits produced before the said commissioner.
Presented 21st July. 1911, by Rt. Hon. Sir Wilfrid Laurier Not printed.
208. Minutes of Proceedings of the Imperial Conference, 1911. Presented 27th July, 1911,
by Rt. Hon. Sir Wilfrid Laiirier.
Printed for both distribution and sessioital papers.
208a. Despatches, Ac, relative to the simultaneous publication of memorandum of confer-
ence on the subject of the status of Dominion navies. Presented 27th July, 1911, by
Rt. Hon. Sir Wilfrid Laurier.
Printed for both distribution and .tesaionnl papers.
2085 and 208:. Memorandum of conferences between the British admiralty and represen-
tatives of the Dominions of Canada and Australia; and also, copy of a cable despatch
from Mr. Harc.urt to Lord Grey. Presented 28th July. 1911, by Rt. Hon. Sir Wil
frid Laurier Printed for both distribution and sessional papers
208d. Rep; rt of a Committee of the Imperial Conference convened to discuss defence (mili
tary;, of the War Office, Uth June and 17th June, 1911. Presented 28th July, 1911
by Hon. S. A. Fisher ..Printed for both distribution and sessional papers.
209. Memorandum respecting the printing of voters' li.sts. Presented 27th July. 1911, by
Rt. Hon. Sir Wilfrid Laurier Not printed.
210. Text of Pelagic Sealing Treaty signed at Washington. 7th July, 1911. Presented 27th
July, 1911, by Rt. Hon. Sir Wilfrid Laurier Printed for sessional paper-.
211. Interim rc-porr, Alberta and Saskatchewan Fisheries Commission, 1910. Presented 28th
July, 1911, by Hon. L. P. Brodeur Not printed.
61
1 GEORGE V. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 21b A. 1911
SI PPI.EMENT
TO TIIK
FORTY-THIRD ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DEPARTMENT OF MARINE AND
FISHERIES FOR THE FISCAL YEAR 1909-10.
REPORT OX ICE EOR.MATIOX
IN
THE ST. LAWRENCE RIVER
A REPORT ON THE INFLUENCE OF ICEBERGS ON THE TEMPERATURE OF THE
SEA AS SHOWN BY THE USE OF THE MICRO-THERMOMETER IN A
TRIP TO HUDSON STRAIT AND BAY IN JULY. 1910
H. T. BARNES, D.Sc, F.R.S.C,
Director of Ute riiysica! Luhnralories and Macdonald Professor of Pliysics
Mid'iU rnlversUi). Mojitreal.
i'in\Ti:h I!) ()i;i>i:i! of I'AULiamem
OTTAWA
PRINTED BY C. H. PARMELEP:, PRINTER TO THE KINGS MOST
EXCELLENT MA.IESTV
1911
N... -211)— 1911]
1 GEORGE V. SESSIONAl PAPER No. 21b A. 1911
Page.
l\(I)ort to Deputy Minister of Marine and Fisheries on Ice Form-
;iti(iii oil the St. Lawrence 5
SECTION I.
General meteorological conditions 7
JOxtracts from Mr. King's reports of observations on the St. Law-
rence river from on board the ice breakers Montcalm and Ladij
drey describing formation of different kinds of ice, viz.: — the
bntt\xre ice, frazil, anchor ice, slush and fixed ice 7
SKCTION II.
Mea.suroment of water temperature by means of a new marine
therTuometer 31
SECTION III.
Effect of the sun on general ice conditions. Absorption of the
sun's heat in the water 36
SECTION IV.
Influence of ice on the temperature of water 38
SECTION V.
On the rate of growth of surface ice 40
SECTION VI.
Some problems affecting the maintenance of an open channel
between Montreal and Quebec during the winter 47
Report on ' The Influence of Icebergs on the Temperature of the
Sea.' 50
DIAGRAMS, CHARTS AND ILLUSTRATIONS.
Figure No. 1. Effect of ship in warming the water.
Illustration. — Block of ice turned up on end.
Sliip waves from steamer Lady Grey.
Figui-r Xo. 2. Progress of ice breaking in Lake St. Peter.
3. Effect of Solar radiation on water temperature.
4. Ilise of water temperature.
•5. Kise of water temperature at Crane Island.
" 6. Temperature gradient Lake St. Peter.
7. Rate of growth of siirface ice.
8. pjffect of relative humidity on initial stages of ice form-
ation.
" 9. Region in which ice can form, &c.
10. Limiting thickness to which ice will grow corresponding
to different air and water temperatures.
11. Limiting thickness to which ice will grow corresponding
to different air and water temperatures.
Illustration. — Marine thermometer drawn up out of water.
Marine thermometer.
Figure Xo. 12. Ice melting in salt water from experiment by Dr. Otto
Pettersson.
Chart Xo. 1. Course of Marine thermograph in Belle Isle strait.
2. " " " on Labrador coast.
t. Temperature gradient near an iceberg.
'). Radial temperature gradient.
" t). Temperature chart Belle Isle strait.
7. Belle Isle strait.
8. Course of micro-thermometer in Belle Isle strait.
211)— l.V
1 GEORGE V. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 21b A. 1911
ICE FORMATION ON THE ST. LAWIiENCE.
By H. T. Barnes, D. Sc, F.R.S.C, F. R. Met. Soc.
T)lrcdor of I he Phi/.sical Lahovaiories and Macdonahl Frofessor of
Physics, McCiill University, Montreal.
'Vn ^Tr. CU-.n. ,1. r)KSI?AHATS.
l)c'i)ul.v ^riiiist(>r of ^Fiiriiic and Fi-ll(■^i('^:.
Sir. — T liiU'c tlu' lioiiour to submit tlie lOnowiiii;' rt'iinrt. with my
• •nmitlillKMlts.
IT. T. BAliKKS.
Again throujih the kind assistance of the Department of ^Farine
and Fisheries. I have been able to extend my studies of ice phenomena
and t(i examine in more detail certain interesting questions wliicli
ai-<i>(' during- the work of last year. It is a pleasure to record great
indebtedness to the minister, Hon. L. P. Brodeur, for his readiness
to extend assistance to scientific work like the present, and liis keen
interest always shown in the outcome of the work. To the dejjuty
minister, ^fr. O. J. Desbarats. the writer desires to cxin-ess his
warmest thanks not only for the ready help accorded him on all occa-
sions, but for that unfailing interest and helpful advice which assisted
so much the success and progress of the investigations. As in the
previous work, the department generously provided me with an
assistant, .Mr. Louis Vessot King. B.A.. who devoted four months to
a close study of ice condition- from the deck of the Canadian Govern-
ment steamers Lnrjji (Iri'ii and Montcalm. I caimot speak too highly
of ^fr. King's woi'k, and ol' the great assistance he lias hrcn to mc in
this investigation. .Much of tlie work attempted wrndd have been
impossible but for the association of so able a man.
Ice conditions wei'c studied at Ca]) Rouge during the winter, and
an excellent ojiportunity was afforded for studying the disintegration
of ice at T.akc St. Peter. .\ trip to the Northumberland straits
onalilcd observations to be made on the new ice breaker. Earl Grey,
whicli has done such excellent service this year between Pictou and
Charlottetown. P.l^.T. Three w(>eksin April spent on the jAidy Grey
at Crane island comiilctril the winter's work.
There are certain featuri'- in connection with the suggestions
made in the report of last year which have been well verified during
the |ia-t winter. 'l"he n-c of two ice breakers at Cap Ilongr Inis
rc~uhed in an entire al)-( iicc of any ice jam permanently -citing in
at Cap Rouge. At no time were the ice breakers severely taxed. It
wa> an easy task for the lioat- to kec]) the channel clear, with the
re-uh that the tide and cui'rent- had their full effect on the river
above, giving open water all the way to riiree Rivers.
DEPARTMENT OF MARINE AND FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
No more marked demonstration of the efficiency and ease of
preventative measures in dealing with ice conditions could he cited
than the work of the boats this year. As I pointed out last year,
' It is but the work of a few days or less for the formation of the
famous bridge at Cap Kouge, and yet it is the work of two months
to break it down again, whereas the presence of an ice breaker during
the first few days and after would prevent the bridge from forming
altogether, and make the task of keeping the river clear at that point
a simple one.' Further on I state, ' There seems to be little reason
why one or two powerful ice breakers should not be able to keep the
river clear from Quebec to Lake St. Peter at least. One difficulty
might be encountered in the masses of frazil that would be formed
in the open water.' This year the two ice breakers had no difficulty
in keeping the river clear to Three Rivers by merely working at Cap
Rouge. One of the most important discoveries made this year is the
effect of open water on the water temperature in winter. [1 suggested
last year that frazil ice would be produced in larger quantities. At
no time, however, was frazil troublesome, and for the entire winter
the temperature of the water at Quebec was higher than freezing
owing to the effect of the sun on the open water above.': The whole
effect of surface ice on the temperature of large masses of water is
presented in a new light when considered with reference to the
absorption of the sun's heat. I am convinced that the task at Quebec
was rendered much easier owing to the presence of open water above.
My whole fear had been that open water would have acted in quite a
different way. Mr. King devoted a great deal of time to studying the
effect of the sun on the temperature of the water, and some important
meteorological results are likely to arise from these observations.
This report which I have the honour to submit is divided into
the following sections : —
Section I. — General meteorological conditions and extracts from
the reports submitted by Mr. King on the ice conditions existing
during the winter.
Section II. — Measurements of water temperatures to a thousiindth
part of a degree by means of a new marine thermometer.
Section III., — Effect of the sun on the general ice conditions.
The absorption of the solar heat by the water.
Section IV. — Tlie intiuence of ice on the temperature of the
water.
Section V. — The rate of growth of surface ice.
Section VI. — Some problems affecting tlic maiutciijinci' nf nil
open channel between Montvcal niid (^Jiiclx'c during the winter.
ICE FORMATION ON THE ST. LAWRENCE
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 21b
SECTION I.
General meteorological conditions, and extracts from reports
submitted by Mr. King on the ice conditions
existing during the winter.
The winter of 1009-10 was a mild one, ?o far as the meteorological
ri'conls show, all the months except Februarj' being above the average.
February was, however, below the average. The temperature during
the month of March departed to the greatest extent from the mean,
being some eight degrees warmer. A strong sun. with fine mild
weather, assisted very much the early disintegration of the river ice.
In some respects extremes of temperature following one another make
the ice problem harder to cope with. The cold weather forms the ice,
which always grows faster in its initial stages, and the warm w^eather
brings it down the river in large quantities, making the danger of a
jam at Cap Rouge m.ore likely. When the cold weather persists the
battures remain in place, and merely increase in thickness. The total
growth of ice under suck circumstances is, I believe, actually less
than when the mild weather dislodges the battures and the next cold
snap forms them again.
EXTRACTS FROM MR. KIXg's REPORTS.
December 20, 1909 (Monday). — Arrived at Quebec, and took up
quarters on board the government ice breaker, Lady Grey. The
steamer had been out between high tide at noon and 3.30 p.m., going
as far as Pte. aux Trembles. Light open ice was met with (4 to 0
inches thick).
December 21, 1909 (Tuesday). — Moderate snowfall during the
day. Wind IST.W. The Lady Grey left her dock about 1 p.m. with
the high tide. Light open ice, somewhat heavier than the preced-
ing day was met with. The ice was for the most part in large sheets
about eight inches thick and often several hundred feet across. This
ice was very brittle and gave way before the Lady Grey w'ith a sharp
crackling sound. The waves caused by the steamer were sufficient to
break up the ice for about 60 feet on either side of the steamer.
There were, especially below and above the Quebec bridge, large
spaces of open water; these were often partially covered over with
thin 'lolly-ice,' soft, flakey and easily disintegrated. This ice forms
very rapidly, especially on windy days, a piece as large as a man's
fist growing to a couple of feet in diameter in the space of two or
three hours. This kind of ice was observed to form and extend out
from the windward side of the fine cakes, and is no doubt responsible
for cen.enting these together. Li the narrow portion of the river
opposite the Quebec bridge the open spaces of water had disappeared ;
the ice was very rough, and presented the appearance of small cakes
piled up on one another and frozen together. This was no doubt due
to the crunmliug up of the ice floes in the narrow gorge. Above this
DErAUTMEyT OF M \i;i\K AXD FISH Kh'fES
1 GEORGE v.. A. 1911
point ;is fiir ;is St. Xicliolas tlie icp becamo iikjiv open. Apiiareutly
tlicrc is no daiiiicr of a jam at Cap Roujio with tlie thin ice i)r('vail-
ing at present. The crucial time is at a pcrind of liiyh tide-. If uji
to this time cold weather has prevailed, the hii'.iic ice tield- of fr(in:
two to three feet in tliickness form in the wide and sliallow hay- in
the river neai- Pte. aux Tremhles, about 1(» miles above ('a]i liouize.
Here the i-ixcr widens In fmii' miles, and is often not more tlian six
feet dec ). A very liiyli tide and a X. to X.K. wind will dislodii-e
eii(ii-m(in> Ihics whicli c(in:e ddu n tlie river with the chh tide in very
large solid pans. Some of these i)ans are larjic enough to reach right
across the river at Cap Rouge, and if the ice is strong enough to
resist being bi'okcii up it remains jammed from shore to shore and
starts the ice bridge. Jce coming from above is caught by thi- bridge,
some is carried uiulernealh the floe, some piled on top. the whole is
cemented together with frazil and very soon the bridge becomes a
solid mass of ice, 1.". to _'(» feet thick. It is not likely that any bridge
would form were it not for th(> initial bridge formed by the large,
solid pans coming from the shallows of Pte. aux Trembles. The
water is too shallow for the Monicalm or the Lady Grey to break up
L'se o\ tu"-s to those large pans as they form over the shallow water; a fleet of -mall
assi-t. tugs, escorted by one of the large boats, might do good work in keep-
ing the ice broken up here. Three or four large piers sunk in the bay
at this point- would probably suffice to keep the lai'ge pan- in place
through periods of high tides and so thi-oughout the whole winter.
There would be no difficulty arising from large pans coming down
fi'oin points higher u]) the river.
At St. Nicholas the Ladii (lien turneil. arriving at (^uebi'c at
4 ]).m.
JJeceiiiher 22, 100!) { Wednesday ). — Snow during the night; sky
ovei-cast during the day. Air temp.: max.. il(!° F.. n. in., l'2^ F.
Humidity: nnix., 90 per cent, min., 81 per cent. The Ladj/ (irey hd't
her dock al)out 1 p.m.. one hour before the turning of the tidi'. The
EIToct of Imiiiidity iuerease in the humidity since yesterday was at once noticeable in
on tlic ice. I^]j(i character of the ice: to-day the ice. which wi^i encountered in
large pans covered with snow, was very soft and gave way before tin?
jce breaker with a dull, grating sound; often long cracks would ojm'ii
out in front of the steamer. Although the ])ans wei'c for the nio-t
[lait no thicker than yesterday, the ice was much stickier, and in
conse(iuence offered considerabl.v greater resistance to the ship. A
nuinlier of large floes present(Ml the appearance of broken ice loo-dy
cemented together. Ice of this character is foi'inecl hy the lireai<ing
up of the large pans in i)assing through the gorge at ('aji Koulii'
I'ilhei- with the inward or ebbing tide. Several large ma-.-e- ot' tiiis
tyi)e I'eached a thickness of three or four feet with loose ice under-
neath, and proved difficidt to break up. A gicat deal of the ice
formed in Ini'ge pan- -bowed n:iid and gravel on the iiiider-ide.
indicating that the-e had formed on shoals and wei'c lel't -Irauded at
low tide.
A sami)ie of water in an open s|)aee was exannned. but no iVa/.il
crystals could be detecteil in it.
The Lihly (Iri'ii turned jii-t below ]'te. a'lx Treml)le-. arri\ing at
(Quebec at 1 p.m. -H
ICE Finni Alios (>.\ I hi: st. i.awue.we
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 21b
December 23. PJO'.). — Ovcrciist duriiiu' tlic ni-lit ; tine iin<l clt^ar
during- the iiioi'iiiiii;. -liulitly cloudy ami iiNcrca-t in the afteninou.
Air teni]). : max.. I's K.. min.. \iV~' V. iliuuidiry: max.. SO per fciit,
III in.. 7" jx'r cent.
idle Laclti (In'ii left her iluck at 1 ]i.m. nhdUt two limirs Ixd'ore
liiiih tide. 'Idle ice wa- leiich lii^hter than yesterday, nnich mere
open, and (iwiui;- te a .\.\\'. wind \va< thickest on the south shore, the
north shore heini;- jiractically open water. 'Idie ice was somewhat
more hrittle tlian yesterday, and a- tar a- the (^uehec hridi-e i)re-
sented much the same api)earance. .Mmve thi- point the ice wa- lor
the most part \-ery thin (1 to I inch), and -liowed evidence of having;
formed in tlie <|uiet open spaces hetwi'cu the thicker tloating jiieces.
Adhering to the underside of the pieces of heavier ice, especially such
ice as was covered with snow, large spongy masses of fra/.il ice could
be noticed; in fact sevi'ral samples of water -liowed a mm her ot
frazil crystals (ahout ."i per ('.('. on the average). Ahove St. Xicholas Fmzil :ipiic:ir<.
there seemed to he no lu'avy ice. most of the ice at thi- point heing
the thin rec<'ntly formed ice already descrihed. At this ])oint the
IaicIh (In'n turned, arriving at Quehec at :5.;50. A water temperature
was taken on arriving in dock, the scale reading being If.. Water
temperature was Vwi> of a degree of 0° C.
Decemher 2k. 1'-l<)'.). — Slightly overcast during the night, (dear
and bright toward^ morning ami during the forenoon. .\ii' teu'.p. :
nuix., 1S° F.. min.. l-'r F. JTumidity: max.. SO i)er cent. luiu.. (ili per
cent.
The Lad// (Ire// hd't her dock with the la>t of the ebb tide at 7.15
a.m. The Aveather wa- ])erfectly bright and clear. The river was Effect of hmnidity
open as regards ice. whicdi was more brittle than on the preceding day "'^ *''^ ''"*'•
and was still inclinecl to accumulate on the south shore. The effect
of the sharp frost during the night coidd be seen by the quantity of
new, thin ice formed between the heavier cakes. Often the water in
the open spaces wa- covered with a tlnn -cum of iee-crystal- on the
point of forming thin >iud'ace ice. Several laryc areas of thin * con- r> , i . •
. , . , „,, ' ' onglomcrato ice.
glomerate ice were met with. I lu'se are made up of round cakes of
ice, a couple of feet in diameter, formeil by the action of a n^.oderate
wind in breaking up and rounding u]i the corners of the thin surface
ice. Frazil ice -eemeil to be forced up into ridges around the edges
of the cakes. In many ca-e- the<e fields were not frozen together
rigidly, so that the wave< caii>ed by the ship ccnild be seen travelling
along them, in general >ucli area< jiresented the appearance of the
surface of a honeycomb.
Samples of water were examined for frazil; crystals existed in iMazil.
greater number than yesterday (abnit lo per rx-.). Often these
crystals seemed gathered together in loose aggregates several cms. in
diameter, exhibiting the initial stages of the formation of slush ic(>.
Decemher 2S, i.00.9.— Morning (dear and bright. W. breeze.
The Lad// Gre/j left dock with the high tide at 8 a.m. [^p to
('ai> liouge the ice was light and ..pen. the larger pans being four
to iive inches thick. The morning was misty and the water steaming.
Following the valley of the river and hanging almost down to the
water, a line of cloud <ouId be -ecu. At Cap Rouge the ice showed
signs ot congestion, and above that point several large masses of
•batture ice' were encountered; one of these bore a small fishing
10
DEPARTMENT OF MARiyE AND FISHERIES
Effect of Spr
tides.
Need of Mar
"Ladv Grev.
Fia/il.
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
ns cabin. The sprinp- tides prevailing at present were responsible for
dislodgring the ' battures ' from the shoals between Pte. aux Trembles
and Les Ecureuils. Several of these, had they been heavier after a
prolonged spell of severe weather, would have been large enough to
start the blocade at Cap Kouge. One of these 'battures' was esti-
mated at li miles in width and 2 miles long. In such cases a
■oni for ' wireless ' installation on board would have proved invaluable ; the
Lady Grey would have been enabled to communicate with the Mont-
calm, the two boats would thus be able to break up this ' batture ice '
in time, and by so doing diminish the chances of the blockade com-
mencing at Cap Rouge. In places the ' batture ice ' was as much as
six feet thick and conglomerate in composition, although not as yet
very solid nor difficult to break up. The Lady Grey turned at St.
Nicholas, and after breaking through the large battures without
difficulty, arrived in dock about 11 a.m.
Samples of water showed considerable quantities of frazil, about
20 crystals per c.c.
December 29, 1909. — Overcast during the night; fine and clear
towards morning.
The Lady Grey, owing to some minor repairs, did not leaA'o dock
to-day, and the Montcalm performed the journey, leaving Quebec at
9 a.m. The ice was everywhere light and open, and very few ' bat-
tures' were encountered; mostly those which had been dislodged had
already gone down beyond Cap Rouge.
The effect of the fairly severe weather prevailing at present could
be seen in the fairly thick ice formed in large pans (6 to 8 inches).
For the type of ice encountered to-day the Lady Grey is as effective
as the Montcalm, and seems as easily able to force her way through
the ice. This may be due to the fact that the Montcalm'is not yet
fitted with the high-pitch winter propellers necessary to obtain a good
purchase on the water when forcing through the ice at a slow speed.
Besides the engine valves are still cut down to economize strain,
whilst still giving enough power for summer work. When the heavy
ice begins to come down with the next spring tide it is essential that
the Montcalm be in her most, efficient working order, not only as
regards propellers and engines but also in being able to command a
high steam capacity, for which a better quality of coal than that
being used at present is necessary. The Montcalm turned at St.
- Antoine and arrived in (Quebec al)out noon.
December 30, 1909. — Night fine, clear and cold; morning clear
and calm, becoming overcast towards noon. No frazil in the water.
The Lady Grey left her dock at 10 a.m. The ice proved to be
fairly heavy in consequence of the extreme cold prevailing at present.
However, batture ice was entirely absent. Most of the open spaces of
water were covered with thin ice (about I inch) ; nevertheless over
Mist over the ice. these spaces there was a low-lying mist. Above Cap Rouge the ice
seemed more open. Large pans of thin ice (4 to 6 inches) stretching
almost from shore to shore were encountered. About a mile above St.
Nicholas the ice seemed to reach from shore to shore, and showed
signs of forming a bridge at this point. The large fields just men-
tioned were probably just broken off by the high tide. These had
formed dtiring the 24 hours since the Montcalm had passed yesterday,
and aives an idea of the rate at which ice forms in cold weather.
Condition of
"Montcalm."
No frazil.
ICE FORMATION ON THE ST. LAWRENCE 11
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 21b
About noon samples of water were examined; no crystals, in Xo frazil,
spite of the extreme cold, could be detected. The Lady Grey after
turning a mile above St. Nicholas arrived in dock about 1 p.m.
December 31, 1909. — Night fine and clear; luoiuing and after-
noon partly overcast; very slight snow flurry; calm.
Frazil— 1 sample, none; 3 samples, plentiful, about 30 crystals Frazil,
per c.c.
The Lady Grey left dock at 12 noon. Although the ice i)ruved
light and open below Cap Rouge, at this point it seemed to be massed
in large quantities. A great deal of it was very rough and was made
up of blocks piled up on each other to a thickness of 4 or 5 feet with
frazil slush underneath. This type of ice, although not solid, is very
hard to get through and offers great resistance to the ship. Never-
theless the Lady Grey was able to get through it at a rate of about
three miles an hour. Above the Quebec bridge and as far as St.
Nicholas, numerous large fields of sheet ice (about 4 to 6 inches
thick) were encountered. These often reached from shore to shore,
and there was little open water visible. Large numbers of frazil Frazil,
crystals were found in the water. At St. Nicholas the Lady Grey
turned, and arrived in Quebec about 4 p.m.
January 1, 1910. — Night and day overcast; light snow falling.
Slight E. breeze. Frazil fairly plentiful — 15 crystals per c.c. Frazil.
The Lady Grey left dock at 1 p.m. Very light ice was every-
where encountered ; one or two battures were seen, one bearing down
three fishing cabins. These battures were very thin, and had been
dislodged by the mild weather prevailing at present. A large number
of globular sponge-like masses of ice were met with. These floated
very low in the water, and were brown in colour due to the quantities
of mud contained in them. These masses constitute a type of ' anchor Anchor ice.
ice,' and are said to form over miid flats by the action of cold weather
and wind at low tide. Above the Quebec bridge the ice was met with
in large pans, but was very thin (2 to 3 inches). The Lady Grey
turned at St. Nicholas, and arrived in Quebec at 4 p.m.
January 2, 1910. — Morning overcast; light snow flurries. Day
clear and mild; moderate W. wind.
The Montcalm left dock at 1.23 p.m. Very light ice was en-
countered. Owing to a W. wind it tended to crowd into the south
shore. Above the Quebec bridge a large piece of ' batture ice,' about
lA miles long and two or three hundred feet in width, was encoun-
tered. This batture was broken up into fragments both in going up
the river and in returning. The batture was 4 or 5 feet thick, and
was heavy enough to almost stop the ship's way. The Monicahn
turned just below St. Nicholas, and arrived in dock at 3.45 p.m.
January 3, 1910. — Night fair and clear, becoming overcast
towards morning, with considerable snow falling in the afternoon ;
slight E. breeze. Frazil crystals, 15 per c.c. Water temperature in prazil.
dock, 32° F. Air temp.: max., 12° F., min., 8° F.
The Lady Grey left dock at 1 p.m. Open ice was everywhere
encountered, with a few pieces of batture ice. The open spaces of
water were everywhere covered by a thin scum of ice caused by the
falling snow. Above the Quebec bridge the ice was very open and
tliin. The effect of a day of mild weather is at once noticeable in the
Fry
12 DEPAliTMEST OF M .\ HI \ E AM) FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 191 1
Eff.M't of iniUl quality of the ice met witli diiriiii:- the next two or three days. Ice
woatlicron uv. ^^^^^^ forms very slowly, and that coming duwn. in consequence, very
Frazil and slu^h. thin. Samples of water, hcsides containing a great deal of slush due
to the falling snow, showed frazil crystals in considerable nimiber.
The Lady Greij turned at St. Nicholas, and arrived at Quebec at 3.4').
Just opposite the Beauport shoal and extending almost from shore ta
shore, a large field of batture ice was noticed. This was broken up
l)cf()rc i)r(ic('('ding into dock.
Jainiari/ J^, 1910. — Night overcast, with E. wind. Sudden fall of
temperature towards morning, with a N.W. wind. Fine and clear
Frazil. during the day. Air temp.: max., 0° F.. min., 13° F. Frazil plenti-
ful, 40 crystals per c.c.
The Lady Grey left dock at 1 p.m. The siidck'u fall in tempera-
ture (10° F. to 13° F.) was responsible for the formation of large
areas of thin ice. Comparatively few open spaces of water could be
seen. Over these a strong W. wind was blowing, and frazil ice was
forming very rapidly. (Sami)les showed about 40 large crystals per
c.c). The wind, caused these to collect on the windw-ard side of the
ice sheets, where it first forms a thin scum and finally solidifies to
tlie thin sheet ice. Most of the ice met with varied from 2 to .">
inches in thickness, and no heav.v ice was encountered. The Lady
Effftt of sudden Grey turned at St. Nicholas. The rapidity with which ice forms
cold on icf. when the temperatui'e is in the neighbourhood of 10° F. could be seen
when on several occasions w-e crossed our original track on the return
.iourney. Although not m.ore than one-half to three-quarters of an
hour had elapsed, the broken ice in the ship's wake had been cemented
together by ice about I inch thick'. On returning to dock about 3..')(>
an indi of ice had formed over the (juiet water where the ship had
been.
Jainiary ->. I'.'U). — Fine and v(M\v cold during the night; over-
east towards morning; a heavy blizzard with a N.E. wind began at
1.15 p.m. Air temp.: max., 14° F., min.. — 14° F.
The Montcalm left dot-k at 1 ]).m. The ice in the v'wvv oiii>o-ite
Quebec was open and moving, although fairly heavy in consecpiencc^
of the extreme cold. On leaving, the weather was calm although the
EHVct of l.lizzard. sky was somewhat overcast. At 1.15 p.m. snow began to fall and In
five minutes a blizzard was raging, and all sight of the shore and
landmarks was immediately l)lottcd from view. It was impossible to
l)roceed further, so at 1.1*0 ]).ni. the Montcalm turned, and arrived in
dock at l..")!) p.m., steering by compass on the way in.
.Jaiiudry (i. I'->1(). — Night overcast, with -now falling. Snow
ceased towards midnight, and the tempi'rature rapidly liecanic milder
toward- morning. Wind \V. ; morning oviM'cast and humidity high.
.,, , , , Water contained ti-aces of slush, but no true frazil crystals, .\uclior
!>lu-li and anclior
ice. ice.
The Lady Gn'y left dock at 7.15 a.m. The Ice was open n> far
as the Quebec bridge. aUhough somewhat heavy in consequence of the
Effect of humidity, '■xtreme cold whi<-h prevailed during the la-t two or three day-. The
ertect of the -iiddeii l•i^e in tenipei'at nre ami luunidily wa- not ii-cal>li>
in the fact that the ice wa- not >o brittle a< usual and in the (luanti-
^ij^.j ^^^. j^,^, ties of anclior ice to he seen. Above tlie (^iieiiec bridgi' the river was
not so open. Large fields of ice (4 to (i indie- thick) '-overed the
ICE FOfniATiox ()\ Tin: ST. i..\]vi,'i:\cr-: 13
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 21b
river t'nun -Ik. it In -liori'. 'riic-c. lidwcvcr. wvvv moving' dowiiwards
with the ('l)l> tide, nltlioniih not so f:ist as the tido itself. In tlu< ciise i-;fT,.,.t of d)!) tidi.-.
loiifi- strip:- piindlcl to tlic free cdue hrenk off on tlie do\vn->tr(':ini side
of the field ;ind nro onrrlcd down li.\' ihc tide with urrntiT iMjiidit y.
Samples of water showed no traces of the ncedle-shaiicd fi'n/.il crystals, siu^li. no frazil.
althous'h traces of slush, prohahly half nxdted snow crystals, were
present.
Jiiinuiru I J I'.na. — Xi.iiht ovcrca-t ; li.Liht -now Ihii-ry ihirini;' the
niorning-; afternoon clear; cnhn. Traci- df fra/.ih Air temp.:
max., 18° F., mill., 5° F.
The Lad// Grri/ left dock at 7.4.") a.m. with the hiuh tide. .\< far
as the Quebec iiridue and in the open rivei' lievond the iee wa- liiiht
iuid open. An honr wa< spent cnttiiiii' away th( " hatture iee.' whieh
forms hetweeii tlie north pier of the bridge and the Cap Uoni:c river.
As soon as this hatture has grown to a certain width it increases ver.v
rapidly, owing' to the fact that the channel is considerably narrowed
and the floating iee i- erovi'ded nj) agaiii-t the hattnre with great
foi'ce hy the set of the current at this ])art of the river. Since
.January 10 the batture has grown out about 200 feet, so tiiat ~>i) feet Forming of , a
may l)e added during a -ingle tide. The addition of each tide i^ fi:>tture.
marked off" fi-om that of the preceding tide hy a well markeij ridge
I'unning along the hatture ])arallel to its edge. The iee between these
ridges consists of piled-up blocks, which have the characteristic thick-
ne-< of the ice prevailing at the time this part of the batture was
formed, and so the whole batture gives an indication of the severity
of the weather whieh has ])re\-ailed day hy day during it< formation.
In ordi'r to cut away the batture. it was necessary to resijrt to
' liucking." i.e.. to charge into the ice at full s])eed. He-t re-ult> are
obtained b.v working' in the direction of the tide. The l)atture cracks
most easily along- the tide-ridges already mentioned; as soon as :' (^>„ttin"- a batture
crack opens out large quantities of small broken ice and slush rise to
the surface. Progress is at first slow, but very soon the whole batture
becomes rapidly weakened by the repeated charges, by tlie wa-h of the
ship and by the suction, of the propellers, with the result that l)efore
very long large pieces can be easily disengaged from the main mass.
As the result of an hour's work, a long strip of batture about a mile
long and five w ,-ix hundred feet widi' wa> cut away without ilitlienh\-.
The Lad// (Jit'ii then proceeded as far as St. Nicholas church.
Till ice was everywhere thin, and no ' battures ' could be seen coming
down the river from above. After sto{)]iiug' to take on a sui)i)ly of
fresh water at the (lovernnient wharf, the Ladii Cireii arrived in dock
about uo(in.
Jdiinari/ /■"». lUHI. — Xight tine and cleai'; the day (dear and
bright: calm, with a westi'rly bri-eze towards the afternoon. Air
temp.: max-.. IC" F.. min.. —10° F.
The Man leal 1)1 left dock at 10.30 a.m. The ice was everywhere
light and open, and of no very great thickness (3 to 5 inches) except
as regards the large pans which had been squeezed through the Cap
Jvouge gorge. The MouUaJm proceeded as far as the St. Croix light:
the iee opposite Pte. aux Trembles was light, and the battures had
not as yet attained any very great width. It was noticeable that the
large sheets of surface ice became thinner as the Montcalm proceeded
up the river. Xo battures were met with coming down with the tide;
14 DEPARTMENT OF MARINE AND FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
such as have formed seem to be too solid to be dislodged by the high
tides. The Montcalm arrived in Quebec at 3 p.m.
January 16, 1910. — Night fine and clear; morning fine* and clear,
becoming slightly overcast towards evening. Barometer, 30.95.
Frazil- Frazil — no small crystals, a few large ones. Air temp. : max., 16° F.,
min., 0° F.
The Lady Grey left dock at 1 p.m. Up to the Quebec bridge the
ice was remarkably open. In the Cap Rouge gorge there was a great
deal of thin ice (3 to 4 inches) squeezing through with the strong
tide. Up to St. Nicholas the ice consisted of large sheets of thin ice
(3 to 4 inches). No battures were met with. The Lady Grey turned
at St. Nicholas, and arrived in dock about 4 p.m.
Distinction has several times been made between ' small * and
Frazil formation 'large' frazil crystals. The small crystals (about i inch long) seem
de^cn e . ^^^ occur o^ly when the weather is very cold (below zero), and even
then none may sometimes be found when the \\eather is clear. The
small crystals are needle-shaped, have small buoyancy and seem to be
uniformly distributed throughout the water of the river. The large
crystals visually occur in loose aggregates. They may either be
needle-shaped or in the form of irregularly shaped flat disks. In
most cases several crystals seem to be loosely stuck together. These
aggregates have greater buoyancy than the small frazil crystals, and
tend to collect together in open spaces of water. The effect of ripples
would, perhaps, tend to make these aggregates collect. When the
water is rippled by a light breeze the areas over which the crystalline
aggregates have collected are marked out as calm spots or streaks.
Surface tension is altered by the presence of the crystals, so as to
prevent the formation of these ' capillary ripples.' Even during a
brisk breeze these areas will be quite smooth, and thus the formation
Surface ice from "^ thin surface ice is facilitated. These areas quietly merge into one
*''azil. another and the formation of surface ice begins rapidly, especially if
the water is covered with floating cakes of ice with small interspaces
of water.
January 20, 1.910. — Night clear, becoming overcast, with a little
snow towards morning; overcast in the afternoon; calm.
Cap Roiig(> taken. During the morning news was received that the ice bridge had
formed at Cap Rouge about 8 p.m. the previous evening. At 11.30
a.m. the Montcalm left dock, followed by the Lady Grey at noon. On
arriving at the Quebec bridge it was seen that two immense battures
had met and locked together so as to block the gorge. From the piers
of the bridge upwards for a distance of two miles the river was
covered by successive sheets of heavy batture ice, showing several
long pressure ridges, in many cases formed of piled-up blocks six or
seven feet high. At this time the tide was still rising; at the edge
of the ice the current was very strong, and the ice carried by the
rising tide was often seen to be sucked underneath the surface ice.
It was impossible to work under these conditions, for the strong
current kept packing the ice in as fast as the ice breakers cut away
large pieces. It was decided to wait until the turn of the tide, about
3 p.m. The steamers began to work at ^l;H■k water, and as soon as
CJuttinfj away the ^ perceptible ebb had set in progress became rapid. The boats worked
hndefi. so as to cut a channel about 200 yards wide, and both made about the
<ame rate of progress through the bntturo ; the ice lu'okc away
ICE FOh'MA'IIOX ON THE ST. LAWh'EXCE 15
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 21b
between them in large pieces, which Ihiated away with the \\de.
Several times the ice was so thick that the steamers Irfted on to it,
and were unable to back away (the Montcalm once and the Lady Grey
three times). On these occasions it was only necessary for the dis-
enjraged ship to take a diagonal cut toward the ship that had become
fixed; the ice cracked across and the iniiirisoned ice breaker was soon
free. Working in this way. rapid progress was made toward the free
water above. Greatest difhcnlty was experienced when only 250 feet
of ice remained to be cut through. The ice was very heavy (15 to 20
feet), and here the steamers showed the greatest tendency to become
stranded. Finally about 5.10 p.m. the bridge gave way. and the two
boats retreated rapidly to Quebec, where they arrived aliout 0 p.m.
At 10 p.m. news was received from Cap Eouge that the entire mass of
ice had passed down.
A remarkable feature of the afternoon's work was tlie excellent I'dfoimame of tlie
work done by the Lady Grey. In spite of her lightness and com- "l.ady (;roy."
paratively small engine-power, she worked through the ice as rapidly,
if not more so, than the Montcalm. Owing to her light weight, she
was able to ' buck ' into the ice and back away with greater rapidity,
and on the whole was well able to keep up with the Montcalm. The
latter was very slow in gathering speed and in starting ahead, owing
to her low-pitch propellers.
January 22, 1910. — Eain during the night; rain at freciuent in-
tervals throughout the day. Large quantities of anchor ice coming Andior i<c.
down. Air temp.: max., 38° F., min., 33° F.
The Lady Grey left dock at 10.30 a.m. The ice was everywhere
very open and loose. The rain and high tide had dislodged the
battures to low-\vater mark. Large quantities of anchor ice were
seen. Batture ice was met with in small pieces. The Lady Grey
turned at St. Xicholas, and arrived in Quebec at 1.15 p.m.
January 23. 1910. — Kain during the night; overcast, with light
snow in the morning; fine during the afternoon and early evening.
Westerly wind. No frazil. Anchor ice coming down. Air temp.: 4„pijor ice
max., 36° F., min., 26° F.
News was received on Saturday evening that the l-'cureuil
battures had given way, so that both the Lady Grey and the Mont-
calm were ordered out to prevent a possible jam at Cap Kouge. The
Lady Grey left dock at 8 a.m., followed by the Montcalm at 0. The
Lady Grey only met with two small battures below Quebec bridge. YnUe alarm
and above that itoint the ice was very loose and open and tended to
crowd upon the north shore. The large battures expected had appar-
ently passed down during the night. The Lady Grey turned opposite
the Cap Rouge river, and arrived in Quebec about 10 a.m.
January JJf, 1910. — Slightly overcast during the night; overcast
during the day. E. breeze. Frazil — none. No fraz-il.
The Lady Grey left dock at 8 a.m. The ice was very loose and
open, and consisted largely of small blocks of thick batture ice (1
foot to li feet thick). Opposite the Cap Rouge river a large l)atture
(about ^ mile by 4 mile) was met with. The rain and mild weather
had greatly weakened it, and no difficulty was experienced in break-
ing it up. The light floating ice was renuirkable for the quantit.v of
mud it contained; since most of the battures have disappeared this
ice had formed over the shoals and mud-flats at low water and was
16
DEiwin Mi:\T or maium-: asd i isiieiukx
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
( )|)i'ii water t(
Tlirt'c Rivers.
Effpft of no brie
in i-i\-er ;il)o\o.
iCC
cnri'icil awiiy l)y the next Iul;1i tide. 1 he river i- reported open as tol-
as 'I'lircc IJivcr-. 'riic fact that the Caj) lunifii' lu'id^iic is i)rev('nti'il
from funning- allows tull play to the tide- and currents, and so
])rovents the formation of any larj^'e quantity of heavy surface ice
hetweeu (Quebec and 'I'hi-ee Rivers. The l^ddti (Irri/ turned at St.
Xicliolas and arrived ai (^)ueliec at U» a.m.
Fi'hruari/ (i. 1910. — Sm:\v. with a stronii' W. wind, during- the
night. Fine and cold during the day. Wind W. and light. Air
temp.: max., 5° ¥.. niin.. — ■]° F.
'I'he Monlrah)t left dock at S a.m. I'elow the (^ueliee bridge
tliere was very little ice. altluaigh owing to the low temperature
during the night th(> water was cDvered with a layer of very thin
surface ice (J to | inch), 'riiis wa-, however, sutlicieiit to ])revent the
formation of surface ripiiles by the wind. Above the (Quebec bridge
sheets of thin ice (i' to ;] inches) which liad formed during the night
were encountered. The Moiifrnim turned at St. X'icholas, and
arrived in (Quebec about 10. oO a.m.
Fehrudiil 7. 1011). — Bar., i^l).!». Clear and c,,ld during the night.
Fine and (dear during the day. AVin<l W. and light. Frazil — large
numbers of crystals (30 to 40 per c.c.) Air temp.: 0° F. and — 7° F.
The Lady Grey left dock at 7.30 a.m. Before proceeding up the
river, an hour was spent trimming down the batture opposite the
guaro pier. As a result of the extreme cold during- the night there
was a great deal of ice on the river, most of it between 4 and 6 inches
thick-. Above the Quebec bridge there was very little open water.
Large fields which had been squeezed through the gorge and thickened
up by piling were met with. The Lady (Srey turned at St. Xicliolas,
and arrived in Quebec about 11.30 a.m.
fchriKtni S. low. — Clear and cold during the night, becoming
overcast about iridnight. Light snow towards morning and during
the day. Wind K. and light. Air temp.: max., 16°, min., — 1°.
During the afternoon of February 7 a series of measurements
were made on the rate of growth of surface ice. A little of the ice
which forme(l in an open space near the ship in dock (the Ladji drey)
was broken away from time to time and the pieces taken on board
and measured. The results arc tabulated below. It was impossible
to continue the measurements during the night. The next morning
snow had set in and the tides had broken up the -urface sheet. The
()l>sorv.-vtion on rate observations are givenbelow:—
of Krowlli of surfucc " '~~
'J'liin iee [prevents
ripples.
Frazil
No true frazil
noticed after tiiis.
Time.
Thickness
of Ice in Cms.
Air
Tempera-
ture.
Water
Tempera-
ture.
11 :^()a.ni. .
VI noon . .
12.20 p.m.
1.05 n .
1.35 .. .
2.05 " .
2.35 M .
:i.05 .. .
3 35
4.05 .. .
5.05 .. .
No if
hin se
0 31
0 (52
0 !t
11
1 :{
Ifi
1 s
19
2 3
4'
+ •092" C.
2
+ 068°
1
+ 053°
(1-5'
1
+ 053°
1"
1
+ •04.5"
105
2"
o .-o
- O 0
ICf] FOh'MATlOX OX Till-: HT. LAWRENCE 17
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 21b
Fehniarij 10, 1010.— The L(ul/i CI re;/ l(>ft dock at 11 n.iii. An
especially high tide during the night caused hy the easterly gale had
dislodged the hattures ahove Cap Kouge. On the way up the river
several large and heavy pieces were encountered, some of them run-
ning up to two feet of uniform ice. There was very little open water,
and the ice became more and more ci-dwdid in the neighbourhood of
the gorge. It was found impossible to make headway beyond the
piers of the Quebec bridge. Large sheets of heavy batture ice could -^^""^^ f'f 'fe in the
be seen crowding through the narrow gorge and giving rise to heavy
ice-shoves on shore. As soon as the ice-sheets had forced their way
beyond the piers of the bridge the release of pressure caused them to
crack in all directions and to break up into small pieces. The current
was moving faster than the ice, and on one occasion the pressure was
so great that the moving masses of ice nearly came to a standstill.
These heavy battures had been in formation during the entire winter,
and were thought to come from Les Ecureuils. The January thaw
had not been sufficient to release them. The Lady Grey remained at
the Quebec bridge, breaking uji the large blocks as they shoved
through the gorge, to diminish tlie chances of a jam with the rising
tide. The Lady Grey arrived in dock about 2.30 p.m.
February 2-1, 1010. — Bar.. I'O.TO. Fine and clear during the
night, and tine and clear (hiring the day. Air temp.: max., 18°.
min., 5°.
The Lady Grey left dock at 9.30 a.m. Up to the Quebec bridge Attack on a batture
and beyond as far as St. Xicholas a heavy batture of autumn-old ice
was met with, about two miles long and a mile or so wide. An actual
measurement gave 25 inches thickness of solid ice; in many places
it was much heavier than this, and large quantities of frazil were
confined beneath the ice. This batture was much the heaviest en-
countered this year. The Lady Grey kept at work on this field of ice.
cutting it up into several pieces, until the ebb tide had almost carried
the ice through the Cap Rouge gorge. At 12.30 it was thought pru-
dent to retire to the Quebec side of the bridge and wait to see these
pieces through. As it was, several of the pieces were large enough
to reach from shore to shore, and were considerably retarded and at
times almost stopped in squeezing through. However, by working
from the down-stream side these pieces were broken up and helped
through, so that by 1.30 p.m. the batture had passed down. The Lady
Grey then proceeded up the river as far as the Cap Rouge river to
make sure that there were no more battures. Only large sheets of
thin ice from 2 to 3 inches thick were met with. These sheets were
so wedged in with the two banks that the ice was subjected to a con-
siderable compressional strain. It was interesting to notice the
difficulty experienced by the Lady Grey in moving through this ice Difrimlty of cutting
when the sheet was unable to give way on either side. As much diifi- fi"^''' '"'•
culty was experienced in making way through this thin ice as in
cutting through a freely floating cake of ice a foot thick. In many
cases the sheet could be seen to buckle and give way with a loud
report, while a crack spread from the fault towards the shore. As
soon as this had taken place the ice breaker immediately gained
speed. The Lady Grey arrived in dock about 2.15 p.m.
A series of measurements of water temperatures in the Louise
basin were taken at diiferent depths to 34 feet. The result shows a
rise of temperature with depth. However, the temperature of the
21b— 2
18
DEPARTMENT OF MARINE AND FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
Effect of ship's heat water proved to be very unsteady thi'oui^hout any length of time,
tempemture "^^^ results are given below and shown in diagram 1 : — ■
Depth.
Time.
Sc. Reading.
Cms. Bridge
Win.
Temp, in
Degree C .
1 foot.
2.50 p.m.
38-45
2-95
+ •048
5 feet.
3 00 .,
65
2-75
045
12 "
3 09 M
13
3 25
053
20 M
3.25 „
36
85
4-55
074
34 H
3.30 „
35
55
5-85
096
20 ..
3.37 .,
37
35
4-05
061
5 M
3.4(5 „
36
20
5 20
085
1 foot.
3.. 55 „
34-50
6-90
-113
No frazil.
Water temperature
lower at night.
March 2, 1910. — Overcast, with snow and E. wind during the
night. Overcast and foggy during the morning; calm. Fog lifts
about 2 p.m. No frazil. Large quantities of snow scum. Water
temp.: Se. R. 39-7, T. + -0305° c. Air temp.: max., 34°, min.. 27°.
The Lady Grey left dock at 1.20 p.m. As far as the Quebec
bridge the river was remarkably free from ice. Above this point
numerous small cakes of heavy batture ice were met with. Some of
these were as much as 3 to 4 feet thick. No very large pieces were
seen. The Lady Grey turned at St. Nicholas, and arrived in Quebec
at 4 p.m.
WATER TEMPERATURES (IN DOCK).
4.25 p.m.
5.10 p.m.
6.30 p.m.
7.30 p.m.
11.15 p.m.
39-5
+ 034°C.
9 a.m.,
(Mar. 3.)
So. R
36-4
+ 084'>C.
33 5
+ 131"C.
38-7
+ -047"C.
39-2
+ 039°C.
360
T
+ -091OC.
River almost free
of ice.
River temperature.
March 3, 1910. — Bar., 29.70. Fine and clear during the night;
same conditions throughout the day. Wind W. and moderate. Air
temp.: max., 38°, min., 25°.
The Lady Grey left dock at 1.30 p.m. The river was almost
entirely free 'from ice below the Quebec bridge. At this point a floe
consisting of small pieces of heavy batture was met with; some of
the pieces were between 3 and 4 feet thick. None of the pieces were
at all large. At St. Nicholas and above the river was seen to be
almost entirely free from ice. The Lady Grey turned at St. Nicholas
semai)hor(', and arrived in Quebec about 4.15 p.m.
WATER TEMPERATURES.
9 a.m. (in dock). 3 ii.m. (in channel) 4 p.m. (in dock).
+ 09rc.
f 099»C.
+ -118°C.
ICE FORMATIoy OT THE ST. LA^YRE'SCE
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 21b
19
21b— 2i
20
DEPARTMENT OF MARIXE AND FISHERTE,^
Water temperature
risinc;.
Ri\cr temperature
rising.
1 GEORGE v., A. 191t
March If., 1010. — Bar., 20.95. Fine and clear during the niglit;
same throughout the day. Wind W. and moderate. Air temp.:
max., 32°, min., 18°.
The Lady Grey left dock at 1.20 p.m. The river was practically
free from ice as far as the Quebec bridge. Opposite the Cap Rouge
river a large batture was met with ; it was about a mile long and one-
quarter mile wide. The ice was not very heavy, and was for the most
part from 12 to 15 inches thick. The batture was thought to have
come from Cap Sante. This field of ice was cut up into several
pieces. On the way to St. Nicholas a few small battures were met
with, but for the most part the river was almost clear of ice or covered
with a very thin sheet. The Lady Grey turned at St. Nicholas sema-
phore, and arrived in Quebec about 4.30 p.m.
WATER TEMPERATURES.
3 p.ri. ;in channel).
4.30 i^.ni. (in dock).
T. .
-!- 107° C.
+ 110°C.
March 5, 1910. — Fine and clear during the night; overcast, with
light snow, during the morning. Snow ceases towards noon, but the
sky remains overcast. Large quantities of floating snow-scum. Air
temp.: max., 30°, min., 19°.
The Lady Grey left dock at about 1.30 p.m. The river was
almost entirely free from ice both above the Quebec bridge and below.
A few moments were spent in slicing oflE the Cap Rouge batture. The
Lady Grey arrived in dock about 4 p.m.
WATER TEMPERATURES.
9 a.m. (in dock). 3 p.m. (in cliannel). 4.15 \i.m. (indock).
+ 09rc.
+ 123»C.
4 •107°C.
No ice formed, due
to warm water.
Rising river
temperature, due to
no floating ice anc*
open water.
March 6, lOlO. — Bar., 29.95. Fine and clear during the night —
heavy fog prevailing — calm at noon. Fine and clear during the after-
noon, with light E. breeze. Air temp.: max., 34°, min., 14°.
The Lady Grey left dock at 1.30 p.m. There was practically no
ice on the river — a few small cakes of heavy batture ice at intervals
and a few large sheets of very thin surface ice. The Lady Grey
turned opposite St. Nicholas semaphore, and arrived at Quebec about
4 p.m.
\\ ATl'.i; TEMPERATURES.
,\t 3 p.m. i
t> cliaiincl.
At 4.15 p.iii
dock.
3 feet under ice
3 feet in o;)('n watc^r
at surface (sun ol(scured).. .
3 feet d(!ep ( .. .. ).. .
surromided by ice at surface
depth of 3 feet
+ 140°C.
+ -H8°C.
+ 14.3"C.
+ 1.'<5"C.
t -OoS-'C.
+ -Oi)'J°C.
+ 123°C.
ici: FORM Alios OX THE 8T. LAWRENCE 21
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 21b
Marcli ].'). I'.iK). — Fine and clear duriii.i:- the day. Air temp.:
max.. 26°, min., 16°.
The Montcalm left Jock about 1 p.m. On arriving at the Quebec
bridge it was found that a jam had taken place between the piers of
the bridge. At 3 p.m. the Lady Grey received a Marconigram to the
eifect that her assistance was required. By the time the Lady Grey ice bridge taken,
had arrived on the scene it was discovered that another batture had
jammed opposite Confederation point. The two boats worked as
already described, cutting a channel about 500 feet wide, and buck-
ing into the ice, which floated away with the ebb tide. The Lady
Grey again showed that she was able to do as much work as the
Montcalm. The latter steamer was only generating about .3.000 h.p.
instead of her maximum 4,200 h.p.
The two boats worked in the manner described until 6 p.m., when
the ice-bridge finally gave way. The boats arrived in Quebec about
7 p.m.
March 16, 1910. — Wind E. and light. Clear and fine during the
night; light snow towards morning.
8.05. — The Lady Grey left Quebec. Eiver up to the Quebec
bridge practically free from ice.
S.45. — On arriving at the Quebec bridge an enormous batture, 'Lady Grey" met
about li miles long and from 3 feet to 15 feet in thickness, was found batture in gorge,
blocked in the gorge. The tide was rising, and on approaching to
within a ship's length it was observed that the mass of ice was giving
way before the flood tide. The steamer waited about ten minutes for
the batture to ascend some distance, and then cut its way aroimd the
edge. A communication was sent to the Montcalm to come up and
break up this batture before it descended with the ebb tide. The 'Lady Grey" on
Lady Grey then proceeded on her way up to Three Kivers. way to Three Rivers.
March 17, 1910. — Clear and fine during the night. Same during
the day, and very cold, with westerly breeze. Frazil in water — none.
Air temp.: max., 22°, min., 0°.
Note on the Pormation of Ice Over Lake St. Peter.
The thin ice which forms in the fall over Lake St. Peter becomes Formation of ice on
jammed in the narrow channel opposite Port St. Francis, at the Lake St. Peter,
outlet of the lake, where the river is crossed by shoals. In this way
the river between Port St. Francis and Three Eivers is frozen over
solid before the lake itself. In the spring the reverse happens. The
river above Lake St. Peter is often clear of ice before the lake, which
generally begins to give way at the head before the ice moves at the
outlet. The broken ice from the river above the lake is carried under Lj^j^^ j^g gives first
the still solid lake ice, and is apparently melted away at the head of at head of lake,
the lake by the comparatively warm water (perhaps 1° C), which has
become somewhat heated by the sun's action on the open water in the
upper reaches of the river. By the time the water reaches the foot
of the lake it is cooled down so near to zero that it has little or no
effect in melting and weakening the ice at the foot of the lake.
The Lady Grey left dock at 6.30 a.m.. and attacked the ice about
one mile above Three Rivers at 7. The ice was found to be very
much harder and tougher than on tiie preceding day. The weather Effect of rold water
had turned cold (near zero) during the night, and a wind had made and humidity on
the air very dry (relative humidity between 50 per cent and 70 per '^ '*'*'■
22
DEI'ARTilEXT OF MARINE AXD FISHERIES
No7'giv(
iec.
to the
Nf>(;d to
conditio
breakin
pecify
ns for
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
cent). Headway throug-h the iee was made very slowly, but slightly
better ijrogress was made during the afternoon. In thickness the ice
varied between 15 and 20 inches of clear blue ice, with about G inches
of snow on the surface. Advance could be made only by repeated
' buckings.' The Lady Grey would back down about 200 feet and
advance between 60 and 100 feet into the ice. By working in this
way a channel was cut^about 200 to 300 feet wide and three miles
long during the day's work of ten hours. The difficulty in cutting
through the ice was due to the fact that there was no give to the ice
on cither side. On the return journey to Three Rivers at 5.15 p.m.,
the Lady Grey was able to widen the channel by slicing off a strip
200 feet on the north side of the channel. She was able to cut
through this ice without stopping at a speed of about six miles per
hour, with the current of about three miles per hour. This gives one
an idea of the necessity of specifying the boundary conditions
(whether free or fixed) of a sheet of ice in speaking of the rate of
progress through it. By having two boats to ' buck ' alternately into
the ice in parallel directions the ice is enabled to give more readily,
and progress can be made about three times more rapidly.
Block of Lake Ice turned up on end.
Structure of
ice.
rfaco 'I'lip i(^e which was cut throiigli i)resented several very remark-
able features. Most of it was the clear, blue, snow-covered ice already
mentioned, and some of it showed distinct striations. In several
spots there appeared considerable quantities of frazil ice when ice-
blocks split away. In a large number of cases the entire thickness
was seen to be made up of a succession of plates of thin ice (about
one inch) cemented together, many of them carrying mud and silt.
In many cases the muddy ice was directly on the underside of the
conglomerate mass. The occurrence of ice of this kind confirms the
statement already made that the thin surface ice of the lake is carried
under the ice alreadv formed at Port St. Francis in tlie fall. The
ICE FOh'MATIOX OX Till: ST. LAWh'EXCE 23
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 21b
interesting point to note is tliat this niutldy ice must have hecn
deposited before the lake became frozen over solid, so that the con-
glomerate ice had apparently not thickened after that time (two
months at least). This gives some support to the view that a limiting Limitinfc tliiokness
thickness is formed fairly early in the winter, and that the ice does ^^ '''^'•
not thicken much beyond that amount.
A water temperature was taken at the edge of the ice at 6.55 a.m.
Both the readings indicate a lower temperature than was ever re- Kffect of surface ice
corded at Quebec even during the severest weather. This gives an «" temperature of
iiidication of the power of the sun in keeping the water slightly above
zero when the surface is free of ice, as it was during the winter
between Three Rivers and Quebec. The current in the channel cut
out by the Lady Grey was about three miles per hour. On returning
to dock about 5.50 p.m., thin surface ice was already forming over
the water opposite Three Rivers in spite of a light breeze. This gives Kffect of immiditv
an idea of the rapidity with which surface ice forms when the air is on formation of ice.
dry (about 60 per cent relative humidity), and the water near zero
even if the air temperature is moderately cold (about 15° F.).
March 18, 1910. — Fine and clear during the night; fine and
clear during the entire day. Heavy hoar-frost mist on the river
during the early morning.
The Lady Grey left dock at 9 a.m. On the way to the end of
yesterday's cut the existing channel was widened by 100 to 200 feet.
Work was begun at the end of the cut at 9.35. The ice was not so Effect of Immidity
hard nor so tough as on the preceding day — the hvunidity had risen "^ ^^'^ breakmg.
to 90 per cent during the night. Progress on the whole was slower
than on the preceding day. A channel about 300 feet wide was cut
as far as the wharf at Port St. Francis by 5.10 p.m., giving a progress
of two miles in 7| hours. The ice was almost altogether of the con-
glomerate variety already described, and in many cases there were
frazil accumvilations to a depth of 4 to 6 feet under the ice. These
spots retarded very considerably the progress of the work. On return-
ing to Three Rivers the channel was widened out by about 200 feet.
The Lady Grey went into dock at 6.15 p.m.
March 19, 1910. — Fine and clear during the night; line and
clear during the morning. Sky becomes overcast towards noon ; sleet
and rain about 3 p.m. Overcast with occasional showers. Air temp. :
n:ax., 35°, min., 6° F.
The Lady Grey left dock at 6.30 a.m. A water temperature was
taken just opposite Three Rivers (T. + -09° C). On the way to the
head of the cutting a little above the wharf at Port St. Francis the
steamer was run at full speed along the channel. The ship-waves
thus created did considerable service in widening the cut. The waves pep ^ f i •
had little eifect so long as the wave-fronts were at right angles to the in ice breaking,
edges of the channel. Whenever the waves cut the edge of the ice at
a small angle they had considerable effect in breaking up the ice.
Work was begun at the head of the cutting about 7.15 a.m. At
first the ice proved to be fairly heavy and the rate of progress was
about the same as on the preceding day. Some distance ahead could
be described a line of 'air-holes' in the ice in the position indicated i,oics in the ice!
in the map. The ice proved to be considerably thinner as these holes
were approached (about 15 inches). Here the most efficacious method
of making progress was to back three or four hundred yards to enable
24
DEPARTMENT OF MAUIXE AXD FISHERIES
Method of
employing ship
waves.
Temperature of
water in air hole.
Probable cause of
air holes in the lake
ice. •
Appearance of
broken ice.
Water temperature
at end of day's cut.
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
the ship-waves to come into play and travel into the ice. It was then
only necessary to keep to our side of the channel; the ship's waves
followed the ice breaker and broke up the ice two or three hundred
feet to one side. Whenever the ice exceeded 15 inches or so in thick-
ness this method was not so advantageous, the effect of the waves
being then very much less. The Lady Grey made her way into one
of the air-holes mentioned at 10.05 a.m. Although the ice was
thinner here than elsewhere (about 15 inches), it ended abruptly at
the edge of the hole with, a thickness of about 12 inches. A water
temperature taken here gave a very steady reading at 34-3, which
corresponds to a temperature, T. =:^- -118° C. This open space was
one of a chain extending across the outlet of the lake and just over
a shoal almost (excepting in the ship channel) crossing the entire
river. This would seem to indicate that the warmer water of the
bottom of the lake is here thrown upwards to the surface. The fact
that these air-holes have remained open all winter is a striking point
in support of the conclusion made in connection with the ' Rate of
Growth of Surface-ice,' in whicli results are given to show that when
the temperature of running water is slightly above zero ice will not
form unless the mean air-temperature is below a certain limit (the
approximate figures are for water temperature, +-118°C.; ice will
not form unless the mean temperature is below 8° F.).
By 4.50 p.m. a channel was cut along the ship channel about
1,000 feet beyond the sunken wharf, giving a total of 4i miles, or an
average rate of about one-half mile per hour. The lake ice is mostly
about 15 inches of clear, blue ice, with about six inches of frozen
snow on top. In certain places there were frazil accumulations; in
others the ice showed a rotted appearance (a columnar structure at
right angles to the surface). The clear, hard ice was always deeply
pitted on the under surface. A water temperature was taken at the
end of the cut just before turning back (at 4.50 p.m.), Sc. Eeading
3Y-5 (somewhat unsteady), giving T.= + -066° C. This temperature
although taken later in the day was much colder than that of the air-
hole. The Lady Grey returned along the channel already cut out,
and went into dock at 5.40 p.m.
Effect of rain o
the ice and
temperature of
river.
March 20, 1910. — Clear during the night; fog and rain towards
morning; fog and mist until 1 p.m., when weather clears; fine during
the afternoon 'and evening. Air temp.: max., 36° F., min., 28° F.
The Lady Grey left dock at 8 a.m. On the way some time was
spent widening the cut near Nicolet Traverse. Work was begun at
9.30 a.m. at the head of the cut, 1,500 feet above No. 8 Lightship.
Progress was made at the rate of one-half mile per hour. The rain
had softened the ice, which was honeycombed in several places. The
(-ffeet of the rain was seen in the high water-temperatures observed
during the day.
9.30 a.m., near No. 8 Lightship. Sc. R., 34-5, T.= +-115° C.
4.50 a.m., at end of cut 7,500 feet above No. 35 Sc. II., 31-5,.
T.= +.165.
By 4.50 p.m. the cut had advanced 7,500 feet above No. 35 light,
giving a total of 18,600 feet during the day, or a little more than 3i
miles. The Lady Grey docked at Three Rivers about 5.50 p.m.
March 21, 1910. — Bar., 30.05. Fine and clear during tlic night;
fine and clear during the day. Air temp.: max., 36°, min., 16°.
rise of water
temperature down
T =
- -t-
075 the new cut.
T -
- ^-
•125
+
107
+
•100
+
•109
+
•091
ICE FORMATION ON THE ST. LAWRENCE 25
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 21b
The Ladif Oreij lei't dock at G.30 a.m., and proceeded to the end
of the hist day's cut. On the way a water temperature was taken
with the ship moving at full speed. The reading was fairly steady,
and gave, Sc. E., 35-5; T.= + -099. The Lady Grey continued to cut
along the channel, and made an average rate of progress of one-half
mile per hour. By 4.50 p.m. the total made was a little less than five
miles. The ice showed a niucli more rotten appearance than on the
preceding day.
A water temperature taken at the end of the cut hefore turning
gave, Sc. R., 38-5 (somewhat unsteady); T.^=+-050. On the return jprnperaturcs show
journey readings were taken at full speed.
A long the channel between No. 47 and 35 Sc . R . 37 ' 0
P.etueen No. 13 ar-d No. (5 Sc.R. SS'it
A furtiicr series of reading's gave 35'0
.35-4
.34 -it
36 0
The Lady Grey put into dock at Three Rivers about C p.m.
March 22, iP^O.— Water rises 5 inches; height, 33 feet 3 inches.
Overcast during the night, with rain and hail during the morning.
Clears up and is fine and calm from 2 p.m. Air temp.: max., 40°,
min., 28° F.
The Lady Grey left dock at 8.10 a.m. On arriving at Port St. lee begins to move
Francis it was seen that the ice to the north of the channel between °"**
Three Rivers and Port St. Francis was moving down. The ice had
given way along a fissure from No. 8 Lightship along the Pointe du
Lac lights, and the portion to the south of this bounded by the cut-
ting along the ISTicolet Traverse began to move down. The Montcalm
remained at work below Port St. Francis, cutting up the large fields
as they came down, while the Lady Grey worked wherever the water
was deep enough between No. 8 Lightship and Port St. Francis. The
water was so low that the ice grounded on the shallow shoal in the
neighbourhood of the Batture au Fer. By the time the boats left for
Three Rivers a great deal of ice had passed down — but a large piece
was coming down slowly over the shoal opposite Port St. Francis.
By 8 p.m., a great deal of this ice had given way and was seen
•descending opposite Three Rivers.
WATER TEMPERATURES.
8.4') a.m. Half mile below Port St. Francis Sc.R.
2.00 p.m. Near fissure near No. 8 lightship
4.00 p.m. Opposite Point du Lac shoal in cliannel. . .
5.34 p.m. Between Port St. Francis and Three Rivers
March 23, 1910.— Bin:. 30.12. Water height, 33 feet 11 inches.
Fine and clear during the night ; fine and clear during the afternoon ;
sky becomes overcast towards 6 p.m. Air temp.: max., 46°, min., 19°.
After taking on coal, the Lady Grey proceeded up the river. The
ice cut away on the preceding day had become stuck on the shoal
opposite Port St. Francis. This ice was cut through and dislodged.
The Lady Grey spent the day cutting away the ice at the foot of the
lake wherever the depth would allow, while the Montcalm worked
opposite Port St. Francis to keep the ice moving. The area cut away
at the end of the day is shown on the rough sketch map. fig. 2. The
Lady Grey returned to dock at 5.45 p.m.
35-(i
T ^ +
•107
29 0
T = +
•206
3()0
T ^ +
•091
37-7
T = -
•06S
26
DKPARTMEXT OF MAliIXE AND FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
WATKR TEMPERATURES.
J)-20 a.m. Near No. 25 Sc.R. 38!) T = + 043°. Boat stationary .
n • 20 a.m. Between No. 8 liglit and No. 47. Boat Roing at full speed up the ri ver.
Sc. readings taken evt^ry half n:inute :—
35 0 + 107 34 5 + 115 34 0 + 124 33 5 + .131 330 + 140
32-5 + 148 320 + 157 325 + 148 330 + 140 330 + 140
33-5 -t- 131 33 0 + 140 S3 0 I 140.
March 21f., 1910.— Wnter rose 9 inches. Overcast during the
niglit; fine and clear during the day. Air temp.: max., 44°, min.,
27°.
The Lady Grey left dock at 6 a.m., and proceeded up the river to
break away ice in the neighbourhood of Banc des Anglais wherever
the depth of water would allow. The Montcalm steamed at full speed Effect of ^-hip wave.s.
along the channel of Point du Lac lights; the ship-wave generated
had a very considerable effect in breaking away the ice and so widen-
ing the channel. About 11 a.m. the Lady Grey did the same, and
again about 2.30, the interval being employed in cutting into the ice,
sounding continually for depth. The ice became very soft about
1 p.m., and water could be made out flowing over the ice on the south
shore. The Lady Grey stopped work at 3 p.m., and waiting until
5.40, since the ice had been cut away wherever it was safe to go. The
effect of the ship's swell made in going up and down the channel was
instrumental in dislodging and sending down several large pieces
which came down in the course of the afternoon. The Lady Grey left
for Three Rivers at 5.20 p.m., and put into dock about 6.20, after
.S|ii|) waves from 'Lady Grey.'
spending some time in dislodging a field of ice which had stopped on
the shoal opposite Tlirec Kivers.
ICE FORMATIOy 0\ THE ST. LAWREXCE
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 21b
27
_2 a
a; C
^ Ef
s o
* 2
28
DEPARTMENT OE MARIXE AND FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
Temperature of Water temperatures taken throughout tlie dav followed roughly
open river follows , i • " o j
the air temperature, ^hp air temperatures: —
(i.40 a.m. Near No. 13 Sc.R. 408 T = + -013°
10.45 am In cliannel near No. 35 —
Sc.R. 360 35 5 36 0 36 0 35o
T. + 091 + .099 + .091 + -091 + -099°
10.45 a 111. In cliannel near No. 57 Sc.K. 355 T = + ■099°
1.45 p.m. Near No. 8 lightship 32-0 + -157°
210 p.m „ „ 31 0 4- 1730
4.00 p.m. Quarter mile from light 35 390 + 042°
4.40 p.m. „ „ , 39-8 + 029°
March 25, iPiO.— Height of water, 3,5 feet morning-, 35 feet 6
inches evening. Overcast during the night; overcast during the day;
white fog about 8.30 a.m. Overcast during the remainder of the day.
Air temp.: max., 35°, min., 30° F.
The Lady Grey left dock at 6.10 a.m., and proceeded to steam at
full speed along the channel in Lake St. Peter. At 8.30 a.m. fog
obliged the ice breaker to stop work. The Lady Grey stopped near
the Nicolet light until 3.30 p.m., when another run was taken along
the channel. The Lady Grey went into dock about 5.40 p.m.
WATER TEMPERATURES.
7.00 a.m. Sc.R. 41-0 T = + 010. Nicolet Traverse.
3.00 )). Ill, 370 + 075. In channel along Point flu Lac lights.
March 26, 1910. — Height of water, 36 feet. Overcast during the
night ; overcast during the afternoon ; clears up about 6.30 p.m.,
and again becomes overcast about 9 p.m. Air temp. : max., 44°.,
min.. 28° F.
After taking on coal, the Lady Grey left dock at 9.30, and
steamed at full speed along the channel to one mile below No. 57
buoy. Anchored about 11.30 a.m., and remained at anchor until 3.15
p.m., when another run was made along the channel. The Lady Grey
arrived in dock about 5.10 p.m.
WATER TEMPERATURES.
Effect of sun on
temperature of !'.>50 a.iu. Sc.I{. S'.to T=+ 0.34°|C Between Three Rivers and Port St
•water. 11.00 a.ir.. 38 5 +0.50 1" Francis channel .\ mile below No. 57
12.30 380 043^ .^ . , ' m- w t^ 01
1.^ AF. S91 OJC anchor above Nicolet lA. Sky
jQ- V) 1 040 1 overcast— current li m. per hour.
9q'q oq.i -040) Ice about It, miles upstream
2.33 ' 37-2 -Qll^
2'39 36'6 '081 \ Sun shining. Thermometer in shade.
2.46 36-6 081]
2.50 36-8 078 1 ^ 1 i ^
2.56 37-0 -071/ •'-'m clouded.
3.00 36-5 0821 ^ , . .
3.15 36-5 082/ ^-»u shimng.
These measurements show very markedly the effect of the sun in
raising the water temjierature.
March 27, 1910.- — Height of water, 36 feet 4 inches morning, 36
feet 8 inches evening. Fine and clear during the night; tine and
clear during the day. Air temp.: max., 42°, min., 23° F.
The Lady Grey left dock about 8.30 a.m., and proceeded up the
river. The entire day was passed at anchor about one-half mile above
the Nicolet light. An interesting series of measurements, showing
the heating effect of the sun on tlie water, was taken. The current
ICE FORM ATI OX OX THK sT. LAWh'EXCE
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 21b
29
1
V
^
^-''
L^
/
>
/"
<
,/
/
"3
/
/
/
/
•
e^
•
\*
•
•
!
>«
\
'si liC "^ J-
^1
\
\,
\
\
^i
Vv
\,
\
\
• s
■>-
\
^.
-N
X,
V
^1
O
5n!
>
' °5
" ^
'ii?
°^
■ °55
°^
■^
•
55
.••i
S
30
DEPARTMENT OF MARINE AND FISHERIES
Effect of i^un in
warm ill"; water.
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
was about li miles per hour, and the edge of the ice-field about IJ
miles up-stream : — •
Time of Day.
Time.
Sc.
Reading.
Temp.C.
Air
Temp.
Real
Humidity
0.52 a.m.
0
3G-5
+ -088"C
10.11
19
35
8
094
41°F
51%
10 25
33
35
3
•102
10 41
49
34
4
•117
11.04
72
33
4
•133
33"
43%
11.40
108
33
4
•133
11.53
121
.SI
0
■163
:i6°
48%
12.52 p.m.
200
30
2
•187
1.24
212
30
2
•187
1..S1
219
29
9
•192
IM,
244
29
3
•201
2.13
261
29
6
196
40°
52%
2.44
292
30
3
•185
2.52
300
30
5
■182
3.05
313
30
7
•178
4r
50%
3.35
343
31
6
•163
S.-'JM
366
32
5
•148
42°
53%
4.20
388
33 4
133
4.30
398
33 6
•130
42=
69
These results are given on the accompanying curve. As vs^e
should expect, the curve of temperature is a portion of a sin-curve,
since the amount of heat received from the sun per unit area is pro-
portional to cos &, when est is the altitude of the sun at any time, and
& is, of course, proportional to the time.
Waiting for lake ice
to move down.
Overcast sky
produces low water
temperature.
March 28, 1910.— Bar., 29. G5. Height of water, 36 feet 9 inches
morning, 37 feet evening. Fine and clear during the night ; over-
cast towards morning; squall of wind and hail about 8.30 a.m.; clears
up about 11 a.m., and is fine and clear during the remainder of the
day. Air temp. : max., 44°, min., 28° F.
The Lady Grey left dock at 6.30 a.m., and proceeded up to the
head of the cut in Lake St. Peter. Ice there still fairly firm. The
channel was enlarged wherever the depth of water would allow. The
Lady Grey came to anchor at the foot of the lake until 2 p.m. The
remainder of, the afternoon was spent cutting into the ice wherever
the water was deep enough. Owing to the height of the water it was
possible to cut away several large pieces. The Lady Grey returned
to dock about 6 p.m.
WATKR TEMPERATURES.
8.00 a.m Sc.K. 4(1 !l T. = +011"
10.00 a.m 39.3 t- • 037 at head of cut.
The effect of the overcast sky was to give very low temperatures.
March 20, 1910. — Height of water, 37 feet 1 inch morning, 37
feet 1 inch evening. Fine and clear during the night; fine and clear
during the day. Air temp.: max., 50°, min.. 36° F.
The Lady Grey, after taking on coal, left dock at 9.30 a.m. A
trip was made along the channel, after which the Lady Grey anchored
about one-half mile above Nicolet light. Temperatures were taken
HE FORMATION OX THE m\ LAWRENCE
31
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 21b
at short intervals until 2.1 (
March 27 was obtained: —
at short intervals until 2.1(5 i).ni. A curve similar to that obtained on Absorption of sun's
licat in the water.
Time of day.
Time.
Su. R.
Temp.
9.30 a.m.
0
35 3
+ 102'>C.
11.25
11 0 mill.
32 3
+ 1.52
11.36
126
32 0
+ •157
11.47
137
31-2
•170
12.09
159
306
•180
12.23
173
29-7
•195
1.11 p.m.
221
28-4
•216
1.35
245
27-8
•226
1.58
268
29-7
•195
2.16
286
28-8
•211
Towards 2 p.m. tlie Jjidi/ Grey proceeded dead slow against the
current up to the edge of the ice, a distance of 12,200 feet. Tempera-
tyres were taken at intervals of a minute to the edge of the ice. In
this way it was possible to show the temperature gradient towards the
edge of the ice : —
Time of day.
Time.
Sc. R.
Temp.
2^16
80
28-8
+ 210<"C.
2 18
78
•9
•208
219
77
29 0
•206
220
76
1
205
2-22
74
28-7
•211
2-23
73
29 1
•205
2 24
72
•2
•203
2-25
71
•1
•205
2-27
69
•5
•198
2-29
67
30 1
•188
230
66
•2
•186
231
65
•3
•185
2 32
64
•3
•185
2-33
63
•6
■180
2-34
62
•2
186
2-35
61
•5
■ 182
2-36
60
•8
177
2-37
59
31- 0
173
2-38
58
30^8
177
2 39
57
■;")
■182
2-40
56
7
■178
241
55
30-5
182
2-42
54
4
■183
2 43
53
■6
180
2-44
fi'>
2
•186
245
51
29 ■ 8
•193
246
50
•6
■197
2-48
48
28 0
■222
249
47
27 7
•227
2-50
46
'5
•236
251
45
•6
•229
2-52
44
28-2
•220
2 54
■i-2
•0
222
2-55
41
27-8
•226
2 56
40
■9
•224
2
57
39
•6
■229
2
58
38
•9
■224
2
59
37
•7
■227
3
00
36
•8
■226
3
01
35
•5
•231
3
02
34
•1
■237
3
03
33
••>
■236
Sliowinir effect of ic
on temperature of
water.
32
DEPARTMENT OF MARINE AND FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
Time of day
Time.
Sc. R. Teni]).
3 04
32
•4 1
232
3 0-)
31
3
234
3 0(i
30
8
226
3 07
29
28
0
222
308
28
4
216
3 10
26
3
218
311
25
29
0
206
3 12
24
28
8
210
3 13
23
5
215
314
22
9
208
3 15
21
9
208
3 1(>
20
9
208
3 18
18
29
3
201
3 19
17
30
2
187
3 20
16
2
187
3 21
15
29
8
193
3 22
14
31
2
170
3 23
13
1
172
3 24
12
0
173
3-26
10
5
165
3 27
9
32
0
157 -
3-28
8
0
157
3-30
6
31
7
162
3-31
5
32
4
150
3 32
4
33
0
140
3 33
3
32
8
143
3 34
2
33
0
140
3-35
1
33
5
131
3 35-5
0-5
34
0
123
3 36
0
107
Conglomerate ir-e
lasts longer tlian
conduction surface
ice.
Clear ice very
rotten.
Lake ice moving
out.
March SO, 1910. — Height of water, 37 feet 9 inches. Clear during
the night; overcast during the morning; clear towards noon; over-
east during the afternoon and evening, with fresh N.E. wind. Air
temp. : max., 38°, min., 34° F.
The Lady Grey left dock at 6.30 a.m., and proceeded up the lake
to the head of the cut, slicing away the ice along the channel wher-
ever possible. The ice was very rotten. The cut was continued for
a distance of 3-} miles. Considerable quantities of conglomerate
frazil ice were met with along this cut; this ice was still fairly firm,
and was by no means as badly honeycombed as the uniform ice else-
where. This is due to the fact that the axes of greatest conduction
are pointing in all directions, and besides layers of frozen snow, &c.,
prevent the conduction of heat from the water and air into the ice.
Beyond this frazil accumulation the clear ice was very rotten. The
Lady Grey cut through 2,000 feet of this ice without stopping. The
Lady Grey anchored about 3 p.m., but owing to a slight break in the
engine room was obliged to return to Three Rivers with one engine.
The Lady Grey docked about 5.10 p.m.
Water temperatures : —
7 a.m. -Sc.R. 39-3 T = +0.37 between Three Rivers and Port St. Francis .
2.30 p.m.— 350 + 107 in channel.
March 31, 1910. — Overcast during the night, with heavy rain ;
overcast during the morning; weather clears towards noon, and
remains fine and clear. Air temp.: max., 48°, min., 34°.
The Lady Grey left dock at 9.30 a.m. On arriving at Port St.
Francis it was noticed that the whole body of lake ice was moving
ICE FORMATION ON THE ST. LAWRENCE 33
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 21b
down. The Montcalm and the Lady Grey spent the entire day in
patrolling- the foot of the lake, cutting np the ice as it came down and
in dislodging the ice when it stopped or showed signs of slowing up.
The boats returned to dock about C p.m.
Water temperatures : —
10 a. in. — Sc. R. 35 T = + ' lu7" C.
April 1, 1910. — Fine and clear during the night; fine and clear
during the day. Air temp. : max., 43°, min., 32° F.
The Lady Grey, after taking on coal, left Three Rivers about
9 a.m. During the morning ice had been moving out of the lake. Rliip« break up a
About 10 a.m. the whole field was stuck along the channel near No. 8 J|^['J "^^ j^'^^t the
lightship. Both the Monlcalm and the Lady Grey set to work to cut
a channel through this field. The ice started to move about 2 p.m.,
and the two boats retreated to the foot of the lake, where they kept
cutting through the ice as it came down, and so enabling it to pass
easily through Port St. Francis. The two boats returned to Three
Kivers about 5.30 p.m.
Water temperatures : — •
9 a.m.— Sc.R. 2noT = + ^OO near Port St. Franci.s.
9.20a.m.-Sc.K. 29 0.
The water temperature is here rising owing to breaking up of the Open water
ice and exposure of surface. produces higher
temperature.
April 2, 1910. — Fine and clear during the night; same during
the forenoon; partly cloudy during the afternoon and evening. Air
temp. : max., 47°, min., 36° F.
The Lady Grey left Three Rivers about 6 a.m. On arriving in
the lake it was found to be clear of ice, with the exception of the
north side of the channel. Along the Point du Lac channel the ice
on the south side had shoved and piled up over the ice on the north Stranded masses of
side, with the result that large masses of ice were stranded on the "^® '^^* '" ^^'^ ^^^^'
bottom in 15 to 18 feet of water. These ' shoves ' were as much as 15
feet high. These had the effect of anchoring the ice on the north
side. During the forenoon the Lady Grey ran up and down the
channel at full speed close to the edge of the ice in order to break up
the ice by means of the ship's swell. At 12.30 a.m. it was decided to "Lady Grev" starts
proceed up to Sorel ; the loose ice met with on the way was very ^°'" ^°^^^-
rotten owing to the high temperature of the water. Opposite the
lights on Stone island a very heavy piece of ' batture ' was found
barring the way. This ice was about 4 feet thick and packed with
frazil underneath. Above this barrier the ice extended about three-
quarters of a mile. This batture proved to be the hardest ice to cut Bad jam at Stone
of any met with during the winter. As soon as this mass, which was I^'and.
only about 100 yards wide, had been cut through, the ice above easily
gave way before the ship, and open water was met with at the head
of Boat island. The Lady Grey arrived in Sorel at 4.35 p.m. .\rrival at Sorel.
Water temperatures: —
1 p.iii.~Opp. Port St. Francis— Sc.R. 17-3T = + -397" C. Ice extending for 2 „ ,.
miles up stream. Lake ojien abnve. Keadinj^s show
1.55 p.m.-In channel alontr I'oint du Lac Range-So. H. 17-5T = + •.S94-C '"."V^"*''^ '^' '^■^""
3.15 p.ni.-In ship cliannel below Stone I.sland-T. -^ = OGO" C. Ice jamn.td ^"'''^V'^*" "^t^''" ""
opposite Sorel. "^•«''" temperature.
4.30 p.m.— In channel opposite Sorel— Temp, with Mercury Thermometer, 343
F. T. = +1 3=C.
21b— 3
34 DEPARTMENT OF MAIiIXE AXD FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
It will bo ^indorstood from these vnhies to what extent the
weakening- of the river ice in the spring is due to a very small in-
"D<SMcle." crease in the temperature of the Avatcr. The ' debacle ' begins on the
land. The sun's heat melts the snow, with the result that heated
w-atcr drains into the small brooks, &c., where this heat is absorbed,
melting away the ice. As soon as the ice has disappeared in these
small tributaries the larger creeks and streams are the next to feel
the effect of the warmed water, whose heat is absorbed in clearing
them of ice. This is the order along which the process goes on, and
evidently the last ice to go is that in the main waterway. This
accounts for the rule stated by the river pilots and captains, that the
Lake St. Peter ice begins to move a stated number of days after the
Effect, of tlie Richelieu is free of ice. This means that the Richelieu, once clear
Richelieu on ti.e ^£ j^g^ jg ^^^^ ^^ supply heat at a definite rate to the colder St. Law-
rence. Since there as approximately the same quantity of ice to be
melted every year before the lake ice becomes weak enough to start,
the process will require an interval of time, which is not very different
year by year.
April 3, 1910. — Fine and clear during the night, with fresh wind;
fine and clear during the day.
The Lady Grey left Sorel for Montreal at 5.30 a.m. The whole
river was practically free from ice; here and there large piles of ice
on the banks showed where a ' shove ' had taken place. The Lady
"I,:\fly Crpy" Grcy arrived in Montreal at 9 a.m., the first steamer of the season
arrives in Montreal, to come up the St. Lawrence to Montreal.
Montcalm arrived in Montreal on April 3 also.
SECTION II.
Measurement of water temperatures by means of a new marine
Thermometer.
One of the most imi)ortant developments resulting from the
study of ice conditions under the assistance of the department, has
been the perfection of a new type of marine thermometer, which was
specially designed for obtaining small variations in water tempera-
ture from the ship going at full speed.
Ill 189G, I first drew attention to the important influence which
tlio minute variations of water temperature had on the formation and
disintegration of ice. An electrical thermometer of special design
was employed at that time, but this instrument proved to be much
too delicate for work on board ship.
After several trials and failures, an instrument was evolved which
has proved to be very satisfactory for our work. Our thermometer,
a description of which follows, was arranged to be supported over the
side of the ship about five feet under the surface of the water. Wires
led from tliis instruineiit to lhe chart romii. where a simple wire
bridge and Weston portable galvauunieter made it possible for us to
accurately record temperatures to Mooo of a degree centigrade. This
could be done while the ship steamed at full speed, with the greatest
ease. This gave us a measure of the average temperature of the water
over a wide area, a measurement of great iiiiportanee, as we shall
show in a later work.
HE FOUMATIOS O.V Till-: ST. LAWIU-JXCE 35
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 21b
irithcrto iiKiriiic tfini)craturos have Ikhmi made entirely by the
' drop bucket ' method at stated intervals. This jjives, however, by no
means an accurate idea of the true water temperature. The influence
of local surface currents are completely averaged mit hy the electrical
method, and much new and usefid information cuuld be obtained by
a temperature -iirvey n\' the ecenii with this instrument. The ther-
mometer is of the electrical resistance type, in which the variations
of the resistance of a metal wire serve to liive a measure of the
changes of ten.iix'raturi- ef llu^ inediuiii in wliidi the instrument is
immersed.
The resistance of the wii'e i- made so high that small variations
in temperature produce comparatively large increments of resistance.
The- problem of suitably arranging the measuring instruments and
galvanometer is a math.ematical one, to be worked out for each par-
ticular resistance.
It was decided to make the ceil ef 12.") ohms, consisting of 250
feet of pure iron wire wilk, covered and wound on a copper cylinder
about four inches in diameter and six inches wide. This cylinder
fitted accurately inside a second copper cylinder. The ends of the
cylinders were carefully soldered and rendered water-tight, while the
connecting wires passed out through the middle of the outer cylinder.
A stout copper tube was riveted on to the outer cylinder, to which
other copper tubes could be fastened. The Avires passed through a
lead cable to the chart house, where they were connected to the bridge
for obtaining a measure of the thermometer resistance. Thus the
absolute temperature as w^ell as the small variations could be accur-
ately measured. More recent development has shown that it is
possible to record automatically the temperature to Moo of a degree
by means of a suitable modification and combination of a Calendar
recorder and our wire bridge. Although these additions were not
made in time to include in our ice studies, they are at the time of
writing being employed in an investigation of the influence of ice-
bergs on the temperature of the sea water now being carried out by
the kind permission of the department on the trip of the C.G.S.
Stanley to Hudson straits. I shall have the honovir of presenting a
report of this work at a later date. ^luch valuable information was
made possible with the iise of this instrument. Readings could be
taken as often as everj' half minute, and hence curves could be plotted
showing the variations of water temjieratures. So sensitive was this
thermometer to the changes in temperature of the water, that the
influence of the sun shining for one minute on the open water was
easily measured. A temperature gradient of Mo of one degree per
mile was accurately recorded as the shij) stennuNl at half speed from
(■pen water up towards an ice field.
The final form of concentric ring thermometer was not obtained
without many trials and alterations before the best form was devised.
.Many discouragements and failures through faulty insulations
were overcome, but it may be said that the final form is free from
fault in that it is of great strength combined with the maximum
sensitiveness necessary.
I am deeply indebted to the department for the necessary assist-
ance in perfecting this instrument, which I hope may be of practical
assistance in marine work. Other forms may be devised for i^orma-
nently fastening on the side of a ship, but a description of these must
be reserved until later.
21b— 3 .\
36 DEPARTMEXT OF MARIXE AXD FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 191 I
SECTION III.
Effect of the sun on general ice conditions. Absorption of the
sun's heat in the water.
It is evident from ^\y. Kinp's report on the iee conditions
throughout the winter, and more especially in the spring, that the
sun is the ehief factor in rotting the newly-formed ice and preventing
the formation of ice in open water.
It has been kncfwn for a long time to power-liouse operators
using water, that no bad effects from frazil or anchor ice are -ever
noticed when the sun is shining. Even though a ' shut down ' has
occurred, as a rule, a few hours of sunshine the next day relieves the
situation. Not until the present work was completed did I fully
realize the great influence of the sun as a means for reducing the
formation of ice.
As soon as the whole body of water is brought to the freezing
point in the autumn the formation of surface ice proceeds at a rapid
rate at all points where the current is not flowing too swiftly for
ripples and eddies to form. Once the surface has solidified the wind
has no further influence on it. Coarse-grained ice such as is usually
formed at first, and especially ice on the surface on which snow has
accumulated, scatters the sun's heat and prevents its absorption by
the water. Thus the surface ice becomes a means of keeping the
water at the freezing point during the winter and long into the
, spring, when the ice is disintegrated by the sun's heat. Without the
surface ice the sun's heat is absorbed practically completely, and the
temperature is elevated sufiiciently above the freezing point to prevent
the formation of ice.
Surface ice can form only at such times when the air is below the
freezing point, the wind is not blowing and the current is not suffi-
ciently rapid to produce eddies. The problem of preventing surface
ice from forming is not so difficult when these various factors are
taken into account. The problem of artificial wave production is one
which we are considering as a practical means of preventing surface
ice.
The effect of keeping the river open at Cap Rouge was felt all.
the way up to Three Rivers. This was mostly due to the free rise
and fall of the tide not being interfered with by the ice bridge. The
open water also served as a great absorption chamber for the sun's
heat. Our water temperature measurements in the channel at Quebec
were surprisingly high, and had a great influence in weakening the
ice. The effect of several days of bright sunshine during the early
part of March is shown in the accompanying curve.
Some important preliminary conclusions were arrived at by Mr.
King from a study of the curves taken at Tliree Rivers of the absorp-
tion of the sun's heat in the open water. These curves were repeated
several times, and by the kind courtesy of the department the
measurements were continued at Crane island during the latter part
of the month of April,
The curve shown on page 29, taken from the observations made
on March 27 from, the deck of the Lady Grey at anchor, shows the re-
markable accuracy witli wliich small measurements can be obtained. '
ICE FORMATION OX THE ST. LAWRENCE
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 21b
37
FUICRE No. }.
10
/
/
M
Ils.OL
y^
^
^
■01
0
lA M
/a M
(a M
la tA
^larcli, 1910. Rise of water temperature.
(3 M
/3^\
The diurnal variation is represented not by a single sine har-
monic curve, but more accurately by a quasi-periodic function of the
typ'^.—
.= Ae
"',^|si„?I'(UE)_Sin^^E].
where 6 is temperature at time t,
do is the temperature at noon (t=0).
T is the length of a day (24 hours),
e is the base of naperian logarithms.
A is a constant.
a, (3, E, are constants which can be expressed in terms of the
solar and radiation constants, svm's declination, hititude,
«S:c .
In the curves shown on p. 29, the heavy one represents the result
of the observations, the dotted curve the theoretical curve of the
38 DEPARTMENT OF MARINE AND FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
type shown. The observations are shown by the small circles, and it
will be seen that the fluctuations are only a few thousandths of a
degree, the whole range in temperature is only 0-15° C. On April
13 another similar curve was obtained with a range of only Tkmi of a
degree.
A reni;irk;il)le result was shown by the high value of the solar
constant, even though the sky was clouded. The clouds act as a
blanket in cutting down the radiation constant from the earth.
An interesting feature of the Crane island work was the differ-
ence in the character of the rise of temperature in the water below
and above 4° C, the point of maximum density. As soon as the
water was warmed by the sun it sank, giving rise to a fairly uniform
temperature throughout the water. As soon as the 4° was passed the
warm water tended to remain on top, thereby giving greater extremes
of temperature at the surface. I have shown elsewhere that nearly
the whole of the solar heat is absorbed in the first five feet of water.
The action of the sun in dislodging anchor ice makes it appear
probable that some heat may penetrate as far as 30 feet below the
surface in a comparatitvely clear river water.
It was interesting to observe the effect of scattered clouds on the
temperature of the open river. Thus temperature streaks were
observed in the water during such times, denoting the effect of a
strong sun contrasted with the weaker radiation through the clouds.
In the accompanying curve, No. 5, is shown the result of the
Crane island observations, and illustrates the way in which the water of
the river rises in temperature. With the ship at anchor the current was
sufficient to give a fairly accurate integration of the temperature,
similar to the ship in motion in quiet water. There appears to be
some source of radiant heat other than the direct rays of the sun.
This is probably a scattering effect from the upper layers of the
atmosphere before the sun actually rises.
SECTION IV.
Influence of Ice on the Temperature of Water.
Some observations were uiade by Mr. King, and detailed under
date of March 29, pages 31 and 32 in this report, which in a remark-
able way illustrate the effect of ice in lowering the temperature of the
water.
From anchor at Port I'rancis the ship steamed at half speed up
towards the field of ice on Lake St. Peter, from which the water was
running. The accompanying diagram (fig. 6) illustrates the results
of the observations. The map included in the diagram shows the
direction of the ship, marked off in thousand feet intervals. The set
of the current is shown by the dotted lines and the edge of the ice
field is shown by heavy dotted lines. The curve is seen to fall at
first, indicating the nearer approach to the ice, then rise again as the
distance between the ice field and the ship becomes greater (measured
along the direction of the current) ; from a distance of one mile the
temperature drojx at tlic rare of ^io of a degree per mile until within
500 feet, wlicii it (\\n\)> mere rapidly. These results suggest a possible
KK lOUMlTlOS U\ Tin: ST. LAWRESCE
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 21b
39
40 DEPARTMENT OF MARINE AND FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
means of telling the proximity of large masses of ice in the open
water of the sea. Otto Pettersson has shown in his study of the
influence of icebergs on ocean currents, that a large mass of ice acts
thermodynamically as a great source of energy. Thus he finds that
there are three currents set up by an iceberg in melting. A fresh
water cold current which rises and flows out on all sides from, the
berg, an under-current of cold saline water which sinks, and a middle
warmer current which sets in towards the berg and melts it away
around its central portion. It is a matter of interest to see how far
away it is possible to tell the presence of the berg by a delicate ther-
mometer. The importance of this work has been recognized by the
department, who at the time of writing has allowed Mr. King to
n:ake some observations from the C.G.S. Stanley during her trip to-
ll udson straits.
Other facts make it appear probable that delicate recording
thermometers would be of use to a ship navigating the ice track.
Thus the temperature of the Arctic current is influenced by the
proximity of masses of ice, and it is hoped that some useful informa-
tion may be obtained from observations now being made by Mr. King-
August 6. — At the time of revising this report word has been
received from Mr. King that interesting results are being obtained.
SECTION V.
On the Rate of Growth of Surface Ice.
The rate at which ice will grow on the surface of a lake or river
and the thickness it will attain during any particular season, is a
matter of considerable interest. There has been very little, if any,
scientific work done in this direction, and the data available are
practically useless for determining more than approximately what the
growth will be in any particular case. The meteorological conditions
are so varied that this complicates the question. The opportunity to
study the natural growth of ice is not often at hand with suitable
conditions for obtaining measurements. A favourable chance came
only once during Mr. King's stay on the Lady Grey, and the result of
his measurements is recorded in this report, on page 16. Neverthe-
less it has been possible to obtain much valuable information from a.
study of these measurements. At my request, Mr. King has spent a
great deal of time analysing these results, and while we feel that
more extended measurements are required to verify and support the
various points raised, yet the matter is of so much interest and im-
portance that I venture to give some account of it here. It is not
possible in this report to give an adequate description of the mathe-
matical analysis necessary to arrive at the various conclusions, but I
reproduce here the main points, leaving to some future time the full'
discussion in order that more extended observations may be made.
The main factor in ice formation is the loss of heat due to conduction
through the ice into the air, but the growth of ice will be affected by
loss or gain of heat due to convection currents in the water. There
will be a cooling effect due to evaporation from the surface of the
ice, which will be governed by the relative humidity of the atmos-
phere and by the velocity of air currents over the surface of the ice..
ICE FORMATION ON THE ST. LAWRENCE 41
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 21b
There will also be a loss or gain of heat due to radiation. This will
include the effect of radiation to the ice from the atmosphere, and the
reverse effect of radiation from the ice. The effect of conduction is
the largest, and the others may be considered small in comparison.
It makes the problem simpler to consider the equations for the first
and largest conditions, and then see what effect each one of the others
has on it, rather than try to deduce an expression involving them all,
which would prove to be too complicated. In the first case, that of
ice losing heat by conduction, we consider a slab of ice kept at the
freezing point on one side and losing heat to the air on the other.
The boundary condition between the ice and air is specified by
Newton's law of cooling, which states that at the boundary the rate
of loss of heat is proportional to the difference of temperature between
the surface of the conductor and the air temperature. The condi-
tions must be in this case still air saturated with moisture.
Under these simple conditions, an expression of the form — ■
can readily be obtained where — ■
K = conductivity of ice.
f> ■=^ density of ice.
L== latent heat of fusion of ice.
0 = temperature of air.
x = distance the ice has attained at a time t.
Iq = an expression whose physical interpretation is that of
distance.
Thus if heat flows from a conducting slab to a bad conducting
material at temperature of -0° , the result is the same as though the
thickness of the conductor were increased by an amount l^, and the
surface kept at the temperature --d°- In order to determine l^ it is
necessarj' to take a series of observations on the rate of growth of an
ice sheet.
EFFECT OF CONVECTION ON THE RESULT.
Precise measurements to ^/iooo of a degree have shown variations
of the order of Hoo of a degree about zero in the temperature of the
St. Lawrence river during winter. Sometimes this is above and
sometimes below the freezing point. If the water under the ice is in
motion, as is usually the case in the St. Lawrence, then convection
currents play an important part in adding to or melting the under-
side of the ice. Usually the water under the ice is slightly warmer
than the freezing point, and hence the introduction of a term in the
equation may be shown to indicate that a limiting thickness exists
to which ice will grow, which may be deduced if we examine an
experimental curve such as Mr. King obtained, and a theoretical
expression for the rate of growth deduced from the consideration of
the effect of conduction alone.
This idea of a limiting thickness is a very important one. and
Mr. King has shown that the limits depend on the mean air tempera-
ture over a given period and the mean water temperature measured
from the freezing point in Mooo of a degree. Thus it is possible to
arrange in the form of a diagram a simple means for finding the
42
DETAiriMEXT OF MA HIM- WD FI^HERIE8
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
ICE roiniATiox ox the st. lawrence 43
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 21b
limitinff thickness t<» which ire will lii-ow having given these two
conditions. The condition of ' no-ice' may exist, and these limits are
quite readily obtained from the diagram. The appearance of open
holes in a lake or river otherwise frozen over thus becomes easily
explained. Some point such as a shoal where the warmer under water
is deflected up to the surface, or whore a warm spring of water rises
from the bottom of a lake. 'Nreasurements recorded from the Ladi/
Greii show a decidedly higher temperature in one air hole in Lake
St. Peter (page 24).
AT.\roSPHKRIC HUMIDITY.
The effect of evaporation from the surface of the ice is one
which has been hitherto almost entirely overlooked. The eifect was
noticeil last year on the ice breaking operations of the Montcalm, and
mentioned in my report. The same effect was observed this year on
more than one occasion, as is mcntoned in section I.
The effect of humidity on the growth of >urface ice is sur-
prisingly great in the initial stages, but as we might surmise, becomes
smaller as the ice grows in thickness. On dry days surface ice forms
much more readily than on damp days with no evaporation.
It is possible to arrive at some important conclusions in consider-
ing the effect of humidity on the rate of grow^th of ice. The tempera-
ture at the surface of ice is higher than the air temperature, especially
when the ice is thin. The relative humidity of the air at the surface
of the ice will be diminished, that is evaporation will take place with
greater rapidity, so that the cooling effect will be greater than the
depression of the wet and dry bulb hygrometer. This is supported
by the fact that dense clouds of hoar frost emanate from the surface
of open water and thin ice in cold weather (6 below 10° F.). The air
in contact with the water and thin ice is warmed to some extent, and
so is able to take up more water vapour than it can contain when it
is carried by convection into the colder portions of the atmosphere.
Thus even when the relative humidity of the air is 100 per cent
evaporation may still go on over water and over ice which is thin
enough to transmit sufficient heat and sensibly warm the air in
inunediato contact with it.
Since the latent heat of evaporation is very large, the effect is
very great in the early stages of ice formation, increasing the growth
at least 50 per cent up to nearly one inch in thickness. (See fig. 8.)
EFFl'XT OK HADIATKi.V.
The layer of ice is capable of losing or gaining heat from the
atmosphere by direct radiation. Owing to lack of experimental data
on the diathermancy of ice and how the transmission is affected by
its thickness, it is difficult to estinuUe the effect on ice formation
arising from this cause, but it is probably small. It would seem that
ice would bo transparent to the radiation from water at zero. If,
therefore, the radiation term is independent, or almost so, of the
thickness of the ice, the effect may be included with that due to con-
vection. The term will depend on the state of the sky, the amount of
sunlight and the condition of the surface of the ice as regards an
opaque layer of snow. The accompanying diagrams illustrate the
conclusions arrived at Ironi o\ir study of ice conditions: —
Curves — Experimental curve (fig. 7).
Effect of humidity (fig. 8).
Limiting thickness (tigs, d, 10 and 11).
44
DEPARTMENT OF MARINE AND FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 191t
ICE FOiniATION OX THE ST. LAWRENCE
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 21b
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1 GEORGE v., A. 191 !
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ICE FOR MAT I OS <)\ Tin: ST. I . AW li E \ C K 47
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 21b
SECTION VI.
Some problems affecting the maintenance of an open channel
between Montreal and Quebec during the winter.
While my work ha^ been in-iniarily tu Ki'ther iuiorraatioii of
scientific value in connection with ice formation, I could not help
devoting- much study and thought to the question of an open channel
through the river and possible winter navigation of the St. Lawrence.
With the growth of the volume of trade and the opening up of the
west, the needs of a winter port at Montreal will be greatly felt.
QVhile I believe the use of ice breakers at suitable points would
undoubtedly be eifective in clearing the channel of ice throughout the
winter, I do not think the river as it is at present would be commer-
cially navigable under such circumstances') (The danger to ships
would be too great from inshore ice and snowstorms to make it
possible to take the risk?) ((^uite apart from this, however, incalcul-
able good would result from the clear channeD \JFloods would be
avoided, and the season of navigation would be substantially in-
creased, at both ends.^J
It must not be understood that I regard winter navigation as
impossible. On the contrary, I believe that a moderate expenditure
of money in various parts of the river would so alter the conditions
as to vastly improve the channel in summer and render the course
safe and secure in winter. I believe this so firmly, that I have no
hesitation in predicting tha^_^lonti:eaL-will l)c -a„vearh'-port just as
soon as the commercial interest^ demand it. The problem will notbe
found to b^ so ditfTpnlt or_so_ expensive as it^is. at present _believed.
I am not basing my conclusions alone on my many years' study
of the ice conditions in the river, for as early as 1886 the Royal Com-
mission appointed to study the St. Lawrence river, with a view to
finding some remedy for the winter and spring floods, issued a very
elaborate and valuable report, giving a careful ice survey of the river
above and below ^lontreal. The result of their study showed that the
floods were occasioned by the winter packing of the ice, and that all
this could be avoided by keeping the channel open to tide water. The
St. Lawrence is not subject to floods such as affect many of the Ameri-
can rivers ; its flow is more uniform. The winter and spring floods
are entirely due to ice jams. Floods may last for a few hours, or a
week or more. The one of 1858 lasted two weeks. There are certain
critical spots in the river, where the ice forms first which starts the
pack. ThjiSr-ftt-Lake St._J^£ter_the ice bridge causes tiie.wiitcr-to-ri6e
bpbiiid it. The winter level of Lake St. Feter itself is four or five
feet higher than the summer level, while the river below is open, but
when that is closed it rises seven or eight feet.
Mr. T. C. Keefer, C.M.G., one of the greatest authorities on the
ice conditions of the St. Lawrence, describes, in his Presidential
Address before Section Three of the Royal Society of Canada, the
taking of the ice over the St. Lawrence in ISSO, when he studied the
question as a member of the Flood Commission. That year, the ice
bridge took at Xicolet, the lower end of Lake St. Peter, on December
•i, and the lake was covered to Stone island. 20 miles above, in 30
hours. The ice then reached Sorel, seven miles further on, in l-l
/li
48 DEPARTMENT OF MARINE AND FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
hours after. It reached Vcrcheres, 23 miles ahove, in 78 hovn-s. After
five days thaw, it reached Verennes, goins nine miles in seven days.
The upward march to Longue Point (seven miles) was made in two
days of cold weather. The whole of the river channel for 55 miles
above Lake St. Peter to Lachine rapids was covered in about three
weeks.
At the St. Mary's current, ice shoves are most frequent. Some-
times the water rises as rapidly as a foot in less than two minutes.
During the great flood of 188G, the water in Montreal harbour rose
27 feet above the summer level, by an ice jam below Hochelaga. This
gave way suddenly, before the pressure caused by this head, and the
ice-laden wave (starting at 27 feet) was precipitated down the river.
It dropped in amplitude only three feet in the first mile, and was
20 feet at Longue Point, which elevation it maintained for a distance
of 30 miles. It finally reached Sorel with a height of 16 feet above
summer level, in 10 hours, going at the rate of 4J miles per hour.
Undoubtedly this is one of the greatest bores on record.
The Flood Commissioners, after very careful deliberation, came
to the conclusion that winter navigation was perfectly feasible, and
that there would be a great deal to be gained by keeping the St. Law-
rence clear of ice, from Montreal to tide water, in order to give a free
passage for the ice. They recommended the use of breakers, and a
boom to be built across the base of Lake St. Louis, to keep back the
lake ice. Ice-breaking tugs for the harbour of Montreal were author-
ized in 1885, but were never put in operation:^^^xperiments on explo-
sives to break up the ice jams were tried, but were found to be of
little use in the masses of packed ice. . /Moreover, they were very
expensive, quite apart from any value in moving the jamsTl Recent
experiments in Russia have given the same result.
They stated that the prevention of the ice bridge at Lake St.
i Peter would result in an open channel up to the Lachine rapids. The
current under a head of one and one-fifth of an inch per mile, was
found to be ijffective in other parts of the river in keeping the surface
j clear of ice. As it is now, the ice bridge at the lake stops the floating
[ice, and pack rapidly runs back, covering the entire river. All this
I ice would pass out to tide water if the ship channel through Lake St.
I Peter and the Sorel islands were kept open.
Strong winds might at times hold back the broken ice, but an
ice breaker would have to operate whenever possible, and the current
in the lake of one mile per hour wovild soon empty out the broken
pieces.
In the spring, instead of thick, hard, clear ice on the lake, which
is difficult to break and retards the opening of the river above that
point, we should find a surface of water practically free of ice. No
floods would result, and the ships could begin running to the port of
Montreal early in April, if not in March.
It is very likely that the open lake would to a large extent react
on the lower parts of the river, and make the problem at Cap Rouge
much easier. A walled channel through the lake, as is built through
Lake St. Clair, would, of course, solve all the difficulty in connection
with that immense area of ice which forms there and which must pass
out before navigation can open in the spring. This canal, or series
of piers, would outline the channel, and probably possess sufficient
current to prevent freezing. The ice on the rest of the lake would be
SESSIONAL
PAPER
No. 21b
licld ill iiiul
all.
i\V(
.1 In di
-iiit(
down to l)li
i-k t
ho
chaniiol
'I
maintain an
"1"
1! (
Iianiiol
thrn
other hand.
the
ico
(111 the
lak(
Id-: i()ini\ii<i\ ()\ nil-: n7. i..\\\I!i:\('E 49
^ratc in th(> -jjidiii;- withont moviniX
lio canal tliu- t'uniiod would help to
liiimut the I'o-t (.1' the river. On the
ii;ii:hr he allowed to freeze over and
a channel throui-h it out out later. The current throug-h this would
probably keep it clear of ice for the rest of tlie season. It mio;ht, at
first sig-ht, be thought that the boats cniiiloyed in the lake to keep the
ice broken up would become frozen in and licl'ilcs^. Sncii boats could
be supplied with pipes in order to blow steam into the water around
them. The effect of such a small amount of heat in this way would
eflfectually jirevent a boat freezing in. The effect of a ship like the
Ladji (irci/ in warming the water immediately surrounding it, is very
great, as I have previously shown Ci)age 10). We always noticed that
even in the coldest weather a ship like the Jjck/i/ (Jrei/ never freezes
in, but the ice is loose and disintegrated all roimd the ship from the
natural heat of the shiji and the effect of the circulating water. This
could be increased very nnicli by the use of special steam ejectors for
the water. A case has been recorded where a pond \n which a dredge
was working was kept open for a month witli the air temiieratnre at
30 below zero Fahrenheit, by blowing steam from an old (50 horse-
power boiler, burning waste stumps, into the water under the dredge.
At the end <>[' this tinie, the operations were stojipcd only by the ina-
bility to work the machinery of the dredge in the intense cold. Under
normal conditions, tlic jHuid would freeze solid to the bottom. This
is but one example of nuniy which cqiild be cited to show tlie_wond.gr-
f_ul effect~of a smaT! aiiiount of lieat_ jn jpreventing ice form.ation. A
thin surface layer a f ew TvuncTredtbs of a degree above the freezing
point will effectually protect the water from ice.
The hardest work of the ice breaker is in December and January,
which may be termed the two ' ice months.' In February the sun
becomes stronger and assists very much the work of clearance. In
!^^arch, practically no new ice is formed of any size.
In liuss'n, winter navigation has been found to lie conimercially
feasible, and many ports of the Kara sea require ice breakers in
summer to reach northern Siberia.
Captain C. H. Webb. R.X.R.. who for three years was navigating
officer on the waters of Vladivostock, informs n:e that in the worst
weather, ships are escorted to their berths by the ice breakers, where!
they are allowed to freeze in until they are ready to sail, when the
ice breaker brings them out again. It frequently happens that a ship
will freeze in so securely during a single night as to enable them to
discharge their c^"•■ • the next morning on the ice. In the face of all
these '^.:f!!^ Ill lies vi± chey are real difficulties) it is found to be com-
mercially feasible to navigate in the coldest weather.
Thus, it appears from previous study of the river that there are^
three points where effo 'ts would have to be made to prevent prolonged i
stoppages of ice. Cap Rouge, which has been successfully handled
this year: Xicolet. at the base of Lake St. Peter, and at the SoreL
islands. With Lake St. Peter free of ice, we n;ay safely jn-ediet an
open channel above that point. The river is continually struggling j
to free itself of its icy burden, and every attempt to assist at vitaf
points will be found to be far more effective than we can. at the
present time, sufficiently appreciate.
21b— 4
50
DEPARTMENT OF MA RISK AM) llsll ERI Kfi
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
THE INFLUENCE OF ICEBERGS ON THE TEMPERATURE
OF THE SEA.
P.y TT. T. BARNES, D.Sc, F.Il.S.C,
Macdonald Pi-ofcssor of Physics and Direclor of Hie FIn/sical
Lahoratories;
and LOTUS V. TCNG, B.A.,
Lecturer in. Physics, McGill University.
The development of a new recording thermometer for the precise
measurement of water temperatures has been made possible through
the generous aid of the Department of ]\Iarine and Fisheries. The
character of the work which this instrument is capable of doing has
been already described in a previous report to the department, where
it was shown that temperature measurements to a thousandth part of
a degree enabled the presence of ice to be detected in the open water
of the river for a long distance.
Application was made to the department for assistance to study
the influence of icebergs on the temperature of the sea, and through
the kindness of the minister, Hon. L. P. Brodeur, and the deputy
minister, Mr. G. J. Desbarats, passage was obtained for one of us to
proceed to Hudson's straits on the C.G.S. Stanley, which sailed for
those waters on Jiilv 2. The installation of instnmients consisted of
Murine 'riiciliioinctcr drawn u|i ()\it nf water.
two marine micro-tlicrmometers of the anchor-ring type, one being
the same as employed during the winter at Cap Rouge, and later at
Crane island, and briefly described in the report on Ice Formation on
IXFLIKXCE OF ICEBERUH OX >^EA TEMl'ERATLRE
51
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 21b
tlie St. Lawrence. The other was one of a pair made similar to it
and of somwhat improved desio:n. The thermometer was carefully
fixed over the side of the ship, and trailed through the water at a
depth of five feet below the surface. The wires passed through a lead
covering inclosed in copper tubes, which helped to hold the thermo-
meter rigid. The lead cable was passed through flexible iron pipes
where it left the copper pipe near the deck of the ship, and was taken
direct to the observer's cabin. Tn the cabin the wire bridge was
placed where measurements could be made of the sea temperature to
one-onethousandth of a degree, on a scale equivalent to two feet of
Marine Thci'momt'ter.
wire to one degree of temperature. Resistance boxes, accurately cali-
brated, enabled temperatures to be read to the desired accuracy at any
point on the scale. Hence at the boundary of currents when a com-
paratively large change of temperature occurred, the reading could be
quickly brought on the scale and the exact temperature estimated.
In order to have the readings continiiously recorded, it was found
possible to adapt a Callendar recording mechanism, with special
Weston relay. A switch enabled the thermometer to be connected to
the recorder, and traces obtained on a scale represented by eight
inches to one degree. The sensitiveness of the arrangement enabled
the records to be accurately obtained to one-onehundredth of a degree.
The value of this arrangement can be appreciated when it is
stated that records could be obtained with the thermometer continu-
ously in the water and the ship going at full speed. So successful
did this prove, that the heavy seas encountered outside the Straits of
Belle Isle, along the Labrador coast, produced no effect whatever on
the working of the arrangement. It was found that the exposure of
the bulb of the thermometer by the waves produced no irregularities,
in as much as the air in direct contact with the sea did not differ
from the water to any amount that could be observed. On the deck
52- DEl'lRTMEST OF MARIS E AM) ELSUEJUEs
m
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
of the ship a Stevoii>oii sercoii was placeil, whidi had lipi'ii kindly lent
by Mr. R. F. Stupart. Director of the lleteorologieal Service. In the
screen was placed a Friez recording thermograph and a hygrograph.
IMl'OKTAXCF. OF COXTINTOrS HKCORDS FOR STrDYING SEA
TKMl'KKATI l{i;s.
A- a matter of seahoard routine. >(■:! temperatures are taken
frequently, every half or quarter of an hour. The opinion of navi-
gators seems to be divided as to the value of these observations. For
instance. Captain Lecky, in his 'Wrinkles on Xavigation,' quotes
Lord ivelvin a- >:iying, ' The conducting power of water is so small
tlint there would be absolutely no cooling effect by conduction to a
to a distance from an iceberg, but there miglit l)e a considerable
effect by the cold and light fresh water running down the iceberg and
spreading far and wide over the surface of the sea.' This contention
of Lord Kelvin's is suppdrted by the work of Dr. Otto Pettersson,
-who shows experimentallij that in the neighljourhood of ice melting
in salt water, ' we can discern three different currents : one on the
surface which flows from the ice ; another current at intermediate
depths which runs straight towards the ice; while a third current,
consisting of water cooled hy contact witli tlie ice, sinks to lower
depths.'
Tlie (li-)o-ition of these currents is sketched in fig. 12, adapted
from a drawing in Dr. Pettersson's paper.^ When the melting by air
proceeds faster than the melting by water the iceberg will rise; tho
portion hollowed out by tlie action of the water-current setting
towards the berg will ri-e nl)ove the water line, and the mass of ice
will present the curious mushroom-like forms often observed in a
field of heavy sea ice (eight feet or more thick) during the final
stages of melting. On the other hand, Lecky quotes the opinion of
captains of north Atlantic lines as being extremely variable. On
some occasions the bridge thermometer will give an indication which
turns out to be justified, while on other occasions the near presencp
of an iceberg seems to leave the instrument unaffected. It must l)e
remembered, however, that data have up to the present time been
obtained by means of the ordinary 'drop bucket' method, including
a mercury or alcohol ship thermometer which has little to reconnnend
it as regards sensitiveness. The instrument is not, as a rule, gradu-
ated to read more than a single degree, wliieli represents an interval
on the stem of oidy one-eighth of an iueh. On the scale of the elec-
ti'ieal thermometer mentioned a -ingle degree of temperature is
represented by an interval of lira feel, so that variations which would
be absolutely imjierceptible to an ordinary thermometer would have
an enorn;ous effect on the more sensitive instrument. Besides, the.
usual method of taking observations leaves considerable room for
uncertainty, — a sample of wati-r i- taken on ooai'd in a bucket, the
thermometer is immersed and the temi)erature I'ead otf. (iranting
that the temperature has been noted correctly, there is nothing to
guard against tho sami)le having been taken in a i)lace of merely local
fiuctuation. (We have aelually observed a quartermaster take a
thermometer out of the water to take a reading, and have heard of
cases where the bulb was held in the hand while the temperature was
1 ' The Ir.fluence of Ice Melting on Oceanic Circulation.' Geogriiphi-
cal Journal, vol. .-^O, p. 295 (VHVi).
lXFLri:yci: or icEUERdi^ ox >sea tfau'ehatlue
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 21b
53
54
DEPARTMENT OF MARIXE AND FLSJIERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
being- noted.) As against tins, the marine thermometer described is
towed alono-side the ship, and thns averages up the temperature along
its path. Owing to a slight lag in the instrument small scale fluctua-
tions are not recorded. Then again temperatures taken as often as
four times an hour in a ship going at eight knots only gives tempera-
tures every two miles. The temperature of the sea oscillates, inde-
pendently of ice, slowly from time to time, so that comparisons made
between observations taken at intervals of even a mile apart are of
absolutely no value in determining whether icebergs affect the
temperature of the sea or not. This explains, perhaps, the conflicting
experiences of north Atlantic sea captains already mentioned.
It will be obvious from the preceding remarks that an extremely
sensitive continuously-recording instrument is needed for the work
described, and that the presence of an iceberg will make itself felt by
the persistence of a gradient of temperature. The persistence of a
drop of temperature can easily be noticed on a continuous record,
while discrete observation might miss it entirely.
MEASUREMENTS AND CURVES MADE DURING THE TRIP.
Although it w-as impossible to delay the ship on the way up in
order to make a special study of icebergs, the thermometer was in-
stalled and the recorder set going on July 8, shortly after leaving
Sydney, N.S. Everything was found to work satisfactorily, and a
number of thermographs were obtained during that day. On July 9
the ship proceeded through a heavy fog. The thermometer at once
indicated the passage of the ship into a branch of the cold Labrador
current in the Belle Isle straits by a sudden drop of temperature from
7-2° C. at 5.18 p.m. to 3-7° at 5.35. At that mxoment a Marconi-
gram was received from the Grenfell Mission ship ss. Stratlicona,
reporting a large iceberg in the middle of the straits. The ship was
at this time steaming along very slowly (four or five knots). At 7.52
p.m. a large berg, probably that reported by the Stratlicona, was
sighted just in time to prevent a collision; as it was, the Stanley
passed within a few hundred feet of it. The portion of the automatic
record between 7.30 and 7.43 p.m. is reproduced on the left hand side
of chart No. 1, and shows that the influence of the iceberg began to
make itself felt about 7.35 p.m., when the temperature read 50° C.
Between 7.43 and 7.50 p.m. a new chart was being prepared for the
recorder, so that unfortunately the most interesting part of the trac-
ing was not taken. As soon as the ship was reported abreast of the
berg at 7.52, direct readings were taken at one minute intervals as the
mass of ice was left astern. The following readings were obtained : —
Time.
Ttmiierature.
Time.
Temperature.
Time.
Tiiiii>erat>ire.
p.m.
°C.
p.m.
"C.
p.m.
°C.
7.11
4-393
8.00
4 214
8.10
4-i.-)r)
7.52
3-871
8.01
4-198
8.11
4-205
7.54
4-017
8.02
4-24.5
8.13
4-231
7.55
4-079
8.03
4-235
8.14
4 2.52
7.56
4-89
8.05
4-205
8.15
4 283
7.58
5-058
8.07
4 130
8.19
4-278
7.59
4-182
8.08
4121
8.22
4 -.545
IXFLT EXCK or imtlJh'GS ox SEA TEMPERATURE 55
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 21b
These observation? ore plotted on the right hand side of the
chart, and show how the teni])orature rises as tlie distance from the
berg' becomes greater. Tt will be seen from this record that going
towards the berg there is first a rise of temperature, followed by a
sudden drop of at least 1-1° C. in about 12 minutes, i.e., in a distance
of a little less than a ii:ile. It will easily be understood from an
inspection of this chart how easily the drop in temperature could
have been missed by a series of half or quarter hour observations.
Unless one observation happened to have been taken about 7.35 and
the other about 7.50, nothing unusual would have been observed; for
instance, observations at 7.45 and 8 would have shown no difference
noticeable on an ordinary ship thermometer, lliis hears out the
remarh alreachj made on the cojifiictivg nature of transatlantic tem-
perature records.
July 10. — The temperature chart for the day is given (chart No.
2). The day was overcast, with intervals of fog. In the record the
temperature is seen to be fairly steady between noon and 9 p.m., i.e.,
it hardly varies half a degree in a distance of 80 miles. The drop of
temperature after that hour was probably due to an approach to the
shore. There the colder under currents are turned up to the surface
by the gradually shoaling bottom; besides, there are temperature dis-
turbances due to currents of fresh water from streams and rivers
along the coast. The latter part of the record was taken while the
ship was rolling violently in a heavy sea. This did not in the least
affect the working of the recorder.
July 11. — The record for this date is given in chart No. 3. and
is interesting because we begin to realize a characteristic featvire of
the temperature distribution in passing even as far away as one-half
mile from a berg.
At 9.20 a.m. a small iceberg, about 70 feet high, was passed at a
distance of five-eighths of a mile. Apparently for a berj of this size
the ship was just outside the range of the temperature effect, since
there seems to be no very marked disturbance in the temperature
record at this time.
At 2.21 p.m. the ship passed about one-quarter of a mile from an
iceberg. The temperature fell very rapidly to 3-8°, and immediately
rose again. On examining the record, a very marked disturbance is
noticed about this time. About 1.45 p.m. the temperature rises h,° ,
and straightway falls through 1-4°, returning almost at once to its
original mean temperature.
The ship is recorded as having passed fairly close to a berg about
3.15 p.m.; a disturbance of much the same type can be noticed on
the thermograph. About C p.m., another berg was passed at a distance
of about one-quarter mile. The resulting fall in temperature can be
traced on the chart.
The last observation of the day followed shortly afterwards. At
7 p.m. the ship passed within half a mile of a very large iceberg. The
temperature first commences to rise at 6.45 p.m., reaching a maxi-
mum of 4-6° at 6.50 p.m., and immediately falls with extreme rapidity
to about 2-3° at 7.03 p.m., after which it rises rapidly to about 3-6°.
As the ship drew away from the iceberg temperatures were taken by
direct reading at frequent intervals as follows: —
56
in:/'.\in mj:.\t or mmum: A\n risni:inEii
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
Distance
Distance
Time.
from
Teni])erature.
Time.
from
Temperature.
Iceberg.
Knots.
Iceberg.
p.m.
C.
p. IT).
Knots.
°C.
6.45
2-8
4 0(;!»
7.17
2 6
3 20.T
7.03
0-7
2-296
7 24
3-6
3 532
7.10
1-6
2-572
7.20
4-4
3-807
7.12
1-9
2 -80S
7.42
6 3
3-898
As the ship wtis innkini;' about 0 knots an liour, it is an easy
matter to draw up a eluirt showing- the variation of temperature with
distance. This is done in clnirt 4. C'liart .") shows the variation of
temperature with the radial distance from the iceberg as deduced
from chart 4.
Going back to chart 3, the unsteadiness of temperature after
8 p.m. is due to approach to bind. The StaiiJeij anchored at Tournavik
at D p.m. The thermometer was hauled on board, and was found to
be in perfect condition.
On leaving Tournavik on July 15, charts were taken for a couple
of days. The ship did not, however, pass close to any icebergs, and
the records possess no unusual features. On July 16 the temperature
^ell as low as 0■3^ or nearly to 0° C. (32° F.).' It is probable that
the characteristic rise of temperature would enable the presence of
an iceberg to be detected in water reduced to a i)oint so near freezing.
About this time occasional small pieces of field ice from Hudson's
straits were met with. Since the thermometer was in danger of
being carried away by a chance piece of field ice, no readings were
taken after this date. Hudson's straits and the bay w^ere found full
of large fields of heavy drift ice, both on the way across and on the
way back, so that it was impossible to have the thermometer over the
side of the .^hi]).
On the return journey preparations were nuide when still a day's
run from Belle Isle, to make a detailed temperature map of the sea
near a large iceberg. Although weather conditions were favourable,
no icebergs were to be seen either along the Labrador coast or in the
Belle Isle straits, with the exception of a small stranded berg near
Belle Isle, too close inshore, however, for a near approach.
Temperature readings were taken through the straits; the results
are shown graphically on charts 0, 7 and 8. Chart 6 shows how
sharply the line of demarcation between currents of different tempera-
tures is shown. By having the recorder set to ship's time any such
discontinuity is easily placed on the navigating chart. For instance,
from chart 6 the boundary line between the cold Labrador current
and the warmer Gulf watiT is seen to occur about 11 a. in. On refer-
ring to the navigating chart ( Xo. 7) this boundary is easily placed
geographically.
Tlii- presents an interesting feature of the marine thermometer
which should be of value in hydrographic work: boundaries of
currents and their variations of position with tides, seasons, &c., can
easily be worked out from a series of continuous temperature records
of the type just described. Chart No. 8 shows a set of direct read-
ings taken every minute to one-oncthousandth of a degree during an
hour. It shows that the temperature of flic >ca fluctuates constantly
IXFLVEXCE OF ICEBERGS ON SEA TEMPERATURE 57
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 21b
from place to place within small limits, and verifies the general
appearance of the automatic records. These small inequalities of
temperature represent thermodj-namically a considerable quantity of
available energy which in consequence of the poor conductivity of
water is not likely to be lost by conduction. This energy is for the
most part expended in setting up a small-scale circulation at the
surface. It is by this means that the sun's heat is absorbed, and
equally distributed throughout a considerable depth of sea. As a
result the solar heat absorbed during the day is not given off at night
by cooling to the air. The air itself is practically transparent to
solar radiation; over the sea we have seen that owing to oceanic
convection there can be little partition of energj^ between the sea and
the air. As a result we ought to expect the air temperature to be
practically constant during day and night. This is shown by an
examination of continuous air temperature records taken throughout
the voyage where the diurnal variation of temperature is practically
nil. As soon, however, as land is approached the usual diurnal
change is observed.
GENERAL CONCLUSIONS.
Although valuable results were obtained on the trip to Hudson
straits, when several icebergs were passed, it was impossible to delay
the ship for a more detailed study. On the return journey, however,
when some time was allowed, no icebergs were met with, and in conse-
quence the results are not as complete as might be desired. However,
in the light of preliminary observations the records obtained seem
very promising of results which are likely to lead to valuable methods
for iceberg detection at sea in time of fog. A careful inspection of
the records show that an iceberg affects the temperature of the water
in a characteristic way. The temperature first rises rapidly and then
falls with great rapidity. This increase in the water temperature is
a new and unexpected result and one that demands careful investiga-
tion. The explanation is at present not clear. The temperature
effect may be due to the temperature reaction at the junction of the
fresh surface current from the iceberg mixing with the sea water. It
may also be connected with the presence or absence of definite organic
life at the junction of the fresh current and salt water. In any case
the sharp rise before the fall can be taken to indicate the entrance of
a ship into the cold surface current near the berg, and thus gives a
preliminary indication of the proximity of ice. Should the rise be
followed by a rapid fall below the mean temperature of the water, the
presence of ice may be taken as fairly assured.
Thermometers have been designed to fit on the hull of the ship,
with the connecting wires passing through the ship's plating. A very
promising arrangement for iceberg detection would be to have one of
these at the bow, about two feet below the mean water-line, while the
other is placed at the stern of the ship as deep down as the draught of
the ship will allow, the two thermometers being connected to read
differences of temperature. By this means the bow thermometer will
catch the cold surface current represented in fig. 12 (only three or four
feet deep), while the stern thermometer will remain at the normal
sea temperature. In this way whenever the differential record reads
so that the bow thermometer is colder than the deep stern instrument,
this may be taken as an indication of disturbance due to ice, and
21b— 5
58 DEl'AKTMEXT OF MARIXE A\U FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
which could he iImc a< far as can he seen to no other cause. If this
temperature persists and becomes greater, the ship is approaching
close to the ice; if it decreases, the ship is leaving the berg behind.
Thus in addition to giving a warning of the proximity of ice the
instrument would actualb' be a help towards navigating the ship to
safety.
VARIOUS ASraCTS OF AN A( ( IHATK STUDY OF MARIXE TEMPKRATURES.
It is a fact already well known that the presence of organic life
influences the temperature of the sea. It thus seems highly probable
that the small fluctuations noticed over large areas of the sea, such as
are clearly brought out in chart 8, are due to the presence of organic
life. This is a matter, however, which would require careful investi-
gation. The influence of small changes of temperature on the migra-
tion of fish would form an important study that could be well under-
taken with the aid of the recording micro-thermometer. What
appears to be an important application of the instrument for future
investigation would be in accurately locating and tracing the
boundaries of oceanic currents.
Besides the disturbing influence of ice on the temperature of the
vvater. which promises to yield a method of solving the iceberg
problem for navigation, the influence of shoals and the proximity of
land appear to produce disturbances that might serve as warnings to
S'hips running too close to such obstructions.
In conclusion, we wish to point out that further study is neces-
sary in order to obtain more detailed results, and to express our
earnest wish that assistance be gi-anted by the departm.ent in the use
of a special ship for marine temperature work. In making this
request, we do so in the full confidence that much valuable scientific
and practical information would be obtained.
IXFLUEXCE OF ICEBERGS ON SEA TEMPERATURE
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 21b
59
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DEPARTMENT OF MARINE AND FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 191 1
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1 GEORGE V. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 21c. A. 1911
LIST OF VESSELS
LJSTE DES l^AVIEES
21^—1910 -A
1 GEORGE V.
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 21c.
A. 1911
LIST OF SHIPriNG
ISSUED BY
LIST OF VESSELS
REGISTRY BOOKS OF THE DOMINION OF CANADA
ON THE
31st DAY OF DECEMBER
1910
OTTAWA
I'RINTP:D by C. H. PARMELEE, printer to the KINi;'S .MOST
EXCELLENT MAJESTY
1911
1 GEORGE V DOCUMENT PARLEMENTAIRE No 21c A. 1911
LISTE DES NAVIRES
J^MISE PAH LE
Wrnm E Li MMilNE ET FECHEIIIES
ETANT UNE
LISTE DES NAVIRES
INSCRITS SUR LES
LIVRES D'ENREGISTREMENT DU CANADA
LE
31e JOUR r)E DECEMBRE
1910
i^ A^ >-'
OTTAWA
IMPRIME PAR C. H. PARMELEE, IMPRl.MEUR DE SA TRfes EXCELI.ENTK
MAJESTE LE ROl
lyii
1 GEORGE V. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 21c. A. 1911
REPORT ON SHIPPING
To the Honourable
L. P. Brodeuij,
Minister of INlarine and Fisheries.
Sir, — I have the honour to submit herewith the twentieth List of Shipping issued
by this Department. The List has been prepared from records kept in the Department
and care has been taken to make it as complete and accurate as possible.
Supplements to the List of Shipping are published every month, and those affecting
this List which have issued up to date, are bound with this volume.
The total number of vessels lemaining on the Register Books of the Dominion on
the Slst of December, 1910, was 7,904, measuring 750,929 tons, being an increase of
1-36 vessels and 32,376 tons, as compared with 1909. The number of steamers on the
Register Books on the same date was 3,332, with a Gross Tonnage of 554,974.
Assuming the average value to be $30 per ton the value of the Net Registered Tonnage
of Canada on the 31st December, 1910, would be $22,527,870.
The number of new vessels built and registered in the Dominion of Canada during
last year was 294, measuring 22,283 tons Net Register. Estimating the value of. the
new tonnage at $45 per ton gives a total value of $1,002,735 for new vessels.
A comparative statement showing the tonnage of each of the Maritime States of
the world is given which shows that Canada retains her place as tenth.
During the year 247 vessels were removed from the Register Books, and a detailed
statement is given showing the cause of their removal.
■ t is estimated that 40,070 men and boys, &c., inclu.sive of the Master.*, were
employed on ships registered in Canada, during the year 1910.
1 GEORGE V DOCUMENT FARLEMENTAIRE No 21c A. 1911
RAPPORT SUR LA MARINE MARCHANDE.
A rhonorable L. P. Brodeur,
Ministre de la Marine et des Pecheries.
Monsieur, — J'ai I'honneur de presenter la vingtit-me liste de la Marine publit'e
p ir ce departement.
Cette listea ete computee a CDeme les dossiers du departement et on a eu soinde la
rendre aussi complete et aussi exacte que possible.
Des supplements a la liste de la Marine snnt publies chaque mois et ceux qui modi-
fient cette liste et qui oat ete publiee jusqu'a ce jour sont relies dans ce present volume.
Le nombre total des navires portes sur les registres du Canada au 31 decembre
1910 etait de 7,904, d'un tonnage de 750,929 tonneaux, ce qui doune une augmentation
de 136 vaisseaux et de 32,376 tonnes par rapport a I'annee 1909. A la menie date, le
nombre des vapeurs figurant au registre etait de 3,332, d'un tonnage brut de 554,974
tonneaux. En esiimant la valeur moyenne du tonnage a 830 le tonneau, le tonnage
eiiregistre au Canada au 31 decembre 1910 serait de $22,527,870.
Le nombre total des vaisseaux construits et enregistres au Canada durant I'annee
derniere a ete de 294, d'un tonnage de 22,283 tonneaux. En estimant la valeur du
nouveau tonnage a ^io le tonneau, on obtient une valeur totale do .^ 1, 002,735 pour les
nouveaux vaisseaux.
Un tab'eau comparatif indiquant le tonnage de chacun des pays mari times du
monde demontre que le Canada reste a la dixieme place comme pays maritime.
Durant I'annee ecoulee, 247 vaisseaux ont ete bifFes des registres pour les raisons
dunnees.
On estime a 40,070 le nombre des hommes et des garcons, etc , y compris les capi-
taine?, qui furent employes a bord des vaisseaux enregistres au Canada, pendant I'annee
1910.
VI
MARINE AND FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
Statement showing the number of Vessels and number or Ton.s on tlie Registry Books
of the Dominion of Canada, on December 31, 1910.
Etat indiquant le nombre des navires et leur tonnage, inscrits sur les registres du
Canada, le 31 decembre 1910.
PROVINCE OF NEW BRUNSWICK.— PROVINCE DU NOUVEAU-BRUNSWICK.
Name of Port
Nom du Port.
Total
Number of
Sailing
Ships and
Steamers.
Voiliers
ct
vapeurs.
381)
9
12
27
9
1715
332
Numljer
of
Steamers.
Nombre
de
vapeurs.
Gro.ss
Tonnage of
Steamers.
Tonnage
brut
des Vivpeurs.
Total
Net Tonnage
of
Sailing
Ships and
Steamers.
Total de
tonnage net.
G2
2
2
11
3
13
105
2,997
8
119
231
65
358
42,423
. 8,682
Dorchester
Moncton
1,287
1,337
Richibucto
585
491
St. Andrews
St. John
3,322
43,933
Total
951
198
46,201
59,637
PROVINCE OF NOVA SCOTIA— PROVINCE DE LA NOUVELLEECOSSE.
Amherst
Annapolis Royal. .
Arichat
Barrington
Canso
Wgby
Guysboro'
Halifax
Liverjwol
Lunenburg
Maitland . .
Parrsboro'
Pictou
Port Hawkesbury.
Port Med way
Shelburne
Sydney
Truro
Weymouth
Windsor
Yarmouth
Total .
43
114
99
44
115
6
424
75
279
16
95
4S
60
15
79
110
36
78
311
2,054
267
162
328
95
243
156
275
12^661
591
87]
88
670
3,383
155
138
lv6
3.625
5
1,058
8,987
34,217
289
5,644
3,029
2,422
822
3,769
148
21,373
5,058
22,751
3,239
17,726
4,592
1,456
1,178
4,717
6,726
2,670
26,222
15,906
149,737
PROVINCE OF QUEBEC-PROVINCE DE QUEBEC.
Gaspe
Magdalen Islands.
Montreal
Pasi)ebiac
Quel)ec
Sorel
Total .
16
17
789
9
625
43
1,499
3
288
2
162
24
479
1,168
93,90(5
62
24,955
4,482
124,573
654
1,059
136,407
582
46,271
4,972
189,945
L7.ST OF SHiri'IXG
vu
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 21c
Statemext showing the number of Vessels and number of Tons on the Registry Books,
(fee. — Continued.
Etat indiquant le nombre des navires et leur tonnage, inscrits sur les registres,
etc. — Suite.
PROVINCE OF ONTARIO-PROVINCE DE L'ONTARIO.
Name of Port.
Nom du Port.
A mherstburg . . . .
Belleville
Bowmanville . . . .
Brockville
Chatham
Cobourg
Collingwood . . . .
Cornwall
Deseronto
Dunnville
Fort William . . .
Goderich
Hamilton . . . .
Keuuiit
Kingston
Lindsay
Midland
Napanee
Oakville
Ottawa
Owen Sound
Peterborough. . . .
Picton
Port Arthur
Port Burwell ....
Port Dover
Port Hope
Port Stanley
Prescott
Sarnia
Southampton . . .
Sault Ste. Marie
St. Catharines. . .
Simcoe
Toronto
Wallaceburg
Whitby
Windsor
Total
Total
Number of
Sailing
Ships and
Steamers.
Voiliers
et
vapeurs.
Number
of
Steamers.
Nombre
de
valours.
Total
Gross Net Tonnage
Tonnage of of
Steamers. Sailing Shi jm
— and
Tonnage Steamers,
brut —
des vapeurs. Total de
tonnage net
15
19
2
33
25
81 i
4
11
1
2
41
41
80
201
50
30
1
1
394
5(
66
22
79
7
18
30
19
27
44
16
68
94
5
344
30
2
57
2,027
1
33
38
138
30
25
279
318
2,814
1,124
31.T
22,349
106
663
59
2,061
22,422
2.504
18,447
6:52
15,047
254
46
50
15
56
6
15
22
19
14
33
15
58
56
2
277
15
29
1,485
34,590
3,565
1,388
3,112
4,801
99
364
1,617
608
2,383
8,909
802
11,677
2,038
35
74,098
751
5,6.il
378
711
316
2,0»1
1,357
1,021
15,770
73
781
57
447
2,046
14,9o"()
2,103
21,339
1,709
11,879
122
26
31,297
4,803
2,0S5
3,164
9,779
126
457
1,953
380
4,627
8,277
595
11,298
H,722
271
52,324
2,451
371
6,265
240,658
227,457
PROVINCE OF PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND-PROVINCE DE L ILE DU PRINCE-EDOUARD
Charlottetown .
4,465 10,100
VIU
MARINE AND FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
Statement showing the number of Vessels and number of Tons on the Registry Books,
ttc. — Concluded.
Etat indiquant le nombre des navires et leur tonnage, inscrits sur les registre.--,
etc. — Fin.
PROVINCE OF BRITISH COLUMBIA-PROVINCE DE LA COLOMBIE-BRITANNIQUE.
Total
Total
Number of
Number
Gross
Net Tonnage
"Sailing
of
Tonnage of
of
Name of Port.
Ships and
Steamers.
Steamers.
Sailing Ships
—
Steamers.
—
—
and
Nora du Port.
—
Nombre
Tonnage
Steamers.
Voiliers
de
brut
—
et
vapeurs.
des vapeurs.
Total de
vapeurs.
tonnage net.-
New Westminster
190
11(5
5,729
9,785
5
5
568
365
Vancouver
607
4f)!»
32,255
35,175
307
1,109
191
55,141
60,089
Total
781
93,693
105,414
PROVINCE OF SASKATCHEWAN.— PROVINCE DE LA SASKATCHEWAN.
Prince Albert.
281
290
PROVINCE OF MANITOBA-PROVINCE DU MANITOBA.
Winnipeg
94
85
7,673
5,565
YUKON DISTRICT-DISTRICT DU YUKON.
Dawson .
16
14 3,213
2,784
SUMMARY-SOMMAIRE.
New Brunswick .
Nova Scotia
(Quebec
Ontario
P. E. Island . . . .
British Columbia
Manitoba
Yukon District. . .
S;iskatchewan . .
(irand Total.
951
2,054
1,499
2,027
150
1,109
94
16
4
7,904
198
46,201
59,637
2(>7
34,217
149,737
479
124,.-j73
189,9^5
1,485
240,658
227,457
20
4,465
10,100
781
93,693
105,414
85
7,673
5,.-.(;5
14
3,213
2.784
3
281
290
3,332
554,974
750,929
LI^T OF SfllPPING
IZ
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 21c
Comparative Statement showinjj; the numl)er of Vessels and number of Tons on the
Registry Books of the Dominion of Canada, on the 31st December, in, each Year
from ly74 to I'JIO, both inclusive.
Etat comparatif indiiiuant le nombre de navires et le tonnage net inscrits dans les
livres de regi.stres du Canada, pendant I'annce expiree le 31 decembre, dans charjue
annee, de 1874 a 1910, les deux comprises.
Provinces.
1874.
1875.
1870.
1S77.
1878.
New Brujiswick
Nova Scotia . . .
Queliec
Ontario
P. E. Island . . .
B. Columbia. . .
Manituba
Total
1,144
2,787
1,837
815
312
35
(5,930
2!t4,741
47'J,nii'.)
218,<M(i
113,0()S
48, 3S8
3,011
1,15S,3G3
1,133
2,78(>
1,831
82.".
4(1
2
fi,952
307,020
505, 144
222,905
ll*,!);Kt
50,077
3,085
178
1,1.54
2,807
1,002
8vH!t
338
40
2
1,20.5,505' 7,192
324,513
52!>,2>2i
22S,'502'
123,9471
50,092
3,809
178
1,133
2,901
1,951
920
342
43
0
329,4.57
.541,579
248. 3! '9
131,701
.55,547
3,479
240
1,142
3,003
1,070
958
322
51
17
335,905
553,308
248,349
135,44(»
54.250
4,482
1,161
1,200,8931 7,302
1,310,4081 7,109' l,H3a015
New Brunswick
Nova Scotia.
Quebec
Ontario
P. K. Island.
B. Columbia.
Manitoba
Total..
1879.
1,135
.340,491
2,975
.552,159
1,975
24(i,025!
l,0o(;
130,9.x7
298
49,807
IK)
4,701
22
1,924
1S80.
1881.
1,097
2,977
1,889
1,042
288
()3
21
3.^,0,970
550.448
233,341
137,481
45,931
5,049
1,9.(2
1.037
3,025
1,830
1,081
273
74
24
333,215
558,911
224,930
139,998
45,410
6,296i
2,130[
1882.
1,005'
308,980
3,020
540,778
1,754|
21.5,804
T,112;
137,001
248
41,084
84
7,087
1883.
23|
2,783|
1,107
3,037
1,739
1,133
241
94 {
241
315,906
541,715
210.577
140,972
49,446
9,040
2,778
7,4711 l,332,094j 7,377 1,311,218 7,39« l,310,896j 7,312 1,200,777 7,375 1,270,440
New Bruns\vick
Nova Scotia . . .
(Quebec
Ontario
P. E. Island...
B. Columbia. . .
Manitoba
Total
1884.
1,090
2,942
1,02>
1,184
2:34
110
7,2.55
308,132
.541,048
2j2,842
142, .387
:^9,213
11,403
5,722
1885.
1,000
2,988
1,031
1,223
2-27
123
(W
1,253,74'
7,315
2H8,.589
541,832
203,035
144,487
30,040
11.834
5,439
1,231,856
1886.
1,042
2,929
1,()50
1,248
225
134
65
209,224
520,921
232.55()
140,929
30,058
11,900
.5,578
1887.
7,293; 1,217,706
1,027
2,815
1,580
1,275
225
149
71
255,126
498,878
189,064
139,548
29,031
12.789
5,871
7,178 1,130,307
1888.
1,009
2,851
1,498
1,330
218
167
69
239,332
485,709
178,520
139,502
20,586
14,249
5,744
7,142j 1,089,642
18^9.
Nt'W Brunsw
Nova Scotia
C^uebfc . . . .
Ontario . . . .
P. E. Island
B. Columbia
Manitoba . .
Total
1,013
2,8.55
1.455
l,:if)2
224
170
1890.
7,152
218,873
4(i4,431|
1(«,.500J
141.83!ti
2."'>,.5(K;J
1.5,241'
(:,l»91
1,040,481
981
2,793
1,."99
1,312
2.n
l'M\
7!t!
0,991
209.400
404.194
104.003
i:i8.738
2(;.O80
1<;,024
(;.475
1891.
1.024,974
969
2,778
1,404
1,345
195
246
78
193,193
401,758
102,.3:Kt
138,914
23,31';
19,767
6,197
1892.
1893.
940
2,731
1.408
1 ..347
19<;
298
81
7,015 1,005,475 7,007
181,779
425,690
i(>2.e:t.s
141,7:hi
22,70C>
23,448
0,118
1,010
2.715!
l,42«ii
1,370
188
3151
891
150,086
390.203
lf.1.121
14(;.f.C>5
20.970
24.900
6,534
9C4,129i 7,113
912.539
MARINE AND FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
CoMPAHATiVE STATEMENT showing tlie number of Ves.sels and number of Tons on the
llegistry Books of the Dominion of Canada, vtc. — Concluded.
Etat comparatif indiquant le nombre de navires et le tonnage net inscrits dans les
livres de rescistros du Canada, etc. — Fin.
1894.
1895.
1890.
1897.
1808.
Provinces.
!>
a
M
>
0)
§
1
>
.
3
1
4)
3
"3
>
H
New Brunswick.
Nova Scotia
Quebec
Ontario
P. K. Island....
B. Columbia. . . .
Manitoba
Yukon District.
1,003
2,710
1,427
1,480
191
336
98
136,257
371,432
160.590
148,525
19,6.50
26,4.55
6,715
975
2,683
1,454
1,508
190
346
106
122,417
313,356
158,776
148,609
19,323
25,988
7,307
964
2,669
1,469
1,525
174
363
115
115,506
317.526
158,649
146,522
16,540
26,622
7,934
923
2,204
1,480
1,424
174
364
115
10.3,584
283,056
158,077
135,349
15,812
2-3,604
7,272
903
2,167
1,378
1,452
178
444
121
89,2.57
262,176
144,447
134,180
15,979
40,304
7,439
Total ....
7,245
869,624
7,262
825,776
7,279
789,299
6,084
731,754
6,643
693,782
1899. 1900.
1901.
1902.
1903.
New Brunswick.
Nova Scotia. . . .
Quebec
Otitario
P. E. Island....
B. Columbia... .
Manitoba .
Yukon District.
Saskatchewan
920
2,121
1,375
1,488
171
488
126
9
86,288
243,457
144,586
135,234
14,600
44,415
9,108
1,604
927
2,121
1,247
1,610
170
.515
128
11
78,708
226,817
138,136
141,112
14,251
51,095
7,147
2,268
915
1,980
1,265
1,635
180
676
130
11
75,293
214,.560
142,664
145,227
14,729
62,102
7,445
2,463
917
2,037
1,288
1,699
156
584
139
16
64,605
212,967
136,660
150.449
13,464
58,292
7,536
2,640
929
2,069
1,288
1,778
164
639
139
14
59,508
216 053
138,570
169,086
13,739
76,215
7,695
2,281
Total
6,698
679,352
6,735 659,534
6,792
664,483
6,836
652,613
7,020
683,147
1904.
1905. 1906.
1907.
1908.
New Brunswick.
Nova Scotia
Quebec
Ontario
P. E. Island.. ..
B. Columbia
Manitoba
Yukon District.
Saskatchewan ...
1
933 54 855
2,066 211,972
1,287 140,339
1,886 176,430
161 12,200
666 77,105
1411 7,765
12| 2,172
938
2,121
1,301
1,942
1.58
712
142
11
49,145
19S,976
141,406
178,848
11,924
79,9.54
7,809
1,763
939
2,159
1,344
1,978
149
782
149
11
1
44,471
187,328
143,340
180,340
10,761
77,746
8,341
1,763
89
927
2,074
1,338
2,011
145
872
144
13
4
69,463
173,950
166,133
184,328
9,815
83,792
8,247
2,670
290
938
2,0.52
1,384
2,028
154
939
87
16
4
66,402
164,919
172,975
192,970
10,387
87,0.56
4,341
2,984
290
1
Total ....
7,152 882,838
7,325
669,825
7,512
654,179
7,528
698,688
7,602 702^324
1909.
1910.
New Brunswick.
Nova Scotia
Quebec
Ontario
P. E. Island. . . .
B. Columbia
Manitoba . . . . .
Yukon District.
Saskatchewan . .
937
2,0.58
1,432
2,061
150
1,020
90
16
4
62,984
160,286
175,370
208,652
10,154
92,746
5,087
2,984
290
951
2,054
1,499
2,027
150
1,109
OJ
16
4
59,637
149,737
189,945
227,457
10,100
105,414
5,565
2,784
290
Total . . . .
7,768
718,553
7,904
750,929
LIST OF SHIPPiya
Zl
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 21c
List of Ports at which Vessels may be Registered, showing tlie number of New Vessels
Built and Registered in the Dominion of Canada, during the Year ended December
31, 1910.
LiSTE des p^i'ts aux(|uels les navires peuvent etre enregistres, et indiquant le nombre
des nouveaux navires construits et enregistres au Canada, pendant I'annee expiree
le 31 decembre 1910.
PROVINCE OF NEW BRUNSWICK. -PROVINCE DU NOUVEAU-BRUNSWICK.
Name of Port.
Nom du Port.
Chatham. . . .
Dorcliester. ..
RIonctoii . . . .
Richibiicto. .
Sivck.ville. . .
St. Andrews
St. John . . . .
Total .
^ Total
Numbfr of
Sailing
Ships and
Steamers.
Voiliers
et
vapeurs.
Total
Net Tonnage
f)f Sailing-
ships and
Steamers.
Total de
tonnage net.
Nil.
Nil.
20!)
Nil.
13
53
Nil.
12
20
397
PROVINCE OF NOVA SCOTIA— PROVINCE
DE LA NOUVELLE-ECOSSE.
Amherst Nil.
Annapolis Royal
Arichat
Barrington
Canso
I^ig'w
(iuysboro' Nil.
Halifax
Liverpool
Lunenburg
Maitland Nil.
Parrsboro'
Pictou ! Nil.
Port Hawkesbury
Port Medway Nil.
Shelbnrne
Sydney
Truro Nil.
Weymouth
Windsor
Yarmouth
Total
82
Nil.
1
268
7
179
1
10
2
34
4
184
Nil.
If)
600
3
435
15
1,357
Nil.
/
1,.504
Nil.
o
36
Nil.
4
352
4
64
Nil.
3
85
2
70
8
394
5,572
PROVINCE OF QUEBEC-PROVINCE DE
QUEBEC.
Amherst (Magdalen Is
lands)
Oaspe
Montreal
Paatiebiac
(Quebec
Sorel
Total
Nil.^
Nil.'
33
18
6
35
Nil.
2,870
Nil.
2,816
1,291
7,012
Name of Port.
Nom du Port .
Total
Number of
Sailing
Ships and
Steamers.
Voiliers
et
vapeurs.
Total
NetTonnaare
of Sailing
Ships and
Steamers.
Total de
I tonnage net.
PROVINCE OF ONTARIO-PROVINCE DE
LONTARIO.
Amherstbtirg
Belleville
Bowman ville.. .
Brockville ..'■...
Chatham
Cobourg
Collingwood . . .
Cornwall .
Deseronto. . . .
Dunnville
Fort William. . .
Goderich
Hamilton
Kenora
Kingston ,
Lindsay
Midland
Na] >anee
Oak ville
Ottawa
Owen Sound ... .
Peterborough . . . .
Picton
Port Arthur
Port Burwell.. . .
Port Dover
Port Hope
Port Stanley
Prescott
Sarnia
Southami)ton.
Sault Ste. Marie,
St. Catharines . . .
Sinicoe
Toronto
Wallaceburg . . . .
Whitby
Windsor
Total
Nil.
Nil.
Nil.
Nil.
Nil.
Nil.
Nil.
Nil.
Nil.
Nil.
Nil.
Nil.
Nil.
Nil.
10
2
11
Nil.
Nil.
Nil.
Nil.
Nil.
Nil.
Nil.
Nil.
Nil.
46
65
Nil.
Nil.
Nil.
26
Nil.
Nil.
Nil.
Nil.
Nil.
Nil.
Nil.
Nil.
L50
56
26
Nil.
Nil.
Nil.
524
56
612
Nil.
602
Nil.
17
Nil.
68
Nil.
68
Nil.
32
689
Nil.
521
Nil.
Nil.
Nil.
3,612
PROVINCE OK PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND
—PROVINCE DE L'lLE DU PRINCE-
EDOUARD.
Charlotte town.
23
xu
MARINE AND FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
List of Ports at which Vessels may be Registered, showing the numb:;r of new
Vessels Built and Registered, &c. — Concluded.
LiSTE des ports auxquels les aa,vires peuvent etre enreglstres, et indiquant le nomVjre
des nouveaux navires construits et enregistres, etc. — Fin.
PROVINCE OF BRITISH COLUMBIA.— PROVINCE DE LA COLOMBIE-BRITANNIQUE.
Name of Port.
Nom dii Port.
Total
Nuinlier of
Sailing
Shi] IS and
SteaiiRTs.
Voiliers
et
vapeurs.
New Westminster.
Prince Rupert. . . .
Vancouver
Victoria
Total
IS
3
48
84
Total
Net Tonnage
of Sailing
Ships and
Steamers.
Total de
tonnage net.
705
35«
2,741
1,375
5,177
Provinces
Provinces
Total
Number of
Sailing
Sliips and
Steamer.'!.
Voiliers
et
vapeurs.
Total
Net Tonnage
of Sailing
Ships and
Steamers.
Total de
tonnage net.
PROVINCE OF MANITOBA— PROVINCE
DU MANITOBA.
Winnipeg.
490
YUKON DISTRICT.
SUMMARY-SOMMAIRE.
Dawson City.
Nil.
Nil.
SASKATCHEWAN.
Prince Albert ,
Nil.
Nil.
New Brunswick
17
82
397
Nova Scotia
5,572
Quebec
58
7,012
Ontario
4tj
3,(512
Prince Edward Island. . .
2
23
British Columbia
84
5,177
^Manitoba
5
490
Yukon District
Nil.
Nil.
Saskatchewan
Ni
I.
Nil.
Total
294
22,283
L/.Sr OF SHIPPING
XIU
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 21c
Statemext showing the Tonnage of each of the Maritime States of the World, compiled
from the Reportoire General for 1910-1911.
Tableau du tonnage des navires de chacun des Etatsmaritimes du globe, extrait du
llepertoire General pour 1910-1911.
Nationality.
Steam-
ers.
Vapeurs
1
8,919
1.803
957
1,293
874
645
42S
791
937
Gross
Toimage of .
Steamers. 1
Tonnage
brut des
vapeurs.
Net
Tonnage of
Steamers.
Tonnage
net des
vapeurs.
Sailing
Vessels .
Voiliers
Net Ton- |
nage of Sail-
ing Vessels.
Tonnage
net des
voiliers.
Total Net
Tonnage.
Tonneau.x.
British
< Terni:in
American
18,(.'2.'?,149
3,941,670
1,890,083
1,423,752
1,405,067
829,924
974,700
1,1.32.190
802,200
10,998,312
2,504,-505
1,207,900
868,86(i
841,471
50.3,815
.585,099
757,335
.564,014
5,033
1,318
3, .584
1,^06
1,471
3,332
1,3.59
1,3.50
1,404
1,321,338
4.55,428
1,303,120
614,710
493.578
549,328
384,. 598
173.142
209,877
12,319,6.50
2,9.59,933
2,031,020
Norwegian
1,483,.576
French
Russian
1,33.5,049
1,0.5.3.143
Italian
909,<;fl7
.hipanese
Swedish
*Canadian
930,477
774,491
Dutch
Spanish
Danish
423
508
523
347
283
120
153
238
Itil
84
6(i
61
30
41
10
32
21
11
8
1
5
5
5
5
3
1
990,579
757,111
6" 0.4.30
704,077
490,687
108,738
297,482
21 1,580
133,096
]<I9,756
73,701
90,062
38,774
51.259
20,743
20,850
3.5,319
12,007
3J92
751
4.561
2,185
2,352
3,773
2,172
881
019,257
464,242
4(10,977
478,778
300.105
60,878
194,2.34
130,372
80,447
69,694
44,959
57,520
23,960
32,315
12,683
16,648
18,847
7,792
2,040
112
2,770
954
1,410
2,291
1,728
457
621
383
934
114
811
903
12
290
185
91
259
1
62
121
<;o
50
22
2
22
15
6
3
. I
76,130
51,185
100,806
9,964
145,584
205,641
5,034
60,728
57,350
52.918
43,840
230
27,178
11,964
31,4.53
8,712
3,779
353
5,030
2,432
4,029
402
1,901
1,392
695,393
51.5,4-27
507.783
Austrian
488,742
(ireek
Turkish
Belgian
Brazilian
Argentine
44.5,089
272,519
199,208
191,100
137,797
Chilian
Portuguese
Chinese
122,012
8S.799
57.702
Uruguayan
51.13S
Cuban
44,279
Peruvian
44,130
Mexican
Roumanian
Siamese
Montenegrin
Venezuelan
25.300
22,020
8.145
5,030
4,478
4,141
Bulgarian
3,178
2,855
Haitian . .
Corean
2.802
2,291
1,728
Colombian
Dominican
4
11
3
1
3
2
1
3
2
1,121
1.541
363
364
758
686
606
252
551
1,.578
1,541
Panama
2
2
1,051
1,397
1,030
802
1,393
1,106
Guatemala
758
Liberian
686
Bolivian
606
Tunisian
1
509
3W
550
551
Zanzibar
2
961
478
478
2
1
1
i
i
326
2.57
211
107
320
Ecuador
257
1 211
Servian
1
264
112
112
107
Morocco
Unknown
1
1
10
19,812
140
188
12,054
84
28
8,287
84
2<
1 '»
3,967
12,2.54
Total
35,409,689
21,934,53(
25,270
6,490,276
i 28,424,812
•Included in British.
XIV
MARINE AXD FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
Comparative Statement of New Vessels Built and Registered in the Dominion of
Canada during the Year ended December 31, in each Year, from 1874 to 1910
both inclusive.
Etat comparatif des nouveaux navires construits et enregistres 'feHi Canada pendant
I'annee expiree le 31 decembre, dans chaque annee, de 1874 a 1910 les deux
comprises.
1874.
1875. 1876.
1877.
1878.
Provinces.
>
s
>
OS 93
H >
10
C
O
H
.
"a!
cc
CJ
>
CO
>
56
166
46
30
38
2
n
90
175
73
50
88
5
42,027
84,480
20,796
10,797
24,634
276
65
177
103
53
83
33,483 fil
31,040
58,771
17,800
5,397
14,571
121
54
219
62
2
3
31,158
47,980
19,253
3,316
17,026
204
48
27,368
49,784
10 870
Nova Scotia
07,106
22,825
7,700
19,838
194
51
47
62
1
2,409
10,382
on
Prince Edward Island
1 ;^
Add new vessels built in
Canada which proceeded
to the United Kingdom
under a Governor's pass
without being registered
Add new vessels which left
Quebec for registration in
Germany
481
6
183,010
7,746
481
151,012
416
3
1
127,700
2,721
480
430
2
118,985
1,943
339
1
100,873
663
Total
487
190,756
481
151,012
420
130,901
432
120,928
340
101,536
1879.
IS-'O.
1881.
1882.
1883.
Provinces.
ID
>
f5
no
1
>
63
126
tr'
c
eS
>
c
1
>
1
1
43
126
29
42
20
5
19,067
39,208
7,421
2,464
5,279
788
74,227
18,896
.^1.2.57
57 18,259
150 40.485
66
117
20
55
15
8
1
16,820
26,711
6,785
4,369
3,508
1,631
289
72
202
42
34
17
5
2
21,103
35,765
6,594
4,311
5,343
849
Quebec
Ontario
Prince Edward Island . . .
British Columbia
33 8,219
4t 3,610
21 3,359
56
54
15
2
3
5,673
5,111
4,351
85
lie
1
100
125
Add new vessels built in
Canada which proceeded
to the United Kingdom
under a Governor's pass
without beinf registered.
265
288
65,441
337
74,060
288
1
60,113
1,029
374
74,090
Add new vessels wliich left
Quebec for registration
in Germany
Total
265
74,227
288
65,441
337
74,060
289
61,142
374
74,090
LIST OF SHIPPING
XV
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 21c
Comparative Statement of New Vessels Built and Registered in the Dominion of
Canada during the Year ended December 31, &c. — Continued.
Etat comparatif des nouveaux navires construits et enregistres au Canada pendant
I'annee expiree le 31 decembre, etc. — Suite.
Provinces.
New Brunswick
Nova Scotia
Quebec
Ontario
Prince Edward Island .
British Columbia
Manitoba
1884.
46
178
.32
58
21
15
37
1885.
12,888
42,032
3,815
4,446
5,189
675
3, .366
34
102
29
45
11
6
13
Total
3871 72,41ll
240
7,736
24,703
4,556
4,509
1,707
648
320
44,179
1886.
1887.
1888.
34
93
27
52:
12
8
3
4,931
20,948i
2,683!
2,075
1,318
1.54
98,
229
32,207 223
2,909
12,310
2,888
2,993
601
376
439
32
116
23
62
121
18
1'
2,530
12,965
2,669
5,095
1,412
448
11
22,516 264 25,130
1889.
1890.
Provinces.
New Brunswick . . .
Nova Scotia
Quebec
Ontario
Prince Edward Island .
British Columbia
Manitoba
50
126
27
45
12
12
8
1891.
1892.
4,792
19,645
3,759
3.259
1,503
840
548
Total
2801 34,346
35
150
25'
41!
12,
15
7!
285
5,572
33,907
4,8.S0
4,917
2,008
876
218
52,378
43
130
46
44
5
41
3
312
6,269
35,528
4,200
2,662
1.000
2,364
1221
21
10.)
34
34
9
46
6
.^2,145
255
1,873
16,446
2,620
3,684
%7
2,887
296
28,773
1893.
119
111
53
49
3
19
2,819
15,089
4,220
4,126
634
944
608
362 28,440
Provinces.
New Bninswick ......
Nova Scotia
QueV)ec
Ontario
Piince Edward Island
British Columbia
Manitoba
Total
1894.
1895.
1
X
09
V
a>
n
x
c
>
c-i
>
H
>
24
40
2.534
27
714
128
8,721
89
4,762
97
55
4,412
49
4,335
36
64
3,137
52
3,732
38
3
183
1
196
3
25
1,900
18
1,709
22
11
356
14
822
16,270
326
21,243
250
1896.
1897
627
7,704
3,969
1,757
111
1,466
512
1898.
16,146 231
1,738
31
790
4,259
67
4,962
4,227
51
4,139
3,850
46
1,872
226
5
372
2,429
72
12,228
365
6
159
17,094
278
.24,522
XVI
MAIilSE AND FLSFIERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
Comparative Statement of New Vessels Built and Repiist.ere 1 in the Dominion of
Canada durin;? the Year ended December 31, itc. — Coudvded.
Etat comparatif des nouveaux navires construits et enregistres au Canada pendant
I'annee expiree le 31 decembre, etc. — Fin.
1899. 1
1900.
1901.
1902.
Provinces.
o
>
CO
§
>
0
H
762
9,416
4,301
3,734
106
3. 837
'0
0
>
1
1
>
1
New Brunswick
Nova Scotia
Quebec
31
92
35
52
798
7,594
5,943
3.419
22
117
50
58
3
43
2.->
133
43
62
6
62
3
1
1,141
14,660
7,421
2,665
589
7,728
112
165
23
140
16
60
8
36
10
3
1,055
14,827
1,990
8,791
Prince Edward Island
3, 56
51 1 2,734
13 554
530
2,5.50
Manitoba.. .
3i 109
l! 61
137
336
"
Total
277 21,098
297
22,326
335
34,481
296
30,216
1903.
1904.
1905.
1906.
Provinces.
>
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1
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1
25
1(50
24
85
6
51
1
H
>
s
H
New Brunswick
24
135
31
71
6
56
5
Nil.
1,708
12,907
1,076
10,719
171
3,494
248
Nil.
25
99
20
105
2
48
9
Nil.
1,306
5,993
3,203
5,1()7
185
2.362
338
Nil.
998
7,453
1,4.38
5,735
577
3,536
44
23
151
50
74
4
82
9
431
7,538
3,940
6,014
147
British Columbia
2,774
808
Yukon District
1
89
328
30,323
308
18,551
352
19,781
397
21,741
1907.
190S.
1909.
1910.
Provinces.
'I
>
C
o
>
32
So
62
46
5
76
1
2
1
03
1
>
14
75
6t;
73
1
93
5
5
a
>
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a
27
109
50
96
7
97
3
3
909
5,1 If.
10,326
14,444
215
7,115
84
■"261
38,401
1,288
6,600
7,279
8,695
254
4,778
9
80
666
6,(107
5,895
7,973
5
4,068
692
17
82
.58
46
2
84
397
5, .572
7,012
Ontario
3,612
23
British Columbia.
5,177
490
Yukon District
Total
392
304
28,983
327
25,306
291
22,283
LIST OF SHIPPING
xvil
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 21c
List of vessels wliose names have been changed by Order in Council, under Section 27
of Chapter 113 of the Revised Statutes of Canada, 1906, during the year ended
December 31, 1910.
LisTK des navires dont les noins ont ete changes par Ordre en Conseil, d'apr^s les
dispositions de I'article 27, chapitre 113 des Statuts Revises du Canada, 1906
» durant I'annee finissant le 31 decembre 1910.
Official
Number.
Numero
officiel.
Present Name of Vessel.
Nom actuel du navire.
126865
126881
126867
121959
126832
126570
117017
126526
83174
126714
126941
103720
130442
90737
126420
8S438
1260<)4
126469
1220.S7
94715
126388
103773
130301
126713
94843
130322
126476
111605
100024
130305
112351
121459
126515
126467
Sault Ste. ^larie.
Vancouver
Sault Ste. Marie
Port Stanley
Toronto
Sydney, N.S
Vancouver
Ottawa
Lunenburg
St. John, N.B...
Victoria
St. John, N.B...
Vancouver. . . ,
Aggie B. Reid
B. B...
Bawating
Bethalina
Capitola
Cecil F
Chaos
City of Hamilton
Clara Hamilton
Cynthia W
Donald D
Edward P
Fire Queen
Flora T
Florence ....
Florrie V
Geraldine Battle
Gladys H
H. S. M..-
./ohn R
John S. Thorn
Kenton
Kleetsa
Leonard C ,
Michipicoten . . . .
Motor Queen
Prince Ito Halifax
Quinte Queen Kingston
Russell Roque Toronto
St. Alice Vancouver
Senator Derbyshire Brock ville
South East Shoal No. 18 Montreal
Tannis r Victoria
Yennek Kingston
Port of Registry.
Port d'enregistreraent.
Former Name of Vessel.
Ancien nom du navire.
Charlottetown [Ada Li
Toronto
Arichat
St. Catliarines
Kingston
Weymouth
Kingston
Quebec
St. John, N.B
Vancouver
St. John, N.B.
Sault Ste. Marie
King.stor
Victor.
Success.
Fortune.
Surprise.
Ramona.
Helene.
Columbia.
Japan.
VV. E. Young.
Cynthia.
Ivy.
Serena E.
Queen.
ouise.
Emeline.
Cymbeline.
Sandy Hook.
Aberdeen.
A. K. Woodward.
Melbourne.
Henry R. James.
Frederick, A.
Clansman.
Alma.
City of Windsor.
Supply.
Triton.
Salaberry.
Camilla.
Blanche.
Bermuda.
Falken.
W. C. Stetson.
Columbia.
21c-— B
Xviii MARINE AND FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
Statement showing the numher of vessels removed from registry in the Dominion of
Canada during the year ending 31st December, 1910, and the cause for such
removal.
Etat indiquaat le nombre de na vires dont les noms ont ete rayt^s au registre, au Canada
durant I'annee finissant le 31 decembre 1910, et la cause de leur radiation.
Sold to foreigners 13
Wrecked 26
Stranded 8
Lost 10
Broken up 85
Abandoned at sea 6
Collision 1
Foundered 7
Burnt 17
Condemned 3
Transferred to St. John's, Nfld 11
" " Bridgetown, Barbadoes 7
Reported out of existence 46
Capsized and sank 1
Dismantled . 6
Total 247
A JOHNSTON,
Dejnity Minister of Marine and Fisherieti.
Dep\btment op Marine and Fisheries,
Ottawa. 1911.
1 GEORGE V. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 21c. A. 1911
PART I
STEAM VESSELS
PARTI E I
TAPEUES
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(OFUCIAL COPY.)
January and February, 1911.
SUPPLEMENT TO LIST OF VESSELS, 1910.
Lists of SniPd (disting ishing Steam and Sailing Ships) belonging to the Dominion
of Canada, reported to the Department of Marine and Fisheries in respe.t of their
Registry during the months of January and February, 1911.
A. — Ships for wliich Registers were opened ;
B. — Ships whose Registers were closed in cousetiuence of their having been wrecked, vtc.
A. JOHNSTON,
Deputy Minister of Marine and Fisheries.
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March, 1911.
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Deputy Mhiister of Marine atid Fisheries.
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(OFFICIAL COPY.)
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SUPPLEMENT TO LIST OF VESSELS, 1910.
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A. JOHNSTON,
Deputy Minister of Marine and Fishe^-ies
428
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1 GEORGE V.
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
A. 1911
FORTY-THIRD ANNUAL REPORT
OF THE
m i MARINE m FISIIEIIIES
1909-10
FISHEEIES
PRINTED BY ORDER OF PARLIAMENT
0 T T AWA
PRINTEDIBY C. H. PARMELEE, rUINTEK TO TJIK KING'S MOST
EXCELLENT MAJESTY
1910
[No. 22—1911.]
GEORGE V. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22 A. 1911
To His Excellency the Eight Honourable Sir Albert Henry George, Earl Grey,
Viscoiint Howich, Baron Grey of Hawick, a Baronet, G.C.M.G., &c., &c., &c..
Governor General of Canada.
May it Please Your Excellency:
I have the honour to submit herewith, for the information of Your Excellency
and the legislature of Canada, the forty-third Annual Keport of the Department of
Marine and Fisheries, Fisheries Branch.
I have the honour to be,
Your Excellency's most obedient servant,
L. P. BRODEUK,
Minister of Marine and Fisheries.
Department of Marine and Fisheries,
Ottawa, October, 1010.
22— Ai
1 GEORGE V. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22 A. 1911
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page.
Deputy Minister's Eeport xiii.
Subjects Treated Therein.
Marine Biological Work xiii.
Transportation of Fresh Fish xv.
Dog Fish Reduction Works xvi.
General Statement re Fisheries xvii.
Resume of Fisheries of each Province xxi.
Special Appended Reports.
The Oyster Fishery of the Atlantic Coast of Canada li.
The Non-Progression of the Atlantic Fisheries of Canada Ixxii.
Appendices.
Expenditure and Revenue I
Fishing Bounty 8
Fishery Officers' Reports and Statistics 36 to 265
Fish Breeding Report 267
Oyster Culture Report 337
List of Fishery Officers and Overseers 343
Fisheries Protection Service Report 351
Prosecutions for Violations of Fisheries Act 366
Natural History Report 368
Photographs
1 GEORGE V. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22 A. 1911
ALPHABETICAL INDEX
TO THE
FISHEETES EEPORT
1909-10
A
Page.
Alberta, report and statistics 228
Antigonish County, N.S., returns 68
Areas — extent of fisheries and coast line xvii.
Armstrong, Wm., hatchery officer, Newcastle, Ont 300
B
Baldwin's Mills, rearing ponds 300
Babine Hatchery, B.C 334
Bay View Hatchery 282
Bedford Hatchery, N.S 279
Bernard, C. A., St. Cesaire, report 169
Berens river hatchery 313
Biological marine work, reference to xiii.
Bon Accord Hatchery, B.C 316
Bonaventure County, P.Q 172
Bounties Fishing Regulations 8
Statement of claims received and paid, 1009 10
General statistics 13
Statement of claims received and paid since 1882 14
Statement of all vessels receiving bounties, 1909 19
British Columbia, Resume of Fisheries xxxiii.
Report on Fisheries by Inspector C. B. Sword 238
Report by Inspector J. T. Williams 239
Reports by Inspector E. G. Taylor 245
Reports on fish culture 316
Seal catch in 1908 258
List of salmon canneries and pack for 1909-10 261
Recapitulation of catch and fishing material 264
Bucknall, Robt. C, hatchery officery, B.C 332
c
Canso Hatchery, N.S 283
Calder, J. F., Inspector, N.B., report 116
Carmichael, Alex. G., report on hatchery (C.B.) 280
Cape Breton Island. (See Nova Scotia District No. 1), also county 41
viii MARINE AND FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
Capital invested in the fisheries of Canada xl.
Catellier, L. N,. report on fish culture 294
Chapman, K. A., Inspector, jST.B., report 120
Charlotte County, N.B., reports of overseers, &c 124
Coa?t, extent of Canadian coast line xvii.
Colchester County, N.S., statistics of fisheries 63
Cowie, J. J., report on Atlantic fisheries of Canada Ixxii.
Cruisers, Canadian, list of 351
Culture of fish. (5'ee'F').
Cunningham, F. H., Supt. of Hatcheries, report 267
Cumberland County, N.S., fishery returns 58
Desbarats, G. J., Deputy Minister, report xiii.
Deseve, A. L., hatchery officer at Magog 296
Digby County, returns 104
Dog-fish Seduction Works xvi.
Duncan, A. G., Inspector, Ontario, report 209
E
Expenditure of Fishery Service 1
Fish culture 2
Fisheries Protection Service 3
General 4
Revenue , 5
Comparative statement 6
Fish Cuture, report on, F. H. Cunningham, Supt 269
Reports of officers in charge of hatcheries 279
Hatcheries in Nova Scotia. . . . ' 279
Hatcheries in New Brunswick 283
Hatcheries in Quebec 294
PTatcheries in Ontario 302
Hatcheries in Prince Edward Island 292
Hatcheries in British Columbia 316
Expenditure 2
Fisheries Protection Service 351
Fishery officers, staff . 343
Bounties. (See letter ' B.')
Statistical statements. (See letter ' S.')
Found, W. A., Atlantic Oyster Fishery of Canada, report on li.
Eraser River, B.C., hatchery (or Bon Accord) 316
Fry, distribution of 273
Recapitulation since 1873 274
Fundy Bay fisheries 116
INDEX ix
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
G
Gaspe hatchery 295
County, P.Q 174
Genernl ^tateme^t re fisheries xvii.
Georgian Bay fishery statistics 212
Georgetown hatchery, P.E.I 293
Gloucester County, N.B., returns 128
Grand Manan fisherios 124
Granite Creek hatchery 320
Guysborough County, N.S 70
Gibbs, Henry, hatchery officer, B.C 335
Graham, T. W., officer Pemberton Hatchery, B.C 331
Halkett, Andrew, Curator of the Ottawa Museum, report 368
Halifax County. X.S., reports 78
Harrison, H. E., fishery inspector, report 121
Harrison Lake hatchery, B.C 330
Hockin, R., inspector's report 38
Holroyd, A. W., hatchery officer, P.E.I 292
Hurley, J. 'M., inspector, Ontario, report 210
Inspectors of Fisheries, No. (See Staff) 343
Reports from. (See each province.)
Inverness County, X.S., returns 52
Kelly's Pond hatchery, P.E.I 292
Kent County, X.B., returns 130
Kingsmill, Rear Admiral, report of 351
Lake Lester rearing ponds 300
Lac Tremblant hatchery 298
Lake Superior 212
Huron (channel and proper) 212
Erie 212
Ontario 212
of the Woods 212
St. Clair 212
St. Jean, Que 203
Lakes in Alberta 230
Lindsay, Roht., hatchery officer, Gaspe 295
Lunenburg County, returns 90
X MARINE AXD FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
M
Magog hatchery, Que 296
Marine Biological station^, reference to xiii.
Magdalen Islands 178
Manitoba Lake 220
Manitoba, report and statistics of fisheries by Inspector W. S. Young 215
Margaree hatchery, C.B 280
Matheson, J. A., inspector, P.E.I., report 147
Miller, E. W., inspector, Saskatchewan, report 223
Miramichi hatchery, N.B., report 286
I^ritchell, D. S., hatchery officer, B.C 320
Mowat, Alex., hatchery officer at Eesti^ouche, N.B 286
McCluskey, Chas., hatchery officer, report 288
McNab, A. J., hatchery officer in charge 306
McKay, H. T., inspector, Yukon, report 233
N
Natural History Report, by Andrew Halkett 368
New Brunswick, Report on District No. 1, by Inspector J, F. Calder 116
Report on District No. 2, by Inspector R. A. Chapman.. .. 120
Report on District No. 3, by Inspector H. E. Harrison. . . . 121
Statistics of Fisheries Districts 1, 2 and 3 124
Recapitulation of Yield and Value of Fish 138
Recapitulation of Fishing Materials 139
List of Vessels receiving bounties 29
Newcastle, Ont., hatchery report 300
Nimpkish hatchery, B.C 336
Non-Progression of Atlantic Fisheries, by J. J. Cowie Ixxii.
North Shore Division, P.Q., reports 182
Northumberland County, N.B., returns 134
Nova Scotia, Resume of fisheries xxi.
Reports, Districts Nos. 1 and 2 36
Statistics of Fisheries Districts Nos. 1, 2, 3 40
Recapitulation, yield and material 114
List of vessels receiving bounties 19
0
Ontario, Resume of fisheries xxxi.
Statistics of fisheries 212
Ogden, Alfred, hatchery officer, N.S 279
Ottawa hatchery, officer's report 303
Oyster Culture Report, by Ernest Kemp, oyster expert 337
Oyster Fishery of Canada, by W. A. Found li.
P
Parker, Wm., hatchery officer, Sandwich, Ont 302
Pemberton hatchery, B.C 331
Prince Edward Island, Report on fisheries. Inspector J. A. Matheson 147
Statistics of fisheries 150
Statistics of fishing material 163
Resume of fisheries xxix.
INDEX xi
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
Protection Service, Rear Admiral Kingsmill 351
Pretty, A. W., B.C 334
Prosecutions for violations of Fisheries Act 366
Pliotographs
Quebec, Eeport on the Gulf of St. Lawrence, by Dr. Wm. Wakeham 164
Eeport of Inland Division, by Jos. Riendeau 167
Eeport of Inland Division, by C. A. Bernard 169
Statistics of fisheries for Gulf Division 170
Statistics of fisheries for Inland Division 201
Eecapitulation of yield of fisheries and materials 209
Eesunie of the fisheries xxx.
Quinte bass ponds 310
R
Eesume of fisheries of each province xxi.
Eevenue, statement of 5
comparative statement of 6
Eep :)rt of the Deputy Minister xiii.
Eeport of inspectors. (See also each province.)
Eestigouche hatchery. N.B 283
Eichmond County returns 40
Riendeau, Joseph, inspector's report, Quebec 167
Eivers Inlet hatchery, B.C 332
Eobertson, Thos.. hatchery officer, Harrison lake, B.C .330
Eoxborough, ^Ym., liatchery officer, B.C T 316
Samia hatchery 309
Shemogue lobster hatcherj^ 289
St. John County statistics 124
St. John Eiver District, N.B 121
hatchery, N.B 288
St. Alexis hatchery 298
Sandwich hatchery, Ont 302
Saugenay County, north shore 182
Salmon, remarks on. (See inspector's reports.)
Saskatchewan, report and statistics by Inspector E. W. Miller 223
Sheasgrccn, Isaac, officer Miramichi hatchery, X.B 286
Shippegan hatchery, N.B 290
Shelborne County returns 98
Skeena Eiver hatchery, B.C 318
Sheppard, 0. B., Inspector, Ontario, report 211
Special appended report by W. A. Found li.
Staff, outside officers 343
Statistics of fisheries. (See each province.)
Special appended report by J. J. Cowie Ixxii.
Xii MARINE AND FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
Selkirk hatchery 311
Statements recapitulating the value of fish since 1870 xlii.
Fishing gear, &c xliii.
Number of fishermen xliv.
the catch of fisli in detail. {See each province.)
Sword, C. B., inspector, B.C 235
Stuart Lake hatchery, B.C , 335
Tadoussac hatchery report 294
Taylor, E. G., inspector, Nanaimo, B.C., report 245
Transportation of fresh fish xv.
V
United States fishing vessels, modus vivendi licenses 355
entering Canadian ports 357
V
Value of fisheries. (See also each province.) xviii.
Victoria County, N.S 48
W
Walker, John, hatchery officer, report 303
Wakeham, Wm., M.D., report on Gulf of St. Lawrence fisheries 164
Westmoreland County, N.B., returns 131
Windsor hatchery, N.S 282
Winnipegosis Lake » . 220
hatchery 315
William, J. T., Inspector of Fisheries, northern B.C.. report 239
Whitwell, Thos., hatchery officer, B.C 320
Wiarton hatchery 306
Y
Yarmouth County returns . . . 102
Young, Wm. S., inspector, Manitoba, reports 215
Yukon Territory, inspector's report and statistics 233
Resume of fisheries xxxiii.
1 GEORGE V. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22 A. 1911
DEPUTY MI>iISTER'S REPORT.
To the Honourable L. P. Brodeur,
Minister of Marine and Fisheries.
Sir, — I have the honour to submit the annual report of the Fisheries Branch of
this department for the fiscal year ended on March 31 last.
There are embraced in this report the customary statements of the expenditure
and revenue, and the several reports of the district Inspectors of Fisheries, together
with reports on the work of the fish hatcheries operated under Dominion auspices in
the various provinces, Fishery Protection Service, &c., and a review of the fishing
bounty system during the fiscal year.
Two special reports are appended to this report ; one on ' The Oyster Fishery on
the Atlantic Coast of Canada,' by Mr. William A. Found, of this Department, and
the other on ' The Non-Progression of the Atlantic Fisheries of Canada,' by Mr. John
J. Cowie, also of this Department.
There are 19 appendices to this repoit, in the following order: —
No. 1. Fisheries Expenditure and Revenue.
2. Fishing Bounties.
3. Nova Scotia Fisheries.
4. New Brunswick Fisheries.
5. Prince Edward Island Fisheries.
6. Quebec Fisheries.
7. Ontario Fisheries.
8. Manitoba Fisheries.
9. Saskatchewan Fisheries.
10. Alberta Fisheries.
11. Yukon Fisheries.
12. British Columbia Fisheries.
13. Fish Breeding Report.
14. Oyster Culture Report.
15. List of Fishery Ofiicers (outside staff).
16. Fisheries Protection Service.
17. Prosecutions for Violati(Mi of Fisheries Act.
18. Natural History Report.
10. Photographs.
BIOLOGICAL STATIONS.
The three Biological Stations on the Atliuitic coast, on the Great Lakes and on
the Pacific coast continued as usual the technical work for which they are equipped.
xiv MARINE AND FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
The permanent buildings of the Athmtic Station at St. Andrews, N.B., were com-
pleted under the supervision of Professor D. P. Penhallow, of McGill University,
Montreal, who was the Director in charge of the Station's work during the two
seasons 1908 and 1909. Dr. Joseph Stafford was again occupied with surveying the
fishing grounds, and made considerable collections of fish and of marine animals,
upon which the valuable commercial fishes feed, in Passamaquoddy bay and off the
islands as far down as Grand Manan.
Professor J. P. McMurrich, of Toronto, also carried on some researches on
actineans, while Professor E. W. MacBride, of Montreal, took up the oyster-culture
work begun by Professor Kamsay Wright. Professor MacBride spent part of the
season on Prince Edward Island trying some new oyster spat experiments on the
reserve granted by the provincial government on Baltic river. Mr. Copeland, of
Toronto, made extensive temperature and salinity observations in connection with
suggested oyster planting, and other workers conducted investigations of a varied
nature. Eeports on the researches, completed, are now in the printer's hands and
will be issued as a third series of studies from the Biological Stations of Canada.
The Pacific Station, at Departure bay, near Nanaimo, British Columbia, the
fine buildings and laboratories of which were completed early in the year, had a
most successful season. Among the lines of research pursued by the staff of workers,
were the study of the crabs, shrimps, and crustaceans of the coast, the examination
of the tunicates of Departure bay, marine invertebrates which constitute a large part
of the food of valuable fishes, the collection of fishes' eggs and young stages of fish,
&c. Besides the Eev. Q. W. Taylor, the curator, who is a leading authority on
British Columbia fish, mollusks, &c., the staff included Dr. A. T. Huntsman, of
Toronto; Professor Burwash, of New Westminster; Professor* John Macoun, of
Ottawa, and others. In September a distinguished party of British and foreign
scientists journeyed from the British Association meeting at Winnipeg to the Pacific
coast to visit the Biological Station. They included Professor Starling, London;
Professor Stanley Gardner, Cambridge; Professor Wager, Leeds; Professor Jungersen,
Copenhagen, Denmark; Professor Charles Patton, Sheffield; Dr. C. C. Cossar, Edin-
burgh; Dr. C. L. Boulenger, British Museum, London; Professor Macallum, Toronto,
and others. The Mayor and city council of Nanaimo entertained the party to dinner,
and the Vancouver Island Coal Company took some of the scientists down their in-
teresting coal mines, while Professor Prince, Mr. Taylor and the staff superintended
dredging excursions. The scientific visitors were delighted with the Station, and
prophesied great results from the work of the staff in such an unusually favourable
locality.
The Great Lakes Station, at Go-Home bay, under the direction of Dr. B. Arthur
Bensley had a successful season, and the staff which consists mainly of biologists
from Toronto University completed several interesting fishery investigations.
All the stations are contributing reports to the series of twenty fishery and
scientific memoirs contained in the volume now in the printer's hands. These studies
from the Biological Stations will form part III. of Contributions to Canadian
Biology, and will be a publication of much interest and importance.
REPORT OF THE DEPUTY MINISTER XV
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
TRANSPORTATION OF FRESH FISH.
The steps by which the facilities aflforded by this department to rapidly and
satisfactorily develop and expand the trade in fresh fish, have advanced to their
present excellent standing, are fully explained at pages xvii to xxi of the Annual
Keport for 1908-9.
That the end in view is being rapidly achieved, there can be no question. In fact,
the growth of the trade has been much greater in the time than was anticipated,
even at the most sanguine moments, and the conditions are so satisfactory as to indicate
that the time when governmental assistance may be withdrawn is within measurable
distance.
The fast freight service from Halifax and Mulgrave, Nova Scotia, to Montreal,
has been continued throughout the year.
Under this service, a cold storage car is one day each week, when shipments offer,
placed at the disposal of the shippers of fresh fish from each point named, the depart-
ment guaranteeing the railway that the earnings of such cars will be at least two-
thirds those on a minimum carload lot of 20,000 lbs. from the point of starting to
destination. Previous to this arrangement, on account of the smallness of the ship-
ments offering, the railway did not find it possible to afford the facilities involved.
Wliile this service is not used very much during the warm months of summer,
at other times it has come to be availed of to such an extent as to be largely self-
sustaining.
The express service, under which this department accepts responsibility to the
different express companies for one-third of the ordinary express charges on all ship-
ments from Canadian Atlantic ports to points in Quebec and Ontario, and from
the Canadian Pacific ports, to points west of the eastern boundary of Manitoba, has
also been in operation throughout the year.
The ordinary express rate, say, from Halifax or Mulgrave to Montreal is $1.50
per 100 lbs.; but under the present arrangement the cost to shippers or consignees
is $1 per 100 lbs., and relatively from all intervening places.
The rate from Boston, Portland or Gloucester is SO cents per 100 lbs.; but as
the import duty is 1 cent per lb. the charge is brought up to $1.80 per 100 lbs. as
against $1 from Halifax or Mulgrave.
Before the question of improved facilities was taken up by the department, the
interior Canadian markets were practically altogether supplied from the United
States. Of course there are some kinds of fish not caught off the Canadian coasts,
and for which there is a certain demand at hotels, &c., which continue and no doubt
will continue to be brought into Canada ; but that the trade in the staple food fish,
such as cod, haddock, halibut, salmon, &c., which previously obtained with the United
States, has been practically altogether replaced by Canadian fish, is quite obvious.
In 1906. the imports of fresh fish from the United States into Ontario and Quebec
was 1,968,572 lbs. In 1908, such importations had fallen off to 1,180,543 lbs., while
xvi MARINE AND FISHERIES
1 GEORGE V A. 1911
during the year which ended on March 31, 1910, such shipments — excluding oysters
in the shell and lobsters, of which there were 2,115 barrels of the tormer and 26
barrels of the latter— had fallen off to but 761,569 lbs.
Not only has the importation of fresh fish from the United States been prac-
tically supplanted; but the consumption of such wholesome and nutritious food,
drawn from Canadian sources, is rapidly increasing. The fast freight service, as
has previously been shown, has become largely self-sustaining, as this service, it will
be observed, costs the department less, the more fish that is carried. On the other
hand, the amount of the department's responsibility for one-third of the express
charges, has been increasing very rapidly. The service was first tried experimentally
during the months of September, October and November, 1908, and during these
months, the department was called upon to pay $1,970.03 on account of such charges.
While during the month of October alone, in 1909, such payments amounted to
$2,648.98. This service has shown such beneficial effects that it has been continued
both from the Atlantic and Pacific coasts without intermission since February 24,
1909.
The express service from the Pacific coast was in operation such a short period in
1908-9, that it is difficult to make any satisfactory comparisons; but, it is quite
evident that the assistance afforded is enabling the building up of a very considerable
trade, particularly with such cities as Calgary, Edmonton and Winnipeg.
As was pointed out in last year's report, the time has come when transportation
facilities are so advanced, that it should be possible to obtain fresh fish, in absolutely
first-class condition, and at reasonable prices, in practically all parts of our country;
but before the business can be suitably carried on, cold storage facilities must be
available, not oiily around the coasts, but throughout the Dominion.
Modern, well equipped fish stores, managed by persons having some expert
knowledge of the proper handling of fish, in which the fish can be attractively dis-
played for sale, are also much needed in most of our larger centres of consumption.
DOGFISH REDUCTION WORKS,
The three works built by the department to test the feasibility of combatting
the dogfish nuisance, by converting them into commercial products, were operated
during the season the dogfish were on the coasts in any considerable numbers.
The Canso, Nova Scotia, plant began operations on September 14, and work
was continued until the first week of December. During that time 999 tons 1,875
lbs. of raw dogfish were treated, which yielded 131 tons 300 lbs. of fish scrap, and
10,560 gallon-s of oil.
The works at Shippigan, New Brunswick, were opened on July 3, and ceased
operations on November 3. During that time 341 tons 380 lbs. of dogfish, as well as
785 tons 882 lbs. of fish offal, were treated, and produced 144 tons of fish scrap, as
well as 2,000 gallons of oil.
REPORT OF THE DEPUTY MINISTER xvii
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
The works at Clark's harbour, Nova Scotia, were finished only last season, and so
were operated for the first time. They are more complete in many ways than either
of the others, not only having some improved machinery; but advantage was taken
of the experience gained at the other works, in arranging the plant. Operations
were begun on September 15, and the works were closed for the season on Novem-
ber 16, following. During that time 245 tons of dogfish, and 205 tons of fish offal
were reduced, and 70 tons of fish scrap as well as 3,800 gallons of oil were produced.
In order to enable the farmers to avail themselves of the very valuable fertilizer
that the fish scrap has proved itself to be, it has been sold to them in such quantities
as they might require at the very moderate rate of $20 per ton f.o.b. reduction works,
and as its fertilizing qualities are becoming better known, the demand for it is in-
creasing. Any amounts remaining after the farmers are supplied, is sold to the best
advantage, and brings usually a net price of from $27 to $30 per ton. The scrap
is quite rich in nitrogen, containing as high as 11 per cent thereof. The other
valuable fertilizing product is phosphate, of which there is usually from 8 to 9 per
cent.
The oil, as a usual thing, is readily saleable, the ruling price obtained being about
28 cents per gallon.
It will be observed that nothing but dogfish were handled as a raw material at
the Canso plant, the reason being that during the time the works were in operation,
dogfish were in such abundance as to tax the plant to its limit; but, when such is
not the case, all available fish offal, as well as dogfish, is reduced.
GENEEAL STATEMENT BE FISHEEIES.
EXTENT OF FISHERIES.
The territorial fishing grounds of Canada, extending as they do from the Bay
of Fundy to the strait of Belle Isle on the Atlantic coast, and from the Eraser river
to Prince Rupert on the Pacific coast, together with about one-quarter of a million
square miles of fresh water in the interior, constitute not only the most extensive, but
the most abundantly stocked commercial fishing waters in the world.
The deep sea fishery of the Atlantic coast is carried on in vessels of from 40 to
100 tons, with crews of from 12 to 20 men. The fishing grounds worked by these
vessels are the numerous banks which lie from 15 to 80 miles off the Canadian coast,
and the banks situated all over the Gulf of St. Lawrence.
The kinds of fish caught are cod, haddock, hake, pollock and halibut. The latter
kind is landed fresh, while the others are split and salted at sea for drying purposes.
The in-shore fishery is carried on in a smaller class of vessel, with crews of from
four to seven men, and in boats with two to three men.
The commercial food fishes caught in-shore are cod, hake, haddock, pollock,
halibut, herring, mackerel, alewives, smelt, flounders, swordfish, sardine, salmon, and
lobsters and oysters,
22— B
xviii MARINE AND FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
On the Pacific coast, salmon is predominant, but halibut and herring are very-
abundant. ^
Large steamers and vessels are used in the halibut fishery, while the salmon and
herring fisheries are carried on in small boats with two to three men.
The inland lakes produce whitefish, trout, pickerel, pike, sturgeon and fresh
water herring as well as numbers of other less important kinds. Steam tugs and boats
with two to three men are used in the lake fisheries.
VALUE OP FISHERIES.
The total value of all kinds of fish, and fish products, taken by Canadian fisher-
men during the year 1909-10 is $29,629,169.
This sum constitutes a record, being the highest yet reached during any one
year in the history of the Canadian fisheries.
It is $4,178,084 ahead of 1908-9, and $149,607 better than the total of 1905, which
was the previous record.
This result was obtained by a fishing fleet of 1,723 vessels, steamers and tugs,
five of which were engaged in fur seal hunting, and 41,170 boats, the whole being
manned by 68,663 men.
Sail-boats in the shore fishery are being speedily displaced by motor boats.
During the year under review, 15 fishermen lost their lives by drowning while
prosecuting their calling.
Of the drowned, five belonged to Shelburne county, N.S., eight to Guysboro
county, N.S., one to Prince Edward Island, and one to Yukon Territory.
The weather in the early part of the summer was boisterous, and much gear was
lost or destroyed.
REPORT OF THE DEPUTY MINISTER xix
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
The following table shows the value of the fisheries of each province in their
respective order of rank with the increase or decrease as compared with the year
1908-9 :—
Provinces.
Value of
Fish.
Increase. Decrease,
British Columbia !
$ cts.
10,314,755 50
8,081,111 56
4,676,315 25
2,177,813 00
1.808,436 65
1,197,556 59
1,00.3,385 00
173,580 00
82.562 20
113,653 93
$ cts.
3,849,717 50
71,272 63
•S cts.
Nova Scotia"
New Brunswick
77,982 00
Ontario*
77,733 37
Quebec
73,380 35
181,067 56
Prince Edward Island
Manitoba
402,989 00
20,7?5 00
33,316 20
54,698 93
Saskatchewan . .
Alberta . ...
Yukon Territory
• • •
Total
29,620,169 68
4,510,512 63
332,429 91
Net increase
4,178,082 72
* Estimated.
It will thus be observed that the great increase in value is- due to the western
provinces, British Columbia alone contributing nearly four millions of the increase.
With the exception of Nova Scotia, all the eastern provinces have fallen below the
previous year's level; which again was below that of the year preceding it. The follow-
ing table shows the relative values of the principal commercial fishes, returning
$100,000 and upwards in their order of rank for the year 1909-10, and shows the
amount of increase or decrease when compared with the year 1908-9.
Salmon
Cod
Lobster
Herring
Halibut
Whitefish
Mackerel
Smelts
Haddock
Pickerel
Trout
Sardines
Hake
Pike
Clams, quahuags.
Pollock . .
Oysters
Eels
Alewives
Kinds of Fish.
8,204.524
3,912,806
3,657,146
2,754,751
1,240,486
l,tXH),126
948,071
868,842
829,553
685,493
621,123
551,2<)4
367,439
350,356
341,978
325, 53;^ !
251,904 '
100,115 !
100,086 '
3,390,274
551,397
:}89,319
112,753
183,417
65,169
28,847
46,824
543,133
388,739
45,199
12:^,514
129,229
12,480
7,886*
20,420
22— Bi
XX MARINE AND FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
In the foregoing table it will be noted that the increase in the value of salmon
makes up the bulk of the total increase of all kinds.
The value of cod has been enhanced by an increase in the price per cwt.
The value of lobsters shows a considerable drop below that of the previous year.
This, as is pointed out by the fishery officers in their reports, is largely owing to the
prevalence of stormy weather during the comparatively short lobster fishing season.
The erratic movements of the mackerel are once more demonstrated by a large
falling off in the total value. The previous year, however, showed an increased value
of $355,304 over 1907-8. This fishery seems to make little or no advance. Twenty
years ago the value was $1,969,571, while during the past 10 years it has risen and
fallen between $800,000 and $1,600,000.
The value of halibut continues to advance, but here again the whole credit has
to be given to British Columbia.
It will be seen that the total value of oysters has risen above that of the previous
year. In spite of the present increase, however, the oyster industry seems to be a
stagnant one. .In looking back over the records of the last 20 years, it will be found
that, for instance, in 1891, the total output of oysters was 61,032 barrels, valued at
$183,846. Ten years later it was 41,920 barrels, valued at $167,680, while in the year
under review, it is 38,535 barrels, valued at $251,904. These figures tell their own
story. It is too bad that this condition has existed so long. This should be one of the
booming branches of the fishing industry. Canadian oyster beds are not only extensive,
but are far removed from any danger of pollution from sewage, &c.
The following table shows the total quantity and value of each kind of fish and
fish product for the year 1909-10 in the whole of Canada : —
Recapitulation of the Yield and Value of the Fisheries of the Dominion of Canada
for the Year 1909-10.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
II
12
13
14
15
16
Kinds of Fish.
Cod, dried Cwt.
ti fresh or green Lbs.
II tongues and sounds Brls.
Haddock, dried Cwt.
II fresh Lbs.
,. smoked (finnans) «
Hake, dried Cwt.
II sounds Lbs.
Pollock Cwt.
Tom Cod Lbs.
Halibur, . . . »
Flounders "
Salmon, preserved in cans «
II fresh 11
II smoked u
II pickled and dry salted n
Quantity.
814,041
4,354,871
1,634
111,705
10,073,4(57
2,583,975
130,651
100,218
121,205
2,087,800
23,232,308
1,021,5.10
47,676,772
7,418,869
450,924
14,285,200
Value.
3,753,620 00
143,118 77
16,068
361,649 00
308,659 30
159,245 50
338,244 50
29,195 00
325,533 50
44,586 00
1,240,4S6 00
19,692 20
6,4.56,373 30
660,210 85
44,675 08
1,043,265 00
Total
Value.
3,912,806 77
829,553 80
367,439 50
8,204,524 23
REPORT OF THE DEPUTY MINISTER
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
Recapitulation of the Yield and Value of the Fisheries of the Domiuioii of Canada
for the Year 1909-10— Continued.
Kinds of J^ish.
Trout, (all kinds) Lbs.
Ouananiche
Whitetish -.
Smelts -
Oulachons >i
Herring, salted Brls.
It fresh Lbs.
It smoked and kippered >i
Sardines, preserved in cans
It fresh and .«alted . .
27 iShad
28 lAlewives. . . .
2.) Pike.
30 iMaskinonge.
Brls.
Lbs.
31
32
33
34
35
Eels, salted Brls.
II fresh Lbs.
Perch . . .
Pickerel
Bass
36 jMackeiel, salted Brls.
37 I .. fresh Lbs.
38 ! Sturgeon ...
3.) 1 1. cavi.are.
40 I Lobsters, preserved in cans «
41 I It fresh or alive ... Cwt.
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
4H
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
Oysters Brls .
Clams, quahaugs, scallops, etc n
Squid ....
Coarse and mixed fish Lbs.
Tullibee, carp and greyling «
Fish vised as bait Brls.
M used as fertilizer n
yibhoil... Galls.
F'ur seal skins No.
Hair seal skins n
Sea otter skins n
Beluga skins n
Whale product
Dulse, cockles, and other shell fish not mentioned above
Swordfish Lbs.
Total value for 1909-10.
Quantity.
6,118,984
30,000
12,405,423
9,422,904
878.000
304,
79,944,
7,772,
3,569,
248,
6,918
7,
Value,
$ cts.
621,123 70J
3,000 00
l,fKXt,126 48|
868,842 88i
44,800 00,
Total
Value.
S ctsw
188
217
591
300
523
343
830
737
700
2,7.54,751 14
1,232,489 50
1.155,307 84
306,953 80
178,465 OOl
372.829 00
1 .551,294 90
57,039 20;
100,086 00
350,356 87
714 00
6,965
545,502
1,137,976
9,276,627
249,625
43,427
3,391,310
928,7(1
12,915
9,071,600
103,947
38,535!
94,435
12,321
21,326,961
1,675.020
389,321
503,135
669,2.59
3,742
12,378
18
109
68,939 00
31.176 00
1 100,115 00
5.5,902 00
685,493 50
28,595 50
578,607 OO'
369,464 00
1 948,071 00
78,773 001
13,815 OOi
2,721,478 60
935,668 00
230,800
146,611,
251,904 00
341,978 50
43,333 00
518,763 20
87,529 16
574,761 50
257,455 50
199,986 18
123,486 00
11,785 00
12,6<:>0 00
4:i6 00
314,870 00
11,918 00
13,695 77
92,588 00
3,657,146^60
29,629,169 68
EESUME OF THE FISHERIES OF EACH PROVINCE.
NOVA SCOTIA.
For the year under review the fisheries of this province have returned a value
amounting to $8,081,111.56. This is an increase of $71,272.63.
Salmon has fallen $9,000 in value, while the value of herring has advanced by
$147,800.
xxii MARINE AND FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
The value of mackerel has taken a large drop, heing $367,000 less than the pre-
vious year.
The previous year was phenomenal, however, in respect to the numbers that visited
the eastern end of the province.
The value of lobsters has dropped $244,871, owing chiefly to stormy weather
during spring and early summer.
Cod shows a very large increase in value. The advance over last year amounts
to $655,000. Not only was the price per cwt. higher, but the quantity taken was
considerably in excess of that of the previous year.
The total value of haddock has risen by $98,000 over last year. The value of
hake has fallen by $60,000, explainable by the fact that fishermen did not prosecute
hake fishing very vigorously, owing to the low price which prevailed throughout the
season.
The value of pollock and halibut has also dropped by $3,000 and $3,500 respec-
tively.
There is an increase in the value of smelts of $15,000. The value of eels and
clams has fallen, the former to the extent of $12,000 and the latter $20,500.
Oysters give $1,200 more in value than during the previous year, while the value
of squid has decreased by nearly $49,000, and thai of flounders likewise by about
$7,000.
Mixed or coarse fish are returned at $46,000 less in value than for 1908-9.
The value of fish used as bait, and as fertilizer is also returned at about $23,000
and $22,000 less, respectively.
The amount and value of swordfish caught on the Nova Scotia coast are recorded
in the returns this year for the first time, and show a total of 146,611 lbs. in quantity
and $13,695 in value. The swordfish is a huge species of mackerel, having a short shaft
of bone protruding from the upper jaw — hence the name — capable of penetrating
six inches of solid oak when the great body behind it gathers full momentum.
The Atlantic coast of North America appears to be the only part of the world
where the pursuit of the swordfish is engaged in regularly and systematically, but
strange to say, although the fishery has been carried on for many years on the New
England coast it is comparatively new to Nova Scotia.
Owing to the great speed and dexterity in using the terrible weapon in front of
it, the swordfish may be looked on as the veritable ruler of deep sea fishes.
The mode of capture is by harpooning, the striker standing on a platform erected
in the bow of the boat.
The fish weigh on the average, about 300 lbs., and the price paid is from 10 to 12
cents per pound.
There were 63 fewer vessels fishing; but 660 more boats.
REPORT OF THE DEPUTY MINISTER xxiii
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
There is a decrease of 1,554 in the number of persons employed in connection
with the fisheries at sea and on shore.
Thirteen fishermen belonging to the province lost their lives while engaged in
fishing during the year under review.
No. 1 District.
In this district, which comprises the whole of Cape Breton, the value of the
fisheries amounted to $1,325,103, being a decrease of $198,641.
There is an increase in the value of cod amounting to $67,000. The price for
dried is 50 cents per cwt. better than in the previous year. There is an increasing
quantity being shipped green.
Haddock value has risen by $43,000. The quantity used fresh has increased
by 10 millions of pounds, and the quantity dried by about 6,000 cwt.
Hake and smelts have increased in value by about $1,500 and $3,000 respectively,
while halibut, salmon and herring have fallen in value by $1,800, $5,000 and $20,000,
in the order named.
Mackerel also has dropped considerably in value from that of 1908-9, namely
$166,000, but when compared with 1907-8, the balance is found to be in favour of the
present year by $97,000.
The value of lobsters has fallen by $56,000. There is a decrease of 224,000 lbs.
in the quantity canned, but an increase of 3,400 cwts. in the quantity shipped in the
.shell. The drop in value is said to be due to storms, along with trouble between
packers and fishermen as to price of green lobsters.
There were 9 fewer vessels fishing and 106 fewer vessel fishermen, also there were
72 fewer boat fishermen. In canneries and fish-houses there were 306 fewer workers.
RICHMOND COUNTY.
In this county there is an increase of $20,000 in the value of cod. Haddock fresh
and haddock dried show increases of $24,000 and $7,000 respectively.
Hake, halibut and smelts, each shows an increase amounting to $3,000, $1,000
and $1,700, in the order named. Herring returns a decrease to the extent of $57,000.
The value of mackerel, fresh, has risen by $16,000, but that of mackerel, salted,
has fallen by $156,207. This county produced the phenomenal increase of last year
for the district and as a consequence shows the largest decrease this year.
The value of lobsters canned has fallen by over $9,000 and that of lobsters shipped
in the shell by $700.
C.vrE BRETON COUNTY.
This county shows an increase in the value of cod amounting to $27,000. Had-
dock fresh, a decrease of $1,300, but haddock dried, an increase of nearly $9,000.
The value of halibut and salmon has fallen $3,000, and $1,000 respectively. Herring
xxiv MARINE AND FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
value has risen by $24,000. Mackerel fresh, has increased $2,000 in value, while
mackerel salted, has fallen $3,500. The value of lobsters canned shows a decrease of
$41,000, but an increase in the value of those shipped in the shell of over $9,000.
VICTORIA COUNTY.
In Victoria county the value of cod has gone up by $17,000. Haddock smoked
and dried, also show enhanced values by $200 and $2,000 respectively.
The value of halibut has risen by $600, while that of salmon has fallen by a like
amount. Herring and mackerel each returns increased values, the former $7,000 and
the latter $2,000. The value of lobster canned has increased by $3,000, likewise the
value of those shipped in the shell by $500.
INVERNESS COUNTY.
In this county the value of cod has gone down by $2,400. The value of haddock
fresh and dried, has gone down by $3,000 and $200 respectively. Hake also has de-
creased in value by $2,000 while that of halibut has risen by $300.
Smelts give an increased value of $1,200, also the value of herring has risen by
about $4,000. Mackerel, however, shows a drop in value of $27,000. The value of
lobsters shipped fresh in the shell has increased by $1,000, but that of lobsters canned
has gone down by $19,000.
District No. 2.
The value of the fisheries in this district, which comprises the counties of Hali-
fax, Guysboro, Antigonish, Pictou, Cumberland, Colchester and Hants, amounts to
$1,767,762. This is a falling off from last year to the extent of $258,678. The kinds
showing enhanced values are cod with $102,000, haddock with $7,600, hake with
$1,000, smelts with over $5,000 and herring with over $45,000. Those showing de-
creased values, pollock with $4,300, halibut with about $7,000, salmon with over
$11,000, mackerel with over $273,000 and lobster with over $98,000, while clams return
only half the value of the previous year.
Over all the district there were 120 fewer men in vessels and 471 fewer in boats
engaged in fishing. There were, however, 198 more persons employed in canneries
and fish houses, &c. A glance at the separate county returns shows the rise and fall
in the value of the various kinds as follows: —
HALIFAX COUNTY.
Cod shows a rise in value of $44,000. Haddock also has risen in value by $14,000
and pollock and halibut an increase in value of about $1,000 and $400 respectively.
The value of herring and salmon has increased, the former by $19,000 and the
latter by $1,700. Mackerel has fallen in value by about $16,000. The value of lob-
sters canned, has fallen by $33,000, but that of lobsters shipped in the shell has risen
by $6,000. The value of clams is $12,000 less than that of the previous year. There
REPORT OF THE DEPUTY MIMSTER xxv
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
is a total increase for the county of all kinds amounting to $31,365. In this county
105 fewer men fished in vessels and 137 fewer men in boats. Twenty-nine fewer
persons were employed in canneries and fish houses.
GUYSBORO COUNTY.
In this county the value of cod has gone up by $56,550 and that of herring by
$9,000, while the following kinds show decreased values, viz. : haddock with over
$6,000, hake with $2,000, pollock with $5,000, halibut with $7,200, salmon with $100,
mackerel with $255,200 and lobsters with $35,000. The value of the latter shipped in
the shell has risen, however, by $5,000.
There is a total decrease over the county of $261,581. Most of this falling off is
due to mackerel; but this fish returned an exceptionally large value in this county
in the previous year.
There were 17 fewer men in vessels, 110 fewer men fishing in boats and 11 fewer
persons employed in canneries and fish houses.
ANTIGONISH COUNTY.
Cod has increased in value by about $2,000. Hake and herring each has risen in
value by $300. Mackerel and lobster show a decrease value of $700 each. There is a
total decrease in all kinds over the county of $8,315. There were three more men in
vessels, forty fewer men in boats, fishing, and twelve fewer persons employed in can-
neries and fish houses.
PICTOU COUNTY.
In this county the value of herring and smelts has increased, the former by about
$1,000 and the latter by about $4,000. Salmon, mackerel and lobsters have fallen off
in value by $2,700, $1,000 and $18,000 in the order named. There is a decreased value
over all kinds of $17,526.
There were twenty fewer men fishing in boats and 164 more persons employed
in canneries, &c.
CUMBERLAND COUNTY.
Herring and smelts show enhanced values of $16,000 and $2,000 respectively,
while cod, salmon and lobsters have fallen in value by $700, $1,600 and $1,000, in the
order named. The total value has increased by $12,393. There were forty-one fewer
men fishing in boats and ninety-three fewer persons employed in canneries and fish
houses.
COLCHESTER COUNTY.
Salmon has decreased in value by $1,000. The value of smelts has risen by $600.
No lobsters are shown in the returns for this county for 1909-10. The reason
for this is that one of the two canneries operated in 1908-9 was removed to Cumber-
land county while the other did not operate, the local fishermen selling their lobsters
in Pictou county.
xxvi MARINE AXD FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
There is a total decrease for the county of $16,614. There were 115 fewer men
fishing in boats and 29 fewer persons were employed in canneries and fish houses.
HANTS COUNTY.
There is a total increase of $1,600 in this county. Alewives show $1,000 more in
value, while salmon has dropped $300.
There were eight fewer men fishing in boats.
No. 3 District.
The total value of the fisheries in this district, which comprises the counties of
Lunenburg, Queens, Shelburne, Yarmouth, Digby, Annapolis and Kings, amounts
to $4,988,245.
This is an increase of $528,592 over that of the previous year. An increased value
is shown by each of the following kinds, viz. : herring, $122,754 ; mackerel, $72,668 ;
cod, $484,620; haddock, $46,900; pollock, $12,800; halibut, $5,000; smelts, $7,000;
salmon, $8,000, and squid about $2,000.
The following kinds have dropped in value, viz.: —
Lobsters, $89,786; hake, $64,689; alewives, $6,000; eels, $5,000.
Mixed fish are returned at $45,835 less than in the previous year. The value of
fish used as bait is placed at $23,566 less also. The value of fish oil has dropped by
$2,000. Heavy storms during the month of May interrupted lobster fishing, and
caused considerable loss of gear in this district.
Gasoline boats are fast taking the place of sail boats. In the western part of
Shelburne county alone, the value of motor boats added to the fleet amounted to
$44,000 during the year. All over the district, the number of men in vessels is less
by 273, and that of men in boats less by 321, while the number of workers employed
on shore has decreased by eighty-three.
A look into the figures of each county in the district, shows the rise and fall in
the value of the various kinds as follows : —
LUNENBURG COUNTY.
The value of herring is about $2,000 greater than that of the previous year.
Mackerel value also shows an advance amounting to $20,000.
The value of lobsters canned has fallen off by $7,432, and that of those shipped
in the shell likewise by $5,000.
The quantity of cod dried is 54,000 cwts. greater than in 1908, while the value
has advanced by $350,000.
The quantity and value of haddock are also greater than in the previous year by
about 5,000 cwts. and $25,000.
The value of pollock and of halibut has also increased, the former by $5,000 and
the latter by over $10,000. The aggregate increase all over the county is $414,018.
REPORT OF THE DEPUTY MINISTER xxvii
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
QUEENS COUNTV.
In this county the vahie of herring has gone down by $6,000 and that of mackerel
likewise by $5,000.
Lobsters canned and lobsters shipped in the shell have advanced in value by
$2,500 and $4,000 respectively.
The value of cod dried, has dropped by about $5,000, while that of pollock has
jumped up by $3,000.
The aggregate falling off in the total value of all kinds is $9,426.
SIIELBURNE COUNTY.
Here the value of herring has dropped by over $9,000, while that of mackerel has
gone above the previous year's by $53,000.
The value of lobsters canned has fallen off by $11,000 but that of lobsters shipped
in the shell has risen by over $13,000.
The value of cod has advanced by over $136,000 and that of haddock likewise
by $46,000. Pollock value has fallen about $3,000, while that of halibut is practically
the same as last year.
*
There is an aggregate increase in the value of all kinds in the county of $216,653.
YARMOUTH COUNTY.
In this county there is an increase in the value of salmon of $2,000. Herring
value is greater than that of last year by $43,000. Mackerel value too, has risen by
$3,000.
The value of lobsters canned and that of lobsters shipped in the shell is greater
by $17,000 and $75,000 respectively. The value of cod dried, has dropped by $8,500,
while that of haddock has gone up by over $5,000.
Halibut and smelt values have advanced, the former by $10,000 and the latter
by $6,000. The value of pollock has gone down by $15,500.
DIGBY COUNTY.
The value of herring in Digby county has gone up by $65,000. Cod also has
advanced $16,500. Haddock dried and haddock smoked have fallen in value by $5,000
and $34,000 respectively.
The value of dried hake has fallen by about $65,000 while that of pollock has
risen by over $15,000. Halibut has fallen in value by $16,000. The total value of
the county is $100,000 less than that of the previous year.
ANNAPOLIS COUNTY.
There is an aggregate increase in the value of all kinds in this county of $63,561,
contributed to by the following kindd chiefly, viz.: salmon, $1,000; herring, $3,500;
lobsters, $16,000; cod, $6,800; haddock, $13,000, hake, $7,700 and pollock $8,000.
xxviii MARINE AND FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
KINGS COUNTY.
Here there is a rise in salmon and herring values of $6,700 and $6,500 respec-
tively. The value of lobsters has fallen by about $1,600, and that of cod dried like-
wise by over $1,700. Haddock value has decreased by about $1,000, while that of
pollock has increased by about $300. The value of alewives also has increased by
nearly $3,000.
There is an aggregate increase for the county of $13,579.
Fuller details of the fisheries of the province of Nova Scotia will be found at
appendix 3 of this report.
NEW BRUNSWICK.
The total value of the fisheries of New Brunswick for 1909-10 amounts to $4,-
676,316. This is a falling off from that of the year before of $77,982.
The value of salmon is $24,305 less than in the previous year. Cod has fallen
also in value by $63,000.
Haddock value has risen by $16,000, but the value of hake, pollock, and halibut
has fallen by $66,000, $10,000 and $4,000 respectively.
Shad has increased in value by $7,000, while the value of alewives has dropped
$18,453. The value of smelts shows quite a great gain over the previous year, viz.:
$345,621.
Pickerel and sturgeon give increased values, the former $2,000 and the latter
$1,100.
The value of sardines has dropped by $123,127 and that of flounders likewise by
$11,000. Tom cod has fallen in value by $25,000, while oysters and clams have risen
in value, the former by $2,000 and the latter by $45,000. The value of dulse and
cockles has fallen off by $5,000.
There is an increase of $58,600 in the value of lobsters shipped in the shell, but
a decrease of $191,192 in the value of those canned, making a decrease of $132,497
in the total value of lobsters.
There were 776 fewer fishermen engaged in fishing throughout the province than
during the previous year. In the number of persons employed in canneries, fish
houses, &c., there was a decrease of 217. There were ten more vessels, and 611 fewer
boats used.
District No. 1.
This district, which comprises the counties of Charlotte and St. John, shows a
falling off in the value of its fisheries amounting to $61,347.15. This falling off has
to be attributed altogether to hake. The price of this fish was so low throughout the
season that fishermen practically abandoned catching them, consequently there is a
decrease of over 23,000 cwts. in the quantity caught when compared with the previous
year.
REPORT OF TEE DEPUTY MINISTER xxix
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
In spite of lower prices the total value of herring has more than doubled owing
to a large increase in quantity.
The spring run of sardines was large, but in the course of the summer there was
a suddien disappearance of those fish, caused possibly, by the great amount of fresh
water that entered the bay as a result of the heavy rainfall during the summer.
There is an increase of nearly 50 per cent in the quantity of lobsters shipped in
the shell. The mildness of the winter enabled fishermen to operate rriore regularly
than usual.
There is an increase in the quantity of cod dried, but a decrease in the quantity
sold fresh. Clams give an increase of 50 per cent over the previous year, but the
year under review was just an average one. There is a falling oS in the quantity
of alewives.
District No. 2.
In this district, which comprises the counties of Albert, Westmorland, Kent,
Northumberland, Gloucester and Restigouche, the total value of fish landed is less by
$26,000.
The low prices paid for several kinds of fish discouraged fishermen from prosecut-
ing certain fisheries with as much vigour as usual.
Lobsters show a falling off in quantity of upwards of 600,000 lbs. The quantity
of smelts caught was greater by nearly two million lbs., and prices were very high.
Clams also show a considerable increase; the price being high and fishing good.
No. S District (Inland).
In this district, which lies mostly inland, and comprises the counties of Kings,
Queens, Sunbury, York, Carleton, Victoria, and Madawaska, there is a small decrease
of $440 in the value of fish taken.
Salmon fishing was not very good owing to heavy rains. Shad gives an increase
over last year but the supply is far short of local demands.
Trout fishing was about as good as usual and continues to bring many tourists
to the district. The sturgeon catch was much better than in the previous year, and
indications point to a gradual improvement in this important fishery. Fuller details
of the Fisheries of New Brunswick will be found at Appendix No. 4 of this report.
PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND.
The total value of the fisheries of this province for 1909-10 is $1,197,556. This
is a decrease of $181,067 from the value of the previous year.
The kinds of fish showing either an increase or a decrease in value when com-
pared with the year before, are as follows: — cod, a drop of $17,539; and hake also a
drop of $2,360. Smelts give an increased value of $18,753, the catch being larger and
the price two cents per pound better than in the previous year. Herring value has
XXX MARINE AND FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
gone up by $14,682, while mackerel value has come down by $1,488. Lobster fishing
got a distinct set back by two bad storms on the north shore of the island; con-
sequently there is a decrease of $243,524 in the total value. The amount shipped fresh
in the shell is, however, 75 per cent greater. The value of oysters and quahaugs has
increased, the former by $25,801 and the latter by $1,000.
Cod fishing is not prosecuted now from the Island with the same amount of
vigour as in former years. Dpg-fish seem to be taking themselves off.
There were forty-six fewer men employed fishing in vessels and fifty fewer in
boats. In canneries and fish houses there were twenty-nine more persons employed.
The value of fishing material, &c., has increased by $21,114.
Fuller details of the fisheries of Prince Edward Island will be found at Appen-
dix No. 5 of this report.
QUEBEC.
The total value of the fisheries of this province is $1,808,436.65, being a decrease of
$73,380.
The value of salmon has fallen by $55,000 and that of cod likewise by $50,000.
The haddock value is also less by $500. Halibut and herring too give lower values,
the former by $6,000 and the latter by $51,000. The value of mackerel is $25,000
short of that of the previous year.
Fuller details of the fisheries of Prince Edward Island will be found at Appen-
higher values by $10,000, $5,000 and $4,000 in the order named.
The value of fish used as bait is given as $86,000 greater than that of the pre-
vious year. Fish oil value is less by $56,000, and there is a decrease in the value
of seal and beluga skins of $51,000.
There were four fewer vessels and forty-three fewer men, and twenty-four more
boats, but fifty-five fewer boat fishermen at work. In canneries and fish houses, there
were 169 fewer workers employed.
GULF Di\asiON.
In what is known as the Gulf Division, which comprises the north side of the
Bay Chaleur, from the Restigouche to Gaspe Basin, and along the north coast of
Gaspe county as far as Cape Chatte, also the north shore of the lower St. Lawrence
river from Saguenay to the boundary line between Quebec and Labrador, and the
Magdalen Islands, there is a decrease in the value of the fish landed amounting to
$51,000. This is chiefly due to the low prices for cod at the opening of the season,
causing many fishermen to cease operations and seek other employment.
There was no diminution in the abundance of fish on the usual fishing grounds.
There is a decrease in the value of salmon due to bad weather conditions in the
Saguenay county district, and the price being returned at ten cents per pound in-
stead of fifteen cents as in former years.
REPORT OF THE DEPUTY MINISTER xxxi
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
The drop in the value of herring is caused by the fish having failed to put in
their usual appearance on the north coast of Gaspe county.
The mackerel fishery of the Magdalen Islands shows a decrease from the previous
year's total. The fish kept off shore all the season and only the largest boats could
venture to within reach of them.
The lobster fishery shows a considerable increase; the weather being fine through-
out the whole fishing season.
INLAND DIVISION.
In the inland division of the province, which cornprises the whole of the river
St. Lawrence from Cape Chatte on the south side, and from Pointe des Monts on the
north side, to Montreal, including contributory rivers and lakes, a decrease is shown in
the value of its fisheries of $22,288. Owing to the manner of collecting the figures
in this division, however, the results shown cannot be taken as absolutely correct.
The herring and cod fisheries of Eimouski county would have been equal to, if
not better than the previous year's, for gales of wind which frequently prevented
the fishermen from operating during the season.
In the Island of Orleans and along the St. Lawrence generally, storms interrupted
fishing operations and destroyed much of the fishing gear, particularly that of the
eel fishery.
Fuller details of the fisheries of Quebec will be found at Appendix Xo. 6 of this
report.
ONTARIO.
The statistics concerning the fisheries of this province have heretofore been taken
from the provincial ' Annual Report of the Game and Fisheries.'
Owing to a change in the ending of the last provincial year, the report referred
to has not been issued, consequently the usual detailed information regarding the
Ontario fisheries for 1909-10 will not be found in this report.
An estimate of the quantity and value of fish landed, however, has been made up
and wiU be found at Appendix No. 7 of this report.
MANITOBA.
The total value of the fisheries of Manifoba for 1909-10 is $1,003,385, being an
increase of $402,989 over the previo\is year.
The value of whitefish is $100,000 greater, and that of pickerel likewise by nearly
$169,000.
The value of pike and sturgeon has gone ui\ the former by $30,000 and the latter
by $2,500. Tullibee has increased in value by .$12,500 and goldeyes by $11,000.
xxxii MARINE AND FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 19 i1
In the amount of fish consumed at home, there is an increase of nearly $82,000
worth.
There were engaged in the fisheries thirty-six fewer men in tugs and 115 more
men in boats. In fish houses, &c., there were 200 fewer persons employed.
The Inspector attributes the increase in whitefish to the action of the department
in shortening the commercial fishing season by nearly two months, and also to the
work of the hatcheries.
It may be noted that sail boat fishermen on Lake Winnipeg averaged from $600
to $1,000 during 2^ months summer fishery operations in the year under review.
Lake Winnipeg is the only lake in Manitoba in which commercial fishing is carried
on during the summer. The supply of fish in this lake seems to be quite as good as
it has been for many years.
In Lake Winnipegosis there is an increase in the quantity of whitefish produced,
amounting to 345,400 lbs., and of pickerel amounting to 584,700 lbs.
The value of fish caught in Lake Manitoba shows an increase of $118,000.
All the waters lying north of the Big Saskatchewan river show satisfactory in-
creases over last year.
Fuller details of the fisheries of the province will be found at Appendix No. 8
of this report.
SASKATCHEWAN.
The value of the fisheries of this province for 1909-10 amounts to $173,580, being
an increase of $20,785 over that for the previous year.
Whitefish produced an increase of 173,580 lbs. in quantity and $11,220 in value.
The quantity of pike taken is 315,000 lbs. and the value $6,950 greater than in
the previous year.
Coarse fish returns an increase of 42,000 lbs. in quantity and $1,260 in value.
The quantity of sturgeon has also increased by 24,000 lbs. and the value by
$2,400.
Eighty-seven more licensed fishermen operated, using 87 more boats than during
1908-9.
Fuller details of the fisheries of the province will be found at Appendix No.
9 of this report.
ALBERTA.
The value of all kinds of fish taken in this province during 1909-10 amounts to
$82,562, being an increase over the year before of $33,316,
The returns show the quantity and value of whitefish to have doubled those of
the year previous. The value of pickerel also is greater by $1,800. Pike produced
REPORT OF THE DEPUTY MINISTER xxxiii
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
$4,000 more in value, while the value of coarse and mixed fish has also advanced by
$5,000.
Fuller details of the fisheries of the province will be found at Appendix No.
10 of this report.
YUKON TERRITOKY.
The total value of all fish caught in the whole Yukon Territory for 1909-10 is
$113,653, which is almost double the total value of the previous year. This is due
largely to the Inspector having ascertained the amount of fish caught by the Indians
in the territory and which is shown, in this year's returns, for the first time. The
quantity of fish produced by white people is about the same as last year, with the
exception of salmon, which is 25 per cent less.
As will be seen by the returns, the proportion caught by Indians is greater than
that caught by white people.
The Inspector, quoting from the report of the Northwest Mounted Police, at
Herschel Island, Y.T., says that the average yearly value of whale and seal products
taken from the waters off the northern coast of the Yukon amounts to three million
dollars.
Fuller details of the fisheries of the Yukon Territory will be found at Appendix
No. 11 of this report.
BRITISH C0LU:MBIA.
The value of all kinds of fish produced in this province during the year under
review, amounts to $10,314,755, being greater than that for 1908-9 by $3,849,717.
This total constitutes a new record, and is $464,539 greater than that of the pre-
vious record year (1905) ; besides being the highest total value ever reached by any
individual province in the history of the fisheries of the Dominion. Salmon, of
course, is responsible chiefly for this great result. There is an increase in the value
of fishing craft and material of $2,273,456.
The value of the salmon catch all over the province has increased by $3,476,134.
This increase was produced chiefly in District No. 1, which includes the Fraser
River.
But while the two southern districts 1 and 3 show increases in the salmon fishery
No. 2 or the northern district, shows a total decrease in the value of salmon of
$158,075.
The quantity of halibut caught is greater than that of the year before by 4,193,-
445 lbs., causing the value to exceed the million dollar mark for the first time. The
increased value amounts to $209,673.
The value of herring is still on the increase. It is $80,000 greater than that of
the previous year. Cod shows an increase of 452,700 lbs. in quantity and $27,162 in
value.
22— c
xxxiv MARINE AND FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
The quantity of sturgeon caught is greater by 320,000 lbs., enhancing the value
by $16,000.
The number of fur seals taken is less but the value is greater by $14,500.
District No. 1.
In this district, which consists of the southern portion of British Columbia
(mainland) and includes the Fraser River, the most noteworthy feature of the
fisheries of 1909-10, is the extraordinary increase in salmon. The total value of all
kinds of salmon caught in the district is $4,146,819, which makes the enormous in-
crease of $3,286,135 over the total for 1908-9.
There is an increase of 3,568,445 lbs. in the quantity of halibut brought to land
in this district, giving an increase in value of $178,423.
There is an increasing quantity of cod being landed in the district. In the
course of the year under review, the previous year's landings were doubled, giving
an increase in value of $18,600.
District No. 2.
In this district, which consists of the northern part of British Columbia, there
were 61,504 fewer cases of salmon canned than during the previous year. This repre-
sents a decrease in value of $203,175. There is an increase in the total quantity of
salmon salted, smoked and mild cured, however, which reduces the decrease in the
value of salmon of all kinds to $158,075.
Halibut shows an increased value of $22,550 and herring an increase of about
$1,500, while oulachons return an increased value of $6,000.
District No. 3.
The total value of all kinds of fish and fish products in this district, which con-
sists of Vancouver Island and the adjacent mainland, is $2,422,488, making an in-
crease of $434,636 over the year previous.
The value of sahnon of all kinds has increased by $347,073. Halibut gives
$8,700 more this year than in the year before.
The value of herring continues to advance. This year it is greater by $77,408.
There were 1,212 fewer fur seal skins landed than during the season of 1908-9,
but the value is $14,498 greater, owing to an increase in price of $11 per skin.
Only five vessels engaged in sealing operations during 1909-10. The number
of seals taken by Indians along the coast in canoes was the smallest for many years
owing to rough weather.
REPORT OF THE DEPUTY MINISTER xxxv
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
The value of whale product is less by $42,630, very few whales having come into
the gulf of Georgia.
Fuller details of the fisheries of the province will be found at Appendix No.
12 of this report.
The following table is a recapitulation of the quantity and value of all kinds of
fish landed in the different provinces of Canada during the year 1909-10: —
22— (i
XXXVl
MARINE AND FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
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SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
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xl MARINE AND FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
NUMBER OF PERSONS EMPLOYED AND AMOUNT OF CAPITAL
INVESTED IN FISHERIES.
During the year 1909-10 there were employed in the actual work of fishing in the
whole of Canada Y,931 men on board of vessels, and 60,T32 in boats.
In canneries and fish houses of various kinds on shore there were employed in the
work of cleaning and preparing the fish for market 21,694, making a grand total, of
those directly engaged in the work of the fisheries, of 90,357.
This shows a decrease of 619 men in vessels, a decrease of 1,788 men in boats and
an increase in the number of fish workers on shore of 7,941, making altogether an
increase in the grand total of 5,534 over the previous year. The large increase in the
number of fish workers is due chiefly to the greatly increased pack of salmon in the
Eraser river district, B.C. Besides the foregoing there are many persons connected
with the fisheries in a more indirect way, such as coopers, teamsters, net and rope
makers, boat builders, &c., who are not taken into account in making up the returns.
The estimated total capital invested in the fisheries of Canada amounts to $17,-
357,932. Of this sum $5,158,750 represent the value of vessels and boats, while
$12,199,182 stand for the value of fishing gear, canneries, fish houses and other fixtures
necessary to the carrying on of the industry.
The following table shows by provinces the details of men employed and the
value of vessels, gear, &c. : —
REPORT OF THE DEPUTY MINISTER
Xli
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
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REPORT OF THE DEPUTY MINISTER
xliii
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
Comparative Table showing Number, Tonnape and Value of Vessels and Boats-
engaged in the Fisheries of Canada, together with the Value of Fishing Materials
employed, from 1880 to 1909.
Year.
1880... .
1881
1882
1883
1884
1885... .
1886
1887
1888... .
1889... .
1890
1891... .
1892
1893
1894
1895
1896
1897
1898
1899
1900... .
1901
1902
1903 . . . .
1904 ...
1905
1906....
1W7
I!M)8
1909
VE8SBL.S.
No. Tonnage.
1,181
1,120
1,140
1,198
1,182
1,177
1,133
1,168
1,137
1,100
1,069
1,027
988
1,104
1,178
1,121
1,217
1,184
1,154
1,178
1,212
1,231
1,2%
1,343
1,316
1,384
1,439
1,390
1,441
1,750
45,323
48,389
42,845
48,106
42,747
48,728
44,605
44,845
33,247
44,936
43,084
39,377
37,205
40,096
41,768
37,829
42,447
40,679
38,011
38,508
41,307
40,358
49,888
42,712
43,025
41,640
40,827
36,902
40,818
37.662
Value.
Boats.
No.
$
1,814,688
1,765,870
1,749,717
2,023,045
1,866,711
2,021,633
1,890,411
1,989,840
2,017,558
2,064,918
2,152,790
2,125,355
2,112,875
2,246,373
2,409,029
2,318,290
2,041,130
1,701,239
1,707,180 I
1,716,973 ':
1,940,329 '
2,417,680
2,620,661 I
2,755,150 [
2,592,527 j
2,813,834 !
2,841,875
2,731,888
3.571,871
3.303,121
25,266
26,108
26,747
25,825
24,287
28,472
28,187
28,092
27,384
29,555
29,803
30,438
30,513
31,508
34,102
34,268
35,398
37,693
38,675
38,538
38,930
38,186
41,667
40,943
41,J338
41,463
39,634
38,711
39,965
41,170
Value.
I Value
iof Nets and
' Snines.
716,352
696,710
833,137
733,186
741,727
852,257
850,545
875,316
859,953
9()5,010
924,346
1,007,815
1,041,972
955,109
1,009,189
1,014,057
1,110,920
1,128,682
1,136,943
1,195,856
1,248,171
1,212,297
1,199,598
1,338,003
1,376,165
1,373,337
1,462,374
1,437,196
1,696,856
1,855,629
985,978
970,617
1,351,193
1,243,360
1,191,579
1,219,284
1,263,1.52
1,499,328
1,594,992
1,591,C85
1,695,358
1,644,892
1,475,043
1.637,707
1,921,352
1,713,190
2,146,9:54
1,955,304
2,075,928
2,162,876
2,405,860
2,312,187
2,103,621
2,305,444 ■
Value of rj, . ,
other ' Total
Fishing .<^aP'tal.
Material.
Invested.
2,189,666
2,310.5()S
2,426,341
2,266,722
2,283.127
2,572,820
S
419,564
679,8.52
823,9.38
1,070.930
1,224,646
2,604,285
2,720,187
2,384,-356
2,390,502
2,149,138
2,600,147
2,598,124
.3,017,945
3,174,404
4,099,546
4,208,311
4,527,267
4,585,569
4,940,046
5,074,135
5,395,765
.^ 549, 136
5,.382,079
5,842,857
6,198,584
6,383,218
7,824,975
8,374,440
7,957,500
9,626,362
3,936,582
4,113,049
4,757,985
5,120,.527
5,014,663
6,697,459
6,814,295
6,748,840
6,863,005
6,770,151
7.372,6il
7,376,186
7,647,835
8,681,557
9,439,116
9,253,848
9,826,251
9,370,794
9,860,097
10,149,840
10,990,125
11,491,300
11,-305,959
12,241,454
12,356,942
12,880,897
14,5.55,565
14.826.592
15,508,275
17,357,932
xliv
MARINE AND FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
CoMPARATi\'E Table showing the Number of Men enmloyed in the Fishing Industry
since 1895.
Year.
Number of
Persons
in Lobster
Canneries
and
Fish-houses.
Number of
Men
in Vessels.
Number of
Men
in Boats.
^ Total
Number of
Fishermen.
Total ""^
Number of
Persons j
in Fishing
Industry.
1895
13,030
9,804
61,530
71,334
84,364
1896
14,175
9,735
65,502
75,237
89,412
1897
15,165
16,548
18,708
8,879
8,657
8,970.
70,080
72,877
70,893
78,959
81,534
79,893
94,124
1898
98,082
1899
98,601
1900
18,205
15,315
13,563
9,205
9,148
9,123
71,859
69,142
68,678
81,064
78,290
77,801
91), 269
1901
93,605
1902
91,364
1903 :...
14,018
9,304
69,830
79,134
93,152
1904
13,981
9,236
68,109
77,345
91,326
1905
14,037
9,366
73,505
82,871
96,908
1906
12,317
8,458
67,646
76,104
88,421
1907
11,442
8,089
63,165
71,254
82,696
1908
13,753
8,550
62,520
71,070
84,823
1909
21,694
7,931
60,732
68,663
90,357
FISHERIES EXPENDITURE AND REVENUE.
The statement of the total expenditure and revenue in connection with the
fisheries of Canada during the fiscal year ended March 31 last, forms Appendix
No. 1 of this report.
The total expenditure amounted to $1,149,577.07 divided amongst the various
services as follows: —
Salaries and disbursements of fishery officers, $173,271.52; fish breeding, $180,-
345.65; fisheries protection service, $295,443.47; miscellaneous expenditure, $345,-
294.58; and $155,221.85, distributed as fishing bounty.
The total amount received as revenue from fishing licenses, fines, &c., during the
same period, in the different provinces, was $85,070.56, which includes the sum of
$10,876.78 paid by United States vessels as modus vivendi fees.
FISHING BOUNTY.
The fishermen of the maritime provinces received the sum of $155,221.85 as bounty
on their respective catches of sea fish for the season 1909-10.
REPORT OF THE DEPUTY MINISTER xlv
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
The number of claims received during the year was 13,001 and the number paid
12,956, being 885 less than in the previous year.
The sum of $57,631.50 was paid to 874 vessels and their crews, a decrease of 51
vessels.
To boats and boat fishermen was paid the sum of $97,590.35, the number of boats
being 12,082, and boat fishermen 20,129, a decrease of 828 and 1,540 respectively.
The amount of bounty expended in each province for 1909-10 was as follows: —
in Nova Scotia, $95,413.60; in New Brunswick, $15,480.15; in Prince Edward Island,
$8,973.85; and in Quebec, $35,354.
Since the inception of the system in 1882 the sum of $4,421,037.52 has been paid
to fishermen, and vessel and boat owners to encourage them in the development of
their industry.
The regulations governing the payment of the bounty, as well as the particulars
respecting its distribution form Appendix No. 2 of this report.
FISH BREEDING.
The annual report on this service by Mr. F. H. Cunningham, Superintendent of
Fish Culture, will be found at Appendix No. 13 of this report.
The total number of fish-breeding establishments in the Dominion is 37, located
as follows : —
Nova Scotia — Three salmon and two lobster hatcheries.
New Brunswick — Three salmon and two lobster hatcheries.
Prince Edward Island — One salmon and two lobster hatcheries.
Quebec — Four salmon and trout, two salmon, and two lobster hatcheries.
Ontario — One whitefish, three salmon-trout, one pickerel hatchery and one bass
pond.
Manitoba — Three whitefish hatcheries.
British Columbia — Eight salmon hatcheries.
The total output of incubated fry of various kinds from these hatcheries during
the season of 1909-10 amounted to over 1,024 million.
OYSTER CULTURE.
An interesting report on this service for 1909-10, by the department's oyster
expert, forms Appendix No. 14 of this report.
THE FISHERIES STAFF.
The outside staff of the fisheries branch of this department numbers 1,200. There
are 20 inspectors of fisheries and 108 overseers with magisterial powers ex-officio.
xlvi MARINE AND FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
besides 680 guardians temporarily employed to assist in the protection of the fisheries,
apart from the 255 men composing the crews of the fleet of fishery cruisers.
The officers in charge of our fish breeding establishments, with their permanent
assistants, aggregate over 100, besides many others who are required in the busy season.
A list of the various permanent outside officers and overseers forms Appendix
No. 15 of this report.
THE FISHEKIES PEOTECTION SERVICE.
For the protection of our fisheries on the Atlantic and Pacific coasts, and in the
inland waters, thirteen vessels were employed, carrying an aggregate of 255 men.
There were 93 modus vivendi licenses issued to United States vessels during
1909-10, the revenue from which amounted to $10,876.78 being an increase of 12
vessels and $1,082.08.
Altogether 254 United States vessels made use of Canadian ports on the Atlantic
coast, making in the aggregate 1,401 entries.
On the Pacific coast, the aggregate number of entries made by United States
vessels into Canadian ports was 73 in the course of the year.
A detailed report on this service, along with detailed statements of the number
of United States vessel entries, &c., by Rear-Admiral Kingsmill, Officer Commanding
the Marine Service of Canada, forms Appendix No. 16 of this report.
PROSECUTIONS FOR VIOLATION OF THE FISHERIES ACT.
A return showing the number of prosecutions for violation of the Fisheries Act.
the nature of the offences, and the amount of penalties imposed and collected through-
out the various provinces of the Dominion, during the fiscal year 1909-10, forms
Appendix No. 17 of this report. There is an increase of 98 in the number of cases
prosecuted.
NATURAL HISTORY.
The annual report by Mr. Andrew Halkett, the Department's naturalisit, forms
Appendix No. 18 of this report.
In it are embraced a report on biological researches carried on at the Baker
Lobster Pound, Fourchu, Cape Breton, respecting the natural history of the lobster;
remarks on the fishery exhibit at the New Westminster exhibition; supplementary
observations on certain lakes in the province of Alberta; remarks on a ' Check-list of
the fishes of Canada and Newfoundland ' ; and a report on the Fisheries Museum at
Ottawa.
PHOTOGRAPHS.
At the end of this report there are appended photographs of the dogfish reduc-
tion works at Canso and Clark's harbour, and of scenes connected with the salmon
and halibut fisheries of British Columbia.
REPORT OF THE DEPUTY MINISTER xlvii
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
CONCLUSION.
Generally speaking, the fisheries of the Dominion were prosecuted throughout the
year 1909-10 in the usual energetic manner, and while it is gratifying to be able to
report that the efforts of our fishermen have resulted in a decided increase in the
total value of fish landed, it is to be regretted that the increase was confined largely
to one part of our coasts.
I have the honour to be, sir.
Your obedient servant,
G. J. DESBARATS,
Deputy Minister of Marine and Fisheries.
1 GEORGE V. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22 A. 1911
SPECIAL APPENDED REPORTS
THE OYSTER FISHERY OF THE CANADIAN
ATLANTIC COAST
BY
WILLIAM A. FOUND
Of the Department of Marine and Fisheries.
II
THE NON-PROGRESSION OF THE ATLANTIC
FISHERIES OF CANADA
joiix ,r. ( owiE
Of the Department of Marine and Fisheries.
22 — D
1 GEORGE V. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22 A. 1911
SPECIAL APPENDED REPORT— I.
THE OYSTER FISHERY ON THE CANADIAN ATLANTIC COAST.
BY W^r, A. FOUND^ DEPARTMENT OF MARINE AND FISHERIES.
The writer is in no sense of the term a scientist, and the subject is therefore
approached and dealt with from an entirely practical standpoint, in the hope that prac-
tical minds may be turned to the possibilities of an abundant harvest, readily convert-
ible into currency, that may be gathered from beneath the limpid waters of the many
bays and other costal areas around our Atlantic sea-board.
In British Columbia a different species of oyster from that on the Atlantic coast
nourishes, but already private culture has taken a firm foothold there, and is being
carried on quite successfully, and doubtless in the course of a few years that province
will be a large factor in supplying the markets. Hence, in the present article, attention
is entirely devoted to the Atlantic sea-board, where the natural beds have practically
altogether been relied on to keep up the supply; but which, owing to comparative
exhaustion, do not longer produce in any great quantities.
What the Canadian oyster fishery is, and what it might have been under different
conditions, form a subject for serious, and from many points of view, painful reflec-
tion ; but the possibilities for the future are so magnificent, if proper lines of procedure
are adopted and followed, that the subject is one which calls for the closest and most
thoughtful attention.
While the table of statistics attached to this report, shows a serious falling off in
the yield of the fishery, particularly in more recent years, a study of the fishery itself
indicates a still more serious condition of things, and the wonder is that the beds have
remained productive so long.
In the earlier days only the best known and most productive beds were resorted
to, and as the demand increased, not only did more men resort to the fishery, but greater
and greater efforts were made to obtain large catches, so that year after year the beds
were raked and re-raked, other and less important beds were resorted to, which being
smaller were the sooner denuded, until now the whole oyster-producing areas of the
maritime provinces are in a seriously depleted condition.
To obtain an understanding of the conditions under which the fishermen operated,
the regulations which were adopted for its control, may, with advantage, first be con-
sidered, from which it will be observed that in later years, they have rapidly become
more and more restrictive; but notwithstanding, the fishery continues to decline.
REGUI-ATIONS.
Even before Confederation the industry had assunled such proportions as to call
for regulation.
In the reign of William FV. an Act was passed by the government of the then
colony of Prince Edward Island to prevent the practice of burning live oysters for use
as lime, and by another Act, oyster fishing was limited to the residents of the colony. In
1865 regulations were made for leasing by auction certain localities, and persons own-
ing creek lands were encouraged to apply for a grant of their water frontages for oyster
culture.
22— Dt
lii MARINE AND FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 19t1
On .September 18, 18C5, an Act was passed amending the Consolidated Statutes of
Canada so as to enable the spending by the Commissioner of Crown Lands, in the
formation, of oyster beds and the restocking of exhausted fisheries, of a sum not exceed-
ing $1,000 per year.
This provision was continued and amplified following confederation by ' An Act
for the Eegulation of Fishing and protection of Fisheries,' assented to May 22, 1868,
subsections 5 and 6 of section 15 of which read as follows : —
* 5. The minister may authorize to be expended annually any sum appropriated
by parliament for the formation of oyster beds in various waters, and places found
adapted for that purpose, and transplanting oysters, and towards restocking
exhausted fisheries by natural or artificial means. * * * *
' 6. With a view to protect the oyster beds in different parts of the bays and
coasts of the Dominion, it shall not be lawful for any person to take oysters, or
in any way to injure or disturb such oyster beds, excepting during times and on
terms permitted by regulation or regulations under this Act, under a penalty of
not more than one hundred dollars nor less than forty dollars, together with the
forfeiture of the vessel and all the apparatus employed therein, and in default of
payment, the party convicted shall bo imprisoned for not less than one month, nor
more than two months.'
and on May 28, 1868, an order in council was approved, under the authority of the Fish-
eries Act, providing a close season for oyster fishing, from June 1, to September 1 in
each year.
No further change was made in the law until August 8, 1885, when an order in
council was approved, amending the one above cited, so as to extend the close season
for oyster fishing to September 15th in each year.
This amended close season was continued in the Consolidated Fishery Regulations
of July 18, 1889.
On September 1, 1891, an order in council was approved, setting apart a certain
area in Shediac harbour, New Brunswick, for the purpose of natural and artificial
oyster culture.
On February 9, 1892, an order in council was adopted prohibiting oyster fishing
through the ico.
On December 16, 1892, the order in council of September 1 of that year was
amended so as to increase the area set apart in Shediac harbour, and on December 28,
1893, the first extended code of regulations was adopted which were as follows —
* 1. No person shall fish for, or catch, oysters without a lease or license from
the Minister of Marine and Fisheries.
' 2. The owner, person or persons interested in a fishing boat employed in the
oyster fishery shall cause a memorandum in writing, setting forth the name of the
owner, person or persons interested, to be filed with the local fishery officer, who,
if no valid objection exists, may, under instructions from the Minister of Marine
and Fisheries, issue a fishery license for the same, and any boat or fishing appar-
atus used without such license, shall be deemed to be illegal and liable to forfeiture,
together with the oysters caught therein, and the owner or person using the same
shall be subject to the penalties prescribed by the Fisheries Act.
* 3. All boats fishing for oysters shall have a registration number correspond-
ing with that of the license legibly marked or painted on the bow of the boat, in
white cojoured letters on a black ground, and the initial letter of the port to which
such boat belongs, such letters to be at least eight inches in length.
' 4. Oysters shall not be fished for, caught, killed, bought, sold or had in posses-
sion between June 1 and September 15, in each year, both days inclusive.
* 5. Fishing for oysters, or any other shell fish through the ice is prohibited.
SPECIAL APPENDED REPORTS liii
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
' 0. No person shall fish for, catch, kill, buy, sell or have in possession any
round tf..oter3 of a less size than two inches in diameter of shell, nor any long
oysters measuring less than three inches of outer shell.
* Round oysters of a less size than two inches in diameter, and long oysters
measuring less than three inches on the outer shell that may be accidentally
caught, shall be returned to the water alive, at the cost and risk of the person so
fishing, on whom, in every case, shall devolve the proof of actual liberation.
' Provided always, that persons holding fishery licenses may obtain from the
Minister of Marine and Fisheries, permission to fish for and catch small oysters
for the purpose of planting or stocking oyster beds.
' 7. Fishing for oysters is prohibited on Sunday, and from sunset to sunrise
on any other day of the week.
* 8. No person shall dig mussel mud within two hundred yards from any live
oyster bed, and then only at such place or places as may be prescribed in writing
by a fishery officer.
* 9. The use of rakes for the purpose of taking oysters on any beds prepared
or planted by the Department of Marine and Fisheries, is prohibited.'
On February 7, 1894, an area in Tracadie Harbour, Antigonish county, Xova
Scotia, was set apart for the natural and artificial propagation of oysters.
On September 10, 1896, the use of diags or dredges on the public beds of Prince
Edward Island, was prohibited for that season.
This regulation was repeated for the season of 1898 by order in council of June 20
of that year and again in the seasons of 1900 and 1901 by orders in council of March
27, 1900, and May 11, 1901.
On September 13, 1901, an order in council was adopted extending the close sea-
son to the 22nd September, and on the 21st May, 1905, it was still further extended so
as to prohibit fishing from ^fay 21 to September 22, both days inclusive, it being pro-
vided that the change would be effective in Richmond Bay, Prince Edward Island, only,
in 1904, and elsewhere in 1905, and the size limit for oysters was increased to three
inches, for round oysters and 3i inches for long oysters. It was, however, provided
that the minister might give permission to take small oysters for stocking purposes.
About the year 1900, the quahaug or hard-shell clam fishery, which previously had
been carried on in a small and desultory way, sprang into prominence, following the
opening therefor of large and remunerative markets in the United States, and in the
course of a few years, it by far outstripped the oyster fishery both in volume and value.
As a natural consequence, the fishermen in many localities concentrated their energy
on the quahaug fishery, and desired to be allowed to take quahaugs wherever they could
be found, regardless of the effect upon the oyster fishery, as it was entirely of secondary
value.
Oysters lie on the top of the beds and require a smooth, firm surface. Quahaugs.
on the other hand, burrow in the mud, and are found broadcast, in the tidal rivers,
bays, harbours, &c., around the coasts. They find a home in the mud even on the
edges of the oyster beds, and frequently they are located in large numbers on soft spots
scattered over the beds themselves.
Quahaugs are taken with rakes, having long iron teeth. The rakes are driven
into the mud and are lifted to the boat's edge loaded with mud, and any quahaugs that
may be found therein are removed and the mud thrown back into the water.
The use of such rakes on the oyster beds themselves will be readilj' appreciated.
The crust woxdd be broken through, and the whole surface roughened. ^Moreover, the
mud and silt that would be carried away by the tides and currents when the rakes were
being lifted, or when it was thrown back therefrom into the water, would be carried
over all the area round about, and finally deposited on the surface of the beds, not only
smothering the oysters thereon, but mining the possibility of a favourable 'set' of
liv MARINE AND FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
spat, as such will onlj^ adhere to hard, clean surfaces. This latter detrimental effect
would be also experioneod when quahang fishing was being carried on anywhere in the
near vicinity of oyster beds.
Hence, a new but grave enemy to the permanence of the natural oyster beds arose,
in the instance of a somewhat kindred fishery, of considerably greater value, necessi-
tating its control, and from the point of view of the protection of the fishery itself, its
needless curtailment, if the oyster fishery was to be maintained.
This, it may be added, by way of parenthesis, is one of the perplexing conditions
that so frequently arise in the protection of the fisheries generally.
An order in council was accordingly approved, on the 22nd October, 1901, provid-
ing that fishing for quahaugs in the bays, harbours and other waters of Canada, where
joysters were taken, should be restricted to areas marked out by the local fishery officer.
On I^ovember 14, 1901, to prevent further destruction of the beds in the locality
by mud diggers, a regulation was adopted prohibiting mud-digging in a certain portion
of Trout river. Prince county. Prince Edward Island; also in a portion of Bideford
river in the same county.
As, however, the oyster fishery was still going down,, on April 15, 1907, a regula-
tion was adopted, extending the close season from May 21 to September 22, both days
inclusive, to from April 1 to September 30, both days inclusive.
As the fishing of oysters through the ice had already been prohibited, the effect of
this regulation was to curtail fishing to what might be carried on between October 1
and the time the ice makes in the fall, which taking into consideration the tempestuous
weather usually prevailing at that season of the year, limited fishing to about a month
or six weeks in the year.
The same regulation, with a view to further safeguarding the beds and fishery,
prohibited the use of any implements on oyster beds, other than the ordinary oyster
tongs and rakes.
These regulations, with the various amendments, were embodied in the Consoli-
dated General Fishery Kegulations, adopted by order in council of September 12, 1907,
and have not since been changed in any way. They are as follows : —
' 1. No person shall fish for or catch oysters without a lease or license from
the Minister of Marine and Fisheries.
2. The owner, person or persons interested in a fishing boat employed in the
oyster fishery shall cause a memorandum in writing, setting forth the name of the
owner, person or persons interested, to be filed with the local fishery officer, who, if
no valid objection exists, may, under instructions from the Minister of Marine
and Fisheries, isuse a fishery license for the same, and any boat or fishing appar-
atus used withoixt such license, shall be deemed to be illegal and liable to forfeiture,
together with oysters caught therein, and the owner or person using the same
shall be subject to the penalties prescribed by the Fisheries Act.
* 3. All boats fishing for oysters shall have a registration number corresponding
with that of the license legibly marked or painted on the bow of the boat, in white
coloured letters on a black ground, and the initial letter of the port to which such
boat belongs, such letters to be at least eight inches in length.
' 4. Oysters shall not be fished for, caught, killed, bought, sold, or had in posses-
sion from April 1 to September 30, both days inclusive, in each year.
' 5. Fishing for oysters or any other shell fish througli the ice is prohibited.
' 6. No person shall fish for, catch, kill or buy, sell or have in possession any
round oysters of a less size than three inches in diameter of shell, nor any long
oysters measuring less than three and a half inches of outer shell.
Bound oysters of a less size than three inches in diameter, and long oysters
measuring less than throe and a half inches on the outer shell, and that may be
accidentally caught, shall be returned to the water alive, at the cost and risk of the
SPECIAL APPENDED REPORTS Iv
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
person so fishing, on whom, in every case, shall devolve the proof of actual libera-
tion.
' Provided always that persons holding fishery lisenses, may obtain from the
Minister of ^[arino and Fisheries, permission to fish for and catch small oysters
for the purpose of planting or stocking oyster beds.
' 7. Fishing for oysters is prohibited on Sunday, and from sunset to sunrise on
any other day of the week.
' 8. (o) No person shall dig mussel mud within 200 yards from any live oyster
bed, and then only at such place or places as may be prescribed in writing by a
fishery officer.
* (&) No person shall dig mussel mud in Trout river, Prince county. Prince
Edward Island, excepting above a line drawn from Peter Miller's Middle point to
a point of land at the end of Yeo's portage road.
* (c) No person shall dig mussel mud in Bideford river, Prince county. Prince
Edward Island, excepting above a line drawn from Bideford shipyard to Colin Mc-
Kay's point, including Pawes creek.
' 9. The use of rakes for the purpose of taking oysters on any beds prepared
or planted by the Department of Marine and Fisheries, is prohibited.
' 10. The use, for taking oysters on oyster beds, of quahaug rakes, tongs oper-
ated by purchase power, or tongs or rakes other than the ordinary ones now in
use in oyster-fishing in the provinces of Prince Edward Island and New Bruns-
wick, is prohibited.
' 11. All the waters of the York or North river. Queen's county, Prince Edward
Island, included between the bridge from Poplar island to the west shore on the
said river and a due east and west line drawn from the mouth of Forkey creek to
the opposite shore, are hereby set apart for the natural and artificial propagation
of oysters.
' 12. All the waters of Big Tracadie harbour lying east of a line drawn due
north and south (true) across the narrowest part of the entrance of the "Wo-?t Arm,
situated at Tracadie, in the county of Antigonish, in the province of Nova Scotia,
are hereby set apart for the natural and artificial propagation of oyster?.
' 13. All the waters of Shcdiac harbour, extending from a line drawn scuth. 67°
west (due west magnetic) from Mr. Petitpas' house on Shediac island, to Mr.
Wilbur's tannery, on the north side of "Wilbur's cove, southwardly to a line drawn
from the south extremity of Snake point, 50° 7' 30" west (west by south A south
magnetic) to the corner of Moncton road, the points where the boundary lines
above described cut the high water on shore being marked in each case by a square
cedar post, inscribed O. P., and the whole including below low water mark an area
of 980 acres, be the same more or le«!??.
' And all the waters of Shediac harbour extending from a straight line drawn
south 60° 19' east, between the station established on the sotith shore of Shediac
island, at its mouth, being the point of Shediac island (this being the north limit
of the said reserve) and the north boundary of the reserves set apart by the next
preceding paragraph, the whole containing an area of 482 acres, more or 1; s^.'
THE OYSTEE AND TTTF DTSTRTBUTION OF OYSTER BEDS.
As to the excellence of the quality of the Canadian oyster, there is no qn( -ition.
Not only has it received the highest awards at the different exhibitions at which exhi-
bits have been made, but the price received therefor is extremely high, the Malpeque
oyster — the fame of which is broadcast throughout the length and breadth of the coun-
try— which grows on the natural beds in Richmond bay, on the north shore of Prince
Edward Island, usually bringing the fishermen from $6 to $7 per barrel, of two and
Ivi MARINE AND FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
one-half bushels, whereas a barrel of the same size, in the state of Virginia say, would
not bring the producer more than about $1.40 as a general thing, and yet the fishermen
on the Virginia beds would make more in a day, or in a season, than an operator on
the famous JMalpeque beds, owing altogether to the differences in the quantities taken.
The question immediately arises as to the reason for this tremendous difference
in productiveness, and the answer is not far to seek: In Canada the natural beds are
practically altogether relied on. In Virginia artificial oyster culture is the great
feature in production.
The present conditions in Canada ought not to exist, and shovild not be allowed to
continue. That artificial oyster culture could be carried on along practically the whole
coasts of the maritime provinces is amply demonstrated by the fact that natural beds
exist, or have existed at intervals. In New Brunswick, natural beds have been found
between the Caraquet Banks, at Caraquet, St. Simon, Shippigan harbour, and Gully
Tabusintac, Burnt Church, Bay du Vin, and many other places, in Miramichi -bay ;
Kouchibouguac, Eichibucto, Buctouche, Cocagne, Shediac and Bay Verte. In Nova
Scotia oyster beds have been found at Eiver Philip, Pugwash, Tatamagouche, River
John, Pictou, Tracadie, Mabou, Margaree, Sydney and nearly everywhere in the Bras
d'Or lakes, Albert bridge, Country harbour, St. Mary's river, Liscomb harbour and
Jeddore head, and practically the whole coast line of Prince Edward Island is dotted
with oyster beds.
At the present time there are possibly 5,000 acres of producing natural beds in New
Brunswick, 4,300 acres in Prince Edward Island, and 1,250 acres in Nova Scotia, or in
all 10,550 acres. The area that might be made oyster-producing, with the expenditure
of some capital, and considerable industry and energy is, broadly speaking, limitless,
as the conditions as previously stated, appear favourable for oyster culture, on practi-
cally the whole coast.
Even as long ago as 1889, Canada imported 1,698 barrels of oysters in the shell,
234,502 gallons in bulk, and 198,543 pounds in tins, and it was then claimed that only
one-third of the oysters consumed in Canada were produced there.
During the fiscal year, which ended on March 31, 1910, there were imported into
Canada from the United States, 4,150 barrels in the shell, 226,128 gallons in bulk, 454,-
850 cans of one pint and under, 17,258 cans containing over one pint, but not more than
one quart, and 37,703 lbs. otherwise prepared, or preserved, the total value of which is
placed at $308,412.
There is no valid reason why, under proper conditions, the supply of Canadian
oysters should not only be great enough to fully supply our own markets, but to enable
an export trade to be curried on as well.
HISTORY.
It seems most probable that many oyster beds ceased to be productive long before
the Cabots first sighted the shores of this continent, as beds have been cut through
which were thirty feet in thickness, made up of mud and decomposed shells throughout.
In the natural process of reproduction and decay, the unfished oyster beds would year
after year rise nearer the surface of the water, until finally they would come within
reach of the winter ice, the weight of the heavy masses of which moving over the beds,
would soon kill off the oysters. In fact beds have frequently risen so high as to be
exposed at every low tide.
The equipment required to carry on oyster fishing is cheap, a small boat and a
pair of tongs or a rake being all that is really necessary. In fact in the earlier days,
the boats used were estimated to cost ten dollars, and the tongs or rake one dollar, so
that for the small sum of eleven dollars a person desirous of engaging in the fishery
could fit himself out. Of course barrels were also needed; but empty flour barrels
could be had from the grocers for twelve and one-half cents each.
SPECIAL AI'l'ESDED RErOHTS Ivii
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
Under such conditions practically any one who had the opportunity and inclina-
tion, could arrange to engage in the oyster fishery. No restrictions were considered
necessary in the early days, and that even live oysters were largely used for other than
food purposes is evidenced by the fact that during the reign of William IV., an Act
was passed by the then colony of Prince Edward Island prohibiting the burning of
live lobsters for lime.
It will thus be seen that the oyster fishery was quite largely carried on from early
times, and that even before confederation the fishery was overworked is clear from the
fact that the earliest reports of this department indicate an over-exploited fishery, and
as a consequence, seriously depleted beds.
In his annual reports, in the early days of the Dominion, the inspector of fisheries
for the provinces of New Brunswick and Nova Scotia, Mr. W. H. Venning, who was
one of the ablest officers ever on the staff of the department, referred to the denuded
condition of the hitherto most productive beds, and urged the advisability of further
Ijrotecting the existing beds and planting new ones in favourable localities, and parti-
cularly the leasing of areas to private individuals. In his report for 1873 he stated that
'the simplest, wisest and most effective means of increasing the production of oysters
in New Brunswick and Nova Scotia, is to lease all localities favourable to their growth,
(whether old beds exist there or not) on such terms as will induce practical men to
invest capital in their cultivation. This is the means adopted in other coimtries, and
no other will, in my opinion, ever succeed.'
The pity is that this advice was not largely acted upon at that time, as interven-
ing experience has the more clearly shown that even the most highly protective regu-
lations, adequately enforced, will not, unaided, provide against a failure of the fishery
on natural beds.
The reasons for this are obvious. In the first place, the natural beds are compara-
tively small in area, and it is quite impossible to control the number of persons engag-
ing in the fishery, as the beds are public property. Then, again, the fishery is of a
character, and is carried on at a season that makes it readily possible for others than
ordinary fishermen to engage in it, and with an increasing demand for oysters, at
attractive prices, the incentive for taking this means of adding to the ordinary source
of income, is not light. As the supply of oysters begin to fail, greater efforts are made
to keep up at least the usual catch, and the whole oyster-producing area is so raked
and re-raked that it is scraped bare of a sufficient quantity of mature oysters to suffi-
ciontly seed the beds.
While the statistics appended to this report appear to indicate a comparatively
steady fishery until recent years, it must not be concluded that the supply was kept up
from the same beds. The fact is that as the larger and better beds became exhausted,
those which at first were not considered worth exploiting were resorted to, and being
Bmaller and not so productive, the sooner gave out. Also minor patches of beds were
from year to year being found in the vicinity of the larger ones, which, owing to their
insignificant size, had not previously been located, and being well stocked, aided in
keeping up the supply; but as all such have now been located and worked, there is
small reason to hope that the future can do otherwise than show a continual decrease
in the present small yield, unless new methods are adopted.
The extraordinary productiveness particularly of some of the larger beds, not-
withstanding excessive fishing from year to year, calls for more than passing notice,
as it indicates what could be done, in such localities at least, by means of private cul-
ture.
Lot us take, for instance, Kichmond or Malpeque bay. Prince Edward Island,
which has probably 3.000 acres of oyster beds. As long ago as the season of 1883, boats
to the number of 150 operated there, with two men to a boat, and the average catches
then made were six barrels ]ior l>o,it por (Imv. m- tlni'i^ Imrrels per man.
Iviii MARINE AND FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
This heavy fishing had been going on for years before, and with increasing energy
since, and yet the bay, though seriously depleted, yielding pecks new where barrels
were taken then, is still productive.
While the existing regulations limit oyster fishing to practically a month or six
weeks, between the 1st October and the time the ice makes in the fall — the weather
usually being too stormy in November to permit of oyster fishing operations — and pro-
vide a size limit below which oysters may not be taken, in the earlier days it will be
remembered that the only restriction on the fishermen was a close season from the 1st
June to the 15th September, there being no stipulation as to size, or fishing through
the ice.
The result was that the fishermen, with little thought for the future, did not take
time to cull their catches when on the beds; but took everything to shore, where
culling took place, and the smaller oysters were then thrown away and wasted, instead
of being replaced on the beds, and left there to help keep up the future supply.
Great harm was also done the fishery by fishing through the ice. In this fishery
a rake with curved iron teeth, and a handle about forty feet long was used. It was
inserted through a hole cut in the ice, and the area round about, as far as the rake
would reach, was covered, thus not only breaking up the surface of the oystQ^r bed, but
bringing a pile of mud, shells, &c., immediately under the hole, and all small oysters
taken were left on the ice to freeze and perish.
In fact it was estimated by a commission, which in 1887 investigated the condi-
tions and requirements of the fishery, that from 20,000 to 30,000 barrels of undersized
oysters were being annually destroyed without benefit to any one, by being taken ashore
and thrown away during the spring and autumn fishery, and left on the ice to perish
during the winter fishery.
MITD-DIGGING.
A practice exisis in the Maritime Provinces, which, so far as the writer can ascer-
tain, is unknown in any other portion of the globe, viz., mud-digging.
The oyster beds, which have been built up through the process of ages, consist
largely of decomposed oyster shells, and marine deposits, and contain a very large
percentage of lime.
The soil, of at least Prince Edward Island, is a light sandy loam, from disinteg-
rated red sandstone, and so deficient in lime, it has been stated as to effervesce with
acids, making the use of lime proper, or substances containing it, an absolute necessity.
Ilence the digging up of the oyster beds, as a means of economically finding the
required lime, suggested itself, as the work could be carried on most readily in the
winter time, through the ice, when the farmer has time to spare, and when the hauling
is good.
The mud is usually called ' mussel-mud,' and it is possible that this misnomer saved
it for a long time from attracting that attention which ultimately resulted in its
regulation.
Machines called * mud-diggers ' were built for raising the mud, consisting of a
strong wooden frame-work, about eight feet high, and ten or twelve feet wide, and
from 25 to 30 feet long. At one end is a capstan, around which a string chain is wound,
which is carried through a block at the other end, and attached to what is known as a
' scoop,' consisting of long, sharp iron teeth, somewhat in the shape of a large spoon,
which is fastened to a long wooden handle, the length of which depends on the depth
of water in which mud digging is to be carried on. The scoop is on a hinge, and can
be ' tripped ' from the opposite end of the handle by the men operating it, so as to read-
ily empty the contents into the sleighs. To the capstan a long arm is attached, to the
SPECIAL APPENDED REPORTS lix
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
outer end of which a horse, or, it" required, a team of horses is hitched, thus providing
the power for raising the scooj) full of mud. the chain being wound round the capstan
as the horse or horses turn it
As those seeking the so-called ' mussel-mud ' wished to obtain it as readily and
easily as possible, the largest beds were chosen, without any regard as to whether or not
it was a producing oyster bed, and at the beginning, a large hole, through which to
operate the scoop was cut, at the edge of the bed, and when all the mud that could be
taken just there was obtained, the 'digger ' was moved on ten feet or so, and the hole
enlarged to that extent, and so on until the whole bed was cut through.
The amount of mud that has been taken in this way is enormous. As long ago as
1880, it was estimated that at least 200.000 loads were taken from around the coast of
Prince Edward Island, and this amount was there largely increased by those living
inland in later years, having it shipped to them by the railway.
In this way, it is not too much to say that thousands of acres of producing beds
have been destroyed, not only by being cut to pieces, but the silt carried away by the
water when the mud was being raised, depositing upon the live oysters on adjacent
areas, would smother them, and so cause their death.
This, of course, is not an entirely one-sided question, as it has been strongly urged
that the yearly increased yields of tho farms on account of the use of the mud was
much in excess of the value of the annual output of the oyster fishery; but on this
point even the farmers are not agreed amongst themselves. There can be no doubt
that the first applications of the lime fertilizer was answered by a vast increase in the
acreage yield ; but it is evident that in many instances the truth of the old adage : —
* The use of lime without manure, will make the farm and farmer poor,' has
been experienced, following continual applications of the stimulating material.
As will be observed from the portion of this article under the heading 'Regula-
tions,' besides mud-digging now being altogether prohibited in certain places, no one is
allowed to engage in it within 200 yards of a live oyster bed, and then only on such
areas as may be described in writing by a fishery officer; but it is a pitj^ that the
matter was not so dealt with at a much earlier date, as there are considerable areas scat-
tered about on which mud-digging could be carried on, without any grave danger to the
future of the oyster industry.
A highly interesting course is pursued by the farmers in obtaining this mud in at
least one instance in the knowledge of the vvriter, viz. : in the Southwest river, at the
district of Clinton, Prince Edward Island.
A large oyster bed formed there through the process of the ages, and grew so high
that nearly its whole surface was exposed at every low tide, so that oyster life was
practicnlly destroyed on it; but the farmers were unable to avail themselves of it, as
owing to the water receding from its surface each tide, the ice could not form on it.
As, however, the water was deep all around it, ice made up to its edges, and the
idea was conceived of the farmers working together, and cutting loose a large area of
ice of possibly a couple of acres in extent, and at high water, floating it on to the bed,
and securely anchoring it to the field ice on the other side.
This wns done most successfully, and the mud-diggers hauled on to this ice cake,
making it an easy matter to obtain the mud. The practice was followed year after
year, and in this way many thousands of tons of the best mud procured, and without
injury to the oyster fishery, as the bed hail years before ceased to be productive.
Ix MARINE AXD FISHERIES
1 GEORGE- v., A. 1911
INVESTIGATIONS INTO CONDITIONS AND EEQUIREMENTS OF THE
FISHERY.
As long ago as 1886, the inspector of fisheries for New Brunswick, previously-
referred to, pointed out that the only beds in that province which repaid the labour of
raking, were those in Gloucester and Northumberland counties, the valuable beds at
Shediac, Shemogue, Cocagne, Buctouche and Richibucto having all been depleted, and
as a consequence an abnormal number of fishermen were resorting to the beds that
remained productive, so that if something were not done, the fishery would soon be
a thing of the past.
Reports of similar conditions were being submitted by the inspectors for Prince
Edward Island and Nova Scotia, and with a view to obtaining full information, on
which to base remedial regulations, a commission, consisting of Messrs. Edward
ITackett, Alfred Ogden, W. B. Deacon and J. Hunter Duvar, was in 1887, appointed to
investigate and report on the conditions and requirements of the fishery. As the report
of this commission is brief, and contains some valuable information and recominenda-
tons, it is embraced herein, with the exception of some preliminaries of an unimportant
nature, as follows: —
' The commissioners have personally visited the greater number of the oyster
grounds in the four provinces margining the Gulf of St. Lawrence, and have to
express their view that the live oyster beds are of much larger extent than they
anticipated, and, if judiciously supervised, must form a not unimportant item in
the national resources of Canada.
The quality of the oysters on the natural live oyster beds of the lower pro-
vinces varies much, owing to the natvire of the bottom in oyster waters, the depth,
and differing salinity of the water, the shelter, thermal difference, and other natural
features that have a bearing on the case.
Along the greater part of the shore of the Gulf of St. Lawrence, east of Gaspe,
are evidences that oysters once existed in immense quantities, as is shown by
deposits of dead oyster shells, which in places are not less than twenty feet in
depth. In some places (but not in all) these beds could bn replanted or revived.
The decadence (death) of the oyster in these places is explainable by the
encroachment of the sea on the shifting beaches, by the clearing away of forests,
altering the shallow margins of the shores, and from other causes too obstruse for
the commissioners now to go into.
The commissioners haye, however, found that the natural live oyster beds of
the provinces of New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island, and perhaps of Cape
Breton and elsewhere in Nova Scotia, are of large value as a fishing resource, and
that there is much ground available in all the Atlantic maritime provinces for
profitable private culture under a liberal system that would induce private persons
to devote their care to the industry.
The oyster fishery is different from lobster and other fisheries in that it is
prosecuted without expense. A boat worth $10 and an oyster-tongs, costing $1, are
all the material required. So far as the commissioners can learn, there are no
vessels specially built for the oyster trade. Large numbers of schooners move
annually to the oyster beds and fish them with their own crews, but these vessels
are a part of the ordinary coasting marine and cannot be taken into account as
part of the oyster fishing plant. It may be mentioned that for want of a system
of registration of license, no account can be obtained of the quantities taken by
this fleet of one or two hundred sail. It is, however, evident that mtich greater
quantities of oysters are taken than appear in the official returns. And it is not
to much to say that half as many young oysters are destroyed by reckless fishing
SPECIAL APPENDED REPORTS Ixi
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
ii.s appear in the Blue-book. Say a further 20,000 to 30,000 barrels recklessly
destroyed annually without benefit to any one, and to the great detriment of the
beds.
In the absence of any system of registration, the value of plant employed in
thr Canadian oyster fishery is a matter of mere calculation. Perhaps the follow-
ing aproximates as nearly as possible to accuracy : —
Value. Produce last year.
P. E. I.— 650 boats and tongs $10,650 33,125 barrels.
N. B.— 550 boats and tongs 6,150 28,083 "
N. S.— 30 boats and tongs 330 1,397
Total $17,130 62,605 "
An outfit (total first value) of $17,000 would cover the whole oyster fishery, —
giving partial employment during three months to perhaps 1,500 men, who may
be described as only ' occasional fishermen.'
The boats are not used solely for oyster fishing. They are the ordinary all-
work boats that every farmer with a water-frontage possesses.
In addition to the floating plant, about sixty thousand barrels are annually
required, but these are empty flour barrels at 12i cents a piece.
It will thus be seen that the oyster fishery is carried on without capital.
There is no regulation of the fishery whatsoever, excepting a close season from
June 1 to September 15 inclusive; and shore wardens without boats are utterly
powerless to check poaching in the close season.
A series of charts of existing oyster beds and of probable oyster grounds would
necessitate prolonged and expensive actual survey, and should be made under the
care of a general superintendent of oyster culture.
The commissioners having carefully gone over the evidence, beg to make the
following observations and recommendations : —
They would respectfully recommend to Your Honour's consideration that one
general law or regulation should cover the whole of the Canadian Atlantic sea-
board, with the following provisions, namely: —
1. That existing oyster beds be reserved to the public, and that their limits
be ofiicially defined;
2. That mud-digging be prohibited within sixty yards of any ofiicially recog-
nized workable live oyster bed;
And that suitable portions of bays, creeks, estuaries or harbours be considered
closed for oyster fishing, and said closed portions be laid off for the digging of
shell manure;
3. That bays of considerable extent in which are many oyster beds be marked
off in two or more divisions, and that the divisions be fished only in alternate
years ;
4. That for the present, the present close season be retained, namely, from
June 1 to September 15 in each year, both days inclusive;
5. That under a penalty of forfeiture of boat and appurtenances, no fisherman
shall bring ashore (excepting for authorized purposes any * round ' oyster that
does not measure fully two inches in diameter of shell, nor any long (oblong) oyster
that does not measure fully three inches of outer shell, and that possession of sucli
undersized oysters by any person shall be punished by fine;
6. That all winter fishing be prohibited for oysters (Commissioner Ogden dis-
sentin_g) ;
7. Temporary or porninnent proclamation in close localities whore the supply
is so nearly exhausted as to warrant closure.
Ixii MARINE AND Fli^HERJES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
8. That under section 21, subsection 4 of the Fisheries Act a liberal induce-
ment be offered under a system of leases to persons who will undertake under
stringent regulations to grow oysters on private beds. That is to say — that a lease
be given (\uidcr bonds), for not more than nine years (renewable) at a nominal
rent for the first three years, conditional on a sufficiency of brood oysters being
planted on the area within one year after date of the issue of lease. The govern-
ment to have a lien on such planted beds;
9. Easy and inexpensive arrangements, by which persons owning water-front-
age may lease their own foreshores for oyster culture from the government;
10. That parliament be invited to appropriate a sum or sums for the forma-
tion of oyster beds in various waters and places found adapted for that purpose,
and for tansplanting oysters, and re-stocking exhausted fisheries by natural or
artificial means— in accordance with section 21, subsection 5 of the Fisheries Act.
11. The appointment of a responsible officer of fisheries, capable of the posi-
tion, and to rank with the Superintendent of Pisciculture, as General Superinten-
dent of Oyster Fisheries, and to have general superintendnece of all public and
private oyster culture;
12. A system of registration of oyster boats, xyith other details to be arranged
by the department.
With reference to clause 12, Mr. Commissioner Ogden moved the insertion of
the word ' free ' system of registration, &c.
Mr. Commissioner Deacon moved, seconded by Commissioner Duvar that the
annual registration fee for oyster-fishing boats be one dollar. — Carried. Mr. Ogden
dissenting.
All of which above written report is respectfully submitted.
Dated at Shediac, province of New Brunswick, the fifth day of November,
A.D., 1887'.
While no immediate amendment of the laws or regulations followed this report,
the matter continued to much engage the department's attention, and in 1891, it
formed a subject for serious consideration at a conference of the inspectors of fisheries,
which was that year held in Ottawa, when the following conclusions were reached: —
' 1. That no fee be charged for licenses.
' 2. No one shall fish for, catch, or have in possession, any oysters the product
of the Dominion of Canada, between May 1 and September 30 in each year, both
days inclusive, and that in all partially depleted beds no fishing in the winter
season through the ice be allowed; the several inspectors to furnish the depart-
ment with a list of such beds, and the department to make the necessarj' regula-
tions for such prohibition.
* 3. No one shall fish for, catch, or possess any " round " oysters under 2 inches
in diameter of shell, nor " long " oysters imder 3 inches of outer shell. All oysters
taken under these dimensions to be immediately restored to the water, under
penalty of fine and forfeiture of all materials, implements or appliances used,
and the cancellation of the license.
' 4. That all productive oyster beds now in existence in the waters of Canada
be divided with as little delay as possible into throe sections, which sections shall
only be fished alternately, one section in each year, under the control of the local
fishery officers, upon some general plan prepared by the departmnt.
' 5. The committee recommend that the department take the necessary mea-
sures to restock as many of the exhausted beds as possible, and that leases or
licenses for a term of years be granted to parties willing to cultivate oysters, where
no productive beds now exist, upon such conditions as the department may deem
best.
SPECIAL APPENDED REPORTS Ixiii
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
' 6. Also, that mud digging be prohibited within 200 yards of any live oyster
bed; then only at such place, or places, as may be prescribed by a fishery officer.
This was followed by the prohibiting of taking oysters through the ice.
With a view to having authoritative viev.'s as to the best course to pursue, it was
decided in 1892, to have an expert, or experts, in the culture of oysters come to Can-
ada, and louk into conditions at first hand, and after considerable correspondence, it
was arranged that Messrs, Ernest and Frederick Kemp, who had much experience in
connection with the operations of the noted Whitstable Oyster Company, the largest,
most important and most influential corporation of its kind in Qreat Britain, to come
to Canada, and they reached this country on Juno 5 of* that year, and at once pro-
»';eeded to Shediac harbour, and began an examination of the conditions existing
there. After careful examination of the whole bay, they reported it to be a suitable
place for oyster culture, and on their recommendation it was decided to set apart a
large portion of the bay for the natural and artificial propagation of oysters.
The experts went from Shediac to the other portions of the coast where oyster
beds were found, and from that province to Prince Edward Island, and on all hands
found that though the beds were frequently badly cut to pieces by mud-digging, con-
ditions were of a character to provide against ' the Canadian oyster beds becoming de-
pleted, if the laws of nature were observed, and their recommendations carried out.'
Kichmond bay they found to be * nothing short of a gold mine.' Its resources
titey considered enormous, and though the beds covered a large area, and were well
otocked with oysters and brood, in not a single instance did they find a marine enemy
to the oyster.
On the completion of their work in the fall of 1892, Mr. Frederick Kemp was
allowed to return home, and Mr. Ernest Kemp was engaged for a further period of
three years, following which he was appointed permanently as an oyster expert, and
has since been employed off the coast of the maritime provinces, in preparing and
fifterwards restocking depleted areas, and generally in improving the natural beds.
He has done much for the fishery; but notwithstanding it has been continually going
down, and that it must continue to do so, more rapidly than ever, under present con-
ditions, is unfortunately all that can be expected.
PRESENT CONDITIONS.
While the productive and reproductive capabilities of the natural beds have been
shown to be nothing short of phenomenal, it is clear from the foregoing that they have
now been so seriously depleted as to render it practically impossible for a sufficient
seeding of the beds to keep up the supply, and when this point is reached, the practical
depletion of the beds is imminent. In fact, so small are the catches now made, that it
is only the extraordinarily high prices obtainable for the oysters, that makes the pro-
secution of the fishery worth while.
From the regulations it will be observed that the fishing season has from time to
time been shortened, mitil now it is in practice, only about six weeks each year: that
areas have been set apart from fishing operations for different periods; and that only
the least capable Hshing engine — the ordinary tnugs and oystiM* rakes — are allowed.
'No permanent benefit can result from the setting apart for a brief period of years,
any particular area, as even if it becomes well restocked, the fishermen from all about
resort to it when it is reopened, so that in a season or two it will be so thoroughly
scraped as to be, if anything, in a worse condition than before.
In the warmer waters, off the coast of the United States, oysters reach maturity
in three years, after whieli they begin to deteriorate and dii>; but it may be that
growth is slightly slower in our colder waters.
Ixiv MARINE AND FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
It has frequently been suggested that as a means of saving the natural beds, they
should be divided into sections and each section fished in alternate years, so that if the
different producing areas were divided each into three sections, one would be fished
each year, and each one would therefore have alternately two years rest; but apart
from the question of the feasibility of this course, it would appear of rather doubtful
expediency.
In the first, place it would be extremely difficult to satisfactorily lay off the areas,
and with oysters as scarce as they are now, the difficulty of enforcing such an arrange-
ment will be quite obvious from the fact that at one time two-thirds of the fishing area
would be taken from the fishermen, who are now all too crowded.
Again, the beds are not even in their production, so that while one season the take
of oysters might be fairly satisfactory, the next year it might be next thing to nil.
Possibly a more important consideration still is the fact that the closing of an
area under certain conditions, is its death warrant, as may be seen from the many
dead beds scattered around the coast before being exploited by man at all. If the cur-
rent is sluggish, weeds will grow luxuriously, and soon spread over the whole area, if
not destroyed by fishing operations, or otherwise, so that the oyster spat floating about
would not be caught, having no clean shells and such like to settle upon, and in a very
short time the area would be ruined.
Then, again. Starfish, one of the oysters worst enemies, is reported to be making
its appearance in considerable numbers, and if left undisturbed to multiply, they,
and not the young oysters, would soon be in possession of the beds.
A certain amount of working on the beds improves their condition, as it rids them
of weeds and cleans up the shells, leaving the conditions favourable for the oyster spat
to ' set.'
lu short, experience everywhere has shown, that unassisted, the natural beds can
not supply an increasing demand, and the result of attempting to force them to do so,
even though safeguarding the position by the most restrictive regulations, must inevit-
ably result in the utter spoliation of the beds sooner or later.
One thing, and one thing only, can save the situation in Canada, viz., oyster cul-
ture by private enterprise.
OYSTER CULTUEE.
Before dealing with the possibilities of private oyster culture in Canada, it will
be of advantage to look at what has been done in such connection elsewhere, and while
it is interesting to follow such operations in the different countries of the world where
they are carried on, it will be more useful to concentrate attention to where the condi-
tions are in most respects similar to our own, viz., on the eastern coast of the United
States. What has been done there in the way of cultivating oysters, stupendous
though it is, there seems to be no reason that we should not do.
According to the statistical abstract of the United States for 1909, the oyster
fishery yielded $15,713,002, and it must not be forgotten that the valuation placed on
oysters is approximately one-fourth that here, so that the same quantity of oysters if
produced in Canada would be valued at over $60,000,000, or about double the present
value of our whole fisheries.
Another feature should not be overlooked. There has been no paternalism in
connection with the United States oyster fishery, the industry having been required
to be self-sustaining.
In the United States instead of the regulations and administration of the fisheries
bc'ing in the hands of the federal government, each state attends to its ov\m fisherie-i,
both as to the provision of the laws, and their enforcement.
So far as the oyster fishery is concerned, the common practice is for the state to
place it in the hands of a board consisting of from three to five members, who hold
SPECIAL APPENDED REPORTS Ixv
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
office for four years, the chairman and secretary being paid salaries and the others
paid their travelling expenses, and while a certain amount of money is appropriated
each year to enable the board to carry on its work, as a general thing, it must first
coPcct the money, in the way of revenue from the fishery, before it can spend it. In
fact, in the state of Virgina, which has possibly a greater revenue from its oyster
fishery than all the other Atlantic states combined, the board, after paying all expenses
of adminstration and protection, turned into the state treasury, in the ten years from
1898, no less than $423,401, and in 1907 alone, $60,811.55. Even in 1908, when depres-
sion in trade was general, and the demand for oysters consequently seriously cur-
tailed, $45,442.39 were turned over to the state by the Board of Shell-fish Commis-
sioners. Virginia estimates that it has 400,000 acres that could be used for oyster
culture. Possibly less than one-fourth of this amount is yet under lease. In 1908,
this stnte produced over 5,000,000 bushels, between seed and market oysters.
Leases of areas have been granted under varying terms — some from year to year —
others for twenty years, and still others in perpetuity.
A close season from April 1 to September 15 is applied to the natural beds, and
boats fishing on the public beds must pay a registration fee of fifty cents, and a
license fee to use ordinary tongs of $2, patent tongs being allowed on payment of a fee
of $5.
With a view to assuring the size limit of three inches in length, from hinge to
mouth of the oyster, the boats on the public berls are required to be provided with a
culling board, so that all oysters may be culled as caught, the shells and undersized ones
being returned to the beds.
In Maryland the leases are for a term of twenty years. Only barren bottoms are
leased ; but a liberal construction is placed on the term, it being held that on grounds
where oysters grow nnturally, but not in sufficient quantities to enable a living to be
made by fishing thereon, are not natural beds, and are therefore open to leasing. It is
estimated that an oysterman must earn $277.77 per season to make a living, so that any
area on which he cannot earn this amount is considered as a 'barren bottom.'
It is estimated that in 1907 Maryland produced at least 6,250,550 bushels.
The fee charged on the leases is $1 per acre for the first two years, then increas-
ing by $1 per acre per year, until the rental reaches $5 per acre. Over 1,000 acres
were under lease in that state in 1907.
Tongmen on the natural beds are required to take out licenses, and are permitted
to carry on tonging operations 237 days betwen September 1 and April 25. A size
limit of two and one-half inches from mouth to hinge is provided.
In Connecticut it is stated that the oyster industry increased ten fold since the
establishment of the planting system, and the volume of business has increased from
not more than $500,000 per annum to $5,000,000 per annum.
The industry v/as in a measure controlled by law in this state, as long as fifty
years ago, and effective legislaton was procured in the early eighties.
Leases seem to have been largely issued in perpetuity at a fee of $1 per acre ; biit
in addition there is a tax on the value of the property leased. The acreage under lease
is enormous, being over 60,000, the lots running in size from one acre to over 11,000
acres.
There is ten times as much area in this state under private culture as in public
beds. On the natural beds a license is required to allow fishing, the fee being based on
the size of the boat or vessel. For a boat of five tons or luider the fee is $2, and for
each additional ton, the fee is increased by $1.50.
In Rhode Island the laws have not been substantially changed for the last forty
years; but the increase in the productiveness of the fishery under the leasing system
has been even greater than in Connecticut. There are upwards of 16.000 acres under
lease, b\it a very small portion of which ever grew oysters in a natural way. The ren-
22 — E
Ixvi MARINE AND FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
tal from the leased areas amounts to more than $100,000 per year. The term of the
leases is from five to ten years, and the fee varies according to the depth of the water
over the area leased. Areas have also been disposed of at public auction.
Fishing on the public beds may be carried on by residents of the state only. Tongs
only may be used, and the quantity of oysters taken by any one person in a day may
not exceed twenty bushels.
In New York areas are leased for a term of 15 years. Barren bottoms are leased;
but the same liberal construction is placed on the term as in Maryland. Upwards of
30,000 acres have been granted under lease. In 1905 the oyster crop in this state was
over 6,000,000 bushels.
It is in the Great South Bay of this state that the famous Blue Point oysters are
produced. Oysters must remain on the beds there at least three months to be so
classed.
The public beds in this state have been raked and re-raked, until now they are
practically barren.
The Starfish — one of the oyster's worst enemies — abounds in this state. At times
they cover the bottom at places to a depth of 18 or 20 inches.
Different devices to combat the stars have been tried ; but the one in general used
is the Star-mop, or tangle.
It is described in the New York Shell-fish Culture Eeport for 1905, as being made
of cotton cord or ' strings arranged in large tassels, or bunches, attached to a steel
frame, and is drawn over the beds by means of dredging chains and machinery. The
Stars become entangled in the meshes of these mops and are raised in large numbers.'
It has been found that by making a ridge of lime around the beds, as long as it
remains intact, the Stars will not cross it. This was ascertained by Mr. Herman D.
Pausch. He accomplished the making of the ridge or wall by filling paper bags with
quick lime, and dropping these along the line of the bed. The paper prevents the lime
from being carried away while sinking, and the water slacks the lime.
The report above referred to states that a minimum yield from an acre under
cultivation in that state is 100 barrels per annum.
Year by year leases covering additional areas of barren bottoms to be turned into
jjroducing beds are taken out. In 1906 over 4,000 acres were leased and 1908, 885 acres.
It is reasonable to suppose that all areas for which leases have been obtained are not
found possible, at a reasonable cost, to be converted into paying beds.
In New Jersey an Act to control the Oyster Fishery was passed as long ago as
1842.
In this state about 30,000 acres are under lease, with an enormous area capable
of being cultivated being still available. Leases run for a term of ten years, and the
fee charged thereon runs from fifty cents to $3 per acre per annum for the first ten
acres, and $1 for each additional acre.
The close season in this state is from May 1 to September 1, and in the public
beds sail boats only are allowed, and the size limit for oysters is three inches.
The value of the shell fish fishery is placed at about $6,000,000 per annum.
From the above summary of the conditions in the diffei'ent states referred to, it
will be seen that by means of private oyster culture, a tremendous industry has
evolved, and that the natural beds now form a small factor in the supply. By energy,
courage and experience, groat stretches of barren ocean floor have been turned into
producing areas of highly remunerative value and not only have the lessees derived
large profits, but the people generally, in this country as well as in the United States,
have benefited by being enabled to procure, at prices within the reach of all, the pala-
t?ble ajid nutritious food which the oyster provides.
SPECIAL APPENDED REPORTS Ixvii
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
APPLICATION.
In tho light of such conditions, why have those living along the Atlantic sea-board
not turned their earnest attention to the possibilities at their door? The reason is
largely that following the decision of the Imperial Privy Council in the Fisheries
Reference in 1898, which unfortunately left unsettled in a great measure the question
of fishery rights, as between the federal and provincial governments, neither the one
authority nor the other has been in a position to grant a lease that would be sufficiently
satisfactory to make the holder feel safe to proceed.
In 1890, the Department, realizing the great imprtance of oyster culture, arranged
for an appropriation of $5,000 by parliament to enable a survey of the grounds to be
carried out, and with a view to facilitating the filing of applications by persons desirous
of obtaining exclusive licenses for the cultivation of private oyster beds, the following
' Regulations to guide surveyors in preparing plans and descriptions for applications
for Oyster Fishing Licenses,' were prepared: —
' 1. All surveys of oyster license limits are to conform to the largest scale
admiralty chart published, of the harbour or locality to which the application
refers. Such chart can be seen on application to the Fishery Overseer of the dis-
trict in which the limits are situated.
' 2. Boundaries are to be fixed by reference to well-defined objects marked on
the charts, or by any surveyor's boundaries already existing, but in these last cases,
the surveyor's boundaries must be defined for plotting on the chart by reference
to points marked on the chart, so that they can be accurately located bv the
officers of the department from the surveyor's description.
' 3. Where surveys are bounded by lines, these lines must be due astronomical
east and west and north and south lines.
' 4. The extremities of any lines, or other boundaries, when on land, must be
mared by monuments in acordance with the law governing land surveys.
' 5. The boundaries of lots, when in water, must be so defined that they can be
easily located at any future time. Satisfactory definitions would be two cross
ranges on land, separated by an angle of at least 60 degrees, with the objects in
range defined on plan, or at least three sextant angles, each of not less than 40
degrees, measured to four prominent objects on shore shown on the chart. Com-
pass bearings alone, unaccompanied by any other check, will not be accepted.
' 6. A plan of the survey must be furnished, which is to be made on the basis of
the admiralty chart of the locality, as above mentioned, either on the same scale or
some multiple thereof, or it may be plotted upon a printed copy of the chart. On
the plan, all boundaries, distances, bearings and connections, with reference points,
must be distinctly shown, and an error, clerical or otherwise, will condemn the
whole survey.
' 7. The plan must be accompanied by a description giving the metes and
bounds of the lot and its area in acres, in such terms as would, in the case of an
ordinary land survey be held in a court of law, to be a legal description for a title
deed.
' 8. In the event of previous surveys having been made in the same locality,
the plan is to show the nearest boundaries of such surveys, and their relation to
the new survey.
' After the application and plan are complete it should be submitted to the
inspector of fisheries for transmission to headquarters, with his repwrt of the area
in question, and if approved of by the department, a form of license is made out
in his favour for a period of nine years, on a form similar to the following: — '
That considerable public interest was aroused is evidenced by the fact that by
the end of 1897, 1,684 acres had been licensed in the maritime provinces; but while
this was a long step in the right direction, unfortuntaely few of the licensees entered
22— E^
Ixviii MARINE AND FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
into the preptiraliou ol* Uio nrens licGiised in any serious way, and owing to the uncer-
tainty of their holdings, following the decision above mentioned, nearly all of them
allowed their licenses to lapse.
In the face, however, of a rapidly failing fishery from the natural beds, it is real-
ized on all hands that the unfortunate unsettled state of the question of relative fishery
rights, should not be allowed to longer intervene to prevent the development of an
industry with such far-reaching possibilities, and it is hoped that negotiations which
are now proceeding with the maritime provinces will shortly result in a modus vivendi
which will enable the granting of leases which will fully safeguard the holdings of the
lessees, following which, it is trusted, those who are prepared to put the requisite
energy and capital into the venture all I'oiuid the coast, will not be found wanting.
It should not be anticipated by those taking up oyster culture, that no difficulties
and problems will be met.
Oystej culture, like many other things, seems perfectly simple in theory; but in
practice unlocked for conditions are sure to arise, which can only be met by careful
study thereof, and persevering energy, and while disappointments and setbacks must
be looked for, chiefly by those engaging in the venture, there can be no doubt that
those who are ever watchful of conditions and their effects, and who turn their
experience to practical account will find their efforts crowned with success, and that
with much less labour, an oyster farm under the water will prove immensely more
remunerative than one above high- water mark; yes, than even a western wheat farm.
It is practice and intelligent watchfulness that make a good ploughman, a good team-
ster, or a good farmer. So it will prove in oyster culture.
Practically all around the shores of the maritime provinces, and in many of the
rivers, natural oyster beds are scattered, and it is only reasonable to expect that barren
bottoms that duplicate, or may be made to duplicate producing ones can be made pro-
ductive. On the other hand, it is unreasonable to anticipate that areas which are
quite dissimilar, or which lack even one important condition, will yield abundant crops.
Oysters do not thrive where the bottom is composed of shifting sand, or where
mud is deposited, and in locating an area on which to begin the formation of an oyster
bed, besides the above, the following conditions, as compared with those where oysters
grow naturally, should be kept in view: —
1. Depth of the water,
2. Velocity of the current,
3. Density (salt contained),
4. Organisms used by oysters as food, and
n. Quantity of food in the water.
While some grounds will support hundreds of bushels of oysters to the acre, others
"will support only 50 or 80, and if more were planted, the whole would fail of sheer
starvation.
The depth of the water is a very important consideration, particularly where tongs
are used to take the oysters. For instance : ground under 5 feet of water, stocked with
25 bushels to the acre, would yield a tonger as much as ground 25 feet under water,
stocked with 325 bushels to the acre. In water 5 feet deep, a good tongman should go
over an acre in twelve and one-half days. In the deep water beds along the United
States coast, steam dredges are used. With such the depth of water matters little.
When a suitable bottom has been located, and the water conditions found to be
satisfactory, the question of a supply of culch arises.
In this regard the United States planters have a great advantage. On account of
the immense quantities of oysters produced, but a small proportion thereof can bo
marketed in the shell. Hence, in the vicinity of the beds great ' shucking ' houses
have been established, where the oysters are removed from the shell, and are either
canned or shipped away to the different markets all over the continent in bulk. The
SPECIAL APPENDED REPORTS Ixix
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
mass of shells that is accumulated as a result of this process is enormous, and nothing
makes such excellent culcli as oyster shells.
In the absence of a supply of shells, broken stones, coarse gravel, broken tiles and
brick, furnace clinkers, &c., could be used. Three hundred bushels to the acre would be
a reasonable amount under most conditions.
After the spat is first thrown off by the spawning oyster it remains for a time
free-swimming larva?. The time that it remains in such condition varies according
to the temperature of the water. Careful investigation that was conducted in New
Jersey in 1908, indicated that when the temperature of the water is from 70 to 75
Fahrenheit, the free-swimming period lasts three weeks; but if the temperature is
from 75 to SO the time is shortened to two weeks, while in water ranging from 80 to 85
it may be as short as one week, so that in Canada on the same basis the usual free-
swimming jK-riod would be about three weeks.
After this it drops to the bottom, and if it can find a clean suitable surface to
which to adhere, it attaches itself thereto and there remains during its lifetime, or
until removed. If a clean surface cannot be found it drifts on to destruction.
It is therefore obvious that the culch should be spread over the bed a short time
as possible before the time the spat sets, in order that it may be perfectly clean. Hence
the importance of experiments of the character above referred to.
It is estimated that the spawning oyster throws off half a million spat each season.;
but the number that are destroyed by natural enemies and otherwise is enormous.
From the above, one of the uncertainties of oyster culture will be readily appre-
ciated. As the spat rises to the surface after being emitted, and while in its free-
swimming stage, it may be carried to a considerable distance from the mother oyster,
and away from the bed on which she lay altogether. Hence, under certain conditions
of currents and tides one area might be well seeded, while another, equally as well pre-
pared, might not; but with a reasonably large number of spawners, particularly if the
area is in a sheltered location, the danger in this regard is largely minimized, as the
whole water area will be, so to spenk, alive with the young oyster brood.
It will be appreciated that as the industry grows, the chances for a favourable
* set ' improve, as the amount of spat produced will be relatively increased.
Many suitable areas on the United States coast are devoted to raising what are
known as ' seed ' oysters, which are used to stock the beds instead of trusting to natural
seeding.
Areas suitable for growing seed oysters are usually raised bottoms, over which
there passes a good flow of water, and as the bottoms are well covered with culch, such
areas are in an exceedingly good position for securing an enormous set ; but oysters
growing so thickly would amount to very little if left to mature, as neither food nor
room in sufficient quantity would be availal>le.
This seed is sometimes removed when but a few months old; but it is considered
best when about a year old, and indeed it is sometimes two years old, and is so ready
for market usually in from two to three years from planting,
A carload of seed will readily stock two acres, and a very large and rapidly growing
tr.nde in such oysters has sprung vip with the Pacific coast. The young oysters can be
t.iken safely across the continent, and when laid down in the waters of tbe Pacific, grow
and fatten ra])idly. An idea of the. proportions this transcontinental trade bas already
assumed will be gathered from the fact that oyster planters in the state of Washington
now spend $o00.000 yearly in the purchase of such oysters, and $150,000 more on their
transportaton. As this seed sells very cheaply, usually about 25 cents per bushel, the
quantity grown, it will be appreciated, is very large.
No doubt these seed oysters, if taken to the maritime province oyster areas, would
in growing, largely, if not altogether, acquire that flavour and lusciousness that enable
the oysters produced thoro to command such n high price, and in view of cheapness of
these seed oysters, it strongly appeals to the writer that an exceedingly remunerative
Ixx MARINE AND FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
business might be built up by those going into private culture in the portion of Canada
under consideration, having their beds stocked with such seed oysters, particularly on
account of the difficulty, owing to the depleted condition of the natural beds, of obtain-
ing oysters with which to stock new beds.
Another difficulty to be encountered in Canada, that does not obtain in United
States, is the heavy ice in the winter, which renders impossible the marking of areas
with permanent stakes, buoys, &c., so that the bounds of all plots would have to be
defined from fixed marks on the shore.
The cost of preparing a new oyster bed will, of course, largely depend on the con-
ditions existing; but the requirements are simple: a suitable bottom, consisting of, pre-
ferably rather firm mud or clay, superimposed with a coating of culch ; a suitable depth
of water to not render operations too exjeiisive; a fair amount of current; sufficient
salinity; abundant food and an absence or subduing of starfish and other enemies of
the young oyster.
In New Jersey, where the value of the oyster is not nearly half what it is in the
maritime provinces, it is stated that from $100 to $800 of a net profit may reasonably
be looked for per acre. It is unquestionable that a successful Canadian culturist must
do much better than can be done in New Jersey.
Some sporadic attempts were made in early years to stock certain areas in Quebec,
even before 1870 ; but w-ithout success, and no doubt such was due to the fact that the
grounds on which oysters were planted were in no wise prepared or suitable for the
growth thereof.
It is also a fact that since as long ago as 1871 oyster culture has in a small way
been carried on in Prince Edward Island somewhat successfully, and the wonder of it
is that from this object lesson, the idoa did not spread. Possibly such was largely due
to the wonderful fertility and reproductive powers of the natural beds there.
In the year in question (1871) Honourable "W. 11. Pope (afterwards Judge) acquired
a property right to a plot of ground in Squirrel creek, and he was permitted to procure
oysters during the months of July and August that year, with which to stock the area.
The oysters placed on the beds were bought at 80 cents per barrel and later on, in the
open season, when sold in Montreal, they bought from $2.50 to $4 per barrel.
Later the area passed into the hands of Honourable J. C. Pope, who at one time
was Minister of Marine and Fisheries; but he was tmable to give it attention, and
disposed of it to Mr. John Richards, of Bideford, in 1885. Mr. Richards improved the
area and worked it successfully iip to last year (1909), when he sold it to Messrs.
Sharp Brothers, of Squirrel Creek, who no doubt will make a brilliant success of the
venture.
Another fact should be borne in mind, viz., the price of Canadian oysters is now
entirely too high, and they must now be classed in the more remote luxuries. A well
known condition of economics is that if any article becomes too expensive, the people
will cease to buy it, and will use some other in its place.
In the present instance, with unlimited supplies available from the United States,
though not nearly of such good quality, the interchange is a comparatively simple mat-
ter, and in the end the purchasing public will become satisfied ' with the next best
thing,' and so the demand for the Canadian product, at the much higher cost, will
cease.
It will therefore be apparent, even from that standpoint, that the present abnormal
price cannot hold out long, and if Canada is to remain to be a supplier, even of her
own oyster markets, she must produce more, and clearly the only way to do so is by
oyster culture by private enterprise.
There is already a large market for oysters, botli in the shell and in bulk in
Canada, and with new sottlors pouring in by the thousands, together with the natural
increas", the demand vrill rapidly grow, and the writer, in concluding, desires to express
his hope and confidence that instead of having to be satisfied with unquestionably
SPECIAL APPENDED REPORTS
Ixxi
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
second best oysters from the United States, Canadian planters will in the not far
remote future be wholly supplying the demand, with eminent advantage to the con-
sumer and at wholesome profits to the producer.
Table showing the Aggregate Quantities of Oysters caught in the Dominion since
1876, compiled from Annual Reports of the Department of Fisheries.
Year.
1876. . . .
1877. . . .
1878. . . .
1879 . . .
1880. . . .
1881....
1882....
1883. . . .
1884. . . .
1885. . . .
1886. . . .
1887. . . .
1888. . . .
1889. . . .
1890. . . .
1891. . . .
181^2. . . .
1893. . . .
1894. . . .
1895. . . .
1896. . , .
1897. . . .
1898. . . .
1899. . . .
1900. ..
1901...
1902. . .
1903. . . .
v.m. . . .
lf»5. . . .
1906 . . .
1;K)7-08.
1908-09.
1909-10.
Total.
New Brunswick.
(Quantity.
Brls.
7,911
7.738
11,270
9,420
12,280
8,413
5,859
10,317
11,851
27,368
28,083
23,196
16,384
17,760
16,710
14,9;J4
17,840
16,365
16,96C
18,070
14,700
19,835
22,67.^
17.250
19,240
14,460
12,719
12,470
15,320
14,300
14,920
1.^,435
19,080
19,340
530,473
Prince Edward
Island.
Nova Scotia.
Quantity.
Brls.
7,905
20,850
17,902
18,145
20,297
20,815
57,042
38,880
28,290
28,204
33,125
36,448
35,861
41,257
35,203
41,0.%
32,937
29,627
24,055
25,463
30,214
20,915
26,484
18,236
17,825
24,972
20,334
18,333
18,00<i
17,656
14,988
1,672
11,472
13,519
847,962
Quantity.
Brla.
1,040
980
912
1,067
1,861
2,270
1,745
1,343
1,595
1,310
1,397
1,716
1,589
2, .532
3,013
4,318
3,776
3.488
2,512
2,540
2,400
2,372
2,097
2,027
1,855
1,690
1,663
1,354
1,411
1,466
1,722
1.337
1,515
1,716
C5,599
Totals.
Quantity.
Brls.
16,856
29,568
30,090
28,632
34,438
31,498
64,646
.50,540
41.736
56,682
62,805
61,360
53,834
61,549
54,926
60,282
54,553
49,480
45,527
46,073
47,374
43,122
51,2.56
37,513
38,920
41,122
34,716
32,157
;i4,737
33,422
31,630
26,444
32,067
34,575
1,444,034
Ixxii MARINE AND FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
SPECIAL APPENDED REPORT— II.
THE NON-PEOGEESSION OF THE ATLA^NTIC EISHEKIES OF CANADA
By John J. Cowie^ of the Department of Marine and Fisheries.
The writer, in compiling this the 43rd Annual Eeport of the Fisheries of the
Dominion, and in looking over the statistics of preceding years for purposes of com-
parison, has been much struck by the fact that the fisheries of the four eastern mari-
time provinces — Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island and Quebec —
are at present, and for that matter, have been for many years, in a somewhat stagnant
condition; and in order to quicken the interest of all concerned therein to the need
of considering, seriously, what practical steps may be taken towards re-animating the
industry he has deemed it a duty to present the matter, as it appears to him, in the
form of this article.
FISHERIES A SOURCE OF NATIONAL STRENGTH.
The fisheries of nations having all or part of their boundaries washed by the sea
have always been looked upon not only as a valuable source of national wealth but as a
valuable source of national strength as well.
At the present moment more than any other, since we as a nation have accepted
the responsibility of creating a naval force of our own, it becomes doubly necessary for
us to see that the number of our sea-faring population is not only maintained but
increased.
If the wealth of the national fisheries is not increasing in consonance with the
growth of the nation itself, then, a very important source of national strength is
becoming sapped and weakened.
So much attention is given by some European countries to their fisheries, from this
point of view alone, that France, for instance, pays a heavy subsidy or bounty, amount-
ing to $2 per cwt. on certain kinds of fish taken by French fishermen to encourage the
building and equipping of steamers and vessels for deep sea fishing such as that carried
on in the Atlantic on the ' Grand Banks ' ; while Germany subsidizes heavily any com-
pany formed for the purpose of building steamers to develop the deep sea fishery. All
of which aims at increasing the .maritime population for naval recruiting purposes.
FULL ADVANTAGE NOT TAKEN OF ABUNDANCE OF FISH.
In the annual report of the Fisheries of Canada the boast is continually made
that our fisheries are the most extensive in the world; and rightly so, for of all the
many ways in which bounteous nature has blessed this wide Dominion in no way
has she been more lavish than in the wealth of food fishes with which she has filled
Canadian s'^as.
But while all this is perfectly true, and although the capture and consumption of
sea fish have increased enormously with the demands of a greatly increased population
for a cheap and palatable food, both in Europe and Nortli America, especially since
the age of steam with its improved railway and st-f^amboat facilities for the convey-
nce of fresh sea fi.sh to large inland towns, and while Canada has reason to be proud
of the annual value of its present fish production it is perfectly clear from the records
kept that wo are not taking full advantage of the wealth of fish in the teeming waters
that wash our eastern shores.
SPECIAL APPENDED REPORTS Ixxiii
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
WHAT TUE STATISTICS SHOW.
It is not by any means claimed here that the statistics published annually in the
Fisheries Report are of an absolutely reliable character, but it is claimed that fishery
officers, generally, are in a position to know, broadly, the upward or downward tendency
in the landings of a particular class of fish, and that the result is made sufficiently
clear in the figures returned by them to enable the statistician and the economist to
reach conclusions respecting the decline or otherwise of any or all branches of the
industry.
Taking the statistics then as we have them, what do we find?
First that the grand total value of the fisheries has been gradually, though slowly,
forging ahead. Here are the figures for the whole Dominion from 1900 to 1909 : —
1900 $21,557,639
1901 25,737,153
1902 21,959,433
1903 23,101,878
1904 23,516,439
1905 29,479,562
1906 26,279,485
1907-08 25,499,349
1908-09 25,452,085
1909-10 29,629,169
In the year 1884 the total value of the fisheries amounted to $17,766,404.
In the second place we find that the fisheries of British Columbia and inland
western waters have been giving us the increasing totals, and further that the aggre-
gate value of the fisheries of the four eastern provinces has almost stood still for the
last twenty-five years.
The two following tables contain figures showing the relative yearly values of the
fisheries of the west and east during the past ten years. Table A. shows the total
yearly value of the fisheries of western Canada — seal hunting excluded — from Ontario
to British Columbia in the ten years from 1900 to 1909. Table B. shows the total
yearly value of the fisheries of eastern Canada — Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Prince
Edward Island, and Quebec (inland Quebec not included) — during the same period: —
Table A. Table B.
1900 $ 6,353,560 1900 $14,283,679
1901 9,954,854 1901 15,045.124
1902 7,400,317 1902 13,970,196
1903 7,470,272 1903 15,122,713
1904 8,503,372 1904 14,593,688
1905 1.3,036,234 1905 15.855,611
1906 9,911,752 1906 15,804.051
1907-08 8,902,901 1907-08 16,279,356
1908-09 9,303,600 1908-09 15,854,356
1909-10 13,727,038 1909-10 15,615,485
But to look back a little further to the five years from 1884 to 1888, inclusive,
it is seen that the fisheries of the four eastern provinces yielded thn following yearly
values : —
1884 $14,874,413
1885 14.9.52,183
1886 15,078.962
1887 14.3.50.282
1888 13,095,767
Ixxiv
MARINE AND FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
These figures speak for themselves, land clearly show that the value of fish pro-
duced in the eastern provinces named has simply fluctuated round the 15 million
dollar mark, with a very slight upward tendency, for a quarter of a century. Put
shortly the result reads thus: — on the one hand the fisheries of Ontario and British
Columbia in 1884 produced $2,691,991, and in 1909 (with the other provinces of the
west included) $13,727,038: on the other hand the fisheries of the four Atlantic pro-
vinces produced in 1884 $14,874,413 and in 1909, $15,615,485.
Further, the industry in the east does not appear, to offer sufficient inducements
for an increasing number of men to engage in such a hazardous and precarious busi-
ness as that of deep sea fishing as the accompanying table shows: —
Aggregate yearly number of men in vessels and in boats engaged in the fisheries
of Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island, and Quebec from 1900 to
1909.
Year.
1000.. ..
1901
1902
1903
1904.. . .
1905....
1906....
1907-08.
1908-09.
1909-10.
Men in Vessels.
7,155
7,047
6,886
7,285
7,115
7,294
7,286
6,654
6,819
6,263
Men in Boats
46,880
45,143
44,440
43,939
45,675
47,271
44,962
44.037
46,379
44,607
Total.
54,035
52,190
51,326
51,224
52,790
54,565
52,248
50,691
53,189
50,870
In the year 1893 the figures for the same provinces were 6,896 men in vessels,
43,343 men in boats, making the total number of men 50,239.
Thus we find that in the course of sixteen years the number of men engaged in
the capture of fish on board the combined fleets of the four eastern provinces has not
increased much; in fact within the last ten years the tendency has been downwards.
During the ten years named the population of Canada has increased very greatly,
and as a consequence the field, the forest, the factory and the mine have literally
poured forth an increasing flood of wealth.
Why then has the fishing industry of the east failed to share in this cycle of
general national prosperity?
Here is a question the solution of which may well claim close and serious atten-
tion.
BOUNTY SYSTKM KOT GIVING RESULTS INTENDED.
Notwithstanding all that has been done from time to time by the Department of
^Marine and Fisheries in various ways to encourage the development of our fisheries,
and in spite of the fact that somewhere in the vicinity of $160,000 per year for the last
twenty-seven years liave been distributed as fishing bounty in the four eastern pro-
vinces, we are face to face with the fact that no advance is being made.
In the latter regard, it may be that the existing system of distribution is wrong,
and that some new basis of payment needs to be devised and adopted to produce the
effects contemplated at the inception of the system.
To the writer, who has seen the great industries of steam trawling and steam drift-
ing, with all the concomitant and subsidiary industries they bring in their train, grow
and expand by leaps and bounds in the course of a decade in Great Britain, the spec-
SPECIAL APPENDED REPORTS
Ixx/
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
tacle of beholding an industry, on which such a large proportion of the population of
our maritime provinces depends for its very existence, simply marking time for such a
long period, is a source of great amazement.
A CAUSE OF NON-EXPANSION.
In the opinion of the writer, the chief reason why this sluggish condition has
existed so long is to be found in the fact that the fish trade of the east is largely a salt
iish one and that it has practically reached its limit in the way of expansion, notwith-
standing recent improvements in the style of placing the dried product on the market
in such forms as boneless and skinless, shredded, &c.
Here are tables showing the yearly quantities of cod and haddock dried in the last
ten years: —
Coi).
Haddock.
Year.
Cwts.
Year.
Cwts.
1900
897,765
1,004,586
1,002,644
830,883
793,881
738.637
670,775
693,955
700,530
814,041
1900
1901
1902
103,993
140,130
1IK),319
1901
1902
1903
1903
1904
75,131
1904
88,113
1905
1905
1906
9;t,788
1906
82,745
1907-08
1907-08
75,002
1908-09
1908-09
87,246
111,705
1909-10
1909-10
Seventeen years ago the quantity of cod dried was 880,184 cwt. and that of had-
dock dried 167,578 cwt.
A HOPEFUL SIGN.
That there is a change taking place in the character of the fisheries on many
parts of the Atlantic coast, however, and that therein lines the hope of re-animation is
obvious to all close observers.
In recent years there is an ever increasing quantity of cod being disposed of fresh
or green, of haddock fresh and smoked, and in the course of last year ' filleted ' smoked
fish — pieces of fresh fish, usually haddock, minus bones and skin, slightly smoked and
coloured — were placed on the market for tlie first time by one or two Halifax fish
merchants.
If, perchance this may fall under the eye of those who are making ' fillets ' it may
not be out of place to herein ask them to reconsider the question of salting. Those
' fillets ' being thin and without bones or skin absorb the pickle much quicker than a
v.hole split haddock, for instance, in preparation for smoking, and the tendency is to
turn out * fillets ' that are too salty for the average consumer. This was the one fault
of an otherwise delectable piece of fish last year, which could easily be avoided witliout
injury to its keepable qualities, and it is to be hoped that due attention will be paid to
this matter in future.
Ixxvi
MARINE AND FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
The accompanying tables convey some idea as to how this trade in fresh and semi-
fresh fish has grown in the last ten years : —
Cod, Fresh or Green.
Haddock, Fresh and Smoked.
year,
1900
1901
1902
1903
1904
1905
1906
1907-08...
1908-09
1909-10
lbs.
Nil.
Nil.
Nil.
504,500
1,238,985
l,87fi,000
2,170,095
r>,.S95,900
5,432,100
4,354,871
year
1900
1901
1902
1903
1904
1905
1906
1907-08
1908-09
1909-10
lbs.
7,560,625
8,691,6K9
7,751,883
10.060,283
9,875,700
14,216,384
18,246,866
15,259,535
11,845,619
13,557,442
On those remoter parts of our coast, however, which as yet lie beyond the reach of
the railway and other means of quick transportation, the fish business must remain a
dried fish one for the time; and while there may not be much hope of increasing the
demand and output of this class of fish, yet, in the opinion of the writer, much
can be done to at least arrest their decline by, for instance, following the example of
the Scotch Fishery Board in periodically sending a duly qualified person to the con-
suming centres to study the tastes and desires of the consumers, and by the distribution
of reports to keep these continually before the fishermen and curers at our producing
points. Also very much can be done by the institution of a thoroughly sound system
of inspection for all salt fish.
Indeed some such steps are urgently needed to be taken for the salvation of the
cod-fish trade with Europe, especially.
The bounty of $2 per cwt. paid by the French government to the French cod-
fishing industry is a severe handicap on the Canadian industry as well as on that of
others.
In fact the British Consul General at Florence, Italy in his report for 1909 says:
— referring to the Italian trade — ' That unless a large catch at Newfoundland and
Labrador happens to coincide with a small take by the French fishing fleet. British
cod-fish — products of Newfoundland, Canada and Great Britain — cannot compete
with the French on anything like equal terms and must go to the wall. The only
recourse open to British exporters is to devote more and more attention to the quality
of their goods from the point of view of the local taste and demand.'
If, then the Atlantic fisheries of Canada must rely on the comparatively new and
struggling fresh fish trade for a means of expansion the question remains: What can
be done to give this trade the necessary fillip?
CANADIANS NON-FISH EATERS.
In northern temperate regions edible fishes are found in much more abundance
than in southern and tropical zones, and they therefore, as a rule, form a much more
important part of the food supply of the people.
In Canada we live in the northern temperate zone, with a great abundance of
fine food fishes in our seas; but can we say that fish forms an important part of our
daily diet? It may at once be admitted that wc as a northern people are an exception
to the rule as fish eaters.
The question may be asked why should this be the case?
Several causes have combined to keep us a non-fish eating nation; chief amongst
them being the little attention given until recently, to supplying good fresh sea fish
SI'ECIAL AITEMJEI) REPORTS Ixxvii
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
to inland dwellers, owing to difficulties of transportation, and the greater attention
hitherto given on the coast to the salt-fish trade. Another is the lamentable lack of
enterprise on the part of inland dealers in not realizing the iwssibility of greatly in-
creased trade that lies in an attractive display of fresh fish, dressed for cooking by
expert fish cleaners, in cleanly, up to date fish shops; together with the want of a
proper knowledge of the art of cooking fish on the part of the average housewife.
Take the manner in which fresh fish are exhibited for sale in Ottawa as a fair
sample of that obtaining in most cities of the Dominion. A dealer, usually a butcher,
on a Friday morning places a large tin tray in his shop window on which are laid
out, generally in an inch or more of their own blood, a few sickly-looking ' fresh ' had-
dock, trout, &c., by means of which he expects to entice the custom of those, and there
are many, who would eat real fresh sea fish. The exhibition is enough to make most
fish eaters vow never more to indulge their appetite.
ONE DIFFICULTY OVERCOME.
One hindrance to the greater expansion of a fresh fish trade — that of transporta-
tion— has been largely removed by the plan adopted by the Department of Marine
and Fisheries in 1907, of assisting shippers of Canadian fresh fish, by providing
necessary facilities, as well as by the payment of part of the heavy express charges
on their shipments, which was explained fully on page xvii of the Fisheries Report
for 1908-9, to enable them to more than compete successfully with the United States
shippers who have hitherto practically supplied the larger towns and cities of central
Canada owing to the much shorter railway journey from Boston and Gloucester.
Since the inauguration of the system the quantity of fresh fish annually brought
into Canada from Fnited States ports has been strikingly reduced, and that
shipped inland from Canadian Atlantic ports correspondingly increased, and it now
remains for the energy and enterprise alone of our fishermen and fish merchants to
entirely supply the present home demand from Canadian sources.
But even the capturing of the whole of the home market by Canadians will not,
until the demand for fresh fish be mightly increased, bring about the much-to-be-
desired gi-owth in our Atlantic fisheries, and the question still remains: What is to
be done to create the fish eating habit to produce the expansion needed?
A POSSIBLE SOLUTION.
In the opinion of the writer, this matter might be solved, and the whole fishing
business of the countrj'- benefited and enlarged by starting an educational campaign
by means of interesting articles in the newspapers, and the dissemination of literature
with the object of teaching the public how to use fish as a daily diet and not merely
as an occasional change from meat, of convincing the housewife of the great food
value of fish, and of showing here how she may serve it up in many tasty and appetiz-
ing ways.
Advantage might also be taken of the various provincial fairs, — especially inland
fairs — held annually throughout the country, to advertise the produce of our seas by
the erection of a model fish-shop in which an expert could demonstrate — for the
special benefit of dealers — how to clean and prepare fish of various kinds for cooking,
and how the fish should be displayed in a shop window so as to attract buyers.
WHAT GRKAT BRITAIN IS DOING.
Notwithstanding the enormous extent to which the fresh fish trade of Great
Britain has already grown it is realized that full advantage has not yet been taken of
the means of expansion, that the piililic has not .vet learned the proper value of fish as a
food, and that organized eflfort is necessary to bring about a still greater increase in
the sale and consumption of this wholesome and nourishing article of diet.
Ixxviii MARINE AND FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
There is an organization known as the ' National Fisheries Protection Associa-
tion,' embracing in its membership, besides many members of both houses of parlia-
ment, representatives of all branches of the fishing industry in Great Britain, with
headquarters in London, which convenes periodically and deliberates on all matters
pertaining to the welfare of the national fisheries.
This association, with the active co-operation and assistance of all fish dealers, &c.,
ii- at present conducting vs?hat is called a ' Fish for Food Campaign ' throughout the
British Islands, with a view to arousing further public interest in the advantages of a
fish diet.
The plan of campaign consists in the issuing to fish-mongers, and others handling
fish in any ^vay, boi^klets for free distribution amongst the consuming public, contain-
ing besides interesting articles on the food value of fish by eminent medical and scien-
tific authorities, many recipes designed to help customers to cook fish in a variety of
new, inexpensive and appetizing ways.
Advertisements such as the following are also prominently displayed: —
\VHY EAT MORE FISH?
Because :
Fish as an article of diet is more nourishing and wholesome than meat.
Fish is sustaining and is quickly digested.
Fish is essential to making children healthy and strong.
Fish can be cooked in a large variety of ways and makes many daily dishes.
For your health's sake, eat more fish.
Ask your grocer for free recipe book : Tasty Ways of Cooking Fish.
Eat fish and more of it.
If the necessity for putting forth a united eflFort to increase the demand for fish
by advocating a more regular use of it in the daily dietary of the British Isles be great,
it is bound to strike all who may lay any claim to a knowledge of the fishing bvisiness of
Canada that the need for taking some such steps in this country is immensely greater,
for much of the prejudice existing in Canada to-day against a more regular use of
fish as food is due to the want of a proper appreciation of its health-giving qualities.
In writing a prefatory article on the ' Food value of fish' for the booklet used in
the campaign in England. Sir James Crichton-Browne, M.D., D.Sc, LL.D., F.R.S.,
^'ice-president of the Royal Institution of Great Britain, says in part: —
* * * * * * •» * * -x- *
'That'fisli should thus have been found sufiicient for human requirements in
people displaying great physical vitality is not surprising when it is known that
it fulfils the two great functions of food, by supplying the material by which the
body is built up and repaired, and the material by means of which it does its work.
To revert to the old, and, if not strictly accurate, still serviceable analogy of the
steam-engine, fisli contains the metal of which the engine is constructed, and the
fuel for getting up steam. It contains what is called proteid, the nitrogenous
constituent, which is mainly concerned in the formation of the tissues of which
the body is composed, and it contains fat — one of the main sources from which
the energy of the cells is derived.
' It is true that, both as regards proteid and fat, fish is inferior to meat. It
may be estimated that as regards fat, one and a-half pounds of fish are equal to
one pound of lean beef in nutritive value, and that in the nutritive nitrogenous
material the flesh of white fish is from 2 to 4 per cent poorer than that of meat.
But the price of white fish is considerably less than that of meat, and when it
can be bought at 8d. or 4d. a pound, as the coarser kinds of fish always can be.
SPECIAL APPESDED REPORTS Ixxix
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
it is, for equal nutritive value, exceedingly cheap when compared with beef and
mutton, even allowing for the larger proportion of waste and unedible material in
fish.
* As a rule it is the cheaper, or as they are unfortunately called, the coarser
kinds of fish, such as skate, dabs, mackerel, hake, haddock, and sprats that afford
the most nourishment for a given sum. It has been remarked that the humble
bloater offers the largest amount of animal nourishment for a given price of any
animal food and that two salt herrings contain as much proteid as is requisite in
the daily dietary of an ordinary working man. One pound of fresh herring nt 2d.
is eertaiv.ly as sustaining a? half .n pound of bcof at Bd.'
* * * * ••:••>;•*****
' It cannot be too strongly insisted on that for working people of all classes
— those who work with their heads as well as those who work with their hands —
fish is an economical source of the energy necessary to enable them to carry on
their work, and that for children and young persons, it furnishes the very stuff
that is needed to enable them to grow healthy and strong. Even the rearer sorts
of fish are sometimes worth the money paid for them. Salmon, for instance,
weight for weight, contains nearly three times as much nutriment as cod, and so
a pound of salmon at Is. 6d. is not more costly, from an alimentary point of view,
than one pound of cod at 6d., or a pound of mutton at lOd. TMien it is practica-
ble, as I suppose it will be, to place on the market, even in our midland towns
farthest from the sea, the finer varieties of fish, such as sole, turbot, and brill, at
more moderate prices than have hitherto ruled, then these will be by no means
extravagant luxuries even in humble homes. But it is the coarser kinds of fish,
such as skate, mackerel, hake, dabs, sprats, haddock, and conger eel, which can be
bought at 3d. or 4d. a pound in most towns, that the great and hitherto much-
neglected storehouse of food for the people is to be found.
' It is not possible or advisable that fish should to any large extent take the
place of butchers' meat in the diet of the inhabitants of this country. There is
plenty of room for both. There are amongst us classes who habiiually eat too
much butchers' meat, and who would do well to reduce their meat ration and sub-
stitute fish for some part of it; but there are also classes, much larger classes, who
habitually eat too little butchers' meat, and to whom a supply of cheap fish should
be an inestimable boon.
***********
Instruction in the preparation of fish for the table in at least a dozen different
tempting ways should, I think, be made a leading feature in the cookery classes
in nil elementary schools. A fish cake of common skate, well made, is a delicacy
that an epicure need not despise ; and a well-seasoned fish pie of cod, served hot, is
really a dainty enough dish * to set before a king.'
OiK^ of tho great recommendations of fish as a food is its easy digestibility.
Even feeble and delicate stomachs, like those of under-fed children, dyspeptics and
convalescents can deal with it without difficulty. The rapidity with which any kind
of meat dissolves in the stomach depends on the fineness of its fibres. Beef is less
digestible than mutton, becaue its fibres are longer and harder, and for the same
reason mutton is less digestible than the breast of a fowl. But in fish the muscle
fibres are verj* short, and arranged in flaky masses which are easily separated from
one another, and hence fish lends itself to comparatively speedy digestion. Of
course, fish differs greatly in digestibility, the lean kinds being more quickly dis-
posed of than the fat; anil salt fish owing to the hardening of its fibre during
salting, lingering lomrer in the stomach than fresh fish.
But the digestibility, absorltnlulity. and nutritive value of fish must largely
depend on the cooking of it. When presented in a savoury form it not only stimu-
Ixxx MARINE AND FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
lates the flow of saliva, but by its mere flavour sets the gastric glands a-working,
even before it has reached the stomach; whereas when served in a watery and
insipid way, it fails to afford either stimulus or satisfaction.'
Great Britain is not alone, however, in its efforts to popularize the use of fish
Jimong the masses.
In Germany, at this moment, there is a propaganda in full swing with the same
object in viow.
In the last report of the Fishery Society, which is undertaking the main part of
the work, it is said that the common ignorance of the methods of preparing tasty and
varied dishes of fish is one of the greatest obstacles encountered.
In order to overcome it, classes have been started in Berlin and a large number of
other towns — ' sea-fish cooking classes ' — for housewives and girls. Besides, this,
specinl commissions have been appointed in Breslau and Dresden to encourage the use
of fish.
By tlie inauguration of a campaign, then, having for its object the expansion of
the Canadian trade in fresh fish, on lines similar to that now going on in Great Bri-
tain and Germany, we would be not only helping a languishing national industry to
assume its rightful place alongside of others that are progressing by the proverbial
* leap and bound,' but we would have the added pleasure of knowing that a hardy race
of seamen from which our future naval force will have to draw its raw material is
being maintained and increased.
The intention of the writer, as stated at the beginning, has been to simply arouse
interest in, and create discussion on the backward condition of our Atlantic fisheries
by the presentation of a few facts, and to point to a possible means of progress.
The question as to how a ' fish for food campaign ' may be organized, and as to
who should undertake the initation of it is left to be evolved in the course of the dis-
cussions to whiph it is hoped this article may give rise.
1 GEORGE V.
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
A. 191 I
APPENDIX No. 1.
EXPENDITURE AND REVENUE.
The total expenditure for all fisheries services, except civil government, for the
fiscal year ending March 31, 1910, including fishing bounty, amounted to $1,149,-
577.07.
The total net fisheries revenue, during the same period, for rents, license fees,
fines and sales, including the viodus vivendi licenses to United States vessels, amounted
to $85,070.56.
Services.
Salaries and Disbursenients Fishery Officers
Fish-breeding
Fisheries Protection Service
Fishing Bounty
Miscellaneous Fisheries
Total
Expenditure.
Vote.
173,271 52
180,345 65
25)5,443 47
155,221 85
345,294 58
195,780 00
322,300 00
304,200 00
100,000 00
402,125 00
1,149,577 07 1.444,405 00
The following summary shows the salaries and disbursements of the fishery officers
in the several provinces, together with expenses for maintenance of fish breeding estab-
lishments throughout Canada, and the Fisheries Protection Service. Details will be
found in the Auditor General's report under ths proper headings.
SALARIES AND DISBURSEMENTS FISHERY OFFICERS DETAILED.
Officers.
Province.
Salaries.
Disburse-
ments.
GUARinANS.
Wages. I Exi^enses.
cts. ' § cts. ' 8 cts. .? cts.
General Account
Ontario . . 3,
4,
6,
9
3,
2,
1,
Quebec
New Brunswick
Nova Scotia
Prince Kdward Island
Manitoba
Saskatchewan
All)erta
British Columbia
Yukon
Total Expenditure.
22—1
600
212
578
833
201
.551
875
386
308
206
1,016
3,060
10,330
18,138
2,153
r^5
2,088
154
4,iJ25
148
24 . .
95 1
13 23,
281 18,
19 3,
613 00
079 14
572 77
746 83
257 60
083 41
530 72
457 07
905 53
783 51
23 40
177 46
735 50
1,427 38
4,866 47
3,466 71
56 85
Miscella- j
neous.
3,910 03
190 02
416 80
22 50
57 50
174 00
8,752 16i
Total.
3,010 OS
4,830 86
7,>'80 85
41,188 19
46,.5!tO 66
;9,390 08
5,223 82
6,474 57
7,938 22
37,509 01
2,316 63
$173,271 52
MARINE AND FISHERIES
FISH-BREEDING DETAILED.
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
Hatcheries.
Ontario.
Newcastle. . .
Ottawa
Quinte Pond
Sandwich . . . .
Sarnia
Wiarton
Quebec.
Chelsea Pond
Gaspe
LacTremblant. . .
Lake Lester
Magog
Port Daniel
St. Alexis
Tadoussac
Magdalen Islands .
Neiv BrunsiiH'ck.
Miramichi
Restigouche . .
St. John Pond.
11 River.
Shippegan
Sheiriogue
Nova Scotia.
Bay View
Bedford
Canso
Eourchu Pond .
Margaree
Windsor
Prince Edward Island.
Charlottetown ,
Kelly's Pond . .
Georgetown . . .
Manitoba.
Berens River.
Selkirk
Winnipegosis.
J}i iti^h Columbia.
Babine
Eraser River . .
Granite Creek.
Harrison Lake.
Pemberton ....
Rivers Inlet. . .
Skeena River. .
Stewart Lake .
General Account
Total Expenditure.
Salaries.
Total
Maintenance E.xpenditure
of Hatchery.
$ cts.
1,500 00
1,730 00
1,150 00
850 00
1,550 00
1,150 00
450 00
700 00
850 00
"46606
950 00
1,000 00
2,021 25
333 33
1,120 82
1,500 00
1,080 00
800 00
825 00
943 33
1,000 00
1,000 00
1,100 00
1,100 00
1,200 00
1,000 00
1,000 00
1,100 00
1,000 00
967 44
$ cts.
1,622 69
783 63
475 67
6,728 39
1,221 26
4,902 66
84 50
1,127 21
386 71
1,204 07
1,606 59
2,3R2 77
999 97
3,381 74
3,618 75
2,722 47
2,381 54
6,791 78
605 58
1,639 55
2,486 43
2,567 83
622 55
3,250 51
488 48
4,402 42
1,010 48
2,221 32
861 10
4,2.32 08
5,523 62
2,315 85
4,604 06
7,065 27
5,113 77
8,555 02
1,186 30
8,606 63
5,988 35
4.595 10
7,236 91
11,272 87
$ cts.
3,122 69
2,613 63
475 67
7,878 39
2.071 26
6,452 66
84 50
2,277 21
836 71
1,904 07
2,456 59
2,382 77
1,399 97
4,3.31 74
3,618 75
Total
E.xpenditure
in Provinces
3,722 47
4,402 79
7,125 11
1,726 40
1,639 55
2,486 43
2,567 83
2,122 55
3,250 51
488 48
5,482 42
1,810 48
2,221 32
1,686 10
4,232 08
5,523 62
3,259 18
5,604 06
8,065 27
6,213 77
9,6.55 02
12,386 30
9,606 63
6,988 35
5,695 10
8,236 91
12,240 31
22,614 30
19,292 31
21,102 75
15,722 27
8,139 50
14,386 86
66,847 35
12,240 31
180,345 65
EXPENDITURE AND REVENUE
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
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MARINE AND FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
Miscellaneous Fisheries.
Building Fishways
Canadian Fisheries Exhibit
Cold Storage
Distributing Fishing Bounty
Dogfish Reduction works
Fishery Comnnssion
Fisheries Pro. Ser. Cruiser Pacific Coast
Georgian Bay Laboratory
International Fisheries Commission
Legal and incidental expenses
Marine Biological Stations.
Oyster Culture
Transportation Fresh Fish ,
Services W. S. Young, '08 ...... .
Services customs officers issuing licenses U. S. vessels .
Services officers re Fish. Intelligence Bureau
Services W. S. Young, '09
Salary special guardian McKenzie
Less credit balance Souris Fish Drier, P.E.I.
Total net expenditure 315,294 58
$ cts.
3,992 25
3,228 51
14,504 98
5,045 5&
33,593 20
6,733 74
218,585 60
1,426 87
1,094 67
1,412 28
12,959 92
4,2S4 48
38,263 16
100 00
628 22
370 26
100 00
125 00
346,298 70
1,004 12
EXPENDITURE AND REVENUE 5
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
Statement of Fisheries Revenue paid to the Credit of the Receiver General of Canada
for the fiscal year ended March 31, 1910.
Provinces.
Ontario
Quelx'c . .
?sova Scotia
New Brunswick
Prince Edward Ibland
Manitoba
Siiskatchewan
Albt-rta
Hudson Bay Territory
British Columbia
Yukon
Modus Vivendi Licenses.
Amount
collected.
Refniids,
Net Amount.
I
Ct6.
1,520 75
4,953 46
3,845 81
13,044 88
2,359 93
3,902 88
1,209 44
703 00
301 83
41,804 80
457 00
ets.
$ cts.
1,520 75
4,947 46
3,821 81
13,044 88
2,359 93
3,902 88
1,209 44
703 00
301 83
41,864 80
457 00
10,876 78
Net total.
85,070 56
MARINE AXD FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
CoMPARATiF Statement of Expenditure and Revenue of the
1 General Account Fisheries.
2 Ontario . . . .
3 Quebec
4 New Brunswick
5 Nova Scotia
6 Prince Edward Island
7 Manitoba and N. W. Terr. ,
British Columbia
Fish-breeding and fishways.
Fisheries Protection Service.
Miscellaneous
1890-91.
Expenditure
$ cts.
15,540 30
10,666 98
16,082 77
17,844 19
3,242 25
3,609 03
4,220 53
39,496 45
83,0.50 16
13,382 28
Totals.
Fishing bounties .
207,234 94
105,967 22
Revenue.
$ cts.
1891-92.
Expenditure
$ cts.
26,517 70
3,642 14
7,193 69
5,582 65
667 00
1,234 00
12,859 02
1,286 50
1,934 49
60,917 19
15,155 83
10,917 36
15,707 98
18,755 86
1,835 65
3,593 43
6,158 17
43,957 74
93,397 40
17,449 06
226,928 48
156,892 25
Revenue.
$ cts.
25,368 90
4,742 76
6,334 83
3,357 42
1G6 00
1,079 00
8,192 48
178 00
49,719 39
1892-93.
Expenditure
$ cts.
20,116 91
11,761 34
15,721 05
19,444 22
2,847 60
3,932 96
5,490 60
47,322 49
106,805 39
100,602 14
334,044 70
159,752 15
Revenue.
$ cts.
30,623 09
7,471 70
7,831 53
6,782 02
304 10
1,661 68
40,264 00
94,938 12
Quebec
New Brunswick
Nova Scotia
Prince Edward Island
Manitoba
N. W. Territories
British Columbia.
Yukon
Hudson Bay Territory
Fish-breeding
Fisheries Protection Service.
Miscellaneous. .
Totals
Fishing bounties .
1897-98.
2,389 66
19,239 34
11,140 16
17,063 58
21,683 91
6,775 78
1,206 26
2,324 66
8,508 79
28,002 32
101,807 96
59,919 56
280,061 98
157,504 00
30,574 57
7,571 15
5,317 08
11,511 85
2,707 57
1,515 00
393 87
47,864 75
107,455 84
1898-99.
2,632 12
11,784 22
11,350 27
22,922 50
25,348 11
6,832 85
1,883 37
4,065 68
8,459 47
34,522 57
105,133 27
23,207 73
427,599 16
159,459 00
5,830 85
6,287 71
10,430 08
6,668 22
2,242 24
1,.537 85
150 50
45,801 75
75,949 20
1899-00.
652 41
3,804 94
5,452 41
21,659 94
27,461 91
7,364 30
1,723 59
3,848 25
13,662 17
38,070 12
97,370 11
31,125 67
411,717 35
160,000 00
794 12
2,543 04
12,015 27
5,494 49
2,207 12
2,028 00
1,522 50
53,195 35
79,799
General Account Fislieries . .
Ontario
Quebec
New Brunswick
Nova Scotia
Prince Edward Island
Manitoba
Alberta
Saskatchewan
N. W. Territories
British Columbia
Yukon
Hudson Bay Territory
Fish-breeding
Fisheries Protection Service.
Miscellaneous
Totals
Fishing bounties.
Grand Totals.
1904-05.
1,314 75
4,294 60
6,769 16
2.5,253 16
32,619 85
6,879 05
2,800 64
7,003 55
16,631 37
1,400 00
1,471 51
4,648 86
11,887 19
6,448 88
2,046 50
4,875 70
1905-06.
2,261 66
4,949 67
8,123 04
35,856 38
49,351 10
9,351 81
3,687 07
149,419 24
462,082 12
105,892 97
822,360 46
157,228 24
1,151 50
47,436 00
340 00
10 00
10,472 00
90,988 14
11,124 22
30,141 33
1,083 31
209,279 78
249,876 37
194,993 61
499 15
7,564 39
11,395 84
4,934 43
2,206 25
4,148 00
8()8 97
51,532 50
282 00
10 00
14,568 16
98,009 69
1906-07.
1,437 28
3,188 34
5, .590 94
24,987 70
24,989 09
5,792 32
2,173 33
6,359 22
20,381 97
1,030 35
118,681 62
204,837 82
115,219 92
534,669 90
159,015 75
349 10
8,145 97
9,153 08
3, lis 73
1,300 {)4
969 50
29,903 95
173 00
10 00
4,134 00
59.544 25
EXPENDITURE AND REVENUE
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
Fisheries Department from July 1, 1890, to March, 31, 1910.
1893-94.
1894-95.
1895-96.
1896-97.
c
Expenditure
Revenue.
Expenditure
Revenue.
Expenditure
Revenue.
Expenditure
Revenue.
J
1
$ cts.
S cts.
$ cts.
•S cts.
§ cts.
.? cts.
? cts.
2,198 47
21,.592 40
12,910 80
21,671 92
23,682 33
3,744 36
r 1,908 14
\ 2,181 58
8,841 64
27,330 73
§ cts.
"32, 814 66'
7,876 12
10,110 77
5,239 55
2,032 25
1,719 00
344 13
39,888 82
1
22,634 37
11,692 82
18,.522 94
20,420 81
3,078 55
5,331 29
5,283 21
45,024 67
2S,632 82
7,211 82
8,3;« 24
5,296 27
980 15
926 99
25,337 90
21,938 56
12,459 .34
21,370 94
23.555 38
3,79(i 58
6,178 71
6,218 74
39,730 93
100,207 29
33,211 60
8,836 18
11,170 36
7,075 07
3,312 30
2,458 80
23,517 25
24,917 48
11,S70 43
20,526 56
23.049 41
3,555 87
6,915 20
6,226 77
38.050 41
102,021 72
20,203 25
35,681 68
8.160 98
10,696 88
6,180 93
2.161 85
2,256 69
26,410 75
2
3
4
6
6
7
8
9
115,147 59
99,357 01
62,777 30
10
34,892 19
24,619 86
n
282,028 44
158,794 54
76,719 19 260,076 33
160.089 42
89,581 56
257,237 10
163,567 99
91,549 76
289,197 01
154,389 77
100,025 30
1900-01.
1901-02.
1,117 49
3,819 57
7,9.34 03
28,4.52 51
35,760 39
7,934 03
2,6'i9 74
6,251 39
17,836 36
717 35
4,738 92
10,1.50 40
6,595 94
1,525 30
1,103 00
1,222 55
52,960 33
68,961 40
124,211 21
27,833 79
333,767 07
158,802 50
9,178 50
3,145 11
765 78
4,445 93
6,242 58
23,813 62
32,618 00
7,814 02
2,624 87
5,928 22
18,560 73
2,066 66
373 42
2,408 a5
11,653 34
6,084 65
1,843 45
2,279 00
950 07
41,178 65
1,130 00
79,891 35
152,723 69
56,131 26
11,223 65
393,627 21
155,942 00
79,169 58
1902-03.
1903-04.
402 97
4,650 53
6,785 86
27,132 84
39,118 79
7,081 00
3,129 70
7,076 26
17,808 45
1,522 00
77,330 86
145,137 49
30,903 27
368,091 12
159,853 50
1,818 83
4,379 15
11,188 02
3,962 45
2,007 35
1,784 00
1,350 50
43,015 02
320 00
8,925 40
78,635 82
1,362 11
4,500 43
7,619 67
27,664 34
30,003 01
7,320 96
2,789 74
7,317 49
15,133 65
1,400 00
109,286 07
204,654 66
56,828 18
475,880 31
158,943 70
2,578
4,670
10,593
3,685
1,983
4,002
922
56,904
240
10
20 15
75 1 16
42 17
70 18
50 19
34 20
00 21
00 22
23
24
10,165 50 25
y5,756 53
1907-08.
1908 09.
1909-10.
3,1.35 91
4,S57 23
8,200 02
.36,445 88
45,241 50
9,455 80
4,638 51
12,718 15
31,964 83
1,226 .30
235,6r.6'28
22.-, 279 96
181,267 38
9.56,196 23
156,114 50
458 00
6,185 63
11,541 20
4,470 45
3,013 85
3.527 05
1,151 10
48,737 55
274 00
360 00
395 15
4,751 36
4,784 23
7,895 53
3,S,904 12
44,601 04
8,410 25
3,945 73
5,713 80
6,591 20
35,139 58
1,019 50
190, .563 19
242,601 14
19(i,808 02
791,728 69
159,999 !K)
.1 951,728 59
770 78
6,797 91
12,385 14
5,369 70
2,393 66
3,704 22
915 00
1,085 50
3,910 03
4,836 86
7,886 85
41,188 19
46,590 66
9, .396 08
5,223 82
7,9.38 22
6,474 57
1,620 75
4,947 46
13,014 88
3,821 81
2,359 93
3,962 88
703 00
1,209 44
39,251 65
228 00
20 00
9,794 00
37,509 61
2,316 63
180,34.5 65
295,443 47
345,249 58
41,804 80
457 00
501 83
994,3.55 22
155,221 85
82,715 .56 1,149.577 07
10,876 78
85,070 56
MARINE AND FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
APPENDIX No. 2.
FISHING BOUNTIES.
The payments made for this service are under the authority of the Revised
Statutes, 1906, chap. 46, intituled: 'An Act to encourage the development of the Sea
Fisheries and the building of fishing vessels,' which provides for the payment of the sum
of $160,000 annually, under regulations tu be made from time to time by the Governor
General in Council.
REGULATIONS.
The regulations governing the payinent of fishing bounties were established by the
following Order in Council ; —
At the Government House at Ottawa.
Tuesday, the 30th day of June, 1908.
Present :
His Excellency the Governor General in Council.
Whereas, in view of the llevision of the Statutes of Canada in 1906, it is necessary
that the regulations governing the payment of fishing bounties which were adopted by
Order in Council on the 10th December, 1897, be readopted under chapter 46 of the
Revised Statutes of Canada, 1906, ' The Deep Sea Fisheries Act' ;
And whereas new conditions require certain changes in the existing regulations in
order to establish a better interpretation of the bounty system ;
Therefore His Excellency the Governor General in Council is pleased to order that
the regulations established by the Order in Council of the 10th December, 1897, under
the provisions of the Bounty Act of 1891, 54 55 Victoria, chapter 42, shall be and the
same are hereby rescinded and the following substituted therefor : —
1. Resident Canadian fishermen who have been engaged in deep-sea fishing in
Canadian vessels or boats for fish other than shell fish, salmon and shad, or fish taken
in rivers or mouths of rivers, for at least three months, and have caught not less than
2,500 pounds of sea fish shall be entitled to a bounty ; provided always that no bounty
shall be paid to men fishing in' boats measuring less than 13 feet keel, and not more
than 3 men (the owner included) will be allowed as claimants in boats under 20 feet.
2. No bounty shall be paid upon fish caught in trap-nets, pound-nets and weirs,
nor upon the fish caught in gill-nets fished by persons who are pursuing other occupa-
tions than fishing, and who devote merely an hour or two daily to fishing these nets
but are not, as fishermen, steadily engaged in fishing.
3. Only one claim will be allowed in each season, even though the claimant may
have fished in two vessels, or in a vessel and a boat or in two boats.
4. The owners of boats measuring not less than 13 feet keel, whether propelled by
oars, sails or other motive power, which have been engaged during a period of not less
than three months in deep-sea fishing for fish other than shell-fish, salmon or shad, or
fish taken in rivers, or mouths of rivers, shall be entitled to a bounty on each such boat.
5. Canadian registered vessels, owned and fitted out in Canada, of ten tons and
upwards (up to 80 tons), by whatever means propelled, contained within themselves
which have been exclusively engaged during a peri'^d of not less than three months in
the catch of sea fish other than shell-fish, salmon or shad, or fish taken in rivers, or
mouths of rivers, shall be entitled to a bounty to be calculated on the registered tonnage
which shall be paid to the owner or owners.
FISHIXG BOU\TIES 9
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
6. Owners or masters of vessels intending to fish and claim bounty on their vessels
must, before proceeding on a fishing voyage, procure a license from the nearest Collector
of Customs or Fishery Overseer, said license to be attached to the claim when sent in
for payment.
7. The date when a vessel's fishing operations shall be considered as having begun,
shall be the day upon which she sails from port on her fishing voyage, after the liceme
has been procured, and the date upon which her fishing season shall end, shall be the
day upon which she arrives in port from her last fishing voyage prior to the lat December.
The three months during which a vessel must have been engaged in fishing, to be
entitled to the bounty, shall not include such periods as she may have been lying in
port, provided that not more than three days may be permitted for the sale, transfer
or discharge of her cargo of fish and refitting.
i^. Dates and localities of fishing must be stated in the claim, as well as the quantity
and kinds of sea fish caught.
9. Ages of men must be given. Boys under 14 years of age are not eligible as
claimants.
10. Claims must be sworn to as true and correct in all their particulars.
1 1. Claims must be filed on or before the 30th November in each year.
12 Officers authorized to receive claims will supply the requisite blanks free of
charge, and after certifying the same will transmit them to the Department of Marine
and Fisheries.
13. No claim in which an error has been made by the claimant or claimants shall
be amended after it has been signed and sworn to as correct.
14. Any person or persons detected makins: returns that are false or fraudulent in
any particular, may be debarred from any further participation in the bounty, and be
liable to be prosecuted according to the utmost rigour of the law.
15. The amount of the bounty to be paid to fishermen and owners of boats and
vessels will be fixed from time to time by the (^xovernor in Council.
16. All vessels fishing under bounty license, are required to carry a distinguishing
flag, which must be shown at all times during the fishing voyage at the main top mast
head. The fiag must be four feet square in equal parts of red and white, joined diag-
onally from corner to corner. Any case of neglect to carry out this regulation reported
to the Department of Marine and Fisheries, will entail the loss of the bounty, unless
satisfactory reasons are given for its non-compliance.
RODOLPHE BOUDREAU,
Clerk oj the Privy Council.
The bounty for the year 1909 was distributed on the basis authorized by the follow-
ing Order in Council approved by the Governor General on the 24th January, 1910.
His Excellency in Council is pleased to order, and it is herby ordered that the sum
of one hundred and sixty thousand dollars, payable under the provisions of chapter 46
of the Revised Statutes of Canada, 1900, intituled : 'An Act to encourage the develop-
ment of the Sea Fisheries and the building of fishing vessels,' be distributed for the
year 1909-1910, upon the following basis : —
Vessels : The owners of the vessels entitled to receive bounty shall be paid one
dollar (.^l) per registered ton, provided, however, that the payment to the owner of any
one vessel shall n<jt exceed the sum of eighty dollars (8^0), and all vessel fishermen
entitled to receive bounty shall be paid the sum of seven dollars and fifty cents (•"??. 50)
each.
Boats : Fishermen engaged in fishing in boats, who shall also have complied with
the regulation entitling them to receive bounty, shall be paid the sum of four dollars
and twenty-five cents (84 .25) each, and the owners of fishing boats shall be paid one
dollar (-81) per boat.
F'. K. BENNETTS,
Ansist. Clfrk of the Privy Council.
10
MARINE AND FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
There were received during the year 1909, 13,011 claims, being a decrease of 961
as compared with 1908.
The number paid during the year was 12,956, being 885 less than the previous
year.
The amount of bounty paid to vessels and their crews was $57,631 .50, and to boats
and boat fishermen $97,590.35 or a total of $155,221 .85 during the year.
Vessels to the number of 874 received the bounty, the aggregate tonnage being
20,195 tons, a decrease of 51 vessels and 2,011 tons, compared with 1908.
During the year bounty was paid to 12,082 boats and 20,129 boat fishermen, being
828 boats and 1,540 men, less than in 1908.
Detailed Statement of Fishing Bounty Claims received and paid during the year 1909.
Province.
County.
Number of Claims.
Received .
Rejected.
Held in
abeyance .
P.aid.
170
136
503
i'
4
170
Antigonish
Cape Breton
Cumberland
DJErbv . .
135
499
414
1,046
1,385
2
7
414
Guysborough
Halifax
1,044
4
1,374
Inverness
Kings
Lunenburg
Pictou
Queens
393
45
989
53
194
708
710
335
195
1
392
1
44
4
985
53
i
194
Kichtnond
Slielburne
Victoria
707
710
1
334
195
Totals
Charlotte
Gloucester
Kent
7,276
22
4
7,250
364
381
32
13
4
40
[
364
4
377
32
Northumberland
Restigouche
St. John ....
Totals
Kings
13
4
40
834
4
830
Prince Edward Island. .
379
389
109
379
1
4
388
Queens
Totals
105
877
5
872
Bonaventure
Quebec
748
2,361
125
790
6
9
742
Gaspe
Rimouski
2,352
5
125
Saguenay
Totals
Grand totals
785
4,024
15
5
4,004
13,011
46
9
12,956
FISHINO BOUNTIES
11
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
Dktailkd .Statkmicst of Fishing Bounties paid to Vessels in each County during the
Y. jir rJ09.
Province.
County.
Number
of
Vessels.
Tonnage.
Average
Tonnage.
Number
of
Men.
Amount
Paid.
AnnajKjlis
4
4
19
134
56
349
33-50
14-
18-37
32
10
76
$ cts.
374 00
Antigonish
131 00
Cai)e Breton
919 00
I>igby
Guysborough
Halifa.x
Hants
37
61
56
872
914
1,294
•23-56
14-98
23-10
244
256
310
2,701 75
2,S34 00
3,619 00
Inverness
Kings
Lunenburg
Pictou
Queens
Richmond
26
1
108
1
3
40
150
13
C8
347
15
7,531
16
41
839
2,034
181
1,557
13 -34
15-
C9-73
16-
13-67
20-97
13 56
13-92
22-89
104
2
1,642
2
H
18.3
611
G4
3G9
1,127 OO
30 00
lf,837 75
31 00
146 00
2,211 50
Shelburne
G,616 50
Victoria
Yarmouth
Totals
Charlotte
Gloucester
Kent
Northumberland
Restigouche . . .
661 00
4,323 00
591
16,180
27-37
3,919
45,562 50
New Brunswick ...
43
184
8
8
713
2,381
83
85
16 58
12 94
10-37
10-62
15^1
727
18
25
1,867 LO
7,833 50
218 00
272 50
St. John
4
82
20-50
11
161 50
Totals
Kings
Prince
247
18
6
6
3,344
935
10,356 00
Prince Erlward Island. .
330
147
95
13 54
24 50
15-83
61
28
24
787 50
357 00
Queens
275 00
Totals . . .
30
572
19 -OG
113
1,419 50
Bonaventure ....
Quebec
1
Gaspe
Riniouski
Saguenay
Totals
5
71
14-20
24
251 00
1
28
28-
2
42 50
6
99
16-50
26
293-50
Grand totals
874
20,195
2310
4,993
57,631 50
12
MARINE AND FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
Detailed Statement of Fishing Bounties paid to Boats in each County during the
Year 1909, showing also total amount paid to Vessels and Boats for the Year.
Province.
County.
Number
of
Boats.
Number
of
Men.
Amount
paid.
Total
Bounty paid
to Vessels
and Boats in
1909.
Annapolis
166
131
480
267
180
847
$ cts.
1,304 65
901 25
4,078 35
V' 1 M
.$ cts.
I,(i78 65
Antigonish
Cape Breton
1,032 25
4,997 35
Digby
Guysborough
Halifax
377
983
1,318
650
1,502
1,792
3,138 10
7,366 50
8,930 60
5,839 85
10,200 50
12,549 60
Inverness
Kings
Lunenburg
366
43
877
52
191
667
560
321
127
607
66
1,096
80
310
1,097
877
504
228
3,i97 85
323 50
5,535 00
392 00
1,508 50
5,328 9(t
4,287 25
2,462 65
1,096 00
4,324 8.5
353 50
25,372 75
Pictou
Queens
4-23 00
1,654 50
Richmond
Shelburne
7,510 40
10.903 75
Victoria ...
3,123 65
5,419 00
Totals
Charlotte
Gloucester
Kent
Northumberland . .
Restigouche
St. John
6,659
10,163
49,851 10
95,413 GO
New Brunswick
321
193
24
5
4
36
467
486
37
8
7
64
2,304 70
2,257 45
181 25
39 00
33 75
308 00
4,172 20
10,090 95
399 25
311 50
33 75
472 60
Totals
583
1,069
5,124 15
15,480 15
Kings
Prince
Prince Edward .
361
382
99
572
792
219
2,786 40
3,738 20
1,029 75
3,573 90
4,095 20
Queens
Totals
1,304 75
842
742
2,347
125
784
1,5S3
1,235
4,554
190
1,335
7,554 35
5,982 00
2,169 70
933 50
6,454 55
8,973 85
Quebec
Bona; venture
Gaspe
Rimouski
5,982 00
21,941 70
933 50
iSaguenay
Totals
6,497 06
3,998
7,314
35,060 75
35,354 25
Grand totals. .
12,082
20,129
97,590 35
155,221 85
FISUIXG BOUNTIEfi 13
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
GENERAL STATISTICS.
The fishing bounty was first paid in 1882.
The payments were made each year on the following basis :
1882, vessels $2 per ton, one half to the owner and the other half to the crewp,
boats at the rate of $5 per man, one-fifth to the owner and four-fifths to the men.
1883, vessels 82 per ton, and boats $2.50 per man, distributed as in 1882.
1884, vessels $2 per ton as in 1882 and 1883.
Boats from 14 to 18 feet keel 81 00
18 to 25 M 1 50
II 25 feet keel upwards 3 00
1885, 1886 and 1887, vessels $2 per ton as in previous years, Beats measuring 13
feet keel having been admitted in 1885, the rates were ; — Boats from 13 to 18 feet keel,
$1 ; from 18 to 25 feet keel, 81 .50 ; from 25 feet keel upwards, 82, and fisnermen 83
each.
1888, vessels 81 -50 per ton, one half each to owner and crew. Boats, the same as
1885, 1886 and 1887.
1889, 1890 and 1891, vessels 81.50 per ton as in 1888. Boats 81 each. Boat
fishermen 83.
1892, vessels 83 per ton, one half each to owner and crew. Boats 81 each. Boat
fishermen 83.
1893, vessels 82 . 90 per ton, paid as fermerly. Boats 81 each. Boat fishermen 83.
1894, vessels 82.70 per ton, distributed as in previous years. Boats 81 each. Boat
fishermen 83.
1895, vessels 82.60 per ton, half each to owner and crew. Boats 81 each. Boat
fishermen 83.
1896, vessels 81 per ton, which was paid to the owners, and vessel fishermen 85
each, clause No. 5 of the regulation having been amended accordingly. Boats 81 each,
and boat fishermen -3.50 per man.
Vessels.
1897...
...81
00]
per ton.
1898...
00
u
1899...
00
i(
1900..
00
l(
1901...
00
((
1902...
00
(f
1903 ..
00
((
1904..
00
((
1905..
00
((
1906...
00
l(
1907..
00
l(
1908..
00
((
1909..
00
(1
Men.
Boats.
Men.
^6 00
each.
81
00 each.
83
50 each
6 50
u
00
3
50 "
7 00
1(
00
3
50 "
6 50
u
00
3
50 "
7 00
((
00
3
50 "
7 25
It
00
3
80 "
7 30
((
00
3
90 "
7 15
<(
00
3
75 "
7 10
<(
00
3
65 "
7 10
II
00
3
75 "
7 40
"
00
4
00 "
7 25
(I
00
3
90 "
7 50
It
00
4
25 "
Since 1882, 23,336 vessels, totalling a tonnage of 773,894 tons, have received the
bounty. The total number of vessel fiishermen which receive bounto is 171,962, being
•an average of about 7 men per ^vessel.
The total number of boats to which bounty was paid since 1882 is 374,966, and
the number of fishermen 675,344. Average number of men per boat about 2.
14
MARINE AND FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
The hij4hes bounty paid per head to vessel fishermen was $21.75 in 1893 : the
lowest 83 cents, while the highest to boat fishermen was $4.25, the lowest $2.
Comparative Statement by Provinces for the Year 1882 to 1900, inclusive, showing : —
(1) Total nuirber of fishing Bounty Claims received and paid by the Department
of Marine and Fisheries.
Year.
Nova Scotia.
New Brunswick.
P. E. Island.
Quebec.
Total.
Received.
Paid.
Received.
Paid.
Received.
Paid.
Received.
Paid.
Received.
Paid,
1382 . . .
6,730
6,613
1,2.57
1,142
1,169
1,100
3,162
8,117
12,318
11,972
1883...
7,171
7,076
1,693
1,679
1,138
1,106
3,602
3,325
13,004
13,080
1884...
7,007
6,930
1,252
1,224
923
885
3,470
3,429
12,052
12,403
1885 . . .
7,64G
7,599
1,009
1,588
1,117
1,025
3,943
3,912
14,315
14,124
1886...
7,639
7,702
1,767
1,763
1,131
1,080
4,275
4,355
14,812
14,900
1887 . . .
8,202
8,227
1,975
1,958
1,201
1,126
4,138
4,105
15,576
15,416
1888 . . .
8,481
8,429
2,065
2,026
1,153
834
4,328
4,310
16,027
15, .599
1889 . . .
8,816
8,523
2.428
2,392
1,211
1,511
4,664
4,652
17,119
17,078
1890 . . .
9,337
9,429
2,522
2,469
1,352
1,257
4,860
4,804
18.071
17,959
1891 . . .
10,242
10,003
2,831
2,084
1,482
1,446
5,108
4,913
19,663
18,506
1892...
8,272
8,186
1,007
1,001
1,005
1,051
4,425
4,204
14,829
14,442
1893 . . .
7,926
7,844
907
881
1,027
1,012
4,059
3,898
13,979
13,6.35
1894 . . .
8,640
8,600
925
911
983
963
3,948
3,876
14,496
14,350
1895 . . .
8,835
8,825
979
975
1,009
1,025
3,904
3,955
14,727
14,780
1896 . . .
8,507
8,562
1,137
1,064
1,111
1,120
4,366
4,229
15,211
14,975
1897 . . .
8,450
8,418
1,042
991
1,175
1,171
4,180
4,149
14,847
14,729
1893 . . .
8,440
8,347
934
917
1,143
1,145
4,156
4,092
14,679
14, .501
1899 . . .
7,894
7,754
849
825
1,016
917
4,134
4,102
13,893
13,628
1900...
7,484
7,4.52
904
904
1,119
1,169
4,264
4,251
13,771
13,776
1901 . . .
7,346
7,344
829
826
941
937
4,277
4,267
13,393
13,374
1902 . . .
6,710
6,671
802
794
913
912
4,. 371
4,340
12,790
12,723
1903 . . .
0,297
6,284
833
830
978
974
4,110
4,090
12,217
12,178
1904. .
6,750
6,732
879
866
1,027
994
4,095
4,079
12,751
12,671
1905 . . .
7,034
7,018
881
873
921
921
4,350
4,-329
13,180
13,141
1!)06 . . .
7,431
7,415
930
923
918
916
4,251
4,249
13,533
13,503
1907 . . .
7,124
7,087
904
895
],000
984
4,239
4,227
13,267
13,193
1903...
7,690
7,64f)
1,002
988
1,030
993
4,250
4,212
13,972
13,841
1909 . . .
7,27C
7,25C
83^
830
877
872
29,476
4,024
4,004
13,011
12,956
Totals.
219, 53(
. 2 8,02,^
30,0!JC
34,.519
30,130
116,9.5J
115,481
402,715
397,504
FISHING BOUNTIES
15
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
(^2) NuMBKR of vessels, tonnage and number of men which received Bounty in each year.
Nova Scotia.
New
Brunswick.
P.
3. Islan'o.
<
^UEBBC
4
538
Total.
Year.
T.
6>
e
d
to
'a!
o i
§>
a
s
6
JO
6>
5zi
0)
s
§
d
6>
J?;
i
s
a
i
s
§
i
"SIS
d
1882....
588
22,841
5,343
120
2,171
531
15
389
74
63
2,210
786
27,611
6,486
1883....
700 29,788
6,238
126
2,102
496
16
450
66
62
2,236
443
904
34,576 7,243
1884....
700 29,828
6,327
139
2,289
560
16
582
92
56
1.965
382
911
34,664 7,361
1886....
G29 27,709
5,897
128
2,120
49^
19
597
113
55
1,791
317
831
32,217
6,823
1886....
562
25,375
5,022
145
2,628
520
32
1,071
215
52
1,730
320
791
30,804
6,077
1887....
566
24,520
4,900
154
2,889
563
38
1,677
338
54
1,883
334
812
30,969
6,135
1888....
589
26,008
5,450
150
2,545
544
37
1,245
249
51
1,842
388
827
31,640
6,631
1889....
597
27,123
5,684
153
2,590
565
35
1,274
239
48
1,729
330
833
32,716
6,818
1890....
540
23,955
4,935
133
2,129
447
32
1,002
203
34
1,182
220
7S9
28,268
5,805
1891....
527
22,780
4,618
124
2,051
411
27
778
155
27
924
168
705
26,533
5,352
1892....
507
22,279
4,611
108
1,683
343
30
983
139
23
803
159
668
25,748
5,252
1893....
536
23,195
4,780
210
2,922
634
27
910
151
32
952
179
805
27,979
5,744
1894....
602
24,735
5,077
238
3,189
721
21
594
114
38
1,066
178
899
29,584
6,090
1895....
603
25,018
5,184
238
3,107
764
27
769
129
39
1,262
173
907
30,156
6,250
189G....
553
23,415
4,607
250
3,337
800
23
656
114
36
1,143
144
862
28,551
5,665
1897....
507
21,323
4,829
239
3,079
816
20
490
109
n
833
116
790
25,725
5,870
1898....
505
20,868
4,840
239
3,155
859
24
561
125
16
524
77
784
25,108
5,901
1899....
519
22,538
5,323
238
3,131
885
15
373
76
17
497
78
789
26,539
6,362
1900. . . .
525
22,474
5,352
234
2,969
890
29
737
153
14
459
76
802
26,639
6,471
1901....
508 21,469
1
5,158
242
3,229
872
23
541
115
13
366
69
786
25,605
6,214
1902 ...
505 21,248
5,126
249
3,293
972
28
630
135
13
350
51
795
25,521
6,284
1903....
546 21,992
5,173
259
3,454
971
36
765
169
10
290
48
851
26,501
6,361
190t....
552 21,285
5,040
257
3,429
981
30
594
126
15
382
73
854
25,690
6,220
1905....
620 21,2J(
5,238
264
3,600
1,035
28
587
125
10
259
56
922
25,686
6,454
1906....
644 20,008
4,891
273
3,753
1,066
32
732
147
8
139
33
957
24,632
6,137
1907 ...
612 1 17,041
4,178
265
3,720
1,010
41
916
178
9
154
34
927
21,831
5,400
1908....
616 17,804
4,304
269
3,672
1,034
34
643
140
6
87
25
925
22,200 5,563
1909...
591 16,180
3,919
247
3,344
935
30
572
113
4,102
G
99
26
874
20,195
4,993
171,962
Totals..
16,049.644,039
142,104
5,691
81,580
20,721
765
21,118
831
27,157
5,035
23,3361773,894
1 1
16 MARINE AND FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
(3) Number of Boats and Boat Fishermen which received Bounty in each year.
Nova Scotia.
Nkw Bri
INSWICK.
P. K. I
MLAXI).
Quebec.
Total.
Ykab.
No. of
Boats.
No. of
Men.
No. of
Boats.
No. of
Men.
No. of
Boats.
No. of
Men.
No. of
Boats.
No. of
Men.
5,716
No. of
Boats.
11,225
No. of
Men.
1882
6,043
12,130
1,024
2,530
1,087
3,070
3,071
23,446
1883
6,458
13,553
1,453
3,309
1,098
3,106
3,266
6,188
12,275
26,156
1884
6,257
12,6G9
1,086
2,505
869
2,346
3,344
6,416
11,556
23,936
1885
6,970
13,396
1,460
3,254
1,006
2,606
3,857
7,485
13,293
26,741
1886
7,140
7,662
13,351
13,997
1,618
1,804
3,567
3,994
1,048
1,088
2,547
2,711
4,303
4,051
7,981
7,550
14,109
14,605
27,446
1887
28,252
1888
7,840
14,115
1,876
4,148
797
2,141
4,259
7,852
14,772
28,256
1889
7,926
14,118
2,2.37
5,032
1,475
3,568
4,602
8,807
16,240
31,525
1890
8,886
1.5,738
2,324
5,242
1,192
3,024
4,766
9,241
17,168
33,245
1891
9,525
16,552 .
1,928
4,126
1,383
3,427
4,865
9,402
17,701
33,507
1892
7,679
7,308
7,956
12,307
11,748
12,899
893
671
661
1,765
1,314
1,281
1,021
985
913
2,047
1,962
1,813
4,181
3,866
3,821
7,693
7,245
7,139
13,774
12,830
13,351
23,812
1893
22,269
1894
23,132
1895
8,222
13,106
737
1,434
998
2,141
3,916
7,877
13,873
24,558
1896
8,008
12,4.54
814
1,553
1,095
2,126
4,189
7,688
14,106
23,821
1897
7,911
12,542
752
1,351
1,151
2,147
4,125
7,572
13,939
23,612
1898
7,872
12,438
678
1,237
1,121
2,199
4,076
7,627
13,747
23,.501
1899
7,235
11,305
587
1,027
932
1,710
4,085
7,696
12,839
21,738
1900
6,927
6,836
10,645
10,464
670
584
1,184
1,001
1,140
914
2,108
1,735
4,2.'^7
4,254
8,004
8,017
12,974
12,588
22,031
1901
21,217
1902
6,166
9,442
545
966
884
1,6,38
4,333
8,180
11,928
20,226
190.3 .
5,738
8,775
571
964
938
1,722
4,080
7,688
11,327
19,149
1904
6,180
9,.556
609
1,082
964
1,792
4,064
7,648
11,817
20,078
1905
6,398
9,822
609
1,047
893
1,630
4,319
8,002
12,219
20,.501
1906
6,771
10,138
6.50
1,139
884
1,648
4,241
7,946
12,546
20,871
1907
6,475
9,739
630
1 158
943
1,750
4,218
7,873
12,266
20,520
1908
7,032
10,685
719
1,365
959
1,810
4,206
7,809
12,916
21,669
1909
6,659
10,163
583
1,069
842
1,583
3,998
7,314
12,082
20,129
T.)tals . . . .
202,080
337,847
28,773
59,644
28,620
62,187
114,593
215,656
374,066
675,344
Fl.sHIXG BOIXTIES
17
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
(4) Total Number of men receiving Bounty in each year.
18S2 . .
18S;!..
1884 .
1S.H5, .
1886 .
1887..
1888 .
1889 .
1890 .
1891 .
1892. .
1893..
1894 .
1895 .
1896..
1897..
1898 .
1899
190O
1901
1902
1903
1904.
1905.
1906
1907 .
1!»08 .
l'!09.
Yk.\k.
Nova Scotia.
New
Brunswick.
No. of Men. , No. of Mfn.
Totals.
17.473
19,791
18.996
19,293
18,373
18,897
19,565
19,802
20,673
21,170
16,918
16,528
17,976
18,290
17,061
17,371
17,278
16,628
15,997
15,622
14,568
13,948
14,596
1.5,060
15,029
13,917
1.5,049
14,082
479,951 I
3,061
3,805
3,065
3,750
4,087
4,557
4,692
5,597
5,689
4,537
2,108
1,948
2,002
2,198
2,353
2,167
2,096
1,912
2,074
1,873
1,938
1,935
2,063
2,082
2,205
2,168
2,399
2,004
80,365
P. E. Isi,ani).
No. of Men.
3,144
3,172
2,438
2,719
2,762
3,049
2,390
3,807
3,227
3,582
2,186
2,113
1,927
2,270
2,240
2,256
2,324
1,786
2,351
1,S50
1,773
1,891
1,918
1,755
1,795
1,928
1,950
1,696
Quebec.
No. of Men.
66,299
6,2.54
6,631
6,798
7,802
8,301
7,884-
8,240
9,137
9,461
9,570
7,852
7,424
7,317
8,050
7,832
7,688
7,704
7,774
8,080
8,086
8,231
7,736
7,721
8,058
7,979
7,9<i7
7,834
7,340
Total.
29,932
33,399
31,297
33,564
33,.523
34,387
34,887
38,343
39,050
38,859
29,064
28,013
29,222
30,808
29,486
29,482
29,402
28,100
28,502
27,431
26,510
25,510
26,298
26,955
27,008
25,920
25,122
220,691
847,306
18
MARIXE AND FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
(5) Total annual payments of fishing Bounty.
Year.
Nova Scotia.
1882
1883
1884
1885
1886
1887
1888
1889
1890
1891
1892
1893
1894
1895
1890
1897
1898
1899
1900
1901
1902
1903
1904
1905
1906
1907
1908
1909
Totals
$ cts.
106,098 72
89,432 50
104,934 09
103,999 73
98,789 54
99,622 03
89,778 90
90,142 51
91,235 64
92,377 42
109,410 39
108,060 67
111,460 03
110,765 27
98,048 95
102,083 50
103,730 00
106,598 50
101,448 00
101,024 50
100,455 70
99,714 15
99,286 44
100,664 35
99,518 80
93,381 70
98,156 20
95,413 60
New Brunswick.
2,805,631 83
P. E. Island.
$ cts.
16,997 00
12,395 20
13,576 OC
15,908 25
17,894 57
19,699 65
18,454 92
21,026 79
21,108 33
17,235 96
10,864 61
12,524 09 {
12,690 80 I
!
12,919 32 !
13,602 88
13,454 50
13,746 00
13,514 50
13,562 50
13,420 50
14,555 80
14,872 75
15,110 80
15,379 50
16,247 55
16,454 50
17,203 75
15,480 15
429,001 17
S cts
16,137 00
8,577 14
9,203 96
10,166 65
10,935 87
12,528 51
9.092 96
13,994 53
11,686 32
12,771 30
9,782 79
9,328 62
7,875 79
9,285 13
9,745 50
9,809 00
10,188 00
7,822 00
10,589 00
8,335 50
8,716 55
9,G52 50
9,179 35
8,317 20
8,839 40
10,175 95
9,708 90
8,973 85
281,419 27
Quebec.
$ cts.
33,052 75
19,940 01
28,004 93
31,464 76
33,283 61
31,907 73
32,858 75
33,362 71
34,210 72
34,507 17
29,694 35
28,320 72
28.040 18
30,598 27
32,992 44
32,157 00
31,795 00
32,065 00
33,203 00
33,161 50
36,125 45
34,704 30
33,651 65
34.185 60
34,410 00
36,102 35
34,931 05
35,354 25
904,085 25
Total.
$ cts.
172,285 47
130,344 85
155,718 98
161,539 39
160,903 59
163,757 92
150,185 53
158,526 54
158,241 01
156,891 85
159,752 14
158,234 10
160,066 80
163,567 99
154,389 77
157,504 00
159,459 00
160,000 00
158,802 50
155.942 00
159,853 50
158.943 70
157,228 24
158,546 65
159,015 75
150,114 50
159,999 90
155,221 85
4,421,037 52
FISHINO BOUNTIES
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
List of Vessels which received Fishing Bounty in the Year 1909-10.
PROVINCE OF NOVA SCOTIA.
ANNAPOLIS COUNTY.
19
s
■«
5E
O
Name of Vessel.
Port of Registry.
1
Name of Owner
or
Managing Owner.
Residence.
6
55
Amound of
Bounty paid.
121818
Albert J. Lutz
Charley Troop ....
t'alcon
Minnie C
Digbv
95 John 1). Apt
30 J. Mcliranahan
12 Ansel Casey
12 Stfiihpn Haviips..
Port Wade
Margaretville
Port Wade
Victoria Beach
22
1
5
3
$ ;ctb.
245 00
96759
88276
85533
.St. John
.St. Andrews. . . .
Dijf by
37 50
49 50
33 50
ANTIGONISH COUNTY.
103542
116882
117798
103461
Knima Brow
Fiona
Marie C...
St. Lidwina.
Halifax
A richat
Pt. Hawkesbury
Arichat
I
17 Jno. J Brow..,
10 J. T. Crispc...
18 Jno. Munroe. . .
11 Dan Mclnnis . ,
Hbr. au Bouche.. 3 39 50
... 1 I 17 50
Auldp Cove.. .. 4 1 48 00
Cape Rouge 2 | 26 00
CAPE BRETON COUNTY.
122376
112388
100381»
10(1372
1123811
116883
122026
103174
122186
1076(;»5
121940
1O081G
122117
107375
l(Ki231
1117'.I9
1123.S6
1221 S4
107359
Agnes
Annie Amelia.
Annie F
Betsy Jane . . . .
Florence M . . .
Arichat
Sydney.
Arichat
(Irayling. Arichat.,.
Hy. L). Davis ]ljiverpool
lona i Halifax. . .
M. O'Toole
Mabel M
Manetto
'Mattie Morrissey.
[Millie
• Minnie B
|Pearl
Rosie G Pt. Hawkesbury
Shamrock Sydnej'
Two lirothers Arichat
, Victoria . |Sydney
15
13
13
11
25
25
38
15
Arichat 32
Weymouth 20
Halifax 21
Canso 24
Sydney 13
M ■ 10
Halifax | 17
16
11
19
11
Wm. Mar tell
Robt. Fudge
Jno. Farrell
JaiJ. Moore
D. H. McKay . ...
Geo. Herridge
Eastern Fishing Co.
.Jno. H. Burke....
; Vincent O'Toole . .
Edison Elli.s
Eastern Fishing Co.
R. D. Nutter
•Tno. F. Carey ....
Gabriel Billard
Geo. D. Lewis
•Tno. Gallant
Jacob Rogers
Patk. Canii)bell
Benjamin Boon . . .
Main-<\-dieu . .
North Sydney. .
Main-.\-dieu ...
Little Bras d'O
Glace Bay
North Sydney .
Louisburg
Little Lorraine
Louisburg
Big Glace Bay.
North Sydney.
Louisburg ....
Little Lorraine
North Sydney
Main-a-dieu. . . .
Bateston
45 00
35 50
43 00
41 00
62 50
55 00
45 50
45 00
69 50
50 00
36 00
54 00
35 50
32 50
54 50
61 00
41 00
56 50
56 00
DIGBY COUNTY,
112286
111528
1162a">
107807
112102
11*7603
103128 ,
111897 i
116652
74331
116236
77740
103749
116446
121657
1(»760 4
111527
•)0
Digby.
St. John.
St. Andrew.
Weymouth. .
Yarmouth ..
A. E. Moore . .
Alert
Alcyone
America
Aria:ine
Augusta Evelyn.
Britannia
Bun|ue Brothers
Champion
Condor
Cora May iDigby
Elmer | ,•
Emerald n
Emerson Fay m
Emily C I Yarmouth j 11
Emma I) Wevmoutii | 20
Etta H Digby 1 10
-2A
Jno. Thompson . . .
Benjamin Toucette
Howard Anderson
.Tud.-ion Robljins. . .
Delmar Outhouse.
Horace Thurber.. .
<Jeo. B. CosselxKnn
Fred. Titus
Chas. H. Titus. . .
J. O. Robiciiaud . .
Chas. E. Finigan .
.Jno. W. Snow ....
Syda & Cou.-ins . .
Edwin Hains
Albt. Thouip.son.
F. S. Doncette. . . .
Jas. Buckman . . .
Westport 3 1 33 50
Mavilette i 2 1 26 00
Digby 12 i 142 0()
Tiverton 4 , 4t- 00
13 j 145 50
10 106 00
1 29 50
4 40 00
9 96 .50
1 18 50
15 176 ."VO
4 45 00
29 00
11 129 50
5 48 50
6 65 00
3 32 50
1 Freeport
ll^igby
Meteghan
I Westport
I Meteghan River..
|Free|Hirt
Digby
F'reeport. .
Westixjrt .
Mavilette.
Westjiort .
20
MARINE AND FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
List of Vessels which received Fishing Bounty, &c. — Nova Scotia — Continued.
DIGBY COUNTY— Concluded.
Name of Vessel.
Florence May
George L
Hattie & Eva. .
Hazelvvood. . . . . .
Island Girl
J. W.
ijavinia D
LitaC
Lizzie D
Loren B. Snow.
Maple Leaf
May Queen
Nettie M
Nora
Rosan
Roxana . . .
Sparrow
Swan
Trilby
Utah and Eunice,
Port of Registry.
St. Andrews
Yarmouth.. .
Digby
Stielbnrne. .
Digby
Yarmouth . .
Yarmoutii . .
Digby
Weymouth..
Digby
Yarmouth . .
Digby
Name of Owner
or
Managing Owner.
14 Geo. Farnsworth
13 Jno. J. LeBlanc
11 Louis L. Comeau
29 A. J. Thurber
10 Esrom Thurber
14 Whale Cove Trdg. Co.
21 Jas. Doucette
13 Michael Comeau
12 Enos C. Deveau
8.5 Jos. E. Snow
10 Albt. R. Bailey
15 I Moses Thibodeau ....
12 [Wm. McDormand...
11 IP. S. Doucette
11 Ray. Robicheau
11 Wm. W. Gower
28 M. T Theriault
56 Edwin Hains
31 Geo. Lent
33 Edwin Hains
Residence.
o »
Tiverton . .
Mavilette.
Meteghan.
Freeport. .
Whale Cove
Mavilette
Salmon River.
Digby
Westport
Church Point.
Westport
Mavilette. . .
Meteghan
Westport
Meteghan ...
Freeport
$ cts.
29 00
35 50
41 00
104 00
25 00
21 50
51 00
28 00
42 00
207 50
40 00
60 00
42 m
41 00
56 GO
41 00
28 00
153 50
113 50
108 00
GUYSBORO COUNTY.
Agnes E
Alice J. Davis . .
Annie B. M
Annie M
Beatrice
Blanche
Bonny Kate. . . .
C. G. Munroe . . .
Cora Lee
Dannie Goodwin
Dorothy Aleta . .
Dorothy G
Ella May
Emma Jane
Ethel
Florence D
Florence May
Flying Cloud
Fortuna
(ieneva Ethel
Green Linnet
Hattie Maud
Hazel Maud
Ida M. Burke
Trbessa
J. B. Saint
Jessie (xertrude . . .
Jessie W
Laurie H
Lizzie J. Greenleaf
Lizzie May
Lottie B..'
Lottie M. Beatrice
Louisa Ell<!n
Madeline
Maggie Alice
'Maggie Bell . . . .
Yarmouth .
Canso . . . .
Arichat. . . .
Canso
Arichat. . . ,
Canso ....
Arichat. . .
Halifax. . .
Canso. . . .
Lunenburg . ...
Pt. Hawkesliiiry
Canso
Arichat. ..'.....
Canso..,. . .
Arichat. . . .
Canso
Barrington.
Canso
Halifax. . .
Arichat. ...
Canso
Arichat . .
Lunenburg .
Halifax . . . ,
Arichat.
Lunenburg .
Arichat
Liverpool
Aricliat. . . ,
Canso
10 S. A. Hurst
20 Edward Hearn. , . ,
18 Thomas Fanning. . .
29 John O'Leary
11 Wm. O'Brien
13 Mark Richard
14 Rory Sutherland ....
14 Vincent Richard ....
16 Matthew Munroe
21 Fish Limited
11 Wesley Munro
17 Daniel George
34 Hibbert Carr
16 Jno. L. George
11 Jas. Sinclair
11 William Digdon
11 Jno. Kennedy
13 Simon Manett
14 Jno. Cousins
29 Martin Meagher. . . .
12 Thos. Boudrot
16 J. J. Berrigan
10 J. A. Rhynold
16 J OS. Fougere
17 Jeffrey Samp.son
18 E. G. Hend.sbee. ...
17 Chas. A. Mosher....
12 Whitman Fish Co . .
16 !A. D. Feltmate
11 Ljos. H. Richard
12 iB. L. Pelrine
12 ;Chas. Richard
17 i Hiram Hendsbee, Sr,
11 Daniel Casey
16 Geo. Berrigan
11 Jno. D. Cashin
26 iJas. W. Grady
Canso 4
4
„ ! 6
Queensport ] 4
Canso I 2
Charlo's Cove I 5
Canso j . . . ,
Charlo's Cove 6
Whitehead i 5
ICanso
'Whitehead.
Mulgrave
Up. Whitehead.
Canso
Whitehead
Canso
Larry's River. . . .
Canso . . . .
Dover
Canso
Dover
Larry's River i 4
Dover | 5
Can.so ! 3
i 5
5
6
Charlo's Cove
Larry's River
Dover'
Half laid. Cove...
Raspberry
Canso
Port Felix
St. Francis Hbr. . ,
40 00
50 00
63 00
59 00
26 00
50 50
14 00
59 00
53 50
43 50
33 50
.54 50
64 00
61 00
41 00
33 50
33 50
35 50
51 50
59 00
49 50
53 50
47 50
46 00
54 50
40 50
54 50
49 50
61 00
48 50
34 50
49 50
32 00
33 50
<il 00
41 00
56 00
FISHING BOUNTIES
21
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
List of Vessels wliicli received Fishing Bounty, ii:c. — Nova Scotia — Continued.
GUYSBORO COV^'VY -Concluded.
i
s
'o
o
Name of Vessel.
Port of Registry.
03
be
0«
C
H
16
12
11
11
15
12
18
11
13
n
18
19
12
14
20
13
18
14
12
10
10
15
10
Name of Owner
or
Managing Owner.
Residence.
o
da
•6
11
■<
117050
120291
11190',,
112371
116886
111475
107999
Margaret
M argaret Kathleen
Margaret May
Mary A
Mary J
Mary Matilda ....
Maud S
Canso
Ariehat
Canso
Charlottetown. .
Halifax
Geo. Matthews
Patrick Conway
Stephen Richard. ...
1 Daniel Pitts
Whitman Fish Co. . . .
P. F. Pelrine
Harvey Munro
J. R. Lnmsden, Jr. . .
Jeffrey Gerrior
Wni. Shrader —
Chas. Stanton
Geo. L. Avery
Moses Cohoon
Edward Munro
S. J. Pelrine
Can.so
Whitehead
Charlo's Cove
Canso..
Larry's River. . . .
Whitehead
Hazel Hill
Larry's River
5
4
5
5
'3
5
3
4
3
2
6
4
2
3
6
3
4
5
5
2
4
5
6
S cts.
53 .50
46 0<J
49 50
48 50
11 00
37 50
49 50
107757
103547
Mayflower
Morning Glory. . .
RetaS
River Swan
St. Patrick
St. Stephen
Seaflea
Silver Bell
Silvea Swan
Squantt!
Sunrise
Togo
Trilby
True Love
T. Lilly
40 50
41 00
112024
Canso
Ariehat
Halifax. . .' '.'.'.. '. .
Canso
Ariehat
Canso
Yarmouth
Lunenburg
Canso
35 50
112372
26 00
108000
107318
100255
112023
Larry's River
Canso
L. Whitehead
Larry's River. .. .
Charlo's Cove
Canso
63 00
49 00
27 00
36 50
116884
112025
C. H. Richard
F. H. Hawes
Thurlo Munro. . .
James Lukemau
.Jno. Boudrot
David Walsh
Geo. Grover
65 00
35 50
96962
116532
103199
L. Whiehead
Hazel HiU
Dover
Canso
Whitehead
Canso
Cole Harbour
48 00
51 50
49 50
107994
116885
Ariehat
Canso
25 00
40 00
117057
Frank C. Lohnes
Geo. C. Jamieson . . .
52 50
126293
Winnie May
55 00
HALIFAX COUNTY.
116526
122302
122422
126380
121933
74071
126033
111428
112280
122424
122010
111434
117141
100247
116551
100259
116290
111432
11G731
116738
116287
112129
126373
121934
103191
126136
10021(1
116203
126132
111440
116733
111435
85()»34
Adelaide
Albata
Annie (;. W. ...
Annie Hilton. . .
Annie May. . . .
Condor
D. C. Mulhall . .
Duchess
Edith L
Ella May
EnaT
Erniyntlirude . . .
Etha May
Fairy Queen . . .
Florence B. W. .
Florence G
Flora M. J
Uiladys Klena. . .
Grand Desert . .
Gretta
Handy Andy
Hattie
Ideal
Jennie & Annie.
.lennie B
Kathleen W
Katie M
L.Turel
Lottie V. M....
M. A.. Josey. .
Maggie May
Maggie Wilson. .
Mary E
Lunenburg
Halifax .
. I Lunenbui'g
JHalifax. ...
13
20
17
10
24
20
42
12
26
57
Lunenburg 17
Halifax 36
11
11
24
15
78
16
65
14
15
12
Ifi
16
13
22
11
16
10
17
17
36
14
1 Lunenburg
'Halifax....
Liver|)ool
Halifax...
J. Francis Gray
Je.ssie Wynaught
Edward Markie. . . .
Jno. R. May Hal
James Wt-sthaver. . . .
Geo. Julien el ai
Geo. Paulhan
David Morash
Maynard Young
Donald Dauphinee. . .
Herbert Little
F. J. L)arrach
Geo. Johnson
G. H. Nickerson
David Duggan it a'. . .
Caleb Gray
John Julien et al
Chas. Twohig
Martin Julien ct al. . .
John Drake cl >tl
J. P. W. sthaver
Arthur .Iolliinor«> . . . .
Chas. W. Schnare....
Robert J. Ma.son
James Ruder
R. J. Slaunwhite
Clias. Nelson
Geo. Pelliam
Isaac Morash ........
L. M. Jtwey ct al
F. J. Fleming
Edward Dempsey, Sr.
I. S. Baker
Pennant i 3
Boutilliers Cove. .] 3
Sober Island . . . . ; 4
Owl's Head 4
Sober Island I 2
Grand Desert.
Herring Coue.
West Dover .
Hackett's Cove.
Terence Bay ....
Herring Cove 9
West Dover j 5
Pennant 4
East Dover. . I
Sambro I 3
Grand Desert. I 17
Pennant I 4
Grand Desert 17
Clam Harbour. .
Sober Island
Indian HarUmr. .
Pennant
Tangier
Boutillier's Cove.
Terence Bay
Halifax
Herring Cove
^V'e.st Dover . .
Sj>ry Bay 3
Ketch Harbour 7
Herring Cove 11
West Dover 4
35 50
42 50
47 00
40 00
39 00
42 .50
94 50
42 00
56 0<J
147 00
69 50
103 50
48 50
41 00
24 00
37 50
205 50
46 00
192 50
36 50
io 00
19 50
53 50
38 50
35 .50
97 00
33 50
53 50
32 50
39 50
69 50
118 50
44 00
22
MARINE AND FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
List of Vessels which received Fishing Bounty, &c. — Nova Scotia — Continued.
HALIFAX COVSTY-Concluded.
Name of Vessel.
Port of Registry.
Arichat.
Halifax .
Mary S
May.
Minnie M. Dora. .
Monica A. Thomas
Neva. ...
Nina S
Perseveranop
Progress
Reliance
Rising Sun
Rosie M. B
Rupert
St. Patrick
Sadie H
Stanley Hubley . . .
Stella R
Theresa M. Gray. .
Uncas
Valkyria
Violet
Vixen
Willetta
Wren jOanso
18
10
14
4G
11
19
12
14
14
28
7o
Lunenburg ■ 78
Halifax^ 27
Lunenburg
Halifax
Name of Owner
or
Managing Owner.
Lawson B. Corkum . .
Walter Slaunwhite. . .
John Beaver
Chas. H. Thomas . . .
Hiram Marryatt
Jer. Slaunwhite
Chas. Shatford.
David Richardson. . . .
Geo. Slaunwhite
Richard Christian. . . .
Daniel Bonang et nl . .
Halifax Fish Co., Ltd.
Harris Corkum
Geo. Little
Chas. Hubley et al.. . .
Zachariah Beaver. . . .
Angus Gray
M. L. Nickerson
Harvey Covey
.Jas. H. Smith .
Henry Mackenzie .. . .
Joseph Gray
Pioneer Steam Trawl-
ing Co
Residence.
( d 2-
East Jeddore
Terence Bay
Spry Bay
Herring Cove
Pennant
Terence Bay
Indian Harbour. . ,
W. Ship Harbour
Terence Bay
Upper Prospect. .
Grand Desert
Halifax
East Jeddore
Terence Bay
Indian Harbonr. ,
Mushabooin
Pennant
Sambro
Indian Harbour. .
Sambro
Gerrard's Island.,
Sambro
Halifax.
$ cts.
2.5 50
55 00
29 00
1.3() 00
26 00
04 00
34 50
36 50
59 00
58 00
195 00
228 00
72 00
47 00
55 50
20 50
97 50
41 00
28 00
27 00
37 50
49 50
9 111 50
INVERNESS COUNTY.
Campania ....
Catherine
Elizabeth Ann
Florence
Flying Star. . .
Gertie Bell.. . .
Katie J
Laura
Lillie
Louise
Lucy
Majestic
Marie
Marie Joseph .
Mary
May Flower . .
Mermaid
Mizpah
Saint Helier. .
Stella.
Surprise
Tallahassee . .
Virgin
Walla- Walla. .
Warbler
Willie B
Pt. Hawkesbury.
Canso
Pt. Hawkesbury.
Halifax
Pt. Hawkesbury.
Arichat
Canso
Pt. Hawkesbury.
C. Robin Collas Co. . .
David Bourgeois .
S. Bellefontaine. .
C. Robin Collas Co.
John McNeil
C. Robin Collas Co.
Eastern Hbr.
Pt. Hawkesbury
F^astern Hbr.
Magloire Poirier 1 Plateau
S. Bellefontaine.
Theophile Maillet . . . ,
C. Robin Collas Co. , ,
F. Desveaux et al
C. Robin Collas Co. .
Levi Fiset
Hyacinthe Chiasson. .
Thos. Harris
Thos. LeBrun
C. Robin Collas Co. . ,
David Walker
P. McDonnell et al . .
S. Bellefontaine
V. Robin Collas Co. . ,
S. Bellefontaine ,
C. Robin Collas Co..
S. Bellefontaine
ICastern Hbr.
Little River .
Eastern Hbr.
Little River .
Eastern Hbr.
Littk River
Plateau
Grand Etang,
Eastern Hbr.
Pt. Hawkesbury
Judique
Eastern Hbr.
41
40
41
48 50
41
52 50
26
40
42
48 50
41
42
40
41
40
50
43
47 50
42
.53 50
37 50
49 50
40
41
40
53 50
KINGS COUNTY.
80001 Florence St. John.
15
John Kirby 'Canada Creek 2
2 30
FISHING BOUNTIES
23
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
List of Vessels svhich received Fishing Bounty, &c. — Nova Scotia — Continued.
LUNENBURG COUNTY.
112126
llir.41
112115
112107
111647
112105
112101
116522
111737
126117
11641)8
111734
126106
111732
112128
12611!t
121999
122315
111702
111736
111637
111711
122002
116540
ll(j.506
122009
111730
126391
112099
S33i)S
107127
122318
12f)116
121992
112087
116518
116520
122304
1U3743
122004
116525
121851
121867
111742
116.527
126392
126102
116442
122005
121857
121993
112ns'.)
121S.58
1(17960
111726
111404
126101
10766U
111735
126104
107120
Naiuo of Owner
or
Managing Owner.
Residence.
Acadia
Apuadilhi
AUline ....
Alexandra
Alhanibra
Alma NcLson
An)bition
Anita
Annie M. W
Arginia
Beatrice S. Mack..
Blake
Bonnie B
Calavera
Campania
Carrie L. Smith. . .
jCavaiier ... .
Clintonia
Colonia
Coronation
Cyril
I Defender
I Dolly Grey
Douglas Adams. . .
E. M. Zellars
Earl Grey
Earle V. S
Edith Margiierite.
Eli'Ctro
Klla
Kllen L. Maxner. .
Elsie M. Waiters..
Klva Blanche
Emma H
Ethel
Eva June
Evelyn
Falcon
Flo. F. Mader....
Florence B
Gatherer
Gladys B. Smith..
Gladys F
Glen wood
Guide
Hawanee
Hazel L. Ritcev . .
Helen C. Morse. . .
1 lenry L. Montague
Hiawatha
Hilda M. Backman
lona W
.T. .A. McLean.
.1. W. Mills. . . ,
.Fuanita
Kimberley
Lanta)ia
Li la I). Young
Lucania
M. Unity
AL-vdeira
Liverpool...
Lunenburg .
^•3
? a
91
100
99
93
90
99
100
16
98
99
99
99
19
90
90
99
13
96
98
98
100
98
13
99
84
96
100
95
88
10
93
97
79
71
99
93
18
85
100
46
15
100
72
99
73
99
92
98
96
99
81
78
80
76
100
92
17
100
99
26
99
Parks Creek.
Lunenburg. .
Riverport.
Ro.se Bay .
Alex. Knickle [Lunenburg
Freeman Anderson*.
I A. V. Conrad
Freeman Anderson..
Wm. Gilfoy
J. E. Backman
Alvin Himmelman..
■J. E. Himmelman. .
Egerton Ritcey
J. E. Backman
AVm. C. Smith
Jos. Conrad
[Percy Publicover . . .
I Abraham Ernst. . . .
Thos. Romkey
C. A. Anderson
Riverport .
Lunenburg
Ujjper Lanave...,
Blandford
Mahone Bay
Riverport
Lunenburg
Ken. Cleveland Blandford
Lunenburg .
Lahave
Lunenburg.
Riverport. .
Lunenburg .
Wm. C. Smith. .
Zwicker & Co
H^ W. Adams
;W. N. Reinhardt .
.Alex. Knickle. . . .
Samuel Knock
H. W. Adams
A. H. Zwicker. . . .
Zwicker & Co
Jno. B. Young. . . .
|(Tab. Himmelman.
Edmen Walters j Lahave.
.Tenni>- C. Hansen ] Mahone Bay.
Wm. Duff Lunenburg. .
W. N. Reinhardt .... Lahave
Abraham Ernst Mahone Bay.
Riverix)rt
W. N. Reinhardt Lahave
W. C. Smith Lunenburg
Enos Richard Get.son's Cove. . . .
Edmen Walters Lahave
C. \J. Mader Mahone Bay
Wm. Duff Lunenburg
Percy Tanner Blue Rocks
Wm. C. Smith Lunenburg
J. N. Raf use Conquerau Bank.
J. E. Backman Riverport
W.N. Reinhardt ... Lahave
Wm. C. Smith Lunenburg
Reuben Ritcey
H.W.Adams
Wm. C. Smith
Rose Bay . . .
Mahone Baj'
L>menburg.
^La)lone Bay
WiUet Conrad . . .
.\brahani Ernst. ,
C. A. Anderson..
J. W. Mdls.
Wm: C. Smith TiUnenburg.
C. U. Mader , Mahone Bay
David Langille ^Lartin■s Brook. .
Jno. 11 Young Lunenburg
Jno. Creaser ' River jwrt
Harris Fleet Blandford
Theo. Creaser.. . .«. . . Riveriwrt
: 18
J8
18
I 17
; 18
20
19
3
18
: 1«
17
, 19
I 5
I 14
I 17
I 19
5
19
17
17
20
18
3
17
18
18
17
19
19
1
17
18
15
5
18
18
2
19
11
10
8
20
17
10
16
20
18
17
20
18
17
12
17
13
17
16
3
IS
18
5
18
EM
$ Ctfl.
'215
215
215
207 50
215
230
222 50
38 50
215
222 50
207 50
222 50
56 50
185
207 50
222 50
50 50
222 50
207 50
207 50
230
215
35 50
207 50
215
215
2t.7 50
222 50
222 50
17 50
207 50
215
191 50
108 50
215
215
33
222 50
162 50
121 00
75 00
230 00
199 5C
155 00
193 00
230 00
215 00
207 50
230 00
215 00
207 50
168 00
207 50
173 50
207 50
20<1 00
39 fiO
215 00
215 00
63 50
215 00
24
MARINE AXD FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
List of Vessels which received Fishing Bounty, etc. — Nova Scotia — Continued.
LUNENBURG i^OXSlHTY— Continued.
112112
11652()
IKwSS
1218G2
111709
121845
107967
1218GI
1218G4
121865
126107
111701
116535
111645
122007
116530
122008
112104
112106
112120
116142
112113
121869
126114
111648
107125
121856
126034
111741
107963
122303
111407
111636
111733
112114
107957
122306
116510
121868
117143
126105
116504
126120
126115
112127
111419
122000
Name of Vessel. Port of Registry.
Maimie Dell
Mankato
Maple Leaf. . . .
Marina
Mariner
Mattawa. . .
May Myree
Medina A
Mildred M. Bell. .
Millie Louise
Minnie M. Mosher
Mizpah
Montana
Moran
Muriel M. Young.
Nahada
Nicola
Nina
Oregon
Oressa Belle
Palatia
Parana
Petite
Revenue
Riviera
Roma
Ronald G. Smith. .
Russel H. Pentz . .
Saratoga
Shamrock
Shannon
Strathcona
Tasmania
Transvaal
Tribune
Ungava
Undaunted
Uranus
Utowana
Valmore
Vivian B. Walters
W. C. Silver.
Warren G. Winters
Wautauga
Yamaska
Yukon
Zoraya
Lunenburg.
Halifax
Lunenburg,
Name of Owner
or
Managing Owner.
Residence.
Ots
98 C. U. Mader
76 Edmen Walters
26 Mahlon Rodenhizer.
78 'a. V. Conrad
100 I „
96 Z wicker & Co.
89
74
54
Mahone Bay ,
Lahave
Lunenburg j
Parks Creek.
Elias Richard, Sr. ,
Amiel Corkum
Wm. Richard
80 I Abraham Ernst. .
73 \Vm. Duff
100 Jno. B. Young.
85 ■ ■" "■"
100
100
94
99
10
99
95
95
99
61
99
96
99
100
99
92
89
63
89
99
79
22
J. Ale.x Silver.
Elias Richard, .Jr...
Jno. B. Young
Howard Wynacht. . ,
Eleazar Zink
A. M. Sperry
Robt. Ritcey
P. B. Z wicker
Wm Duff
Dan'el Lohnes. . . .
J. D. Sperry ,
Wm. C. Smith
Robert Dawson
Gab. Himmelman . .
Wm. C. Smith
A. V. Conrad
C. U. Mader
Freeman Anderson.
James Bell
Freeman Anderson. ,
Wm. C. Smicih
A. R. Morash
88 |VVm. Cleversey .
Thomas Knock
Wm. C. Smith.
•J. N. Rafuse. . .
Wm. C. Smith.
K. L. Silver
Freeman Anderson.
H. W. Adams.. ..
P. B. Z wicker
Arthur Ritcey
John Spindler
Lunenburg
Getson's Cove. .
Middle Lahave..
Getson's Point. .
Mahone Bay . . . .
Lunenburg
Getson's Cove.
Lunenburg . .
9
12
6
17
18
18
20
15
12
14
19
15
17
19
20
19
18
West Dublin .... | 3
Riverport 1 17
Mahone Bay . ... I 14
Lunenburg ! 17
Riverport | 18
Petite Riviere j 11
Lunenburg 20
Bridgewater . . . j 20
Riverport 17
Lunenburg I 19
_ . . _ . ^^
16
20
16
17
18
15
5
19
5
17
16
4
18
22
17
18
13
18
5
Park's Creek .
Mahone Bay . .
Lunenburg. .
Dublin Shore.
Lunenburg . . .
Pleasantville
Lr. Kingsburg. . .
Lunenburg
Conquerall Bank.
Lunenburg
Dayspring .
Lunenburg.
Mahone Bay.
Riverport. . . .
Rose Bay . . .
$ cts.
147 50
166 00
71 00
205 50
215 00
215 00
230 00
186 50
144 00
185 00
215 50
192 50
207 50
222 50
230 00
222 50
215 OO
32 50
207 50
185 00
207 50
215 00
143 50
230 00
230 00
207 50
222 50
215 00
2.X) 00
230 00
183 00
207 50
215 00
191 50
59 50
222 50
52 50
207 50
191 00
41 00
215 00
245 00
207 50
215 00
167 50
215 00
53 50
PICTOU COUNTY.
107330 Gertie M. Star.
Halifax.
16 Peter Roberts iPictou .
QUEENS COUNTY.
31 00
122030
116583
122103
Anticosti 11 ... .
Louisa A
Muriel S
Liverpool
Yarmouth
21 M Neville . . .
6
4
4
66 00
10 Walter Fra.ser
10 Albert McLeod
Port Mouton
S.W.Pt. Mouton .
40 00
40 00
FIslU\<i not MILS
25
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
Li.ST of Vessels which received Fishing Bjuiity, Ac. — Nova Si-otia — Continued.
RICHMOND COUNTY.
.^
e
-
&
■A
'/^
Name of Owner
t
Name of Vessel.
Port of Registry.
ee
or
Residence.
U
2
a
Managing Owner.
°-1
Z 3
S
52;
= -<
122301
Active
Lunenljerg
Yarmouth
35
26
Frnnk Youii^'
T. R. Bond rot
Arichat
8
7
% Ct
95 (X
11G657
Alice M
P. deGrat
78 5(
103463
Annie May
Annie May. . .
Arichat
11
17
Jno. Langley
feter Landry
St. of Canso
P. de Orat
4
5
41 Of
111472
54 .V
755G1
Boreas . . .
Lunenburg
42
J. A. Colford
Port Malcolm
2
56 0(
720(51
C. P. M
Arichat.
22
Ale.x Burke
River bourgeois. . .
4
52 0(
74100
Candid
„
23
Desire Burke
Cannes
6
68 0(J
llt«43
Kva May
11
T. A. Boudrot
P. de Grat
4
41 OO
11034.^^
Florence aI
„
16
Wm. J. Martell
„
o
53 51
117049
H. C. Phillips...
Barrington
11
James Kehoe
Arichat
3
33 5(J
100161
Hilda Maud
Pt. Hawkesbury
46
J. D. Malcolm
Port Malcolm
6
91 OC
111476
Indiana
Arichat
11
Heniy Boudrot
Ca|>e August •.
2
26 OC
100490
Irene M. B
Lunenburg
66
Fredk. Poirier
D'Escousse
15
178 5C
8.3097
Joseph .A.nn
.lustina
Lady Laurier
I't. Hawkesbury
Arichat
22
10
12
Henry Richard
Isaie Boudreau
S. A. Boudrot
Arichat
2
3
2
37 0(1
122183
Cannes
32 50
111480
P. deGrat
27 0(J
117092
La.ss of (iowrie
Leah Hard}'
Sydney
14
21
Jos. Petitpas
Peter Landrj-
Arichat
4
5
44 OC
107374
Sampsonville ....
P. de Grat
58 5C
111905
Lena Jane
Arichat
11
Dom. Boudrot
7
41 00
111901
Lillian Louise . . .
,,
12
C. P. Boudrot
„
o
27 00
103467
Lizzie May
„ . .
12
Alfr*=d Boudrot
„
5
49 50
116349
Lorina
Canso
18
15
Wm. I. le Vesconte. .
Jos. Cogswell ct al . .
River Bourgeois. . .
River Inhabitants.
6
2
63 00
107995
Maggie M. F
30 0<]
116345
Marv Alice. . . .
Arichat
10
P. E. Sampson
L'Ardoise
4
40 00
111479
.Mary Atalanta. . .
„
15
Albini Satiipson
River Bourgeois. . .
3
37 50
116342
MarvKlda
„
10
Chas. Fougere
Cannes
3
32 50
122182
Mary Elizabeth. . .
„
11
Placide Burke
River Bourgeois. . .
2
26 00
117099
Marv J
„
33
Henrv Sampson
„
3
55 m
103462
Maud
„
20
HenrvDuyon
Arichat
4
50 00
72067
Minnie
Pt. Hawkesbury
26
Jno. Pelham
Janvrin Isld
5
63 50
111904
Minnie L
Arichat
15
Ellas Bois
P. deGrat
4
45 00
85.562
Oresa
14
14
J. P. Proctor
E. V. Landry
Poi t Malcolm
P. deGrat
1
5
21 50
92571
Prijurose
Halifax
51 5<
117095
Rod rid (Tr.ace
St. Dominique
Arichat
17
21
Herbert Birett
JeflFrev Marchand . . .
L'Ardoise.
P. deGrat
4
5
47 00
116889
.58 50
112108
Speculator
Lunenburg
99
John Slurphy
Ix)uisburg
16
200 00
103460
Two Brotiiers
Arichat
18
Maurice Peters
L'Ardoise
6
63 00
111794
Volunteer
Pt. Hawkesbury
14
Alex Boudrot
P. de Grat
3
36 50
116292
Wilena Fraser. . . .
Charlottetown . .
13
Fredk. Forgeron
West Arichat
2
28 00
10OS12
Wyvern
Barrington
25
John Walker
Walkerville
\
65 00
SHELBURNE COUNTY.
121808
121802
U6900
122096
121801
122133
Abbie
AbbieMav
Ada & Pearl....
Alfreda
Alice M. Atwofxl.,
Alter C
Barrington
Yarmouth
Shelburne
Yarmouth
M :;:■
Slielburne
Barrington
Yarmouth . .
10
10
13
11
10
10
28
11
12
10
13
10
12
12
10
12
J. Cunningham
Cha.s. K. Rapp
J. T. Duncan
Peter Nickersou
E. Nickerson
Jno. Y. Smith
Wm. McMillan
(Jeo, H. Lyle
Fred Swim
Jas. M. Crowell
Percy Perry
Eleazar Crow
Wivsh. Kenny ^
Frank Swim
Stoney Island . . .
McNutts Island. .
Clark s Hbr
Woods Hbr..;.!!.
Baccaro
Locke]K)rt
Pt. La Tour
Clark's Hbr
Smithville
Black Point
Sandv Point
Clark's Hbr
Woods Hbr.;;;;!
l^p. Pt. La Tour. .
\
4
6
3
5
4
3
32 50
25 00
4? <wl
56 (K»
40 INI
•lO (HI
100617
9.5 5<i
122149
122579
Alva.
Amerite
41 <»o
42 00
M7134
121890
100«il2
Annie Lue
.A.nnie Smitii
Ardella , . . . .
40 OO
43 OO
40 oO
116821
116S28
Avis Pauline
Beatrice. ...
Bernice N
l^rtha A
34 50
49 50
122102
122153
J. C. Nickerson
Thos. Ross
40 00
34 50
26
MARINE AND FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
List of Vessels which received Fishin^ Bounty, &c. — Nova Scotia — Continued.
SHELBURNE COVNTY—Contmued.
107051
116855
121806
103186
122288
90434
121886
121654
122094
116826
121681
121683
122462
107057
121882
121791
1 16830
122570
122470
121909
122235
122467
126344
107332
121688
122137
121796
121901
117048
107054
121804
122146
122106
122575
117045
121907
121697
121793
122282
117041
122092
112142
122138
122468
116827
122463
122574
116894
121797
90647
121805
80799
122139
122289
122100
122232
126185
122239
122141
111687
117131
Name of Vessel.
Bertie C
Blanche
Blanche
Brittannia
Buema
C. A. Gorehani
Carrie D
Charles E
Clara M. Smith . . .
Claremont A
Claymore
D. E. Nickerson . .
Daniel S ......
DoUie Varden
Dorothy
Eddie C...
Edith Pauline
Edna M
Elva Belle...
Emmie G
Ena A
Enterprise
Erzie G. Mildred. .
Estelle
Ethel ]\Iay
EttaM
Etta N
EvaM..
Evangeline
Favorite. ...
Fish Hawk.. . .
Flirt
Florence M
Fly
FredC....^
Freda N. Nickerson
Freddie M
Fredena . .
G. M. Stephens , . .
Genevive
Georgie M. Smith.
Gertrude..
Gladiator
Gladys
Gladys
Gladys M . .-
Gladys Olia
Harry M. Johnson
Hattie & Ina
Hattie P^meline . . .
Hattie Quinlen. . . .
Hattie T
Hazel
Helen and Hilda. .
Helen C...
Helen Davis
Helen Glen
Hilda Brannen. . . .
Hillside
Ida M. Clarke. ..
Ilona and Ida
Port of Registry.
Barrington
Shelburne
Yarmouth
Shelburne
Barrington
Yarmouth
Barrington
Yarmouth
Barrington
Yarmouth
Barrington
Yarmouth
Barrington
Yarmouth
Barrington
Yarmouth
Barrington
Yarmouth
Barrington
Yarmouth
Shelburne
Barrington
Yarmouth
Shelburne .
Yarmouth.
Barrington
Yarmouth
Shelburne
Yarmouth
Barrington
Yarmouth
Shelburne
Yarmouth
Barrington
Shelburne
Barrington
Yifl-mouth
Shelburne
Yarmouth
Name of Owner
or
Managing Owner.
Residence.
T. D. Crowell
Churchill Locke
A. R. Nickerson
Ross Enslow
Herbert R. Swim . . . .
C. A. Goreham
T. S. Duncan.
Ephraim Larkin
Fred C. Smith
J. G. Nickerson
D. A. Gardner
Freeman Butler
Albert P. Ross
Freeman Atwood . . . .
Lloyd H. Smith
Chas. D. Cook
Reuben Swim
Wm. J. Halliday . . . .
Elam Thomas
V. Nickerson
Jethro Newell..
Oscar Gardner
S. Nickerson
S. E. Countaway. . . .
Smith Messenger
C. Kendrick
J. G. Newell
Eldridge Hagar
Foster Crowell
Ralph McKenzie
Geo. A. Swim
Wm. T. Crowell
J. E. Nickerson
Howard D. Snow . . . .
Moses G. Smith
Wm. Nickerson
Nath. Crowell
Samuel Hopkins
Alex. Mcintosh
C. A. Goreham
Thos. Smith
Geo. M. Forbes
Lewis Thorbourne.. . .
Samuel Atwood
B. L. Goodwin
Jas. C. Ross
D. L. Penney
Millage Atkinson . . .
Arthur Perry
David S. Slate
Edwd. Nickerson . . . .
Dayson Kendrick . . . .
David Watkins . . .
Fred C. McLean
Nehemiah Crowell.. . .
Floyd Ross .
F]dward Hammond. . .
Wm. N. Brannen
Geo. W. Bush
Wm. McMillan . . . .
Wm. N. Madden
Shag Hbr
Lockeport
Woods Harbour . .
W. Green Harbour
Lockeport . . ,
Woods Hbr
Clark's Hbr
Emerald [sle
Newellton
Clark's Hbr
5
6
4
6
2
6
3
5
2
2
2
2
3
2
4
4
4
4
5
4
4
4
4
3
4
3
3
4
4
3
4
5
3
3
4
4
3
5
Lockeport 4
Woods Hbr,
Baccaro 5
Forbes Point 2
Jordan Bay 2
Atwoods Brook. . . 3
N. E. Point 3
Up. Pt. La Tour. . 2
South Side 4
Clam Point 6
N. W. Harbour..,, 3
Blanche 7
Hawk 4
Shag Hbr 7
Bear Point [ 2
Port Saxon I 5
Sandy Point. . . .
Stoney Island. ...
Atwoods Brook. .
Baccaro
Up. Pt. La Tour.
Clark's Hbr
Bear Point
W. Port Clyde. . . ,
West Head
Newellton
Port La Tour
Woods Hbr. . .
N. E. Point
Clark's Hbr
Shag Harbour . . . ,
Newellton
Round Bay
Clark's Hbr
East .Jordan
Clark's Hbr
Smithville
West Head
Pt. La Tour
West Head. . ..
N. E. Point
Clark's Hbr
^ P.
O
Woods Hbr. . .
Stoney Island.
Jordan Bay. . .
Woods Hbr.
Jordan Ferry.
Lockeiwrt . . . .
Baccaro
"5 «
$ cts.
50 50
57 00
40 00
56 00
51 00
78 00
32 50
50 50
25 00
26 00
25 00
25 00
32 50
25 00
40 00
40 00
40 00
41 00
48 50
40 00
-42 00
40 00
40 00
37 50
40 00
32 50
32 50
40 00
41 00
50 50
40 00
53 50
32 50
32 50
42 00
42 00
32 50
47 50
42 00
11 00
50 50
25 00
26 00
33 50
34 50
25 00
40 00
59 00
32 50
63 50
40 00
68 50
25 00
53 50
32 50
42 00
40 00
32 50
32 .50
222 50
43 00
FISHING BOUNTIES
27
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
List of Vessels which received Fishing Buunty, ikc. — Nuva iicotia. —Continued.
SHELBURNE COUNTY— CojUmucrf.
121655
121!104
11(1853
11(;S22
122138
117133
116823
121692
122131
121889
100329
1218S7
122458
126341
1221C5
122098
126188
122240
121880
103791;
122140
121799
116829
12188S
116854
126184
121803
83434
88583
126183
121879
117043
122234
122231
121687
126187
122457
117132
122136
121689
122104
117050
121893
121682
121881
1222:^3
IDOS-JO
122409
107O5it
1224<;c,
126842
121084
122108
1037S3
90648
116SH5
122091
DOS!'. IS
117046
116448
121875
Name of Vessel.
Port of Register.
Ilndianna Yarmouth . .
lona and Maggie. . Barrington .
J. .J. Cox Shelburne .
Jennet Barrington .
Jennie L A^armouth . .
Jennie Roy n
Jessie Roy Barrington .
Josephine Yarmouth . .
Katie M >,
Kuroki ' i>
La Rose I «
l^ena i n
LilaA., I
[Lottie and Mart
' guerite Barrington.
Lottie G .... Yarmouth . .
Ijouise II
Lulu S Shelburne . .
M. L. Nickerson . . Barrington .
Mabel C '
Mabel Den vers.. . . Shelburne . .
[ Mabel L Yarmouth . .
Mabel V ,,
Maple Leaf Barrington.
Margaret 'Yarmouth .
Mariana Shelburne . .
Marion C I n
Mary J j Yarmouth . .
Mary May Shelburne . .
Mary O'Dell Yarmouth .
Matlialia Shelburne . .
Matilda Yarmouth .
Mattieand Charlie Barrington.
Minnie Laura h
Minola \ «
Monitor ! Yarmouth . .
Nathalie Shelburne . ,
Ncina & Millie i Yarmouth
Nfuia D II
Nyctia ■■
Ocean Belle | «
Ocean Spray •<
Olive R Barrington .
Orinoco Shelburne . ,
Quickstep i Yarmouth .
R. (i- Hervey
R. H. Milford 'Barrington
Ranger n
Raymond C Yarmouth . ,
Reginald R Barrington .
Rilla May Yarmouth. .
Sakotis Barrington.
Seaton L Yarmouth. .
Seretha ' n
Springwood Shelburne . ,
Stranger Barrington .
Thelma E Shelburne .
Thistle
Thomas H
Three Brothers.
Togo
Toronto
Barrington.
Yarmouth
Barrington .
Shelburne .
Yarmouth.
Name of Owner
or
Managing Owner.
Residence.
Robt. Lowe
Whitman Ross. . .
R. L. McCarthy ,
T. A. K.-nney . . .
•las. A. Smith . . ,
Robt. \V. Smith.,
.Job. A. Crowell. .
Fred Newell
C. (). Reynolds.
Stillman Newell ,
R. J. Abbott
Albt Nickerson.
H- H. Atkinson.
Clark's Hbr
Stoney Island. . . .
Shelburne
Clark's Hbr
Smith ville
Bacoa ro
Clark's Hbr
West Head. ...
Baccaro
Newellton
John'-s Island
Clark's Harbour.
Stoney Island. . . .
u
o
C. A. Goreham ^ Woods Harbour.
Vincent Brannen ! n
Dason Langthom . . . . ' "
H. R. Swim Lockeport . . .
J. E. Nickerson Woods Harbour.
Berkley Reed Stoney Island. . .
F. L. Sholds U]\ Pt. LaTour.
Harry Banks Shag Harbour. . .
Daniel V. Smith Clark's Harbour.
C. E. Nickerson |Coffin's Croft |
•Joseph Hopkins Clark's Harbour. ..
H. R. L. Bill Lockeport
.John Crow Sandy Point . . . !
Mark Atwood Hawk |
Adam .J. Firth Shelburne
J. E. Nickerson Oak Park
Walter Walts Sandy Point . . . ;
Lesliejohnson Port LaTour |
Cyrus Nickerson. . . . Clark's Harbour . . '
R. C. Ma.\well
•Job E. Nickerson » . . j
Louis Crowell Port LaTour |
Wm. McMillann Lockeport
S.anford Slate Cape Negro
•J. C. Brannen.. . . Baccaro
Edgar Adams Shag Harbour
F. L. Perry Cape Negro Island
Chas. Atkinson Newellton
H. R. Swim Lockeport
Winslow Buchanan. . . Eastern Point
Cornelius Maxwell Clark's Harbour. .
Alex. Phillips, Jr "
Isaiah S. Newell .... West Head
.1. H. Brannan Centreville
K. L. Newell West Head
Delma Kendrick Shag Harlniur. . . .
L. .J. Nickerson Clark'.'" Harljour . .
Benj. J. Newell West Head
Nehemiah Smith Clark's Harbour . .
S. N. Atkinson Centreville
Wm. McMillan Loekeixirt
iLovitt 15anks I^arrington Pass . .
Jos, Mahaney Churchover
R. H. Brannen . .. Stoney Island.. ..
F. T. Nickerson Clark's Harbour. . .
Tlios. I. Newell W"st Head
E. C. Locke Lockeport
A.C.Atkinson Baccaro ... .. .
3
4
10
3
4
3
5
4
4
5
4
2
4
7
3
3
4
4
6
3
4
4
4
10
2
4
3
4
4
3
4
4
4
4
9
3
3
3
4
4
1
3
4
4
4
2
3
6
4
5
3
4
2
5
3
4
1
5
5
4
o o
-S cts.
32 50
41 00
140 00
33 50
40 00
32 50
49 50
40 00
40 00
47 50
43 00
26 00
40 00
74 50
32 50
32 50
23 00
40 00
40 00
59 00
32 50
40 00
41 00
40 00
108 00
26 00
40 00
42 50
43 00
41 00
32 50
40 00
41 00
43 00
40 00
95 50
33 50
32 .50
32 50
40 00
41 00
19 50
37 50
40 00
43 00
43 00
26 00
33 50
61 00
42 00
48 50
34 50
40 00
95 00
67 50
33 50
40 00
20 50
50 50
55 .50
43 00
28
MARINE AXD FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
List of Vessels which received the Fishing Bounty, &c. — Nova Scotia — Contmued.
SHELBURN COUNTY— Conc^wrfcrf.
Official Number.
Name of Vessel.
Port of Registry.
9
bo
S
a
Name of Owner
or
Managing Owner.
Residence.
1
'S
<« c
o .^_
c c
is
am
<
121792
Twin Sisters ... .
Una
Violet & Annie
Virginia
W. F. Brittcliffe..
Whip-poor-Will . . .
White Eagle
WilfordH
Willie M
Winnifred
Zephyr
Zilpha
Yarmouth
Harrington ....
„
Yarmouth
Shelburne
Barrington ... .
Yarmouth
Shelburne
Yarmouth
10
10
12
17
10
17
10
11
14
10
11
10
Osborne Smith
W. R. McKinnon . . .
H. H. Brannen
W. E. Atkinson . ...
H 0. Nickerson
G. S. Dedrick
Levi Nickerson
Durkee Chetwynd . . .
Foster Salisbury
Allan Nickerson
Samuel Greenwood. . .
Martin Penny
Hawk
4
2
5
4
3
6
5
3
5
3
4
4
$ cts.
40 00
121699
122238
122452
121090
77744
117042
122150
122464
121690
116449
121656
Clai-k's Harbour . .
Stoney Island
N. E. Point
Woods Harbour. . .
Churchover
Clam Point
Up. Pt. LaTour. . .
Port LaTour
Clark's Harbour . .
Port Saxon
South Side.
25 00
49 50
4;; 00
32 50
62 00
47 50
33 50
51 50
32 50
41 00
40 00
VICTORIA COUNTY.
117028
126028
126561
112115
126562
126023
126030
122120
126563
126564
107355
88431
100144
Anna F
Beatrice Donovan
Caberfeidgh
Evangeline
Hawley Brothers.
Ingonish
Joy Folger
Julia F. C
Katie Margaret . .
Maggie .Julia. . . .
Mary E
Mayflower
Stella May
Sydney
Halifax.
Canso . .
James Brewer ....
Wm, Donavan ....
Angus McDonald.
Jno. G. Hines. .., .
-Jas. Hawley
W. Williams... -.
Chas. Williams. . .
Thos. A. Young...
Peter Dixon
Jas Fitzgerald ....
Allen Mclntyre. , .
T, J Donovan. . . .
Simon P. rfawlty .
South Ingonish
South Harbour
Ingonish Ferry
South Ingonish
Ingonish Ferry
YARMOUTH COUNTY.
121876
122132
Adoriam
Aerolite
Yarmouth
B'"^y--,
Yarmouth
i< ....
15
16
11
15
11
20
10
10
10
14
11
18
10
10
10
11
10
49
79
15
67
90
11
12
15
15
Armand Leblanc
J. J. Duncan
Isiah Doucette
Luxime d'Entremont.
J- A. d'P:on
Plymouth
Deep Cove Island .
Tusket Wedge ....
West Pubnico
Tusket Wedge ....
Deep Cove Isld . . .
L. E. Punico
Tusket Wedge . . .
Yarmouth
Tusket Wedge ....
Port Maitland ...
Tusket Wedge....
Yarmouth
Sandford
Yarmouth
Tusket Wedge....
M. E. Pubnir>o
Tusket Wedge. . . .
Pinkney Point
2
3
3
S
2,
8
3
1
2
7
2
2
2
2
3
4
1
20
4
45
14
2
5
4
3
30 00
38 50
116898
107344
Agnes M.'
Amanda
33 50
75 00
122093
26 00
111879
Annie B
rheo. d'Entremont. .
LudgerLe Blanc
C. L. Nickerson "
Jos. R. Amiro
T. W.McComisky...
L. D. Boudreau
Wm. Pothier
W. F. Doucette
J. C. McGray
J. C. Doucette
W. 3. Sollows
N. S . Boudreau
N. J . B. Tooker
Yarmouth Trading Co
J. B. Clements.
Yarmouth Trading Co
Henry Lewis
Nicholas Pothier. . . .
Fred. M. Amiro. . . . .
Chas. E. Pothier
Jos. A. Surett
80 00
121652
121698
Arabia . . . . '
32 50
17 50
122295
122586
1216S5
Aroma S
Aspinet
Augusta
25 OO
66 50
26 00
122109
122573
107338
Bella..
Bohemia
CM. B
33 00
25 00
32 50
122145
25 00
111836
121694
100605
Chevalier
Columbia
Dawn
41 00
17 50
49 00
1102(15
121.S(K)
lltiSliS
122584
121809
Eddie James
I'ldessa
Kdith, F. S
Emilien Burke
Estella
229 00
45 00
179 50
185 00
26 00
122.572
121883
121877
Eva
Fanny Rose
Florence C
49 50
45 00
57 50
FIHniNG BOUNTIES
29
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
List of Vessels when received Fishing Bounty, ic. — Xova Scotia — Concluded.
YARMOUTH COUNTY -Concluded.
121872
117137
103717
122099
121795
121798
122290
117134
117140
116204
122455
103709
103718
116210
106899
121903
116658
112315
107337
111523
121905
111875
112285
103706
111021
122576
121653
885S9
121878
100323
100313
121660
122135
117139
11(1893
117i:J8
121651
103716
122134
121659
121873
1224()5
Najiie of Vessel.
Francis A .
Glurianna. .
Henry L . .
Hilda
John L . .
Kenneth S.
Kern wood .
Laura B . . .
Laura E . . .
Laurie J . . .
Lizzie A . .
Lizzie E. . .
Lucy ,
Lucy A
Lydia L
\i. ¥. Atwood .
Mabel A
MubelT
.Marguerite.. . .
Mildred P....
Mira L. Smith.
Xel.son A
Osjjray
Regine
Retta E.......
Rosa Georgina.
Royal
Sanford
Selnia
Senora
Souvenir
Sf|uanto
tlO-U-8
Thalia D
Togo
Two Brothers . .
Valentina
j Valkyrie
Venus
j Viola
j Viola S
! White King . . .
Port of Registry.
Yarmouth
Barrington . .
Varmouth. ..
St. Andrews.
Yarmouth . , .
Digby ...
Yarmouth .
Name of Owner
or
Managing Owner.
Residence.
O
c s.
Yarmoutli Trading Co
Alex. Boudreau
A. C. d'Entremont. . .
Jacques Boudreau.. . .
Frank L. I'othier
Benj. C. Smith
W. A.. Killam
C. D. Atkinson
P. C. Doucette
F. J. D'Entremont. ..
E. M. D'Entremont . .
E. J. Ellis
A. F. D'Entremont. ..
E. J. Leblanc
C. D. Le Blanc.......
John Surette
Eben Frost
George Earle
L. P. D'Entremont. .
Hugh McManus
Thos. F. Smith
Yarmouth Trading Co
Chas. W. Foster
T. D'Entremont
J. E. D'Entremont...
Thef) Jacquard ......
Geo. Boudreau
W. A. Killam
Wilfrid D'Eon. . . .
Marc A. Surette
S. D. D'entremont. . .
Angus Pothier
Wilson Rankin
Archie Brannen
Leander Amiro
Jno. L. Surette
Pius LeBlanc
W. A. Killam
L. A. D'Entremont. .
Joshua LeBlanc
Wm. McNair
Jos. Harris
Yarmouth
Tusket Wedge.
West Pubnico. .
Tusket Wedge.
Deep Cove Isld,
Yarmouth
Deep Cove Isld,
Tusket Wedge.
West Pubnico. .
Port Maitland.
West Pubnico.
Tusket Wedge.
Plymouth
Morris Isld. . . .
Comeau Hill. . .
V'armouth
West Pubnico. .
Yarmouth
Deep Cove Island
Yarmouth. . .
West Pubnico.
Comeau Hill . .
Tusket Wedge .
Yarmouth
West Pubnico .
Tusket Wedge.
Arc;idia ...
Rockville
L. E. Pubnico.
Pinknej' Point.
Tusket Wedge.
Yarmoutli
West Pubnico .
Tusket Wedge.
Argyle Sound. .
Yarmoutli . . , .
<
S cts.
230 00
17 50
25 00
54 50
18 50
32 .50
215 0<J
47 50
32 50
2(X) 00
123 00
49 <)0
47 .50
39 50
44 00
22 50
60 00
.50 50
162 00
41 Oo
44 00
177 Oo
31 40
40 (MP
17 50
87 50
25 00
20 00
36 50
222 50
213 50
26 00
23 50
32 50
57 00
33 50
40 00
48 50
17 50
25 00
68 50
26 00
PROVINCE OF NEW BRUNSWICK.
CHARLOTTE COUNTY.
92517
.\da
107903
Ava M
116672
Beatrice
122250
Bonita
1C7905
Centennial
88253
E. B. Col well
103114
Edward Morse
103789
EHie B. Nickerson.
111522
KlizaV)eth
80882
Klla Mabel
116675
Evangeline
80803
E.Kenia
St. Andrews
St. John
St. Andrews
.Shelburne . . .
nijfby
:St. Andrews.
Windsor.. .
10
17
19
15
16
19
32
22
21
14
15
A. G. Matthews Letete
Geo. A. .lohiisdii Woodwards Cove.,
Stewart Benson S(!al Cove
Henj. Carter Seeley's Cove
John F. Morse White Head
Anselm Wallace Black's Harbour..
Alex. Calder Cam|)obello
.Alfred Stanley Xortli Head
W. M. Kent Wixn! wards Cove..
E. G. Lee iJeaver Harbour . .
Arthur (ireen Wood Island
18 ;.Tohn Moses. .
North Head
.32 50
62 00
41 50
37 50
23 .50
56 50
62 00
52 I to
43 50
36 .50
37 50
33 00
30
MARINE AND FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
List of Vessels which received Fishing Bounty, <tc. — New Brunswick — Continued.
CHARLOTTE COVl:iTY- Concluded.
103120
92511
111552
97146
107910
111839
112248
122244
122592
103121
122591
103997
92507
8S273
122042
88402
116674
122044
112311
103993
122596
107806
122043
107433
59387
107440
103998
116970
100548
103111
97149
Name of Vessel .
Falmouth
Fleet Wing
Flora B
Free Trade
Gra3e & Ethel..
Harry C
Hattie B
Hilda E
lolanthe
Island Girl
Jennie T
Jessie James ....
Kinetics
Lillian E
LylaH
Mizpah
Mona
Olive C
Oronhyatekha . .
Pythian Knight.
Ready Now
RenaF
Sea Foam
Sir John
Telephone
Three Links. . . .
Try Again
Vigilant
Violetta
Volunteer
Winnie .
Port of Registry.
St. Andrews.
Digby
St. Andi-ews.
Digby
St. Andrews.
Digby
St. Andrews.
Name of Owner
or
Managmg Owner.
A. B. Small
Gordon Tucker . . . .
Nelson IngersolL. . .
Alvery Green
Robert Ingersoll
Lewis Matthews.. . .
Wilniot Benson .
J. M. Morehouse. . .
Simon Brown
Birdell Lambert...
•Tames Nesbitt
•J. Frankland
Aldon Kinney.. . . . .
Mariner Johnson. . .
Chester Frankland.
J. E. Gaskill
R. C. Wilcox
Thos. Carter
Jas. McLeese
Franlc Ingersoll . . .
Simon Brown
John Ingersoll. . . .
Harold Green
Hiram Morse
Residence.
d A
19 J. E. Gaskill
12 i Robert A. Main..
15 jA. W. Ingersoll. .
12 W. Cosseboom. . .
11 [Albert Tucker.. .
14 George Ingersoll.
12 .Joseph Holland
Woodwards Cove..
Letete
Woodwards Cove.,
Wood Island
Woodwards Cove.,
Letete
Seal Cove
White Head
Wilson's Beach . . . .
Woodwards Cove.,
North Head . . .
White Head ...
Back Bay
Black's Harbour..
White Head
North Head
Black's Harbour. .
Seeley's Cove
Back Bay .
North Head
Campobello
Woodwards Cove.
Wood Island . ...
White Head
North Head
[Woodwards Cove.
I White Head....;
I Letete
I Woodwards Cove.
(Seeley's Cove
$ cts.
32 50
33 50
28 00
32 50
53 50
38 50
32 50
33 50
63 00
54 50
91 00
41 00
17 50
50 50
26 00
53 00
40 50
63 50
58 50
56 50
18 00
49 50
36 50
33 50
64 00
49 50
22 50
34 50
41 00
44 00
34 50
GLOUCESTER COUNTY.
72099
103081
112156
122057
97194
112162
103763
92419
100900
96739
103072
100975
103589
103780
100780
111465
100774
103271
103585
103083
100916
100971
100913
103076
103948
Adelina . .
Albatross.
Albert W,
Alice
Alika
Alma. . . ,
Alouette
Anna . .
Annie M
Argeline
Ben Uur.
Big Bear
Blenheim
Britannia
Britannic
C. R. C. .
Calliope . .
Celia.....
Cerdric . .
Cor.sair . .
Cygnet. .
Cyprian..
Daffodil.
Dipper..
Dora
Chatham ' 12
13
10
15
12
12
10
12
11
14
11
10
13
13
12
13
12
11
P. Blanchard
Wm. Fruing & Co. .
P. Chiasson
Severe Duguay
Zoel Paulin ; . .
Agapit Duguay
Wm. Fruing & Co . . ,
J. A. Chiasson
W. S. Loggie Co. . . ,
Ger. Lanteigne
[John LeClerc
iGervais Plourde. . . . ,
C. Robin Collas Co. ,
Wm . Fruing & Co. ,
W S. Loggie Co
C. Robin Collas Co.
PhiliiJ Rive
Gustave Gionet ....
Caraquet.
14 iPhilipRive.
Wm. Fruing & Co . .
C. Robin Collas Co.
J. O. LeBouthillier.
Wm. ]<>uin^ & Co..
W. S. Loggie Co . . .
0. Robin Collas Co.
Lit. Lameque.
Lameque
Caraquet
Lameque .
Chatham .
Caraquet.
Chatham.,
Caraquet.
Chatham.
Caraquet.
42 00
43 00
40 00
60 00
42 00
49 50
32 50
49 50
41 00
44 00
48 50
32 50
43 00
43 00
42 00
35 50
34 50
33 50
36 50
32 50
42 00
40 00
40 00
42 00
34 50
FISHING BOUNTIES
31
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
List of Vessels which received Fishing Bounty, <kc. — New Brunswick — Continued
GLOUCESTER COVHTY- Continued.
112155
122053
lOOr.lM)
lOOOItS
llG!t7!»
1(X)2!)3
10(178C
100772
100787
122058
92417
103001
103077
122t!21
100298
61445
1114(i8
1121G5
112151
11(5479
111467
100779
1114ti4
100954
1009G8
9(1733
1037r)G
llOOSO
1032S2
111848
103086
10O964
107775
122491
112157
92418
100790
111849
10(t956
100994
107771
1037<)5
61425
100903
Hi393".t
1»»0906
117181
103931
96724
103289
100958
116r)(><)
112169
111466
103949
1032S8
107774
103283
111461
103003
Name of Vessel.
iDora . . . .
iDotie
Dove
Eagle
Elie Anne
Eliza
Eliza
Empress
Estelle
Ethel
Evangeline
Evangeline
Falcon
J^ame
Fillera ...
Fisher
Flavie
Fleetwing
Flying Cloud
Flying Foam
1 Fortuna . . . .
Four Brothers . . . .
Gambetta
(iazelle
Gazelle
Gem
(rem
Genesta
Georgina
GUknockie
Gipsy
Gipsy
Gladstone
Goldseeker
Good Intent
Grasshopper
Grip ... . . . . .
Guiding Star
Happy Home. . . .
Harold N
Hercules
Heron
Hirondelle
Hoi>e
HoiH?
Hope
,Ht>tspnr
Ida
Irene
Lsabel
Jersey Lilv
JohnB. ."
Kasaga
Kathleen
King Edward
Kingfi.-iiier
Kite
Klondyke ......
Koh-i-noor
Ladvsmith
Lark
Port of Registry.
Chatham.
New Carlisle
Chatham..
Lunenburg
Ciiatham
Name of Owner
or
Managing Owner.
Residence.
Seraphin Doiron
F. F. Chia.sson
Wm. Fruing fc Co.. . .
Jos. J. Doiron
C. Robin Collas Co. . .
F. T. B. Young
Philip Rive
F. T. B. Young
V'ilas Friganlt ,
Maximin Paulin ....
Wni. Fruing & Co.. .
Geo. D. Mallet
J. P. Chia.sson
Jos. X. Paulin
VVm. Fruing & Co . . .
J. F. Robichaud..'.".".
C. Robin Collas Co. .
P. Boudreau . .
Henri Albert
W. S. Loggie Co.
C. Robin Collas Co. . ,
W. S. Loggie Co. . . .
J. Z. Chiasson
Wm. Fruing & Co. . .
Philias Leger ,
Gilbert Duguay
Hyac. Gionet
Wm. Fruing & Co. . .
W. S. Loggie Co. . .
J. X. Le Bouthillier.
C. Robin Collas Co. .
Xavier B. Noel
Philip Rive
Gustave Gionet ,
F. T. B. Young
Philip Rive
P. F. Mallet
P. M. Lanteigne
Wm. Fruing & Co. . ,
Agapit LeClerc . . .
Josej)h Gauvin
F. T. B. Young
E. E. Ache
Philip Rive
.Joseph Savoj'
Wm, Fruing & Co. . .
J. B. Hi'bert
Wm. Fruing & Co . . .
W. S. Loggie Co
F. T. B. Young ...
Wm. Fruing & Co
Robin Collas Co
Wm. Fruinn & Co . . ,
P. E. Lanteigne. . . .
C. Roliin Collas Co...
Philip Rive
Hyp. Chi.osson
Wm. Fruing & Co. . ,
6 a
Miscou Hbr 4
Island River ... 5
Caraquet i 4
3
4
5
4
3
3
3
Mizonette ] 3
L. Lameque 1 4
Caraquet | 3
Shippegan
Lameque
Caraquet
Shippegau .
Caraquet . .
Mizonette .
Caraquet. .
Chatham . .
Caraquet .
Chatham . .
Caraquet...
Lit. Lameque.
Caraquet
4
5
4
2
4
4
4
3
4
4
5
4
4
4
3
5
4
4
5
4
2
4
4
3
3
3
5
4
5
5
Mizonette 4
Caraquet j 3
.Shippegan Isld. . . . ' 5
Caraquet j 3
Lameque | 5
Caraquet I 3
I 4
I 4
Chatham 4
Caraquet
Chatham .
Caraquet.
Lit. Lameque.
Caraquet
Shippigan.
Caraquet. .
4
3
4
3
3
3
5
Caraquet | 4
Lit. Lame<^jue
<
$ cts.
40 00
47 50
41 00
32 50
4G 00
50 50
45 00
34 £,0
35 50
33 .50
32 50
41 00
32 50
40 00
55 50
42 00
28 00
44 00
43 00
48 00
32 50
43 00
43 00
50 50
40 00
41 00
42 00
34 50
52 .50
41 00
45 00
57 50
40 00
28 00
40 00
4G 00
34 50
33 50
38 50
48 50
40 00
50 50
48 50
43 00
34 50
48 50
32 50
53 50
34 50
41 00
42 00
41 00
59 00
45 00
3fi 50
43 00
32 50
36 50
35 50
54 50
40 00
32
MARINE AND FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
List of Vessels which received Fishing Bounty, etc. — New Brunswick — Continued.
GLOUCESTER COUNTY— Coniinuec?.
Name of Vessel .
L'Etoile
Letty Jane
Lillian
Lizzie D
Mabel
Maggie
Majestic
Margaret
Margaret Ann . ,
Maple Leaf
Marie
Marie
Marie Celia
Marie Etoile. . .
Marie Joseph . . ,
Marie Louise . . ,
Marie Louisa . .
Mary
Mary Emma .
Mary O
Mary Jane ....
Mary R
Mary Rose ....
Mary Star
MaryStarof theSea
M ary Star of theSea
Marj'Star of theSea
May Flower . .
Mermaid
Merry Christmas. .
Mikado
Moi-ninp Star . ...
Morning Star
Olive
Oriole
Osjirey
P.T.S
Palma
Patrick
Pelican
Petrel
Pride of the Fleet.
Providence
Providence
Providence
Red^auntlet
Remis
Replevin
Reward
River Branch
Romulus
Robin
Rosa
Rosalie
Rui)ert
St. Andre
St. Anne
St. John
St. Joseph
St. J oseph ......
1st. Peter
Port of Registry.
Chatham.
Name of Owner
or
Managing Owner.
Prudent Gallien ... ,
John M. Ward
C. Robin Collas Co.
F. T. B. Young
W. S. Loggie Co. . . ,
John Paulin
W. S. Loggie Co
John Jones
Wm. Fruing & Co. .
P. A. Doiron
Gaspard Savoie
J. V. Lan*.eigne
J. A. Doiron
Lazare Gauvin
(lustave Chiasson . . .
Jos. A. Paulin
David Albert
Wm. Fruing & Co. .
J. O. Cormier
Piiilias Doiron
W. S. Loggie Co. . . .
Wm. CormifT
H. LeBouthillier
Luke Friolet
C, Robin Collas Co. .
Ford Savoie
Gelance Lanteigne. .
W. S. Loggie Co. . . .
Celestin Jean
C. Robin Collas Co. .
Gustave Gionet
Roraain Noel
Amcdee Dugay ....
Wm. Fruing & Co. .
Thos. Mallet
E. O. LeBouthillier.
Amedee F. Ache . . .
Philip Rive
Wm. Fruing & Co . . .
C. Robin Collas C.".'.!
M. L, Lanteigne
J. N. LeBouthillier . .
Wm. Fruing & Co. . .
Philip Rivo
W. S. Loggie Co ... .
C. Robin Collas Co. . .
James De Grace
Wm. Fruing & Co. . .
W. S. Loggie Co
C. Robin Collas Co. . .
Eugene Gauvin ....
Philip Rive
p]ustazade Albert . . . .
Andre A. Ache
Onesime Chiasson . . . .
John Ache
Rai)hael Gionet
Adolphe Ache
Residence.
Caraquet . ...
Miscou Centre.
Caraquet .'
Chatham .
Caraquet .
Chatham .
Lit. Lameque.
Caraquet
Shippegan
Caraquet . .
L. Lameque.
Caraquet ....
Chatham .
Caraquet.
Shippegan. . .
Island River.
Chatham . . . ,
L. Lameque
Caracpiet. . . .
Ste. Rose. . . .
Lameque . .
L. Lameque.
Caraq net . . .
Shippegan. . .
Caraquet. . . .
Lameque ....
Caraquet ....
Chatham .
Caraquet, .
Shi])pegan.
Caraquet. .
Chatham . .
Caraquet. .
Lameque .
Caraquet. .
Lameque.
Caraquet.
Lameque.
S
<
$ cts.
5
52 50
5
52 50
3
37 50
3
S3 50
4
46 00
3
32 50
3
32 50
4
46 00
5
50 50
4
43 00
4
41 00
4
45 00
3
35 50
5
57 50
4
42 00
4
40 00
4
48 00
4
44 00
4
41 CO
3
33 50
5
51 50
4
42 00
5
54 50
5
52 50
5
52 50
3
36 50
4
50 00
5
48 50
4
41 00
5
50 50
3
35 50
1
19 50
4
44 00
5
51 50
4
41 00
4
40 00
4
41 00
5
51 50
3
33 50
4
43 00
4
42 00
4
54 00
5
55 50
5
50 50
4
41 00
3
33 50
4
47 00
4
40 00
4
43 00
3
33 50
4
49 00
3
34 50
4
47 00
4
40^00
8
34 50
4
45 00
5
51 50
4
43 00
4
40 00
4
42 00
4
42 00
FISHIXG BOiXTIES
33
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
List of Vessels which received Fishing Bounty, itc. — New Brunswick — Continued.
GLOUCESIER COUNTY— Concluded.
Name of Vessel.
Port of Registry.
117187 St. Anne
117LS;t Ste. Cecelia
liiiOl Ste. .Julie
74401 S;ira
U»0iiu7 Sarali
103010 Sarah B
117rJ0 Saturn
10O1I.V.I S-a Bird
liXi'.lOl Sea Flower
100!»14 Sea Flower
0tJ92(i Sea Foam
I0i>it(;i Silver Moon
V2\imi Spark
liiiiMi^ Stanley
10;^iiS7 I Stanley ...
103707 Stella Maris ...
I'iCO,")!) Sunbeam
111845 Superior
103; 147 Swallow
lo:j00f. Swallow
10:}7(12 Swan
luO'.tSi; Swift
1<X>777 Teutonic. .....
itG73S Three Brothers.
117184 Three Brothers.
looms Tickler
WX'iSi Two Brothers. . .
112159 I'nited Empire.
103285 Valkyrie
103775 Victoria
117183 Vina
100995 Voltaire
1009«r) Von Moltke ...
1035S8 Vulture
122054 WiiiteFish
10<i;C)3 White Wings...
HX)973 , World's Fair....
Chatham.
Name of Owner
or
Managing Owner.
Re.-'idence.
Mizonette.
Jean P. Noel [Lameque. . . .
Gelas Ache |L. Lameque.
M.J. Noel Lameque.
William Doucet Caraquet.
F. T. B. Young..
A. S. Lanteigne..
Dom. Blanchard.
W. S. Loggie Co Chatham ....
F. T. B. Young Caraquet. . . .
C. Robin Collas Co. . . ]
John B. Sewell
W. S. Loggie Co i Chatham. . . .
Wm. Fruing & Co. . . Caraquet. . . .
A. D. Gionet u . . . .
Aime Chia.<son Island River.
C. Robin Collas Co. . . Caraqiiet. . . .
Wm. Fruing & Co. . .
C. Robin Collas Co. .
Wm. Fruing & Co
F. J. Chiasson
W. S. Loggie Co. . . .
J. S. Albert
Docithe Chiasson . . .
C.^ Robin Collas Co. .
W. S. Loggie Co. . . .
R. H. L. Young
Philip Rive
W. S. Loggie Co ... .
Jacques Noel ' Lameque.
P. M. Lanteigne [Caraquet.
P. J. F'rigot .t
\V. S. Loggie Co. . . . 'Chatham,
Eutrope Chiasson .... Lameque
Island River. . .
Chatham
Caraquet
Shipi^egan Isld.
Caraquet
Chatham
Caraquet
Chatham.
F. T. B. Young.
Caraquet.
s c
3 3
<
9 cts.
58 00
58 00
49 50
48 50
25 00
40 00
40 00
32 50
34 50
48 50
52 50
51 .50
40 00
40 00
47 50
49 00
43 00
36 50
43 00
41 00
44 00
56 00
48 50
34 50
52 50
49 50
41 00
47 00
42 00
46 00
44 00
32 50
41 00
43 00
50 50
32 50
33 50
KENT COUNTY.
122(5-29
1 iti( ;88
ll(MiS9
iii;(;>i4
Chuter
Harry Dickson. . .
Joseph Doucett . . .
Ocelot
Chatham
Richibucto
Chatham
10 'George Gallant
10 ,W. E. Forbes
10 Alex. Doucett
11 W. K Forbes
11 (ieo. H. Long
10 .Tohn Fra.spr
Rexton
Richibucto
Rexton
Richibucto
Rexton
3
3
2
3
1
1
3
2
32 50
32 50
25 00
33 50
iit;f..s3
Plum
18 50
r'2ti"4
Rustic
.Sea Adder
Slipi)erv Jack
17 50
IKJtJS.)
Richibucto
10
11
James Legoff
Richibucto
„
32 50
llGliSG
26 00
NORTHUMBERLAND COUNTY.
96725 Bessie T....
12<i2:.l Elia..
K'O'.Mto F^vangeline..
122022 (Jander
10O969 John iiuU...
92420 Mary Umise
12_M'.l.') Victory . .
12ti2:)2 White Cap ,
~ 22—3
Chatham 10 Donald Loggie | Burnt Church.
It 11 Peter Richard. iSargent
. .... 10 Fen ton Carroll Chatham .. ..
10 Harold Willi.ston Bay du Vin . .
10 liuke Mallay jNeguac
.... 13 Donald Loggie Burnt Church.
■ 10 J. P. Sidlivan Escuminac.. . .
1 11 Patrick Jimmo " n ....
47 50
26 00
32 50
25 00
32 50
43 00
32 50
33 50
31
MARINE AND FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
List of Vessels which received Fishing Bounty, ifcc. — New Brunswick — Con.
ST. JOHN COUNTY.
'G
•E
O
Name of Vessel.
Port of Registry.
1
Name of Owner
or
Managing Owner.
Residence.
d
Amount of
Bounty paid.
ItOGfiO
1)4658
Alice May
Carrie H
Yaniionth
St. John
Barrington
Yarmouth
18
20
13
31
Patrick Murray
A. G. Thompson
Wm. J. Wilson
Chas. Harkins
Dipper Harbour. . .
Lorneville
Dipper Harbour. . .
2
3
2
4
$ cts.
33 00
42 50
100320
Lena
28 00
103704
Whisper
(il 00
PROVINCE OF PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND.
KINGS COUNTY.
71302
100445
110294
75904
12208G
1220S1
116308
107759
126063
100696
107985
96770
112378
112296
112125
96727
122085
107770
Alice
Carrie O
Charlotte S
Empres-s
Florence
Frank
Francis D. Cook . .
Hustler
John G.Scrimgeour
Marion Fnierson. .
Muriel
O. L. B
Olive S
Outlook
Pearl
Ryse
Silver Spray
Success
Charlottetown
Canso
Charlottetown
Pictnu ....
Shelburne
Pt. Haw kes bury
Charlottetown . .
Lunenburg
Chathau)
Charlottetown . .
John Gerrior. . . .
Kdwd. Colbert. .
Samuel Penny. . . .
Thos. Gosbee . . . .
Lot Graham
J. M, Cheverie . .
Reuben Cc>hoon . .
Lauohlin McNeill.
Herbert Williams,
i Wallace White...
25 Silas Sencabaugh
12 William Gillam .
26 Alex Jackson ...
Hugh Jackson. .
J. A. McKenzie.
Thos. Poole
Wm. Johnston. .
J. J. Hughes. ..
(Georgetown. . . .
Beach Point. . .
Murray Hbr. S.
Beach Point.
Souris
Beach Pomt.
Murray Hljr.
Souris
Point Pleasant.
Peach Point . . .
Souris ....
Montague
Souris. . . .
32 50
27 OO
36 50
56 00
29 Ou
32 50
77 00
50 50
44 00
60 00
62 m
34 50
48 50
58 50
44 00
41 00
38 50
15 00
PRINCE COUNTY.
1 17096 I Alaska Arichat
94670 Effie J. Agnew. . . . Charlottetown
100910 JGleauer Chatham . . . .
103592 jRosamond Charlottetown
94992 Sarah P. Ayer....
107700 Western Prince. . . n
H. A. Adam. ...
John Agnew
Anthony Gallant.
G. A. Champion.
John Champion. .
Wallace Richards
I reeland
Alberton
Tignish . .
Danley . .
Alberton
3
32 50
7
88 50
5
50 50
3
40 50
9
127 50
1
17 50
QUEENS COUNTY.
107763
1005S0
117026
100474
1220H2
92745
Guinea Charlottetown
Maggie E. C
Mary E. Daisley.
R. Beatrice. . . .
Sea View
Surprise
Lunenburg. . . .
Sydney
Charlottetown
Boyce Harding,
.r. H. McLeod . .
Avery Daisley. .
J. Delaney
Cliarles Burt. . . .
Frank Pidgeon.
French River
Dingwall, C.B
French River.
Sea View .
French River.
40 00
.50 00
37 50
5(; 50
28 0((
63 00
FISIIIXG Bar's TIES
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
List of Vessels which ncoived Fi-hing Bounty — ContiniieJ.
35
PROVINCE OF OUEBEC.
GASPE COUNTY.
c
[3
"3
SE
O
884t;4
HoiOO
8r):i:i'.»
1114:^0
!)4fi75
Name of vessel.
Port of Registry.
a
c
0
Name of Owner
or
Managing Owner.
Residence.
-6
o
d
'6
I
of
= 1
S
<
Marv K. .
Aricliat
10
Amherst, M. I. . .
5
S Ct8.
47 50
Minnie M
.Minnie May
Sliainrock
Sucv-ess
Magdalen Inland l.S
..10
Halifax 23
1.5
Hoiiore Cormier
W. liondreau
Alfred Vigneau ... .
R. J. L-slie & Co . .
5
4
5
5
i50 50
40 00
60 50
52 50
SAGUENAY COUNTY.
75445
Phoenix*
Gaspe
28
Ulric Gagne
Caribou Islands. . .
2
42 50
*For
1908.
-:U
36
MARINE AND FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
APPENDIX No. 3.
NOVA SCOTIA.
District No. 1. — Comprising the. four counties of Cape Breton. Inspector J. G.
Morrison, English town.
District No. 2. — Comprising the counties of Cumberland, Colchester, Pictou, An-
tigonish, Guy>borough, Halifax and Hants. Inspector, R. Hockin, Pictou.
District No. 3. — Comprising the counties of Kings, i^nnapolis, Digby, Yarmouth,
Shelburne, Queens and Lunenburg. Inspector, A. C. Robertson, Barrington Passage.
ANNUAL REPORT OF THE FISHERIES OF DISTRICT No. I.
To the Superintendent of Fisheries,
Ottawa.
Sir, — I have the honour to submit herewith my annual report of the fisheries
for District No. 1, which comprises the four counties of Cape Breton Island, for the
fiscal year ended March 31, 1910, together with tabulated statistics, showing the catch
in detail, the materials engaged therein and the number of persons employed.
I regret to have to report a decrease in the total value, as compared with the
year 1908, of $198,641 12.
In the leading commercial branches, namely, cod, haddock, salmon, herring,
' lobsters and mackerel, cod and haddock show an increase. The following tabulated
statement gives the extent of the increase and decrease in these branches.
1908.
Cod
Haddock
Salmon . .
Herring.
Lobster. .
Mackerel .
$ cts.
205,158
116,490
2.5,77!)
182,676
242,285
501,303
1909.
$ cts.
332,922
160,114
20,765
161,932
185,480
334,789
Increase.
$ cts.
67,764
43,624
Decrease.
$ cts.
5,014
2",744
56,805
166,514
The increase in the value of the cod and haddock fisheries, is due to the increase in
the catch and to better prices being obtained than in 1908.
These fish were plentiful in shore during the spring and summer months, with a
fairly good supply of bait, and little or no trouble from the dog-fish pest, the fishermen
were able to make good catches. The fall fishing was not so good owing to the weather
conditions. A great many haddock, were taken in fish traps, at lugonish, in the county
of Victoria.
The salmon fishery shows a decrease of .$5,014, compared with the year 190"^. These
fish appear to be becoming scarcer, from year to year, on this part of the coast and fewer
people engage in this branch of the fishing industry.
The herring fishery shows a large decrea.se in value, wliich is chiefly due to the
small demand for the spring run of these fish, which are used principally for bait for the
FISHERY INSPECTORS' REPORTS— NOVA SCOTIA 37
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
bank cod fishery and tor lobster bait. As the fish sold for the bank fishery is purchased
by fishing vessels from Gloucester, ^Newfoundland, St. Pierre and Lunenburg, the supply
depends on the demand and when the demand is liglit, this run of herring is not sought
so eagerly. Very few of this run are salted for export. The catch of fat sum-
mer herring was better on the eastern side of the island, than it ha.s been for a
number of years.
There has been a large decrease in the value of the lobster fishery. The decrease
is due to the weather conditions and to differences between the packers and the lobster
fishermen in relation to the price of green lobsters. During the lobster fishing season,
there were three bad storms which destroyed a large portion of the lobster g< ar, in fact
in some places many of the fishermen lost all their lobster fishing gear.
The trouble over the price, was the cause of closing some of the canneries, and in
some of the sections where the canneries did operate, some fishermen did not fish, con-
sideiing the prices offered by the packers, too low. I think that if the conditic ns had
been favourable, the catch would have been an average one.
Mackerel show the largest decrease of any branch of the fisheries, but this year
shows an increase over 1907 of 897,015.50. In the spring of 1908, these fish were taken
in abundance in Richmond county, and along the southern shore of the county of
Cape Breton. The catch of these fish seems to depend chiefly on the manner in which
they are pursued by the .\merican seiners. The summer and fall mackerel, have become
very scarce along the shores of this district. There has not been any mackerel taken
with hook and line in this district for the past few years.
Alewives or gaspereaux, show an increase of 1,018 barrels over the year 1908. This
branch of the fishery is confined to rivers and lakes, the most of which is taken in the
Margaree River and Lake Ainslie, in the county of Inverness.
Smelts show an increase of 47,920 lbs. over the year 1908. This branch of the
fishing industry would show a still larger increase, had the weather conditions been
more favourable.
The mild winter weather prevented the fishing being carried on as extensively as
it could have been had there been more ice formed on some of the streams frequented
by these fish.
The oyster fishery of this district, which is quite light, shows a decrease for the
past two or three years.
I find that there is a decrease of nine in the number of fishing vessels engaged in the
fi:>hing, during the year 1909, and a decrease of 106 men employed on fishing %'essels.
While there is an increase of 46 in the number of boats engag. d in the fishing, there is
a decrease of 72 men, engaged in fishing in boats. The fishery regulations have been
well observed throughout the district during the year.
I have the honour to be, sir,
Your obedient sei vant,
JOHN G. MORRISON,
Inspector of Fisheries.
38 MARINE AND FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
ANNUAL REPORT OF THE FISHERIES OF DISTRICT No. 2.
To the Superintendent of Fisheries,
Ottawa.
Sir, — I have the honour to submit my annual report of the Fisheries of District
No. 2, of the province of Nova Scotia, for the year ending March -31, 1910.
Tlie estimated value of all the fish taken in the district is $1,767,762, which com-
pared with the estimated value of the catch last year $2,026,440, shows a decr.ase of
about 12^ per cent, and although some changes have been made in the price list at which
the several kinds are to be computed, the effect of this change is about balanced, the
aggregate of the increases in price being about the same us the decreases.
Of the deep sea fishes there is an increase in the quantity of codfish of about
twenty five per cent, but a decrease in halibut of twenty per cent, and of pollock a
decrease of about thirty per cent, while the catch of haddock and hake is about the
same as last year.
The catch of herring is twenty five per cent more than last year, while that of
mackerel is about fifty per cent less.
There is a decrease in the catch of salmon over the district of about twelve per
cent.
Oa the Atlantic coast, in Guysboro' and Halifax, there was an increase of about 13
percent; on the bay of Fundy, a decrease of 14 per cent; while on the s' raits of
Northumberland, there is a decrease of fifty per cent.
A storm early in the season bad the effect of damaging the nets to such an extent
in the straits of Northamberland that they were out of the business for the rest of the
season.
I do nut think the rivers flowing into the straits have had much assistance from
the hatcheries during the past five or six years and this may perhaps account for the
decline.
The weather conditions when the fish are ascending to their spawning resorts in the
rivers flowing in to the strait of Northumberland, were favourable, for the rivers were
about the average height at that season of the year.
The catch was about the same as last year which was the lowest on record, being
158 barrels, an average catch being about 1,200 barrels. I have no hope that there
will be any better condition until there is a close season established covering the period
when the fish are in the rivers for spawning.
The catch of alewivcs is about twent}' five per cent more than last year, but is not
one-half of what it was twenty years ago.
MACKEREL.
There is a decrease of fifty per cent compai-ed with last year which was the largest
for ten years.
LOBSTERS.
The catch is about 14 per cent less than last year — largely owing to the stormy
weather on the Atlantic coast during the fishing season, the decline on the coast being
about twenty-eight per cent as compared with the previous year — while on the straits
of Northumberland the decline was about five per cent.
I'lsiiKitv ixsrncTDh's- iiKi'oirrs—yov \ scotia 39
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
Most of the p-^ople engager] in this Hsliery attribute the condition of the fishery on
the straits of Nortliuniberiand to the hatchery whinh has been in operation for twenty
years.
Over tlie district as a wliole the close season for h)l)st('r8 was well observed, the only
infractions of the law being on that puts of the district b )rdering upon New Brunswick,
■where fishing, is It-gally carried on for a longer period than in this district.
Some arrests were made and the guilty persons fined, and while a motor boat was
engaged in illegal fishing, it was ca{)luif'd by the officer in charge of patrol boat number
one. It was confiscated and sold.
.SWOKI) FISH.
Quite a number of these fish were taken on the Atlantic coast this year, which is
an unusual thing.
The fish weighed from 250 to 500 ll)s. each, and are worth from S15 to 830 each,
the usual way of taking them is with a liarpoon.
Proceedings were taken against violators of the Fisheries Act in twenty-two instances
and conviction obtained in fourteen ca.ses.
A number of owners or occupiers of mill dams were duly notified to construct fish-
ways in their dams. Some of which were built, ethers in progress.
There are .several dams in tlie district which should be provided with fish ways to
which v>>iir attenion will be directed in the usual w-ay.
I am, sir.
Your obedient servant.
ROBERT HOC KIN,
Inspector of Fisheries.
40
MARIXE AXD FISHEIilES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
NOVA SCOTIA
Return showing the Number, Tonsiage and Value of Vessels and Boats and the Quantity
in the County of Richmond, province
Fishing Vessels and Boats.
Districts.
Richmoml County.
Port Richmond and vicinity
River Iniiabitants and
Louisdale
River Bonrpeois and St.
Peters
West Bay
Arichat and Petit de Grat. 18
C. Aiiguet to Port Royal!
including Janvrin Island.; 3
Rocky Bay and vicinity
Vessels.
10
112
25
261
282-93
49 35
Descousse to Martinique. . . 1
9iFourchu and Framboise and
vicinity
10 L'ArchevequeandSt. Esprit
11 L'Ardoise Lower and West
and vicinity | 3
12 Rockdale, St. Peters, Gran-
de Greve and vicinity. . .
13 Irish and Hay Coves, Barra
Hd. and Red Islands . . .
Totals .
41
Gf) 39
60
856-67
1800
1100
7100
4000
850
"soo
2000
17950
Boats.
20 60
I
19
193
81
45
30
129
143
61
7
85
59
347
93
37
1177
600
935
530
360
1451
1614
822
85
5100
3940
18700
2290
365
36791
68
97
52
36
177
184
92
9
279
130
715
145
55
2039
FisHTNG Gear
Gil Nets.
1000
900
450
120
1000
1080
900
140
375
350
4600
684
40
11639
20000
18000
9000
2400
22000
21100
18000
2800
7500
7000
92000
19680
800
240280
4000
3600
1800
480
10000
10800
9000
1400
3750
2890
46000
G840
400
10090 60
Trap
Nets.
I
E
1
1
6
>
;
750
750
Trawls.
100
60
40
30
2700
610
250
115
300
169
740
530
340
5984
FIl^HERY IXSPECTOIiS' REPORTS— NOVA SCOTIA 41
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
DISTRICT No. 1.
and Value of all Fishing Materials and other Fixtures used in the Fishing Indus' rv"
of Nova Scotia, for the year 1909.
OR M.ATERI.M.S.
LoitsTEK Plant.
OtIIKK FlXTlHKS ISKI) IN FiSHElUES.
0
0 M
Smelt
Nets.
Hand
Lines.
Can-
neries.
Traps.
i
Freezers
and Ice
Houses.
Smoke and
Fish
Houses.
Piers
and
Wharfs.
Tugs,
Steamers
& Smacks.
Bag-
nets.
u
u
c
^
c
c
h
C
^
V
.a
ai
^
«
^
§ !io
^
3;
^
3>
.s
i7
^
. e
^
«
a>
M
k
a
ti
3
ti
a
6
ti
3
S
.3
S
3
B
S
3
3
B
a
"3
^
c8
a
a
3
a j s
3
o3
5
<a
3
c3
3
a
3
"3
"3
3
^
>
^
>
^
>
^
1
^
>
z,
>
^
>
^
>
^
>
>
^
$
$
$
1
$
$
$
$
$
$
100
100
100
100
800
350
400 ...
1
175 .. .
65
80
650
800
10
5
1000
400
....
8650
7700
1
55
530
2
50
125
256
256
1
300
1700
850 18
1
2000
87
3440
8
2700
3
500
19941
3
70
20O
70
4(X)
2
2800
'9800
'"98C0,'i6C
i
'" 500
32
89
356
890
36
'720
"2
"366
::
1296
33C01
4
8
40
5
25
125
152
304
o
900
10900
10900
130
1
400
56
1180
63
780
3
350
3
150
28953
6
10
50
61
172
1
5C0
3400
3100
75
30
300
30
380
1
100
14974
7
25
125
40
200
360
390
9
26
510
18
280
4
320
4225
8
851
174
715
147
2.57
108
584
113
1
1
1
1500
500
1000
2640
850
900
725
1320
425
'450
372
2-!
23
18
60
47
187
45
1820
.560
10860
22i 1000
1 50
fii 2060
3
I.tOO
","
16.547
8342
82844
13405
f»
1 200
10
1
2
200
500
11
1 1
610 3 1150
12
55
2921
39
2703
..
3
27
240, 2| 650
....(
2034
18
995
1
8
173
9
7500
32425
28482
457
2900
831 22216 2041 11170
15 3550
570I242522
42
MARINE AND FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
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FISHERY INSPKCTORS' RKPOins—XOVA s:C0TIA
43
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
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so o c<5 1^ -^ i^ t^ "o (>■ »^ e<i c-1 •-H
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44
MARINE AND FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 191 1
Return showing the Number, Tonnage and Value of Vessels, Boats, Nets, &c.,
Districts.
Fishing Vks.sels and Boats.
Fishing Gear
Vessels.
!
Boats.
Gill Nets. iCod Nets.
i
Trap
Nets.
Trawls.
i
i
s
a
c
1
1
i
a
1
u
s
a
o
1
fa
2
>
1
i
fa
6
•>
E
s
6
s
>
J
a
3
a5
3
3
1
Cape Breton Co.
Gabarus and vici-
nity
$
35
15
50
26
77
40
48
25
90
37
104
28
$
3050
150
2500
1270
1650
2000
580
96
^70
7Rm
2980
$
s
2
3
4
15 20 210
96 .^00! 7.^00
120
2100
Louisburg
Big Lorraine and
vicinity
3
59
1800
14
40
200
39
5
6
L. Lorraine, Mira
Riv. including
Main-a-Dieu . .
7
98
3380
36
199
120
5S
521
200
16015
4000
5860
2000
49
15
20
230
1215
84
105
16
1774
490
150
7
s
Port Morien and
, . '
1000
,
150
North Sydney. . . .
Glace Bay, Lingan
and Sydney Har-
bour
Little Bras d'Or.
Little and Bi g
Ponds & Sydney
Mines
East Bay, both
sides, G. Nar-
rows and vicinity
Upper North Syd-
ney, Long Island ,
Leitches Creek,
&c
6
2
1
108
49
11
3000
4000
21
10
500 35
184
553
116
170
86
3864
11613
3090
3518
1720
1656
4653
510
1101
430
345
9
1370
980
131
71
1825
10
11
2501 4
273
!*>
1297 1 174
20
400
8
416
383
56
100
Totals
19
400
8
325
12430
85
575
15730
1090
2520
58880
22710
20
3949
FISIIIIUY ISsl'EUTOliS' REl'ORTii—yOYA SCOTIA
45
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
in the County of Cape Breton, Province of Nova Scotia, for the Year 1909.
OK Matkuial.s.
Lou
sTKu r
l..\NT.
OtHKK Fi.\TLKE.S ISKI)
IN FiSHKUIKH.
0
X .
j
Weirs.
Smelt
Nets.
Hand
Lines.
C
anne-
rie.s.
Tra
.S 'Freezers
ps. ^ and Ice
5!_ ' Houses.
Smoke
and Fish
Houses.
Piers
and
Wharfs.
Tugs,
Steamers
&Smack8
bi
u
u
c
^ <v u
u
b
u
^
0)
^
u
S>
9
%
oJ
%
^- § s 1^
0;
^
3>
Ji
«
i
V
jj
X
S
'a
y
'3
Is
5
■« ^6
s
3
-3
3
3
-3
5
"3
E
^
3
■3
a
^
>
9
z
>
$
^
> A
>
J5
> ^
K
>
^
>
^
>
A
>
>
•z
%
%
$
$
$
$ .
$
.5
10
30
180
117
4
7000
11400
8300
2900
88
17
850
6
"i
6000
"500
283271 1
270
21150
9
250
1
2000
35fX)
40
6
1100
32
4500
18
3000
3
1270
15666
4
4
12
238
120
2
3000
3
120
61
464
41
570
5
240
50
92
438
120
25
46
210
3
1800
320
8550
400
5600
160
8000
400
5600
40
25
5
53
326
500
100
820
4755: 6
54
94
4
1
?,
600
2000
7000
2
1
1
600
200
80
13255: 7
3
30
2
10
1600
6400
9877
36467
s
f.
4500
9
4
30
125
175
72
72
1
1000
28
21
370
257
16
270
1
250
4005
3187
10
90
36
11
25
46
75
177
44
fff.
1010
T>
1
12
2082
1063
12
18300
29860
25396
276
17
11820
265' 7336 104
12690
7630
139239
46
MARINE AND FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
Re'IURN showing the kinds and quantities of Fish and Fish Products in the
Districts.
Kinds
OK Fish
E
1
o
a
"3
a;
.* 1
be
a
S
X
"u
>
O
0)
35
1200
m
|l
O
.1
o
O
m
a;
§
o
c
0 c3
cSCB
1
Cope Breton Co.
Gabai'us and vicinity. .
1000
450
1143
1()5
CO
2000
10350
120
645
"l906
925
20
5000
95000
10700
11800
55200
800
'4800
6170
"1760
3285
930
100
1900
5270
1060
1236
3040
isooo
200
12000
35500
4700
130
"420
1747
1120
25
800
1490
250
2
3
4
5
Grand Mira
6000
6820
1400
300
800
Louisburg
*Big Lorraine & vici-
nity
L. Lorraine, Mira Kiv.
infl iVTn.iii-:\-Dipn
15000 680
77251 395
2150 IS
12000
7
Port Morien and vici-
'8000
43000
1000
130
53616
22560
" '46
260
52
8
9
10
11
North Sydney ... ...
Glace Bay, Lingan and
Sydney Harbour.. .
Little Bras d'Or, Little
and Big Ponds and
Sydney Mines. .....
East Bay, both sides.
Grand Narrows and
12
Upper North Sydney)
Long I.slands and
730
Totals
67400
15320
1(J663
12534.-.
76875
2423
132176
5152
24751
5982
12000
.f 2298
74983 50
1253 45
7687 50
29076
.39652 80
20608 1 9i.^7-'i-^
1685
20937
720
No fishing carried on.
FISHERY 1\SPECT0R;s' REPOHrS—yoVA SCOTIA
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
County of Cape Breton, Provincf of Nova Scotia, for the Year 1909.
47
KiNU.s OK Fish.
Total.
Value ok
ALL
Fish.
t
s
23
t
■■J
•■J
o
I
1
1
s
33
x_a
> „'
<
i
1
ID
o
m
S3
1
o
V
V3
b
T3
O
u
1^'
.2
'5
cr
X
Is
u
1
■5
13
.a
1
e!
X
20
£
X
^
^
SO
30001 300
1
1 6000
30.. .
%")
If.
1000
30
3000
68,0.57 50
1,725 00
43,604 'ii)
1
150
9.
05
...
1890
260
3
4
:::.
1015
1120
970
2000
6000
18000
22500
10200
la
580
500
7200
800
41
5
5
12
20
1860
980
48
180
500
1000
860
255
215
2
2
38,282 45
14,125 80
18 392 30
26,180 00
98,784 50
9,175 89
14,350 90
18,605 00
5
6
7
90
8
5400
112
8
111
1400
507
120
9
10 70
75
296
19
25:^
8
299
10
96
200
4900
11
12
'
96
2<K)
55^00
■■ '1
4
6
40; 2655 02670 5700 43 1-5080
182 111
9757
3338
i;007
100
7965
6207 j 570, 430. 754
103C
2990
576
6
118
546i 222'2634 39
1 1
351883 64
48
MARINE AND FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
Return showing the Number, Tonnage and Value of Vessels and Boats, (fee..
Districts.
Fishing Vessels .■^nd Boats.
Fishing Gear
Vessels.
Boats.
(iill Nets.
Seines.
Trap
Nets.
Trawls.
1
c
S
3
s
s
a)
>
£
1
1
a5
>
s
g
O
>
ID
g
3
s
o
c
B
a
6
1
s
3
. 58
10
14
59
213
42
12
15
05
>
1
Victoria County.
Little Narrows,
lona and Wash-
%
70
34
21
69
198
77
52
35
12
9
11
$
795
652
420
1380
3545
3550
720
700
180
180
110
107
27
22
103
386
105
100
60
24
18
26
129
58
60
190
498
120
56
45
12
18
16
1518
1624
2000
5930
11260
2400
1850
1540
360
450
384
$
744
609
700
2050
3680
1200
1196
700
120
240
128
%
233
2
Baddeck districts
73
3
Wreck Cove to
2
3
10
2
1
2
1600
2400
5000
2000
1000
2000
100
4
Briton Cove to Ba-
rachois & vi-jinity.
North and South
Bays & vicinity .
Neil's Harbour and
12
2o8
5100
49
444
6
1491
6
630
7
Bay St. Lawrence
75
•^
White Point
Sparling's B'k and
3
39
1200
12
90
u
10
1
1000
4
11
438
24
11
Cai)e Dauphin and
Table
55
Totals
15
247
6300
61
588
12232
978
1202 29316
11367
21
15000
3215
FIF^HERY IXSPECTORs' J^'EPORTS—NOVA fiCOTIA
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
in the County of Victoria, Province of Nova Scotia, for tho Year 1909-10.
49
OK M.\TEK1.\LS.
L()B.STEK Plant.
F
a
Othki
Fixtures used in Fisherie.s.
g
X
^^
o
X
Wiera.
Smelt
Nets.
Hand
Line.
(
S
3
tanne-
ries.
s
>
Tr
S
3
ips.
i
>
a
T3
e a,
Pm
reezers
nd Ice
ouses.
Smoke and
Fi.sh
Houses.
Piers and
Wharfs.
i Tugs,
Steamers
& Smac's
a
J
>
s
1
1
"3
>
3
133
50
49
148
826
240
200
120
48
36
22
s
"3
>
$
59
26
34
103
826
240
300
180
72
54
11
1
s
3
1
>
(4
S
1
J
>
1
3
3
-3
>
J
E
1
«
3
3
3
1
3
$
$
.«
7
88
$
^
191t
1402
1
....
2
18
14
1100
5050
14
1100
1
10
1
3
30
600
9
2
3
800
1450
17
13
41
24
35
1
3
600
2100
5000
1800
500
1000
5384 4
5050 49
1
1
4
1
100
2900
700
1
20
3
6000
3476
1700
21677 s
2
8
31025
16420
8191
8230
4372
5
3
1
1
1
1
900
1000
500
1000
500
2950
3000
1100
3000
900
1
2950 45
3000 20
1100 8
3000 12
900 9
3
1
1
750
400
60
n
7
....
2
700
8
1
300
8
1500
8
800
1
500
5998 10
4
304J 11
;
7
I
2618721905'
11
6150
17114
17114 160
4000
1
1
132 12588
35
12685
10
2340
104922
22-4
50
MARINE AND FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
Return showing the Kiuds and Quantities of Fish and Fish Products in the
Districts.
Kinds ok Fish.
Salmon, fresh, lb.
Salmon, salted or
smoked, lb.
05
m
bo
'&^
u
w
tl
t£
s
31200
30200
1.
i
Lobsters, preserved
i in cans, lb.
.5
■r.
t
O
4^
G
Haddock, Sinoked,
finnan haddies,
lb.
1
Victoria Comitii.
Little Narrows, lona and
Washabuckt
Baddeck districts & vicinity.
Wreck Cove to Smt)ky Head
Briton Cove to Barasois and
vicinity
North and South Bays and
vicinity
Neil's Harbour and New
1000
1170
1500
900
4400
1800
40j
32
60
255
650
22
285
460
40
43
44
HM
i
2
s
"is
5
12144
34812
10
39i 1
120 417
4
5
360000
2100
238
5201
3670
070
1130
60
185
68
11381
226
8537
890
230
219
15
54
10589
39000
6
9
221 2 1
7
8
Bay St. Lawrence & vicinity
White Point
Sjtarling's B'k & Sugar Loaf.
Dingwall
Cape Dauphin and Table . . .
Totals
Values %
3200
1970
iooo
15504 ....
4416 ...
9600 ....
0
10
n
20
2100
"i
302
5664
....
104264
....
159
15140
1800
2296
421420
39000
2271
360
10332
4214 20
210
^m
31279 20' 636
50905
37061 50
2340
FISHERY IXSPECTOKS' liEPOUTS—yOTA SCOTIA
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
County of Victoria, Province of Nova Scotia, for the Year 1909-10.
51
40
30
177 50
Kl.NDS OF Fl.su.
... GOO
1 100 550
116
G05
£0
3000
1100
3800
2100
I 5000
860 151C0
2580 1510
1150
115
1040
800
1000
2840
0) .T
> 5
i
27
142 94 50
109500
8800
118300
2366
W
106
113
1130
l-J 5
Srv! ' 5
176
12
188
1128
3700
600
4300
86
90
50
210
466
1398
9
20
117
140
110 27.50
1660
700
800
150
6434
1737 18
fe ;f^
131
11
6C
140
50
350
20
50
792J20
118810
o £
301500
6 ...
36;i500
54
300
TOIAL
Vai.le ok
ALL FlsH.
7,678 69
343 40
901 29
17,948 90
69,020 00
812 40
632 70
237 80
412 50
781 20
550 20
163,319 08
'^
-ih
52 MARINE AND FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
Retukn showing the Number, Tonnage and Value of Vessels, Boats, <fec.,
DlSTUICTS.
Fl.SHING VkS!SEL
S ANM> Bo.\TS.
Fishing
Gear
Vessels.
Boats.
Gill Nets.
Seines.
Traj)
Nets.
Trawls.
1
3
J
g
3
22
a
263
3
>
9950
S i
■g as
92
s
3
32
63
44
28
13
41
42
19
90
89
50
3
>
0)
B
3
1
>
S
3
1
i
eS
120
ai
la
>
300
Si
SI
S
1
>
s
3
2
3
1
2
Invtrncss County.
Meat Cove, Pol-
let's Cove and
Pleasant Bay. . .
Cape Rouge, East-
ern Harbour and
Cheticamp
MargareeHarbour
and Belle Cote..
390
3250
1350
1000
250
700
650
165
2030
1010
840
1500
125
80
69
19
88
100
49
115
110
83
140
69
318
66
77
27
30
179
32
370
155
85
406
2550
27435
2800
3860
1430
1525
24-^3
442
11100
$
1730
3690
1060
2716
1179
140
1349
171
S7nn
15
3
13
5
11
108
200
4
Doueette's, Dela-
ney's and Whale
Coves
47
5
Chimnej' Corner
St. Ro.se. . ..
Broad Cove Cha-
pel, Margaree
Riv. & vicinity.
Inverness, Broad
Cove and Ma-
22
6
33
7
900
8
Port Banc, Sight
Point and Why-
cocomagh
9
Port Hood, Little
Mabou and Sea-
side
1
500
430
123
46
63
826
1720
10
Judique,Creignish
and vicinity. . .
1
1
15
10
250
2<0
3
3
4650 1550
2550 850
8120 R^*^
492
11
Pts. Hastings and
Hawkesbury . . .
West Bay, River
Deny.s and Ma-
lagawatch
184
12
125
189
Total
24
288
1
120
:i00
1
500
10400
98
636
13135
1049
1814
68935
18957
3802
FISHERY INSPECTORS' REPORTS— NOVA SCOTIA
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
in the County of Inverness, Province of NovaScotia, for the Year 1909-10.
53
OR
Matkki.\i.s.
C
•
1
1
Lob
anne-
ries.
•i
>
■STKK \
Trf
J
s
3
L.^NT.
11>S.
Othkk
Kl.\TLKK.s L
SEl
IN FISHKKIK.S.
Whole Fisi
Gkar.
Weirs.
Sn
N
S
aeh
ets.
Hand
Lines.
a
T3
Freezers
and Ice
House.
Smoke and
Fish
House.
Piers
and
Wharfs.
Tugs,
Steamers
& Sma(k.>«.
1^
3
>
J
c
5
_3
Value.
Persons Emjil
Canneries.
c
5
;2i
5
>
i
s
3
>
c
1
i
>
S
4J tu
3 3
"« 13
U
i
s
3
$
9
9
$
.$
«
«
129
277
3<X)
153
485
160
3
5
2
3300
?750
250
3950
9750
150
2225
5075
60
35
88
17
8
5
4
210
3350
1850
5
24
20
70
4075
1050
1
14
13
7000
13600
700
1
1
350
300
15743
1
1
46225; 2
....
1
6980 3
339
156
1
200
600
200
13
1
50
15
850
4
400
i
5619 4
aq' a^
1
150
400
150
,.
1
100
3
140
1
100
2146' 5
23
400
20
20
97
157
1
300
10
950
6
300
3
200
3200
6
7
58
199 irin
1
800
4900
1660
42
f)
1500
9
300
3
3000
10317
7
47
375
24
375
800
6800
200
4080
43
2
2
800
2400
4
100
1
5
1000
10000
3
300
2460
29095
8
10
40
2
3000
45I 950
9
....
7
f55
30
325
175
85
175
85
4
2300
7500
800
4500
480
4.1
321 650
131 60240
1
3
2
20000
5000
4
250
31207
10
..
1
4000
72204 11
109
473
312
M
1
19 223
19
204
301912
19
2.3
400
2404
1996
12750
35651
18940 288
36
15210
188' 68948
1
1 ^^
61204
9
1200
228215
U 7 MARINE AND FISHERIES '\
1 GEORGE v., A. f91t
Return showing the kinds and quantities of Fish and Fish Products in the
Districts.
Inve.rness County.
iMeat Cove, Pollett's Covo
[ and Pleasant Bay
2 Cape Rouge, Eastern Har-
I bour and Cheticainp
■3 Mai'garee Harbour and
' Belle Cote
4 Doucette's, Delaney's and
Whale Coves
5 Chimney Corner and St.
Rose
Broad Cove Chapel, Mar-
garee River and vicinity.
Inverness, Broad Cove and
Mabou Harbour ......
Port Banc, Sight Point and
Whycoconiagh
0 Port Hood, Little Mabou
and Seaside
Judique, Creignish and
vicinitj'
Port Hastings and Hawkes-
bury
West Bay, River Dennys
and Malaga watch
Kinds of Fish.
6900
12850
14832
.2G0OO
18750
2800
3000
3500
11200
Totals
Values .
99832
a^"
SS
672
672
1497480 100 80
82
785
350
220
110
90
260
42
1130
780
600
w
22000
3400
7700
9900
?R .
■i:%
tT
m "
^-3
-o
QSl
nf
o «
I-]
O
87
377
135
136
1800
000 '
2101352000!
4659;395000l2-f00
94
105
10
65
28
24l0
22752
47924
13344
4176
1536
38688
32496
20965 50 3950 240 41364
344;
160)16
698
J 20
64
4041 1500
3953! 000
9.55'
I
374
40|
100
535!
150
580 76600
110 3200
(>5 350000
1000 ... .
882 826( J 432200
n
425
40
35
16
32
98
13
2.30
4S
955
48274 80 3528 41330 10805 3342 50
FISHERY INSPECTORS' REPORTS— NOVA SCOTIA
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
County of Inverness, Province of Nova Scotia, for tlie Year 1909-10.
55
Kinds ok Fish.
28
35
7
30
70
13
435
45
7
-Q
«
.^
s
^
^
••^
X
ji
3
iT'
i
J
3
2
J<
^.x
n
^
0
o5
1
S ■ to - JS
g '- — I 1
02 ]■< W
1
<^
i^
1^
>-,
~-4Z
o
H
;»7t 300
15 1500
471300 COO 2000
5 4000 600
1150
100
550
3000
100
3100
50001500
124
15
90
200
4300
2
13
800120800
773, 300] 75 8600 8100
^jz "2 !?".£:
M P
_2
^
^
n
3
s
«•
e
s
s,
cS
S
J3
-
.s
a
"3
c3
^
^
00
^
.x:
,£:
s
■r
«
h
s
P^
w
181 121
555
60
110
55
60
15
5
25
75
48
265
7
30
41
7
3150
46 125 9000
-. S
220
180
3800
910
450
1100
145
550
50
95
100
320
215
610
38
35
182
475
2G
58
260
310
133
625
195
45
S cts.
20
12,840 80
51,808 20
20,011 50
11,645 95: 4
4,518 80 5
10,194 00 6
7,720 05, 7
1,280 76
25,399 04
16,338 82
53,755 16
11,862 70
1032 50
75 225 860 810
32300 15001 335 125 90X> 3984! 6(!6: 5544 .5343 470 195 65
1615
5250 3350 750 1801195211332 1490 88 8014 50 235 292 50 130 227,375 78
i I ! I
56
MARINE AND FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
RECAPITULATION
Of the Yield and Value of the Fisheries in district No I (Island of Cape Breton)
for the Year 1909-10.
Kinds of Fish.
Cod, dried Cwt.
M fresh or e:rec n . Lb.
M tongues and sounds . . Brls.
Haddock, dried Cwt.
n fresh Lb.
s smoked (finnan haddies) . Lb.
Hake, dried Cwt.
II sounds Lb.
Pollock, dried , Cwt.
Tom cod or frost fish Lb.
Halibut ,1
Flounders i,
Salmon, preserved in cans h
11 fresh or frozen n
II smoked m
Trout (all kinds) Lb.
Smelts 11
Herring, salted Bils.
II fresh or frozen Lb.
Shad, salted Lb.
Ale wives h
Eels, salted Lb.
Dog-fish Cwt.
Mackerel, salted Brl.s.
11 fresh Lb.
Lobsters, preserved in cans . . , Lb.
II alive or fresh Cwt.
Oysters Brls.
Clams, Quahaugs, etc h
Squid ,1
Coarse and mixed fish n
Hair seal skins No.
Fish used as bait , Brls.
Fish as fertilizer . .'
Fish oil, of all kinds Galls.
Sword-fi.sh ... Lb.
Total value for the year 11)0!)
Quantity.
64,492
493,300
87
28,112
2,065,680
168,000
2,667
578
7,307
43,800
119,240
117,510
972
133,467
3,000
22,080
114,920
33,634
1,057,965
71
2,487
1,146
1,689
24,266
435,975
529,760
6,638
409
955
6,112
1,947
235
11,095
954
33,104
2,600
Prices.
cts.
5 00
0 02
8 00
3 50
0 02^
0 06"
2 50
0 25
3 00
0 02
0 10
0 03
0 15
0 15
0 20
0 10
0 05
4 50
0 01
10 00
3 50
10 00
1 00
12 00
0 10
0 30
4 00
0 50
0 27
0 20
Value. Total Value.
$ cts.
322,460 00
9,766 00
696 00
98, .392 00
51,642 00
10,080 00
6,667 50
144 50
145 80
20,020 05
600 00
151,353 00
10,579 65
291,192 00
43,597 50
158,928 00
26,552 00
$ cts.
332,922 00
160,114 00
6,812 00
21,921 00
876 00
11,924 00
3,525 30
20,765 85
2,208 00
5,746 00
161,932 65
710 00
8,704 50
11,460 00
1,689 00
334,789 50
185,480 00
2,454 00
1,910 00
18,336 00
3,894 00
352 50
16,642 50
477 00
8,938 08
520 00
1,325,103 88
FISHERY INSPECTORS' REPORTS— NOVA SCOTIA 57
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
RECAPITULATION.
Of the Number and N'alue of Crafts and Fishing Gear, <kc., and the Number of Fisher
men in district No. 1 (Island of Cape Breton) for the Year 1909-10,
Number.
Description.
Value.
Totel Value.
9i)
Fi.shing Vessels (1,715.67 tons)
47,080
77,889
«
2,976
Fi.shing Boats
Gill-nets (397,411 fathoms)
Seines and cod-nets (520 fathoms)
Trap-nets and bag-nets
Trawls (long lines)
Hand lines
Smelt nets
Weirs
Lobster canneries
124,9C9
197,810
10,175
21
31
3,812
9,279
250
23
51
1.53,994
308
16,820
16,950
7,667
1,671
400
44,700
89,932
115,050
Lobster traps
Freezers and ice houses ' ' '
Smoke and fish hou.ses
Piers and wharfs
Tvige and smacks
134,632
257,487
714,898
13
1,410
412
46
33,930
111,088
97,749
14,720
Number of fisheruicn in vessels.
II II boats
Persons em| loyed in canneries, etc.
437
5,256
1,181
Total .
6,874
58
MARINE AXD FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
NOVA SCOTIA
Rktuhn showing the Xuinber, Tonnage and Value of Vessels, Boats, Nets, Ac,
the Fi-hing Industry in the County of Cumberland,
Districts.
Fisiiixo Vessels and Boats.
Fishing
Gear
Vessels.
Boats.
Gill Nets.
Trai)
Nets.
Trawls.
$
j5
1
5
1
1
a
§
Eh
23
16
>
251
01
14
10
5
2
14
22
G
10
12
>
0
81
102
14
10
4
5
25
36
10
18
16
J
S
97
425
■■}?
Id
6
100
70
15
24
28
0
>
'a
S
1
>
S
s
>
1
Cumberland Coiinti/.
Pugwash Gulf Shore and
Malazash
Port Philip, Northport and
Amherst Shore
Wallace River
700
200
3
2
loses
4130
182
150
100
27
200
405
90
1.50
175
1940
33150
ISO
210
120
3000
1750
450
720
740
686
$
200
S
2
3
■"so
90
15
800
210
60
80
95
...
....
t
River Philip ....
Laplanche
fi
Nap])an and Maccan
Minudifc and Apple River . .
1
....
8
16
7
12
11
65
8
9
10
Advocate
Spencer's Island
Port Greville
i
3
"io
' '250
'4
128
56
100
11
Parrsboro and Two Islands . .
Total
90
49
11.50
"
407
1G777
321
7!15
42260
2116
200
54
439
FISHERY INSPECTORS' REPORTS— NOVA SCOTIA 59
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
DISTllTCT No. 2.
and the Quantity and Value of all Fishin;^ Materials and other Fixtures used in
Prcvince of Nova Scotia, for the Year 1909-10.
OR Material-s.
Lobster Plant.
Other Fixtckes isbd in
F18HEKIE.S.
Weirs.
Smelt
Nets.
Hand Lines.
Canneries.
Tr.'
ps.
Freezers
and Ice
Houses.
Smoke
and Fish
Houses.
Tugs,
Steamers
&Smacks
i l|
1
b
t<
_ ®
u
b
JS
£
3>
.0
<o
^
3
^
»
^
£
ii
a)
J3
«5
^
^ oJ 1^
b
B
s
e
a
2
E
S \ 2 =2. 5
3
a
s
03
s
ej 3
e3
^
5i
3 , d
3 1 cj , 3 5j 3
S5
>
"Z,
>
^
> ^
>
^
>
e-
^1 >
;?; > jz > /q
*
$
i '
•«
.s
1
1 '
.<5 !?
13
24
275
480
f . ^ . !«
20030
1200
51100
8325
30G()0
4995
361
32
4 850, 1
1 .7
7
3 270U
13
246
875
U
14 273 .. 3
2.)
.
83
1
1 '
4
5
6
\
""so
"l40
160
250
" i.oo
1200
90
720
2 18
3 44
1
o5
80
20
54
38
41
88
25
9
3
4
3
135
30
0
1 60
i 260
9
60
42
1 KO
36
60 '10
?.
•
1 .".OfK)
.50 11
1
2
1
5
7
630
18!W
227
256 35
3U230
60835
36501 393
3060
41 3310
mx)
60
MARINE AND FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
Return showing the Kinds a:i;l Quaniitif»-i of Fisli an I Fish Products in the
DiSTKICTS.
Kinds of Pish.
1
s
1
m
i
1
.1
bo
.S
"u
u
<a
be
c
J3
o
c
■1)
Lobsters, preserved
in cans, lb.
H
0 "=
tT
0
0
1
0
4
i
■0
0
0)
"C
73
1
1
Cumberland County.
Puprwash, Gulf Shore and
ilalagash
Port Philip, Northport and
Amherst Shore
Wallace River
River Philip
500
1500
80
2010000
37000
460000
474384
36768
2
70
3
4
6
7
Minudie and Apple River
1000
25
15
18
30
20
1000
IC.OO
500
1000
900
30-
200
150
500
600
"iuo
125
200
150
8
148
■■■■4
12
23
20
15
20
1000
350
400
600
800
8
16
9
10
11
Spencer's Island
Port Greville
Parrsboro and Two Islands. . .
Totals
Values $
750
1200
2000
12
15
14
6950 188
201.5000
498750
625
511152
230
90
3150
65
834
846
20150
9975
62 50
153345 60
IGIO
450
94 50 227 50
FISHERY INSPECTORS' REPORTS— XOVA SCOTIA
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
County of Cumberland, 1^- )vi i •« oi" Nova Scotia, for the Year 1909-10,
61
65
162 50
(U
165
40
1200
1300
12 1000
20 700
237
711
100
250
Kinds ok Kish
200 ....
100 ....
3000 10
"400 "2.5|
200 .... I
33700
200000
12900
16000
1200
800
4200 4250! 35
420 425: 525
264600
18522
145
90
10
l.">
18
PQ
W
1500
278 1500
1112 1.%
30
"O
1)
^
s
3
*>
C
i
i
J
s
c
3
3) .
.13
m
w ^
l^
^
1*1
s
455
458
35
35
2000
1500
800
948i 4300
I
5688 129
720
3700
"50
351 4522
70 678S
4500
900
30
TOT.\L
Value ok
ALL Fl«H.
6
30|
L">1474 20 1
61390 40 2
4321 00 3
186:) 0() 4
670 (X» 5
144 00 6
1027 00 7
2167 50 8
6;t9 50 9
702 50il0
716 00:11
5445 66 225177 10
2722 501 132,
62
MARINE AND FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
Return showing the Number, Tonnage and Value of Vessels, Boats, Nets, &c.,
DJSTRICT.S.
Fishing Vk
s«ELS AND Boats.
Fish
iNG Gear
Vessels.
Boats.
Gill Nets.
Seines.
Trap
Nets.
Trawls.
s
£
SI
®
bo
CS
c
a
■ 6
P
>
V
2
Is
s
1
22
1
ai
0)
3
2_
S
D
12;
ai
3
c
ID
S
3
a3
3
5
1
Colchester Co.
$
$
$
$
9
90
6
2
10
13
875
2100
100
4000
4800
160
12
6
20
26
224
180
"2
10
13
2430
700
3500
4590
1325
s
6
260
4
120
600
800
5
Little Bass Riv. to
HighlandVillage
Great Village to
Queen's Village.
Totals
6
—
—
121
11875
205
11220
2845
6
260
FISHERY }y,sPi:croh'S' h'KJ'ORTS—yOVA SCOTIA 63
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
ill the County of Colchester, Pioviiue of Nova Scotia, for the Year 1909-10.
OK M.^TKUIAI-S.
LOBSTKK 1
'l..^NT.
OlUKH FiXTLUKS LSEI) I.N FISHEKIE.S.
0
ft
X)
.0
Weirs.
Smelt
Nets.
Hand
Line.".
Canne-
ries.
Traps. j|..
Freezers
and Ice
Houses.
Smoke
and Fiwh
Housee.
Piers
and
Wharfs.
Tugs,
Steamers
&Smacks
2
>
3
a.'
13
q3
3
"a
>
$
325
i
£
1
>
i
B
1
'a
>
E
3
>
1
Is
>
i
s
1
>
c
s
3
CD
a
3
—
J
>
3
E
3
1300
s
$
$
$
$
s
1
?
<)
''25
....
12
15
• •••
1
2
150
3
9
300
4
325
4
6
125
200
5
52513
5
17
15
30
~1
1
.
6
-
-
4
1300
1
12
475
1
1
64 MARINE AND FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
Return showing the kinds and quantities of Fish and Fish Products in the
Districts.
Kinds ok Fish.
4
§
g
02
>
u
%
t .
ii
Is "
o
-g
»
§^
s s
02
CD
o
CS
>
a
1 .
t
ox
1
o
i
T3
C
O 71
c
o «
o
o
o
1
o
.2
o
o
w
tcT3
o «s
e3=C
a
i
i
w
1
o
1"
2
1
Colchester Co.
9
Stevviacke
Five Islands
1.5500
800
1000
4652
s
300
15
2o66
220
25
7
15
8
4
5
Little Bass Riv. to
Highland Village
Great Village to
t^ueen's Village.
Totals
Values . . . $
6
13570
35522
...|....
SI 5
2720
32
15
8
■■■■l
4262 64
1575
81.60
112
37.50
?4
1
FISHERY IXSPEC'TORS' REPORTS— NOVA SCOTIA 65
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
County of Colchester, Province of Nova ScOtia, for the Year 1S09.
Kinds of Fish.
Total
i
j£
1
a
I24
3)
Valu£ of
Sm .
?
«
ji
0
n
JS
3
ALL Fish.
C3
s
0 05
•51
£
CO
1
. «
09
m
1
a
0
1
m
i
E
to
K
S
3
a
H
CO
M
<
m
'&
M
U
0
0
ta
Jh
73
CX4
£
(X*
&
$ cts.
20000
100
2,000 00
2,545 00
2,542 50
582 10
1
2300
^
70
700
9,
■ 4.566
1300
1
300 ...
. . .
26625
3
2000
10
20
4
22
95
200
908 24
2,003 40
5
f,
1
100
4500
5600
65 20000 70
1200
220 25
....
10,581 24
450
560
975' 14(;o' 280
120 - - - .
600
....!....
66 37 50
1
22 5
66
MARINE AND FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
Return showing the Number, Tonnage and Value of Vessels and Boats and the Quan-
in the county of PictOU, province of
Districts.
Fishing Vessels and Bo.\ts.
Fishing
Gear
Vessels.
Boats.
Gill Nets.
Sein<
3&.
ai
Trap
Nets.
Trawls.
S
J
1
i
u
S
3
2
1
1
a
o
I?
>
u
S
s
s
2
1
g
3
a3
3
Si
s
>
1
Pictou County.
West Pictou
$
175
75
9
22
6
8
15
11
%
6,400
3,000
360
335
120
140
200
170
160
100
12
22
6
8
17
11
115
63
80
36
16
19
28
20
377
3,450
1.260
1,600
792
1,120
804
1,321
1,000
11
805
504
650
250
590
520
708
728
$
9
3
Pictou Harbovir. . .
Southern Division.
Merigomish Island
North Beach
1
16
900
3
4
12
6
5
7
5
35
50
5
20
(\
20
7
25
8
20
1
—
—
16
900
3
321
10,725
336
11,347
4,755
135
Return showing the kinds and quantities of Fish and Fish Products in
Kinds of Fish,
^
02
j5
£
>
e
£
o
i
s
Districts.
hi
§
S
05
C
4
(V
4J
Qi
-g-s
t
o
¥
i
•^
03
X
a
S
1-^
h^
O
W
»
Pictou County.
1
West Pictou
400
125
t>0
297792
127290
20
10
50
10
4500
10
9
Pictou Island
oooo
s
4
Southern Division
4300
170700
2100
14880
39
600
r,
2600
2700
2500
1800
5500
15000
41200
28100
340
1000
400
750
5
7
14
19
350
300
700
1400
f)
North Beach
Ponds
32352
8
Lismore.. . .
Totals
13900
585
266500
4590
472320
20
154
7850
10
Values .-$
1668
2632 50
2665
459
141696
140
770
235 50
35-
FISHERY INSPECTORS' REPORTS— NOVA SCOTIA 67
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
tity and Value of all Fishing Materials and other Fixtures used in the Fishing Industry
Nova Scotia, tor the Year 1909-10.
OK Mateki.\u
.
LoBSTKK Plant.
Other Fi.\ti;re.s l
SEl) IN Fl.SHERIES. | m _,
o
X
Weirs.
Smelt
Nets
Hand
'^^^:^'' Traps.
Freezers
and Ice
Smoke
and Fish
Piers Tugs,
and Steamers
1
as
5 fi
Houses.
Houses.
Wharfs.
&Smack8
^
J
0)
1
«
J
a!
J
«3
1
<u
4>
OJ
i
S
ti
3
ti
y
.2
6 3
S t8
S
9
B
3
C • 3
R
3
p
s
03
a
«
3
"a
3
<«
9 1 03
® u
3
cS
3
ei
^
1
*,a
>
^
>
^i
>
» 1 >
Pi
Zi
>
^
!>
^ 1 >
"A
>
>
z
s ! $
$
S
\
1 s
$
$
10
250
46
9.5
46
90
12
4
19,300
^0,800
34,600[20 760
211
116
1
....[
1
17,300
10 380
2
3
4
^?.o
1ft
9
i
2
6,300
3
14
8
5
110
550
320
225
8
6
6
7
4
3
4
4
1
"i
500
......
1200
1,500
600
780
350
io'..
..... 1
11 30
1
4
600
5
2,0001 900
4
2
60
40
■■■"1
1 20
6
7
4,400
2,640
26 1
1,200
..
44
1575
5
118
3
93
1
19
300
1,800
900
1
15
11 20
8
32,100 62,200
36,710
363
2
1,800
7
115
3 70
1
2
6,300
95,278
the County of PictOU, Province of Nova Scotia, for the Year 1909-10.
Kinds of Fish.
Total Valve
OF
all Fish.
Hake dried, cwt.
3
2
B
k
s
0
•Si"
<
no
£
(0
-a
'3
Fish as bait, brls.
Fish as manure, brls.
3
75
300
60000
5
120
300
.^0<^i0
%
98495 10
39751 30
2040 00
7600 00
1571 50
1393 00
11301 10
834 00
1
100 1300
15<i
21 150
20
20
40 300
40
91
70
5
2
"366
iso
iso
6000
3300
15000
9000
6000
50
10
3000
26
7
ft
10
U
3
4
5
6
5
7
12
5
8
169
900
90
99300
60
3000
58
120
5
691 00 4650
162986 00
422 50
6951
240
300 580
720
20
1036 50 2325
22 -5.^
68
MARINE AND FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
Return showing the Number, Tonnage and Value of Vessels and Boats and the Quan
in the County of Antigonish, Province
Districts.
FisHrNG Vessels and Boats.
FrSHING
Vessels. '
Boats.
Gill Nets.
Trap
J
s
J
1
nl
§
>
S
73
72
45
17
27
1
>
i
s
s
406
123
108
32
59
5
7740
2422
Is
>
1
2
3
12;
1
2
Antiyonish County.
Harbour au Bouche Linwood andCape
Jack
Tracadie, Bayfield, Monk's Head and
South Side Antigonish Harbour.
3
45
850
8
$
1332
17C0
687
222
747
75
75
61
21
35
1885
5S5
3
24
3
Xorth Side of Antigonish Harbour,
Lakevale and South Side Cape
George
1
11
200
2
2170 . .'iJT
6
4
North Side Uape George and George-
ville . . . .
640
1275
1d5
332
5
Malignant Cove, Doctor Brook, Arisaig
Knovdart and Moydart
5
Totals
4
56
1050
10
234 4748
267
728
14247
3464
38
Return showing the kinds and quantities of Fish and Fish Products in the
Districts.
Kinds of Fish.
Antigonish County.
Harbour au Bouche, Linwood
and Cape Jack
Tracadie, Bayfield. Monk's Head
and South Side Antigonish
Harbour
3 North Side o} Antigonish Har-
bonr, Lakevale aud South
Side Caj)e George
North Side Cape George and
I Georgeville
5 Maligant Cove, Doctor Brook,
Arisaig, Knoydart and Moy-
dart
Totals.
Values
2200
16990
6000
-200
32390 702
444
69
86
33
3886 8013159
lOlOO
1800
2150
600
1500
16150
161 50
5S80
1200
3900
300
4100
1-5
136
6
1
2
15;i80 145
1.53812175
50490
27696
51.S60
27264
156810
47043
^
43
j:'
T3
4)
o
t
U
..
TJ
TT
^
.
«
M
M
U
o
T!
O
t:
T3
'R
a
-%
o
a
»
KO
528
400
227
2885
60
29
24
53
5100
28
997
83S.J
112
4785
251 55
392
22
22
211
161
324
740
1850
500
400
780
1680
420
FISHERY INSPECTORS' REPORTS— NOVA SCOTIA
69
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
tity and V^alue of all Fishing Materials and other Fixtures used in the Fishing Industry
of Nova Scotia, for the year 1909-10.
GE.iR
OK MATKlil.\LS.
nd
es.
1
loHsTER Plant.
Othek
KlXTURES LSEFl l.V FISHERIES.
Nets.
Trawls.
Smelt
Nets.
Ha
Lin
Can
nerie
Traps.
Freezers
& Ice
Houses.
Smoke and
Fish
Houses.
Piers
and
Wharfs.
Tugs,
Strs. and
Smacks.
WC
b
u
h
u
n *
C
(>
u
V
^
a3
^
ai
^
£
M
0?
^
oi
?U
^
»
^
(T>*
JS
o
^
d
^
s
s
3
S
£
3
S
3
£
3
s
3
S
3
g
E
3
cS
B
ei
«
5
oe
3
e:
3
a
3
eS
3
J*
7
«e
!S
«
3
>
^
>
^
>
s
^
>
s
12;
>
^
>
ol
^
>
^
>
^
>
?;
>
^
9
$
$
$.
$
t
450
66
227
35 65
130
61
- 1
1000
5000
2500
42
3
1715
45
473
2
3588
1
900
1
7775
21
41
84
199
100 310
1
4; 80
76
54
39
27
1
2
900
2400
4000
7350
2000
4410
20
50
1
1
1500
1000
30
21
253
336
2
400
?■
1300
3
20
72
1
9
4
1
700
2500
1500
7
90
4
800
23
125
2 70
35
304
18
149
1
1400
2900
1740
31 3
2400
10, 134
1
2
5
10325
171
707
141 1 525
6400
21750
12150
143 8
6615
113' 1286
3588
3
1300
County of Antigonish, Province of Nova Scotia for the year 1909-10.
Kinds of Fish
•
K 1
^
-3
i
•1
i
Total
i
J5
^
i
n
GO
i
£
s
.2
1
1
3
S
1
Value of
ALL Fish.
h
i
i
a.
>
1
X
>>
c
5
1
'3
IS
O
go
a
9
(U
H
■n
<J
w
M
o
Is*
H
M
o
P^
f^
^
»
S cts.
•S cts.
S cts.
$ c'te.
25
60
2876
1
1000
151 .. .
2300
136
240
600
320
520
23,642 32
1
200
400
5O0O
2658
6
14
200
200
32 132 1250
12
67
56
129
374
416
270
500
15,893 40
21,228 81
2
72
... 14250
200
4
3
40
125
3
34
28
193
92
679
82
108
292
1,153 60 4
200
12,386 40 5
1
25
825
10534
21
1400
119
1328000
200
177
540
1556
1300
1582
74,204 53
75
82 50
737 38
84
140
lliK)
792 i 240
1
6
708
1080
466 80
1950
791
70
MARINE AND FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
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SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
71
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SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
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FISHERY INSPECTORS' RIJPORTS—NOVA SCOTIA
85
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
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MARINE AND FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
Return showing the Number, Tonnage and Value of Vessels, Boats, ifec, in the County
of Hants, Province of Nova Scotia, for the year 11)09-10.
District.
Fishing Boats.
Fishing Gear or
Materials.
Boats.
Gill Nets.
a
S
3
B
3
i
;>
1
B
3
1
8
7
3
25
56
$
290
410
120
350
450
10
8
4
35
55
12
11
3
50
80
1325
2050
300
1500
800
$
415
430
120
500
720
1
9
9.
s
Noel to Maitland
3
4
Maitland to Shubenacadie
4
5
Shubenacadie to Grand Lake
5
99
1610
112
156
5975
2185
Return showing the Kinds and Quantities of Fish and Fish Products in the County
of Hants, Province of Nova Scotia, for the year 1909-10.
Kinds of Fish.
JS*
j6
.o
^
to
"3
4
X>
Total
Districts.
4
43
jfl
Value of
ALL Fish.
da
u
a
1
OS
m
be
S
1
1
CO
««
o
S
CO
6
B
0
1
1
$ cts.
]
Hantsport to Windsor
1075
?500
1^1
53
300
2
18
953 50
1
9
1875
500
2000
6000
500
1000
400
'"lOO
11
115
5700
'366
3
60
1,328 50
109 00
1,090 00
2
"^
A
4
?00
4
t^
Shubenacadie to Grand Lake.
Totals
Values $
1200
700
20
220
600
1,454 00
5
6000
6650
6000
500
5100
52
.588
2352
600
300
9
5
10
78
166
4,935 00
798
60
50
510
780
60
150
FISHERY INSPECTORS' REPORTS— NOTA SCOTIA
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
87
TIECAPITULATI!)N
Of the Yield and Value of the Fisheries in District No. 2, Province of
Nova Scotia, for the year 1909-10.
Kinds of Fish.
Quantity.
1!)09
Cod, drifd Cwt. I o ',020
M fresh or green Lb. ! 2,189,071
ti tongues and sounds Brls. 169
Haddock, dried * Cwt. 10,8.58
fresh : Lb. 2,108,80.5
M smoked (finnan haddies) ." 255,0<Xt
Hake, dried Cwt. 8,108
sounds Lb. 2,925
Pollack, dried Cwt. 8,732
Tom cod or frost fish Lb. 13,2<M)
Halibut M 275,0.30
Flounders 97, -SOD
Salmon, preserved in cans t. 900
fresh or frozen „ 221,368
smoked ,. 6,132
Trout (all kinds) „ f)5,.310
Smelts 1 476,784
Herring, salted Brls. 39,025
fresh or frozen Lb. 2,983,200
smoked .. 816,750
Shad, salted Brls. 158
Alewives „ 1,809
Eels, salted ,. 1,185
Sword fish Lb. 82,111
Bass (Sea Bass) ., 8,400
Mackerel, salted Brls. 8,029
M f renh Lb. 1,7<:hj,2<XJ
Lobsters, preserved in cans Lb. 1,691,226
alive or tresh Cwt. 7,820
Oysters Brls. 1,307
Clams, quahauga, &c n 6,285
Squid ., 2,372
Co.irse and mixed fish i> 2,0i9
Hair seal skins No. 91
Fish used as bait Brls. 16,1.S4
Fish as fertilizer ., 17.961
Fish oil, of all kinds Galls. , 55,953
Total value for the year 1909-10 |
Prices.
Value. , Total value.
$ Ct3.
cts.
5 00 260,i00 00
0 02il 54,726 77
10 GO i 1,690 00
.? cts.
3 50
0 03
0 06
2 50
0 25
3 00
0 03
0 10
0 03
0 15
0 12
0 15
0 10
0 07
4 50
0 01
0 02
15 00
4 00
10 00
0 07
0 10
15 00
0 10
38,003 00
65,094 15
15,300 00
316,516
1 118,397 15
20,270 00
731 25
135 (X>
26,564 16
919 80
175,612 50
29,832 00 j
16,335 00 1
120,435 00
170,020 00
0 30 I 507,367 80
7 00 i 54,740 00
6 00 !
2 00
4 00
2 00
1 25
1 50
0 50
0 30
21,001 25
26.196 00
1,296 00
27,503 00
2,922 W
27,618 96
6,.531 tX>
33,374 88
221,779 50
2,370 00
7,236 00
11,850 00
5,747 77
840 00
290,455 00
562,107 80
7,842 00
12,570 00
9,488 00
4,038 00
113 75
24,201 00
8,980 50
16,785 90
1,767,762 23
MARINE AXD FISHERIES
RECAPITULATION
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
Op the Number and Value of Fishing Vessels, Boats, Net"', &c., in District NO- 2,
Province of Nova Scotia, for the Year 1909-10.
No.
Description.
12G vessels (2,366 tons).
5,886 boats
44,109 pill-nets (1.003,489 fathoms)
404 Seines (34,884 fathoms)
135 trap-nets
4,654 trawls
15 weirs
48!l smelt-nets
11,107 hand-lines
108 lobster canneries .
330,720 M traps
71 freezers and ice-houses.
1,880 smoke and fish houses.
955 piers and wharfs
35 tugs and smacks
Total .
Vail
92,670
195,084
288,516
13-',525
44,025
34J45
1,245
6,592
14,740
110,030
192,928
210.0.30
224,335
227,210
50, .535
Totals.
287,754
522,388
302,958
712,110
1,825,210
No.
Number of men in vessels 602
M -I boats 5,163
II persons employed in canneries 1,444
Total 7,209
1 GEORGE V. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22 A. 1911
NOVA aCOTlA— Continued.
DISTRICT No. 3
FISHEEIES STATISTICS
COUNTIES OF LUNENBURG, QUEEN'S, SHELBURNE, YARMOUTH,
DIGBY, ANNAPOLIS AND KINGS. "
90
MARINE AND FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
Return showing the Number, Tonnage and Value of Vessels and Boats and the
Industry in the County of Lunenburg,
Districts.
Fishing Vessels and Boats.
Fishing Gh
AR OR
Vessels.
Boat^.
Gill Ne
ts.
6
>
.Seines.
Trap
Nets.
J
s
C
3
1
>
s>
a
3
135
200
125
200
25
35
30
30
150
100
300
10
230
200
80
o5
2600
2500
^000
3000
500
650
600
550
2800
2000
8000
200
11500
10000
4000
1
78
240
140
250
30
45
40
40
150
120
350
15
300
250
100
S
s
;z
200
200
50
30
10
12
4
4
5
20
20
5
1550
1450
900
i
1
a
1
n
12
18
20
8
7
6
5
8
10
35
4
10
12
3
2
c
o
800
900
1600
1600
700
600
500
450
600
800
3000
350
1000
1200
300
6
>
g
5
6
3
la
>
1
Lunenburg County.
Chester
$
12000
12000
3000
1800
600
900
400
400
600
2500
3000
. 600
32000
30000
10000
$
2400
2500
1500
900
350
350
160
180
200
900
1000
280
14000
13000
7000
$
2300
2300
3000
3000
1200
1000
950
550
650
700
2000
300
2000
2400
600
0
5
11
10
4
4
4
4
5
C
14
2
36
1
1700
2
s
Martins River, Ma-
hone Bay
Fox Point
15
1050
53000
200
900
2000
4
Mill Cove
1700
f)
Lodge
650
f,
Northwest Cove . .
600
600
8
isoo
"i5
400
9
10
Blandford
Little Tancook. . . .
8
45
400
600
11
1500
1^
175
13
14
15
Lunenburg Har. to
Kingsburg
La Have River . . .
Petite Riviere to
Port Med way. . .
Totals
53
39
1
111
3848
3557
61
8561
230880
213420
3660
696
840
11
10000
300
502760
1762
1850
50900
2148
4460
109800
44720
169
14400
22950
115
21525
FISHERY INSPECTORS' REPORTS— NOVA SCOTIA 91
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
Quantity and Value of all Fishing Materials and other Fixtures used in the Fishing
Province of Nova Scotia, for the year 1909-10.
Materials.
Lobster
Pla.nt.
Other
FiXTLBES ISEO IN FISHERIE.S.
p^-
Smelt
Hand
Can-
s
Freezers
Smoke and
Piers
Tugs,
Trawls.
N'-t-a-
Trap.s.
T3
and Ice
Fish
and
Steamers
"Si
s „•
Houses.
Houses.
Wharf.s
& Sm'cks
C
h
c
X i
t-
h
_•
Z
a>
^
a;
SL
«'
%
«
^
4J
S^
Z
a!
^
V
^
<D
i
6
S
s
a
3
E
3
^
3
£
16
a
3
s
3
S
a
S
3
3
0
SS
s
a
3
a
eS
3
a
3
oj
3
<A
3
' ct
3
r=!
"3
^
•^
>
"A
>
'^
>
•z,
>
J2;
>
Pm
'Z
>
S5
>
"Z
>
^
>
>
^
$
S
§
$
§
S
d
%
2
2}
2
25
12
10
2
1200
3000
1400
45
3
800
10
400
6
1000
5
450
1
50
400
3
35
200
150
500
200
20
920
25
4200
9.
10
70
70
40
150
20
20
75
20
20
500
500
200
200
200
80
7
10
4
2500
3000
200
3
4
5
1ft
10
400
4
5
45
40
40
400
160
10
350
10
500
6
4
30
....
30
20
100
30
20
100
i
700
1000
300
1000
400
120
400
25
6
350
6
4
10
300
200
300
2
200
7
0
4
40
10
500
...... 9
20
200
60
60
900
360
12
600
12
500
10
24
240
150
150
2000
800
1
25
1250
25
1000
11
5
5
300
120 ....
4
200
4
200
12
.... 13
500
20000
2500
1000
2
400
6500
3250 40' 1
350
200
20000
140
40000
5
]9r^
420
16800
3000
1500
1
200
6000
3000 10 1
. 350
175
18750
75
20000
8 2000
14
10
400
2
7
50
110
700
7007
350
3530
6
2600
1
2000
25100
1000
40
2000
30
10000
15
1
1063
38360
11690 120
5
1500
522
45720
368
83900
20
3900 834065
MARINE AND FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
Return vshowing the kinds and quantities of Fish and Fisn Products in the
Kind of Fish.
u
X
J-
<c
■c
a
■0
^
s
Districts.
§
s
'a
to
BS
02
1
a
u
be
0
S
bo
_c
'fc-
u
t
a;
AC
Xi
u
>
u
u
la
» c
X.
to
to ®
1
0
.2
0
eS
03 X
SI
g»r
S
'2
-?§
a
te
u
AC
8
1
.1
1
T3
w
Lunenburg County.
1
Chester
2000
50C
m)
2000
1500
400
40
38000
200
50
1000
100
2
Mahone Bay, Mar-
3000
14(1
250
700
2000
5
20000
2.0
2000
250
3
Fox Point
130
120
400
500
20
250
360
300
60
4
Mill Cove
100
50
100
25
500
350
1500
250
25
40
20
50
260
30
500
300
20
5
Lodge
30
(i
Northwest Cove . .
50
15
200
2000
1.50
50
15
300
14
20
100
600
200
300
4C0
200
150
100
20
12
25
27660
2
2
2
20
8
200
250
250
7
8
6
9
Blandford
100
lOl..
30
10
Little Tancook. . .
200
1000
300
160
50
10
15'..
500
80
11
Big Tancook
350
3000
500
500
100
25
16j..
500
200
12
Deep Cove
100
100
100
25
2
8..
100
12
13
Lunenburg Har. to
1
Kingsburg
5000
15000
5000
500
35000
60
100000 70
10000
10000
14
La Have River. . . .
9000
400
4000
15000
65000
1000
15000
50
900(X»| 50
7000
8000
15
Petite Riviere to
Port Medway. . .
Totals
Values $
8000
200
1000
1G130
5000
500
150
150
5000
10
1200
55
22980
1240
40950
1500
78360
2157
115000
878
215792
155
24400
21114
2758
186
72585
410
30
7836
32355
34500 614G
1078960
1550
732
73899
FISHERY IXHPECTORH' REPORTS— y OVA SCOTIA 93
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
County of Lunenburg. Province of Nova Scotia, for the year 1909-10.
Kind ok Fissh.
-n^'
i
S
t:
m
4J
^
td
><
./
""i
"O
73
n
^
.d
0 »■
o
1 X
"^r;
Ir
■"'
X
ID
11
•a B
aV3
§
K)
of
1
f
«5
1
c
o
'3
5«
'o
"7.
"tc
u
S>
■£
1
I
1
K
W
w
Pm
K
H
M
<i
W
Ex
Eh
05
6
ps,
fe
a
H
/5
500
10
200
10
500
400
300
35
3
iOOOO
600
....
200
300
12
19,943
1
600
10
50
20
300
190
10
IS
15000
400
3(X>
240
100
5
2
2
10000 3000 ....
mM) njool ....
2.j(MM» 15(J()' . . .
260
230
250
200
30
30
'iOO
260
220
4
114,666
5,960
4,311
9
3
fiO
4
10
10
300
1
(;(MMJ 3(J0 ...
60
10
50
1,.S43
5
14
10
500
8
1
lOOUO 1. =300 ... .
60
10
75
3,746
6
6
5
llOoo isjo' ..
80
8
80
9, .353
7
5
12
6
15
121)00
•MW)0 1000 ....
70
125
8
10
70
250
1,:J69
4,968
8
500
65
9
18
14
18
17
800
1500
34^i''0 600
250
800
40
90
400
600
8,062
20,03()
10
4WH)0
11
H
6
7U00 ....
60
8
15
1,322
615,.o24
1?
100
1000
150000
1"'
'A50
6(»00fi
41 K)
^
13
750
100
2000
100000
7«»iJ liKX» . . .
;?.■)
«15
5(XJ0O
4(M1
3
557,501
14
5
75
2.500
272300
200 500 ...
I76");i>00 43
177 12G 172
10
50
50O
25
1000
50
1
35,339
15
1850
.380
500
3390
2100<X)
0300
11900l 490
2445
111444
3570
5355
22
44
1,403,937
111
950
125
10170
27230
357 I960
4890
33433
94
MARINE AND FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
Return showing the Number, Tonnage and Value of Vessels and Boats and the Quan
in the County of Queens, Province of Nova
Districts.
Fishing Vessels and Boats.
Fishing Gear
Vessels.
Boats.
• Gill Nets.
Seines.
Trap
Nets.
Trawls.
J
i
s
«
bo
cS
a
a
o
H
>
d
B
a
1
i
Is
>
u
S
a
i
6
>
1
S
12;
6
3
J
s
3
4;
3
-a
1
Queens Count!/.
Port Medway
$
226
65
16
100
35
53
72
62
$
4390
550
240
2500
1550
3500
1800
1600
370
65
31
120
60
75
45
53
500
60
9020
925
$
3860
248
6
290
175
2
$
800
14
120
«)
Mill Villao'e
3
4
Liverpool, Brook-
lyn and Western
JJead
250
100
200
150
245
4100
1800
3600
2400
4400
1000
400
800
600
725
4
440
1200
18
7200
5
Gull Islands, Sum-
m e r V i 1 1 e and
White andHunts
6
Port Mouton and
vicinity
3
38
2400
14
3
2
17
240
250
250
1470
300
250
250
2175
3
J
1000
7
Port Joli and Port
8
Beach Meadow to
Totals
23
9000
14
3
38
2400
14
629
16130
819
1.505
26815
7633
120
FISHERY INSPECTORS' REPORTS— NOVA SCOTIA 95
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
tity and Value of all Fishing Materials and other Fi.xtures used in the Fishing Industry
Scotia, for the Year 1909-10.
OR Materials.
LoBSTKRS Plant.
Other ]
'IXTLKES USED IN FISHERIES.
Whole
Fishing
Gear.
Smelt
Nets.
Hand
Lines.
C
anne-
ries.
Traps.
i
Freezers
and Ice
Houses.
Smoke
and Fish
Houses.
Piers
and
Wharfs.
Tugs,
Steamers
& Sm'cks
1"
1
D-E
u
u
b
^4
le 1^
u.
u
fi
u
J^
£
^
9)
^
6
i
»
O C
^
aj
^
V
^
6
B
«
6
^
ti
^
a
3
s
3
e
s
m c9
S
E
3
a
3
S
^
H
c3
3
c8
3
ee
p
eS
3
«
3
a
3
oS
3
cS
■* 3
^
>
^
>
"A
>
^
>
PM
^
>
5?;
>
^
>
^
>
>
»
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
80
320
375
187
. 5000
5000
3
6
11
3
250
150
300
2500
65
25
30
79
1625
270
300
3500
24
50
750
420
1
2
3
300
150
4000
30O0
10
3000
3
2000
4
180
226
150
220
1450
90
112
75
60
674
4
1
1
6
3700
100
2000
3000
4000
3500
3700
2200
3000
3000
3000
30
45
26
1000
6000
5
10
4
2500
4000
^9fl0
4
2
9000
1700
5
35
1
15
2
.300
6
320
7
37 2000
2 400
8
80
5800
23200
19200 51
25
3500
327 1 15595
105 12270
9
12700
107517
96
MARIXE AXD FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
Return showing the kinds and quantitips of Fish and Fish Products in the County ot
Districts .
Kinds of Fish.
i
a
5
1^
1
1
02
C
la
11
200
250
150
2
bo
u .
be
u
^ Mackerel, fresh, lb.
©
-a
m
Lobsters, preserved in
cans, lb.
H
%
o
o
O
C
(4
li
be
1
o
o
-a
1
|1
Sc
1
2
Queens Countii.
Port Medvsay
Mill Villntrp
7800
6500
3200
700
100
250
800
195
950
900
1000
150
3 firt^piifipifi"
4
5
6
Liverpool, Brook-
lyn and Western
Head
Gull Islands, Sum-
m e r V i 1 1 e and
White and Hunts
Points
Port Mouton and
vicinity
365
860
1100
880
130
3505
2000
1000
95000
33000
50
10
14
28
128928
720
20000
149648
150
50
1800
320
525
350
1400
looo
150
700
4 5000
2 400
1
3 500
2 200
[
5 1000
300
95
253
20
160
700
7
8
Port Joli and Port
Herbert
Beach Meadow to
Berlin & Kempt.
Totals
Values. ... $
1300
3800
19600
600
151500
297
3795
4500
16;8100
I 1
978
700
2940
12)
14020
3818937.50
44.55
44894.40
37950
22.J00 160j 243
2934
42
FISHERY INSPECTORS' REPORTS— XOVA SCOTIA
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
Queens, Province of Nova Scotia for the Year 1909-1910.
97
Kin
ns OP Fish.
Total
Value of
all Fish.
Hake, dried, cwt.
t
1
.a
i
1
o
li
<
1
C
§
O .
15
1^
'5
GO
X
£l
bo
'3
.a
X
200
X
d
C
'.5
X
1
x"
E
X
o
a
s
700
500
3950
40
250
200
14
10
5
3C01 . . .
150
40
12
$ cts.
1
2500
2400
400
200
200
400
4300
5
9
s
2
200
110
75
15
125
900
450
6000
1200
1200
900
15
10
7
20
15
10
7
9
61
100
80
100
80
100
660
300
40
600
256
6000
4
5
2000 ....
800
10
20
6
10
12
10
1800
2000
100
100
7
1000
4
36
2000
8
3950
1002
122.5
9050
905
10400
5
500
2000
51
7900
300
1490
40
42
8850|
3006 4900
1040
50
395
510
237
9
144
122
198
2235
50
84
1062 166,180 90
22 7
MARINE AND FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
Return showing the Number, Tonnage and Value of Vessels and Boats and the
Industry in the County of Shelbume
Districts.
FiSHINC
. Vessels and
Boats
Fishing Gear
Vessels.
Boats.
Gill Nets.
Seines.
Trap
Nets.
Trawls.
1
1
1
6
s
1
>
B
6
a
u
S
S
0
S
'3
>
2
00
s
0
200
1
1000
1
S
3
£
3
40
20
400
20
150
50
17
40
60
30
35
40
200
1102
3
>
1
2
Shelbume County.
Wood's Harbour. .
Shag Harbour and
Bear Point ....
Cape Island
Barrington
Port La Tour and
Baccaro
Cape Negro Island
and Blanche
Port Saxon, N. W.
&N.E. Harbour.
Black Pt., Round
Bay and Red
Head*
15
9
66
5
21
4
3
2
1
2
8
4
12
191
108
726
64
239
45
38
24
10
23
240
60
411
$
6700
3775
25500
3000
8500
1575
1300
1100
400
800
10400
1650
23000
56
36
255
22
83
21
13
9
2
9
49
12
7S
183
80
480
62
298
87
28
41
52
45
110
75
303
$
19500
9600
58500
8000
22980
3800
420
1000
1900
850
1600
1500
4700
180
80
245
65
200
83
10
34
59
45
57
66
228
1000
700
1200
300
1000
830
150
500
250
150
600
300
500
22000
14000
24000
6000
20000
17000
4500
15000
7500
4:00
15000
9000
15000
$
7000
4200
7200
1800
6500
6000
750
2500
1250
750
2500
1500
2500
$
200
100
3
4
5
1
3
1500
2500
2000
120
900
6
300
7
8t
8
900
9
Rosoway, McNutts
Is. and Carleton.
Gunning Cove,
Churchover and
Birch town
Shelbume & Sandy
Pt
300
10
150
11
19
3
1
5
11
200
1850
300
2500
5650
4
4000
375
?00
13
Lockeport
1000
152
2184
87700 640
1844
134350
1352
7380
173500
44450
5930
FISHERY INSPECTORS' REPORTS— NOVA SCOTIA 9^
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
Quantity and Value of all Fishing Materials and other Fixtures used in the Fishing
Province of Nova Scotia, for the year 1990-10.
OR Matekias.
L0B.STKR Plant.
Other Fixtlke.s cseo in Fisheries
Whole
Fishing
Gear.
Smelt
Nets.
Hand
Lines.
Canne-
ries.
Traps.
0
"a .
ii
Freezers
and Ice
Houses.
Smoke
and Fish
Houses.
Piers
and
Wharfs.
Tugs,
Steam's
Smacks.
S
3
3
>
s
3
i
>
B
3
6
3
4
>
Si
s
1
>
B
3
«
'a
>
u
3
i
>
B
3
20
20
100
10
1
S
3
13
9
6
>
Value.
1
i
12
$
6C
500
250
1.500
250
$
500
250
1.500
2.50
s
6000
4000
6000
13000
7000
2S0OO
5000
13000
iinnn
$
13000
7000
28000
5000
13000
11000
2500
3500
3500
2500
90
60
80
...
8
"3
1
1
1
2
$
i.566
1000
1000
100
200
40
.SO
150
15
100
20
16
45
40
40
36
47
60
6:39
$
4000
2.500
20000
2000
$
5000
.S(X)0
20000
1500
10000
2000
1200
2200
500
1400
6500
350
5000
10000
4000
5000
$
1
2
3
4
1
1132 11. 'i?
1
300
4000 25
2000 90
5
0
50
30
15
" '56
208
150
275
250
160
700
325
10(K)
208
150
275
25)
160
700
325
1000
a
2
..... 2500
3500
3500
400
1000
900
900
3500
940
6000
48140
11
10
17
23
19
35
35
7
8
9
1
10
1500
2500
1500
5
1250
'3
n
1
1
2
17
ioo
2500 3
7000 76
'85661!!;!!;;'.
12
5500 7000
2
1500
6550
13
551725
25 205
6700 ' 6700
21000 lOOOOOIlOOOOO 317
15
345
58650
31
27500
?-7i
100 MARINE AND FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
Return showing the Kinds and Quantities of Fish and Fish Products in the
Districts.
Kinds of Fish.
1
3
C
o
B
to
m
1
be
_g
<v
K
£
c
ffl
j2
i
o
S
9)
to
_c
0)
-i
i
01
>
I.
«i
_Q ^
o "
'-i
oo
o .
3"
o
i
a
H
, 3
o
X
■a
(3
o
d
-a
o
c
'J
cS S
1
Shelbtirne County.
2981
1220
3566
150
1800
3000
1601
1000
1455
1100
1700
1715
3300
25050
2000
177625
106464
86400
175200
4590
1560
12500
210
780
350
75
500
370
285
267
145
3590
2720
2544
29005
336
24024
17190
400
200
445
430
2800
515
7200
700
047
9668
62
8680
4410
75
200
275
105
75
225
800
2
Shag Harbour &
Bear Point. . : .
iooo
20000
100000
81900
1500
4000
1000
9000
2000
5000
1000
i666
1000
2000
500
1200
1500
1000
500
9700
3
Cape Island
10000
-1
Barrington
Port La Tour &
Baccaro
500
5
3000
1000
200
1000
500
250
180000
700
60000
100
25
5
100
25
2
18
45
125
7200
384
160704
6
Cape Negro Id.,
and Blanche. . .
Port Saxon.N. W.
&N.E. Harb'r.
Black Point,
Round Bay and
Red Head
R o s e w a y, Mc-
Xutt's Isd. and
Carleton
Gunning Cove,
Churchoverand
Birchtown
Shelbume and
Sandy Point..
Jordan
4000
3600
225
325
100
1000
1100
200
7
8
9
10
11
1?
2
1
2
2
5
4
10
26
700
500
500
1000
3000
200ir
5000
"200
13
Lockeport
Totals. . . .
Values $
500
11050
24588
225400
451325
445
536352
25222
87809
12700 25928
10700
165750
98352
2254
194
56415
6675
160905
25222o|439045
260
381
77784
642
FISHERY lySPECTORS' REPORTS— NOVA SCOTIA
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
County of Shelburne, Province of Nova Scotia, for the Year 1909-10.
101
1
135
136
340
134
58
350
25
1525
1170
30
15
100
45
100
10
6000
6260
850192500
500
25000
5500
700
200
650
230
KiN'DS OF Fish.
500
100
iooo
500
500
3500 3000
I
1000 3600
■ Z 3
10
10
250
10
40
60
200 100 60
100
300
200 35
200. 21
550 4000' 200 40
200| 800 700 10
»
14
1100: 17300 1000 .TOO
5162 255590
20648 25559
12500 9500
1250 1 950
566
2224
«
T.
1
!z<
b
s
O
m
•o
o
^
O
12
2-S
70 ..
50
260
50 1001000
150
150
180
i
50
500
251000
43
100
5
150
77 1 9P2
7701984
1200
500
1500
1000
1200
7000
210
500
1000
300
400
500
500
1000
700
1000
25
150 500
10
100
480
1440
12
12
200
400
60
150
250
150
2000
200
32j2000
72001 1452240.6010
2161 5804480 1803
6000
1500
10500
1000
2500
2500
50
125
150
100
200
100
1200
25925
450
450
1380
2280
25925 1140
Total
Value of
ALL Fish.
27650
2400
23000
53050
6366
$ Ctf-
10
11
12
13
1,191,229 50
102
MARINE AND FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
Return showing the Number, Tonnage and Value of Vessels and Boats
the Fishing Industry in the County of Yarmouth,
Districts.
Fishing Vessels and Boat.s.
Fishing Gear
Vessels.
S
3
Boats.
Gill Ne
ta.
6
>
I
u
s
3
1
1
1
Trap
'iets.
>
Trawls.
Weirs.
J
i
g
3
c
o
H
6
_3
>
c
6
>
i
s
3
i
s
3
'A
1
>
s
3
1
?,
Yarmouth County.
Port Maitland.
Sandford
3
2
18
5
2
8
2.3
40
24
670
65
25
125
275
•?
1400
966
22247
1841
750
4560
11550
14
12
146
20
10
41
137
40
45
80
IS
30
25
165
50
250
50
-60
160
$
600
675
1200
270
450
375
2475
750
1750
750
900
2400
80
90
160
36
60
50
265
100
250
100
120
320
150
300
500
40
150
90
500
100
2000
150
300
500
3000
6000
10000
800
3000
1800
10000
2000
40000
3000
6000
10000
$
1500
3000
5000
400
1500
900
5000
1000
20000
1500
3000
5000
4000
4000
4000
25
25
200
375
375
3000
$
3
4
Yarmouth
Arcadia
Pinckney's Point
Comeau Hill. ... ..
Tusket Wedge
Salmon River . .
5
3
4
30
45
60
450
6
7
8
9
Tusket
4
600
10
Eel Brook
'"8
215
11
1^
Argyle . .
Pubnieoes
3
20
84
115
430
1769
3450
29670
3
12
20
180
300
"i
150
Totals
76434
609
973
12595
1631 4780
95600
47800
12000
319
4785
5
750
Return showing the Kinds and Quantities of Fish and Fish Products in the
Districts.
Kinds of Fish.
1
;5'
a
a
o
1
u
S
o
bB
s
'u
1
a
-a
u
IB
.a
3"
1
o
.2
a
p
tie™,-
. 3
D
m
§
T3 C
o
"C
1
Yarmouth County.
Port Maitland. . . .
Sandford
Yarmouth
Arcadia
Pinckney's Point.
4000
4000
3000
105781
.304125
490625
161562
376875
184844
987688
800
800
1200
38000
75000
50352
1990
940
10500
738
420
815
2016
14
13
32
"*6
249750
90000
36:«oo
25500
17100
37346
130760
13900
llOOO
5000
75
70
3
4
10000
161664
47088
27936
21134
980
5
6
Comeau Hill .
7
Tusket Wedge
Salmon River
Tusket
Eel Brook
1000
.5000
18000
253776
80
8
q
2000
1500
10
11
Argyle.. . .
5000
426375
9000
500
16963
10
42
7500
193000
1?
Pubnieoes
Totals
Values $
3000
117840
38000
3044875
60898
4300
86
132000
19800
658656
21134
34882
117
1114256
29900
1205
7600
197596
211340
104646
702
44570
2093
3615
FISHERY INSPECTORS' REPORTS— NOYA SCOTIA
103
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
and the Quantity and Value of all Fishing Materials and other Fixtures used in
Province of Nova Scotia, for the Year 1909-10.
OR Materials.
Lobster Pi.a.st.
Other Fixtures
isEi) IN- Fisheries.
-J
X
X
Smelt
Nets.
Hand
Lines.
Can-
neries.
Traps.
13
Is
Freezers
and Ice
Houses.
Smoke
and Fish
Houses.
]
^iers
and
/■harfs
^7"«« 'Gasoline
iSn.'cks' ^°^'«-
b
b
u
b
m *
b
u
b
b
b
^
<D
^
aj
01
.a
u
a;
J3
oi
^S
^
0
^
9
^
0
i!
v
^
<D
j;
.0
a
3
B
3
B
^
;3
3
s
3
a
2
S
3
s
3
s
3
3
3
c3
2
a
s
d
s
o3
s
eS
p
c8
3
eS
3
"3
3
n
d
3
^
>
^
>
^
>
^
>
z
>
^
>
■z,
>
z,
>
Z
>
>
?;
s
?
s
s
$
$
S
$
s
. . . .
"26
900
600
800
450
300
400
1
1000
1400
3075
17800
1400 27
3675i . . .
2
500
200
7200
25 2500
5 750
60 12000
4
3
6
400(
100<
3200C
15
15
6000 23725
(K)00 20941
34000,171167
1
9
9
1
4
.3300
17800 9812
29666
85
3
3
60
175
125
100
800
88
63
50
400
1
1
'5
300
700
iosoo
600
1230
1125
9020
()00 15 1
1230 18'..
250
'
0
1
1
3
3(XK
100<j
2000
5000
5
2000
8809
6238
11070
71695
4
5' 500
20 2000
50| 6.500
5
1125
9020
1
3
'7000
30
12660
a
ios 6
1500
7
V.
40
100
1..
6000
1790
385.50
8
5
3
600
25
2500
3
3000
1
10
4000
9
560
4790
560....
4790 ....
2
2
450
500
3
4
600
4000
3860
22370
10
100
50'..
15
1500
10
4000
11
220
700
4300
350
2151
3
15
4100
6800
6800 45
6
6000
50
5000
9
6000
25
10000
75770
n
13
11
20200
47000
47000 30635
17200
255
33250
43
61600
42000
195
78000
455985
County of Yarmouth, Province of Nova Scotia, for the Year 1909-10.
Kinds of Fish
00
2
!C
T
X
'b
Total
6
1
3
W
i
i
00"
g
a:
i
<
b
-a
s
3
0
b
0
8
"b
'3
3
IS
1
'S
J
00
2
3
3
e
m
of
i
0
Value of
ALL Fish,
b
3
2
$ cts.
1363
12
8*90
.380
159943
2870
1320
740
2500
....
1300
1300
26000
12000
6.50
15
1000
1200
400
10
25
25
400
2000 2.50 500
1500 .30(1 (lOO
70
70
75
60
30
50
80
25
75
70
125
1.50
47,682 00
28.846 <K)
348,319 W
23,045 00
18,:i57 00
8.351 00
111,431 (HI
5,360 00
21,550 00
5,250 00
7.0<;o 00
112,585 IMJ
1
?
1558
75
500
1500
....
"io
"30
15
15
5
fiO
3000
"1666
15
""3
8
50
3000
20
75
250
200
126
120
3
4
5
95
!"■■"
1000
1300 ...
1600 500
"6606
2000
15000
75 1-^
ft
709
16660
20000
14000
13000
1500
60
15C0
175
100
7
8
24000 2800' 166
2500 400 100
1700 90 25
24000, 20 15
20
500
q
"8340
in
50
1503
2000
9000
'70
"75
"3560
'256
11
12
5365
184983
60500
60
97350 3820 :i55
3000, 35000
161
3155
1167018551540
880i
1
10730
22197
12100
600
9735, 11460 2840
60 1750
805
1
4733
2567 2783 770
1760
737,837 00
104
MARINE AND FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
Return showing the Number, Tonnage and value of Vessels, Boats, &c..
District.
Fishing Vessels and Boats.
Fishing Gear or Materials.
Vessels.
Boats.
Gill Nets.
Seines.
Trawls.
Weirs.
i
S
6
s
1
3
1
C
S
3
6
>
a
1.^
S
3
03
s
o
a5
a
>
1^
S
3
o
1
Pm
>
3
6
3
s
3
6
3
>
1
2
Digby and Vicinity..
Bay View and Cullo-
den
,272
1
$
28000
75
135
35
45
42
43
51
31
172
117
145
24
10
99
53
62
49
S
4580
1800
1415
5500
4100
5350
2750
13.S00
10300
12500
1075
2900
6195
5200
1960
4220
40
50
50
65
35
65
42
145
115
2S0
30
55
134
86
106
89
50
50
45
67
35
61
36
140
110
275
14
46
70
25
19
41
1000
1000
900
1340
700
1220
720
2800
2200
5500
280
920
2100
750
570
1230
«
250
250
225
330
175
305
180
700
550
1375
70
230
420
1.50
112
246
*>
3
4
1
6
3
450
150
135
50
1270
200
$
750
300
150
50
1700
345
575
55
62
84
43
95
51
186
220
200
16
50
60
$
11500
1100
1225
2160
860
1900
920
3720
4400
4000
320
1000
480
4
1
2
2
10
5
$
1500
600
3
Gulliver's Cove to
Waterford
1000
4
Centreville
5
Sandy and Mink
Coves
1100
6
7
Little River and
Whale Cove
Tiddville and East
Ferry
2
16
1700
11
8
Tiverton and Central
Grove
3
8
8
76
302
158
5000
9000
4400
24
94
56
3
3
11
8
250
250
600
320
525
200
2400
320
9
10
11
Freeport..
Westport
Smith's Cove and
Brighton
1<K)0
12
Plymfton to Wey-
mouth
1
1
17
15
600
400
6
13
Belliveau's Cove and
vicinity
Comeauville and vi-
cinity . . ,
1000
14
15
Meteghan
5
9
43
100
145
900
2150
25
50
16
Cape St. Mary to
County Line
1101
/
52150
341
1143
J
83145
1387
4
1084
5568
45
3675
67401697
33585
24
7100
Employed in haddock canning factory.
FISHERY INSPECTORS' REPORTS— NOVA SCOTIA 105
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
in the County of Digby, Province of Nova Scotia, for the year 1909-10.
Lobster Plant.
Other Fixtures used i.s Fisheries.
Lob-
ster
Cars,
Cra-
tes,
«TC.
Total.
>
Smelt
Nets.
Hand
Lines.
Canne-
ries.
Traps.
at)
II
15
Freezers
and Ice
Houses.
Smoke
and Fish
Houses.
Piers
and
Wharfs.
Tugs,
Steamers,
Smacks.
c
o
S
3
i
>
%
60
"'46
130
500
200
930
S
3
;z;
200
78
76
62
50
100
70
325
165
450
40
127
126
106
140
140
2255
J
>
$
200
78
76
62
50
100
70
325
165
450
40
127
63
63
70
70
u
ID
Xi
c
1
1
3
J
a
3
12;
3
"3
>
J
_3
>
S
"3
>
1
3
>
3
B
3
2
s
1000
1500
1200
15S5
2500
1400
1800
1000
3080
3000
2800
125
630
1400
3700
47(¥)
%
1500
1200
1585
2500
1400
1800
1000
3080
3000
2800
125
630
1400
3700
4700
3400
"'56
10
*20
5
4
5
3
4
4
1
4
1
5
3
4
1
S
5000
350
275
150
18.^^0
675
50
350
350
500
90
120
100
28
6
7
17
19
29
8
32
20
24
8
5
63
40
37
33
36000
200
185
5u00
1025
1790
250
9
2
2
4
8
1
$
15000
6200
'3666
1900
1450
150
20000
3900
11600
750
2550
1
1
1
1
1
2
S
2000
125
500
4000
300
1000
S
S
1
2
2
1
3
1
2
1
1
1
2
1
10000
3350
1500
1800
300
800
300
700
4
5
6
7
4
3075 16
4500 21
3100 35
660 4
2
2
1200
725
8
9
10
11
2
1
150
1360
800
1020
950
4
1
1
1
200
250
1000
7500
12
13
19 ....
1
38
...
14
15
300 3100
19
1
200
1 250
16
9860
11
1999
14
20050 33820
33820
96
44
376
60065 107
66700
15 11550
750(J
400,762
106
MARINE AND FISHERIES
•jaqoin^
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
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FISHERY INSPECTORS' REPORTS— NOVA SCOTIA
107
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
1
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108
MARINE AND FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
Return showing the Number, Tonnage and Value of Vessels and Boats and the
Industry in the County of Annapolis, Province
Districts.
Fishing Vessels
AND Boats.
F
ISHING
Vessels.
Boats.
Gill Nets.
1
S
c3
S
c
2
>
si
B
3
s>
>
s
CI
B
3
o
>
1
Annapolis County.
Margaretville ,
1
30
$
800
5
15
20
37
16
31
47
35
35
8
65
2
100
45
$
394
400
740
350
500
1300
1100
1050
400
5000
80
5000
225
20
25
70
15
52
78
40
46
16
90
2
100
■ 45
67
56
126
40
104
92
65
69
2010
1700
3780
1200
3120
2760
1950
2070
$
700
?
Port George
.575
3
Port Lome
1224
4
Hampton
400
5
Phinney 's Cove
104
6
Parker's Cove
920
7
Hillsburn
650
8
Litchfield
690
q
Port Wade
Victoria Beach
Clementsport
9
2
270
63
8300
900
i25
22
10
11
20
4
100
600
120
1000
200
40
1?
5000
13
Lequille River, Round Hill River,
Inland Waters
Totals
12
363
10000
152
456
16539
599
743
8850
10503
Return showing the kinds and quantities
of Fish and Fish Products in
Districts.
Kinds
OF Fish.
1
S
3
1
§
B
"a
1
bo
c
b
.a
1
bo
_g
'C
w
Tf
O
B
ti.
a
■E
a
.a
on
2
a «
if
s"
1
0
•s
0
1
§
w
0
.2
a
•a of
11
="a
|i
a
1
Annapolis County.
Margaretville
Port George
Port Lome
6000
20000
1000
2000
1000
1200
.375
375
92.")
350
550
1200
750
700
5000
8000
4000
7000
5000
7000
1500
6000
45000
30000
2500
25000
40
200
llfJO
130
1250
2000
180
120
1150
1000
425
325
450
250
450
700
650
350
1650
1200
40
2000
3000
8000
5500
13000
2500
70000
5000
5000
230000
750000
6000
400
350
400
400
550
2700
1500
1300
2
3
2500
1000
4000
2500
7000
5000
4000
2500
200
2500
1000
500
"566
4
Hampton
4000
5
Phinney's Cove
2000
6
Parker's Cove
28500
7
Hillsboro
10000
8
Litchfield
Kono
9
Port Wade
1000'
10
Victoria Beach
Clementsport
1550
60
5000
n
12
Annapolis River and Basin. . . .
Lequille River, Round Hill Riv-
er, Inland Waters
16500
2200
13
Totals
49900
5225
146000
28700
45(50
7170
8490
1098000
10210, 55500
Values
7485
23512
1460
674
540
71700
38205
32940
30630
3330
FISHERY INSPECTORS' REPORTS— NOVA SCOTIA 109
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
Quantity and Value of all Fishing Materials and other Fixtures used in the Fishing
of Nova Scotia, for the Year 1909-10.
Gear ob Materials.
Lobster Pl.
VNT.
Other Fixtures used in
Fisheries.
Whole
Fishing
Hand
Lines.
Freezers
Smoke
Piers
Tiawls.
Weirs.
Crates.
Traps.
and
and
and
Gear.
fe
Ice Houses.
Fish Houses.
Wharfs.
C
C
C
C
^
aj
Z
9
z
6
J
«'
Z
t
Z
a;
J
«
Z
i
ti
3
H
3
2
3
S
3
S
3
S
3
B
S
^
3
f:
c8
?
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<4
3
"3
e]
3
c3
3
cS
3
oS
"3
-1
'A
>
^
>
'A
>
Z
>
^
>
:«
>
^
>
^
>
>
^
$
$
$
s
$
$
$
15
75
500
125
120
620
3
4
1
5
2
750
1000
250
1250
450
68
80
190
63
104
35
80
190
53
250
1000
IKHI
50(t
2500
250! 4
500
750
250
400
200
11
18
24
11
23
600
416
1220
700
700
1
50
1000
1100
500
2500
12
5
4
2
?
9^
3
4
24
'.".'
134
104 ...
5
184
920
1
250
184
1381450;i450
5000
5000' 3
450
35
1750
i
iooo
6
140
7rKt
500
250
1360
20
50
5290
175
46
125
180
4
125 ...
1500
1200
300
2500
ISOOj 2
1200'
300 1
200
200
16
800
1
3000
7
!)?
"3
GOO
46
125
180
4
23 1150
18 900
500
4
8
1
3000
3000
2000
9
V(\
2500
88
6
4400
300
10
4
4
7
30
400
700
5650
11
10
1''
1219
1080
1J50
13
1448
1450
15850
15850
33
2950
273
12936
15, 12000
94248 00
the County
of Annapolis, Province
of Nova Scotia,
for
the Year 1909-10.
KlNHS
OK Fish.
X
a.
0
I]
•<
>
i
4J
u
•c
®
OS
K
■s
I
1
"3
X
i
.a
CD
no
3
i
= 1
<
JO
i
j5
IS
Ed
i
•a
a
§
II
1
1
'3
i
0
1
■3
n
JS
3
3
j=
s
0
5
375
260
270
275
230
1165
1450
1200
1025
5000
9800
125
500
450
350
475
3.S0
5.")0
425
400
7000
60
1000
1800
1200
aoo
IJno
4
10
6
6
8
6
4
5
3
4
3
2
5
10
6
5
10
12
9
8
1500
6000
1700
1800
1800
2500
1800
1600
4000
1300
700
800
6000
8000
10000
7000
10
20
25
10
130
125
140
130
350
425
400
300
1450
2.'00
25
3
225
460
375
49Ji
$ Ct8.
1
350
6
0
400
500 7»>0
200 400
l(KX) ISitO
1300 2«UH3
350 1250
975 1050
1300 7500
3
325
4
1800
8000 15
3000 25
6OOOI 8
6OOO; 9
3000 ....
1600 65
1100 7
5
22<>0
t;no()
6
1700
1450
9000
1150
600C
8000
'"7.VI
7
8
q
10000
200
"l2
800
8510
40
3
95<X) 15<10
300 !*><«
10
n
120
800
21
50
1500
v
7000
n
27700
20800
11090
32200 7000
120j 61
800
77
25600
60500' 215
5678
14863
25940
12970
5256
1
83100
4160
33270
3220 700
1440
259
80
770
76500
1815 860 1703
i 1
22294
10512
3>'8293
110
MARINE AND FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
Return showing the Number, Tonnage and Value of Vessels and Boats and the quan
in the County of Kings. Province
Districts.
Fishing Vessels. and Bo.
iTS.
Fishing
Vessels.
Boats.
Gill-nets.
Seines.
a
S
3
C
"a
>
m
— c
1^
u
s
3
20
12
5
12
10
27
5
20
6
12
8
4
4
150
a5
$
400
200
400
600
200
700
65
50O
60
1310
170
40
40
4685
B
32
12
6
20
14
45
8
35
12
24
16
4
S
D
'^
13
10
11
11
14
37
e
o
OS
400
445
500
250
410
800
s
>
$
175
150
300
100
150
325
c
5
5
6
4
3
2
s
o
.a
500
500
600
400
350
325
>
1
Kings County.
300
2
.300
3
1
1
1
2
20
25
14
38
350
400
200
450
1
2
6
350
4
2.50
5
Chipman's Brook and Hunting Point
225
30O
7
8
Race Point and Shpffield Vault
45
10
30
5
1200
100
450
100
350
125
230
125
3
2
4
2
1
300
325
3000
350
2000
200
9
300
10
11
Scott's Bay. . .
1
48
700
4
1200
20(»
1''
Starr's Point to Wolfville
800
13
Totals
6
145
2100
18
228
189
4655
2030
37
8650
4425
Return showing the kinds and quantities of Fish and Fish Products in
Districts.
Kinds of Fish.
e
1
1
§
1
1
s
■£
4)
w
10000
20000
25000
43700
21400
35400
1.5000
8000
1400(1
,5(Ml(KI
20(H)
700
245200
■i
E
t£
s
u
w
4
t
i.
1
.2
1-^
%
a
.2
"E
T3
175
50
20
164
75
275
200
225
25
50
12
15
HS
o
"4
1
w
1
Kings County.
20000
^5
800
"500
4000
"2500
2000
i(;(i(K)o
25000
200
225
200
225
1500
1500
1200
400
1000
4000
20
50
60
70
100
110
5
3
15
60
2000
2
Victoria Harbour and Ogilvie Wharf —
10000 20
10000 50
20000 75
18000 85
12000 110
8000 25
8000 ; 75
18000: 35
8000 400
400 .30
1000
1200
4
5
Canada Creek
Chipuian's Brook and Hunting Point. . .
2600
4700
21000
7
Race Point and Sheffield Vault
2500
8
5000
9
10
Whalen Beach and Well's Cove
3000
10000
11
3000
12
13
Starr's Point to Wolfville
Upper Gaspereau and all Inland Waters
300
4500
137200
930
194800
10450
493
1286
4
56600
20580
4185
2452
3890
1254
4930
5787
40
1698
FISHERY INSPECTORS' REPORTS— NOVA SCOTIA
Ul
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
tity and Value of all Fishing Materials and other Fixtures used in the Fishing Industry
of Nova Scotia, for the year 1909-10.
Gear or Materials.
LOBSTKK
Plant.
Other Fixtlrks Used in
F1SHERIE.S.
Whole
Fishing
Gear.
£
'a
>
Trawls.
J
S
5
5
6
4
1
2
3
3
6
2
1
Weirs. ^:3"f'-«
1 rsets.
Hand
Lines.
Traps.
Freezers
and Ice
Houses.
Smoke
and Fish
Houses.
Piers and
Wharfs.
1
S
s
15
S
>
£
s
>
a
3
>
s
1
100
25
25
50
32
150
20
100
16
100
25
10
a
>
$
100
25
25
50
32
150
20
100
16
100
25
10
S
3
12;
£
"3
>
Is
>
a
S
£
>
1
3
1
>
i
H
1250
1250
1800
1000
100
100
200
300
300
150
150
25
200
200
$
100
100
200
300
300
150
150
25
200
200
4
I
1
2
4
2
4
2
1
$
100
50
15
25
50
160
50
100
50
25
10
4
4
5
7
6
3
6
2
20
3
1
%
200
125
100
125
175
%
1
?
■'85
150
425
3
R
4
10
750
500
500
750
750
1500
500
200
5
■^5
300
175
300
40
500
125
50
6
7
94
325
75
91
K
4
q
(y
10
11
" 8
80
12
1^
1151
42
85
10750
8
80' a^
653
1725
1725
25
685
71
2215
j 30499
1
1
the County of Kin^s, Province of Nova Scotia for the year 1909-10.
Kinds
OF Fish.
%.
^
X
"O m
1
t
u
» 0;
II
u
.5
i
00
S
00
Alewives or Gas]
reau, brls.
§
P5
CD
to"
6
0
s
i
ti)
■5
.2
p5
■J
00
c3
. QD
2
1
6
-s
Total
Value of
ALL Fish.
$ cts.
15
12
8
81
262
20
30
116
650
250
....
2
1
20
25
40
30
100
200
250
400
40
350
250
.500
500
300
500
1
?.
3
3 ...
56! 400
700
4
71
150
51
75
75
12.50
2'
25
40
300
700
1
•JO 450
150, (iOO
750
45001
5
35
600
4
1
6
8
20
50
200
300
24
20
400
16
200
350
400
2000
50
20
375
8
in
10
30
520
8
40
400
175
1200
9
15
700
5
60
300
?l
15
300'.... ...
25
800
4500
10
" 6
12
lOOJ
8000
12
10
58
1566
1500
20
25
2.J0
500 I20O1 800
100
1200
250
n
200'
....
:?.
13
118
354
1300
378
726
4525
8000
574
: 2439 50
41251200 800
295'4175
1
16800
78
1134
21-78
452-50
800
6%
75
4125 50 2400 24
88 50 8350
8400 76,417 00
112
MARINE AND FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
RECAPITULATION
Of the Yield and Value of the Fisheries in District No. 3, Nova ScOtia, for the
Year 1909-10.
Kinds of Fish.
C^uantities.
Value.
Total Value.
Salmon, fresh
M smoked
lb.
brls.
lb.
'.'.'.'.'.'.'. brls.
lb.
cwt.
brls.
278,630
1,840
56,513
5,646,625
674,296
832,535
2,899
1,573,436
67,502
416,038
812
4,299,182
1,957,775
64,776
86,928
51,990
71,500
78,736
865,443
100,822
243
5,554
126,650
4,925
620
10,552
2,507
260,430
61,900
122,800
42,461
61,328
76,935
158,473
40
$ cts.
43,200 50
306 00
8 cts.
43,506 50
389,462 80
148,619 50
1,162,035 40
Herring, salted . . .
II fresh
II smoked
237,194 00
125,724 00
26,544 80
Mackerel, fresh
II salted
105,134 50
43,485 00
Lobsters, preserved in cans
II fresh in shell
472,029 40
690,006 00
Cod, dried
1,942.259 00
7,652 00
lb.
1,949,911 00
Haddock, fresh ,
130,192 15
117,765 50
201,671 00
232,462 00
10,4.33 00
II dried
Hake, dried
II sounds .
Cusk
cwt.
".'.'..'.. lb.
cwt.
lb.
'..".'.'.. brls.
'....'.'.'. lb.
.' .' .' . ." .' .' brls.
449,628 65
242,885 00
1,430 00
Pollack
Halibut
211,341 00
90,242 50
16,132 70
Shad
2,786 00
18,554 50
Smelts
Eels ...
12, .536 00
4,205 50
5,489 00
19,544 00
Squid
'.'.'....' lb.
10,189 00
7,782 90
7,428 00
Tom Cod
4,384 00
Mixed and coarse fish
brls.
. ... galls.
31,505 00
81,117 00
11 used as fertilizer
Fish oil
30,873 00
46,006 50
No.
50 00
Total for 1909
4,988,245 45
„ 1908
4,459,653 43
528,592 02
FISHERY INSPECTORS' REPORTS— XOV A SCOTIA 113
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
RECAPITULATION
Of the Number and Value of Fishing Vessels, Boats, Nets, ic, in District No. 3,
Nova Scotia, for the year 1909-10.
No.
DescriiJtion.
Value.
Totals.
391
7,240
Fishing vessels (14, 161 tons). .
1, boats
Gill nets (420,334 fathoms)
$
733,544
396.344
$
1,129,888
19,061
162,704
41,940
46,525
89,221
24,250
1,865
16,787
279
Seines (28,395 fathoms)
145
5,728
Trawls
101
Weirs
142
Smelt nets
23,584
Hand lines
Lobster canneries
II trafw
383,292
58
246,695
70,450
229.285
8,950
II cars, crates
Freezers and icehouses . .
308,685
182
42,24c
217,921
295,120
97,650
2,463
Smoke and fish houses
983
88
Fishing piers and wharfs
11 tug^ and smacks
Total
652,936
2,474,801
Statement of persons employed.
Number of men in vessels 3,536
II .1 boats 8,164
Persons employed in canneries, &c 890
Total 12,590
22—8
114
MARINE AND FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
RECAPITULATION
Of the Fisheries of the whole Province of Nova Scotia, for the Year 1909-10.
Kinds of Fish.
Salmon, fresh lb.
II preserved in cans i
II smoked and salted h
Herring, salted . . brls.
II fresh lb.
II smoked and kippered n
Mackerel, fresh ,.
11 salted brls.
Lobsters, preserved in cans lb.
II fresh in shell cwt.
Cod, dried „
11 fresh lb.
II tongues and sounds brls.
Haddock, fresh lb.
II smoked (finnans) n
II dried cwt.
Hake, dried i
II sounds lb.
Pollack cwt.
Halibut lb.
Trout
Shad brls.
Alewives ■
Smelts lb.
Bass 1
Eels brls.
Clams II
Oysters n
Squid II
Swordfish lb.
Flounders n
Tom Cod
Mixed Fish brls.
Fish used as bait ... n
11 used as fertilizer. . ' n
Fish oil galls
Seal skins No.
Total for 1909
1908
Increase
Quantities.
633,465
1,872
10,972
129,172
9,687,790
755,971
2,968,710
35,194
3,794,422
81,960
532,550
2,682,371
1,068
8,533,667
2,38C,775
103,746
98,418
55,493
94,775
1,259,713
188.212
472
9,850
718,354
13,325
2,951
17,792
1,716
10,991
146,611
475,340
209,800
47,269
88,557
95,850
247,530
366
Value.
$ cts.
89,784 71
280 80
1,825 80
Total Value.
564,159 50
166,135 65
42,879 80
318,752 00
455,112 00
1,138,325 20
771,298 00
2,524,819 00
64,492 77
10,038 00
246,928 30
143,145 50
338,066 00
260,829 50
11,298 75
$ cts.
91,891 31
773,174 95
773,864 CO
1,909,623 20
2,599,349 77
728,139 80
272,128 25
259,4.58 50
129,669 50
24,871 70
5,866 00
34,495 00
51,656 88
5,045 50
28,799 00
34,024 00
10,296 00
38,013 00
13,695 77
14,230 20
6,5.56 00
41,126 00
121,960 50
40,.S30 00
72,330 48
516 25
,081,111 56
1,009,838 93
71,272 63
FISHERY INSPECTORS' REPORTS— NOVA SCOTIA 115
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
RECAPITULATION
Of Vessels, Boats, Nets, &c., and of the capital invested in the Fisheries of the whole
Province of Nova Scotia> for the Year 1909-10.
Number.
Description.
Value.
$
873,294
669,317
(X)5,214
174,773
107,370
140,916
25,895
10,128
39,194
225.180
512,145
8,950
286,205
553,344
620,079
162,905
Total Value.
616
Fishing vessels (18,242 tons)
?
16,102
73,345
704
311
14,194
11 boats
Gill nets (1,821,234 fath.ms)
Seines (103,799 fathoms)
Trap nets
Trawls
1,542,61]
139
881
43,970
217
Smelt nets
Hand lines
1,103,490
692,465
266
11 traps
11 cars, crates, &c .
746,275
5,753
2,350
169
Piers am' wharfs
Total
1,622,533
5,014,909
Statement of persons employed.
Number of men in vessels
II II boats .
4,575
18,583
3,515
26.673
Persons employed in canneries, &c
Total
22—8.^
116 MARINE AND FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
APPENDIX No. 4.
NEW BRUNSWICK.
District No. 1, comprising the counties of Charlotte and St. John. Inspector
John F. Colder, Cainpobello.
District No. 2, comprising the counties of Albert, Westmorland, Kent, North-
umberland, Gloucester and Restigouche. Inspector, R. A. Chapman, Moncton.
District No. 3, comprising the counties of Kings, Queens, Sunbury, York,
Carleton, Victoria and Madawaska. Inspector, II. E. Harrison, Fredericton.
REPORT ON THE FISHERIES OF DISTRICT No. 1.
Campobello, N.B., 1910
To the Superintendent of Fisheries,
Ottawa.
Sir, — I have the honour to submit herewith my fourth annual report on the fisheries
of District No. 1, New Brunswick, consisting of the counties of St. John and Charlotte,
for the fiscal year ended March 31, 1910, together with the statistics of the different
subdivisions.
I have to report a decrease ih the value of the catch as compared with the previous
year of .^.51,347. 1-5. The value of the catch for 1908-9 was .$1,374,792.40. The value
of the catch for this year is $1,323,445.2.5. I am pleased to report, however, that the
decrease was not of such a character as to cause any alarm in regard to the future of
the fisheries of this district. Owing to the poor condition of the market for dry hake,
that branch was not prosecuted to any extent. And the decrease in the value of the
hake fishery more than offsets the total decrease of the yield for the year. In 1908 the
value of the dry hake was $98,500. This year it is $39,935 ; a difference of $58,565,
which is .$7,178.85 in excess of the total decrease of the fisheries of the district. I
may say that at this writing and for the past few months the price of dry hake in the
foreign markets has decidedly improved and there is every indication of the coming
season being a very profitable one for this important fishery.
HERRING.
The season of 1909 was a very profitable one for the herring fishery, especially the
smoked herring industry at Grand Manan. There were 3,617,000 pounds of smoked
herring marketed against 1,493,000 in 1908. And of smoked herring that were
prepared and sold as boneless there were 258,000 pounds this year against 103,000
pounds for the previous year. On account of the great increase in the product of this
branch, prices were a little lower than in 1908, but the total value of the smoked herring
industry for the season was $134,320 against $62,555 for 1908; an increase of more
than 100 per cent. In salt herring sold in barrels there is also a substantial increase.
This year we have an output ef 3,603 barrels with 2,560 for 1908.
FISHERY INSPECTORS' REPORTS— NEW BRUNSWICK 117
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
SARDINES.
The catch of sardine herring for 1909 was 37,7G1 barrels less than in 190S, the
yield for 1908 being 286,254 barrels and 248,493 for 1909. This was a peculiar year
for this fishery. The spring run was exceptionally large and the summer ' school'
apparently was the ecjual of any other season and until the middle of September the
catch, excepting in a few localities was all that could be desired. But after that it was
complete failure, excepting a fair catch at Grand Manan. The sud<ien and almost com-
plete disappearance of these fish is by many attributed to an extremely rainy period
we had during the latter part of September. It poured for an entire week and the
rivers and streams which empty into the bays were swollen very greatly and no doubt
the great infiux of fresh water was, in a large measure, the cause of the breaking up
of the 'school.' The Canadian weir owners and the two unions with which most of
them are affiliated deserve great praise for the successful efforts they have made towards
getting a fair price for their product. The schedule of prices arranged for the coming
season, viz., $12 per h(»g+;head until August 1st and ^6 for the remainder of the .season
is greatly in advance of any prices ever paid in the past. I may say that many weir
owners are contracting their catch to the different American canners at the above
mentioned prices and one or two complaints have come to me of boats representing the
Canadian canners being denied fish at contracted weirs, although they were offering
the same price as the Americans were paying. This grievance has not as yet a.ssumed
serious proportions and I am credibly informed that most of the contracting American
owners have notified their boatmen to give a ' turn' to Canadian buyers. However,
if the situation ever becomes acute, or if the Americans attempt to "buy up all the fish
and not give Canadian canners equal footing with them, I will recommend that it be
made a stipulati m in the licenses for herring weirs that Can idian canners, provided
they offer the market price, have a preference on the fish.
There was also a large falling off in the amount of sardines canned in Charlotte
county as compared with 1908. 4,899,000 cans were packed in 1908 and 3,:"3G9,300
during 1909. This shortage in the pack is to be accounted for by the supply of herring
giving out so early in the season. At the present writing the Canadian market for this
article is very buoyant and if there is a good run of herring, we will have a record pack
for the year. All of the canners are striving to put up a first-class article and as a re-
sult they are finding greatly improved market conditions.
SALMON.
There was a large decrease in the catch of salmon for the year, 310,940 pounds being
procured during 1908 and only 221,180 for 1909.
LOBSTERS.
The lobster fishery has been very successful during the past year. There was a slight
increase in the canned product and an increase of nearly 50 per cent in the quantity
sold alive. There were 7,180 cwts. of live lobsters exported during 1908-9 and 10,147
cwts. in 1909-10. This increase is in a great measure due to the extremely mild winter
which we have enjoyed, the weather being so fine that fishermen could operate their
traps nearly as regularly as they can during the spring months. However, even if the
weather is to receive the credit for an increase of §29,670 in the value of the yield of
the live lobster industry, we have it demonstrated very plainly that the lobsters are in
no immediate' danger of extermination.
I hear from time to time complaints of Canadian fishermen selling their spawn
'obsters to United States officials to be used in their hatcheries and as a means of remov-
ing that temptation from certtiin misguided fishermen and at the same time doing a
lasting benefit to the industry, T would urgently recommend that a lobster hatchery be
erected in the district.
118 MARINE AND FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
COD.
There is very little change to note in this fishery. There was a substantial increase
in the amount dried and a large decrease in the quantity sold fresh. This shows that
the run of summer cod, which are diieH, was good, but that the winter catch, which
are sold fresh, was very poor.
HAKE.
As already pointed out, there was a heavy decrease in the quantity of hake caught
as compared with recent years. During 1908, 39',400 cwts. of hake were caught and
only 15,974 in 1909. This decrease, however, is all due to the unsatisfactory state of
the market, the prices for the greater part of the fishing season being so low that the
fishermen abandoned this branch altogether.
HADDOCK.
In 190« 1,547,700 pounds of haddock were sold fresh and 2,292,500 pounds during
the past year. Most of these go to t!ie Canadian market and the assistance granted by
your department to the shippers has materially benefited the industry.
POLLOCK.
There was a decrease in the pollock fishery of 4,135 cwts. as compared with 1908 ;
30,565 cwts. were caught that year and 26,430 during 1909.
CLAMS.
23,268 barrels of clams were exported this year against 10,765 for 1908, an increase
of over 50 per cent. But as 47,943 barrels were exported during 1907, I would class this
as an average year for the clam industry.
ALEWIVES.
Again I have to report a decrease in the catch of alewives. The yield for 1908
was 10,150 barrels while that of this year was only 8,510 barrels.
Violations.
1909 was a comparatively quiet year in so far as violations of the regulations for
the protection of the fisheries were concerned. It is very gratifying to be able to report
that no complaints of dynamiting pollock in Charlotte county were lodged during the
season and I firmly believe that' no dynamiting was done in that county. When we
compare that record with the conditions which existed a few years ago, we have every
reason to feel proud.
Mr. S. V. Skillin, Fishery Guardian at St. Martins, St. John county, reported to
me complaints of dynamiting in the vicinity of Quaco Ledge. He boarded and
frightened away one of the alleged operators. I had arranged to go with him and
endeavour to capture the ofi'enders, if they came back, but evidently they thought
discretion the better part of valour and stayed away. As Qua;'0 Ledge is nine miles from
shore, it is a very difficult matter for a Fishery Guardian to efiectually protect tlie
fishing grounds around it and this off shore work will, in a large measure, have to be
looked after by the cruiser Curleiv.
In conclusion I may say that our fishermen have abundant faith in the future of
their calling. Motor boats have almost completely displaced the old sail and row
boats to the extent that we now possess as fine a fleet of fishing boats as any place in
the world. Gasoline engines are also being used by the weir men in drivinij stakes,
thus doing away with a lot of hard labour and greatly facilitating the building opera-
tions. The American canners are compelled to pay good prices for our sardine herring,
FISHERY INSPECTORS' REPORTS— NEW BRUNSWICK 119
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
the Canadian market for canned sardines is rapidly growing and the great influx of
settlers into the Northwest is bound to provide new markets for all our fishery
products. With the expectation of a good catch the prospects are exceedingly
"° I desire to express my thanks to you and the officials of your department for your
courteous treatment.
I have the honour to be, sir,
Your obedient servant,
JOHN F. C ALDER,
Inspector of Fisheries.
120 MARINE AND FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
DISTRICT No. 2.
REPORT ON THE FISHERIES.
MoNCTON, May 19th 1910.
To the Superintendent of Fisheries,
Ottawa.
Sir, — I have the honour to submit my report of the fisheries for district No. 2 in
the province of New Brunswick, consisting of the counties of Restigouche, Gloucester,
Kent, Westmorland and Albert together with the parish of Stanley in the county of
York, and the parish of Aberdeen in the county of Carleton, for the fiscal year 1909-
1910, and returns giving the products and value, by districts and counties, also an
estimate of the capital employed in the prosecution of these fisheries.
These returns show an aggregate value of .$3,315,916 which is a few thousand
dollars less than last yeax', but prices of several kinds of fish are made up considerably
below those of previous years, and owing to low prices prevailing during 1908 some
of the fisheries were not prosecuted quite as vigorously as during the two or three
years previously when prices were very high.
The catch of the several kinds of fish do not vary much from last years except in
LOBSTERS.
The pack of these being upwards of six hundred thousand pounds (600,000 lbs.) less,
which falling off appeared to be general all along our coasts.
SMELTS.
The total take was nearly two million (2,000,000 lbs.) pounds in excess of
that of 1908-1909, and prices were never before so high, being about double what they
have been some other years, and consequently many more licenses were issued than
ever before.
CLAMS.
More were raked both of soft shell and quahaugs, prices being high and fishing
good.
I have the honour to be, sir,
Your obedient servant,
R. A. CHAPMAN,
Inspector of Fisheries.
FISHERY IXSPECTORS' REPORTS— NEW BRUNSWICK 121
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
DISTRICT No. 3.
REPORT ON THE FISHERIES.
Frederictox, 1910.
To the Superintendent of Fisheries,
Ottawa.
Sir, — I have the honour of submitting my eighth annual report on the condi-
tion of fisheries in district No. 3. (inland,) province of New Brunswick, for the year
1909-10, tog ther with statistics showing the quantity and value of the different kinds
of fish, a'so the materials used and value of same in each district and county.
I find that the value of fish taken is practically the same as in 1908-9 while the
value of what is classed as materials is considerably in excess of that returned for 1908-
1909, but the increase is of a non-producing kind, costly club houses, but used exclu-
sively by fishermen and their guests.
Value of fish. Value of material.
1908-9 $37,394.50 $43,158.00
1909-10 36,954.00 59,018.00
A decrease in value of fish of 8440 50 and an added value of material of 815,860-
Before the close of the year your department directed ms to ascertain, as nearly as pos.
sible, the prices for which the different kinds of fish sold in the several local markets.
This I did, and got, as nearly as possible an average price and find that the prices
did not vary much from those used in making up my statistics for the year 1908-9.
While the conditions for salmon fishing were considered, and seem to have been very
good in the lower section of the St. John river, particularly in Kings county, they w^ere
not so favourable in York count}', as the previous year, on account of the heavy rains
and many rises of water which has very much more effect in the upper part of the river.
Several who took out licenses, particularly in Carleton and Victoria counties, did
not get a salmon throughout the season.
The water kept so high fish had no difficulty in reaching their spawning beds, which
should help keep the future supply of salmon good.
Quite a quantity of fry was deposited in the Tobique waters last season and will,
no doubt, result in much benefit.
SHAD.
There is nothing very encouraging respecting the condition of the shad fi.shery.
While there was an increase of some thousands of pounds over the previous year's catch,
the supply is altogether short of the demands of our local markets and fish not nearly as
palatable have to be brought in to supply the demand.
Perhaps the increase last .season is an indication of better things to come for shad
fishermen and fish eacers.
ALEWIVES.
Alewives were not .so plentiful as in 1908-9, at least not so many were taken. I
believe because of the stormy weather and oily condition of the water the work was
quite disagreeable and not prosecuted to such an extent as is the case some years. Those
who prepare for the work and attend to it are fairly well remunerated for the short time
ihey have to fish.
122 MARINE AND FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
TROUT,
The catch of trout was about the same as last year.
One of the peculiarities about the benefit of having our lakes and streams well
stocked with these game little fellows, is that most of the financial return does not go
to the fishermen, but is distributed quite generally amongst all classes of citizens.
Thousands of dollars are left in the province by foreigners who spend from a day or
two to several weeks, about our beautiful lakes and streams.
Many more would come if they could be assured of good trout fishing.
PICKEREL.
The reported increase of pickerel is quite noticeable, about one- third.
The demand for this fish in the American market is good. They are shipped to
Boston. We do not often find them offered for sale on our local markets.
BASS.
The bass fishery was a failure last season. Although of small account for a good
many years, there were a few fish to be had in the Belleisle, but they seemed to have
departed elsewhere last season.
STURGEON.
The catch of sturgeon was much better last season than in 1908-9.
I am satisfied that this fishery is gradually improving as ifc was reported to me
several times last season, by pei-sons accustomed to being about the St. John river, that
they had heard sturgeon 'jumping' as their habit of leaping into the air and falling
broadside on to the water again, is called.
This noise, or splash can be distinctly heard, in a calm night, (as it is always in
the evening, or after dark, that they leip from the water,) for a half mile. Years ago
I have heard thousands of them make, the leap, fish eight feet long and weighing over
two hundi-ed pounds.
SYNOPSIS OF REPORTS FROM FISHERY OFFICERS.
I have not any overseer in Kings county.
The special guardians report the results, generally, quite as good as for some years
and in some cases more encouraging.
Overseer Bulyea for the southwestern section of Queens county reports the catch
of shad considerably better and that of pickerel and alewives some better than in
19089.
Overseer Hetherington for the northeastern section reports that the fi.-<heries have
not been prosecuted so diligently on account of railway constructioa work, but, that fi^^h
of the different kinds seem as plentiful as usual. He urges a straight license fee of $1
on all salmon nets, also a license fee of $1 for all shad nets.
In Sunbury county the shad fishing seems to have been somewhat better and ale-
wives not so plentiful.
Overseer McKay, York county, reports the general result of the season's fishing as
somewhat below that of 1908-9. He considers the very rainy season responsible for
this result. Salmon were very plentiful in the St. John river but were enabled to
escape the nets on account of the very high water.
They seemed much scarcer than usual in the Southwest Miraraichi, in York county,
until the nebs were removed from the tidal district, after which time large numbers got
to the spawning beds.
He would like to have some provision made for the hatching of speckled trout
spawn, now that the Pr'^vincial Government Hatchery on the Miramichi is closed.
He considers this fish much better than the sea trout for our lakes and streams.
In Carleton county the season was about an average one.
FISHERY INSP.ECTORS' REPORTS— NEW BRUNSWICK 123
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
In Victoria county the general result was about as usual.
I may state that Mr. T. F. Allen, the Superintendent of the Tobique Salmon Club,
told me that on account of the very high water throughout the season, few fish were
taken, until a few days before the season closed some splendid catches were made, and
that he had never seen, in his experience of about twenty years on the Tobique, so many
spawn fish, in fact, they had been seen up streams where he had never known them to
ascend before.
This would indicate that this branch of the fishery is not being overdone, and that
the protection is having considerable effect.
I expect to have a fishway put in the Big Magaguadavic Lake <lam this season.
This will be for the benefit of sportsmen who go after trout, as salmon do not get up the
Magaguadavic river.
Having been instructed by you to examine the conditions of the Salmon river in
Victoria county and report uiy impressions regarding the suitability of this stream as a
breedi'g place for salmon, I, in company with overseer Leclair, did so, and made my
report to your department. I expect to spend some days there this season and learn, if
possible, whether salmon do go to the first dam, about three miles as reported.
There were a few infractions of the fishing regulations last season. Every case re-
ported was attended to and with the exception of two, fines were imposed and collected,
and T find that one prosecution usually convinces the violators that it is better to res-
pect the law.
Several special angling permits were sold last season. Foreigners coming into
New Brunswick do not strongly object to paying $5 for the privilege of few days g<)od
trout fishing, but when they go home empty handed and §5 less in the pocket, they
register a kick.
There are many who come and stay the thirty days, or more, whicS exempts them
from paying the fee, but they spend a lot of money for supplies, lirc, and hiring guides.
Praclicall}' the whole of my district could be made very attractive to American
fishermen by a systematic and persistent stocking of streams and lakes with speckled
trout. It is well watered in every direction.
Thanking your ofiiciais for kindly treatment.
I have the honour to be, sir.
Your obedient servant,
H. E. HARRISON,
Itisptctor of Fisheries
124
ilARlXE ASD FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
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128
MARINE AND FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
RECAPITULATION
Of the Yield and Value of the Fisheries in District No 1, of the Province of New
Brunswick, for the season 1909-1910.
Kinds of Fish.
Cod, dried cwt.
" fresh or green lbs.
Haddock, dried cwt.
" fresh lbs.
" smoked (finnan baddies) n
Hake, dried cwt.
" sounds lbs.
Pollack, dried cwt.
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Salmon fresh or frozen
" smoked m
Haddies, canned cans.
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Herring, salted . .- brls.
" fresh or frozen lbs.
" smoked n
" kippered, canned cans .
Sardines, preserved in cans n
" fresh or salted brls.
Shad, salted m
Alewi ves n
Scallops, canned cans.
Eels, fresh . brls.
Clams, shelled galls.
Herring, smoked, boneless lbs.
" large, canned cans.
Cockles brls.
Lobsters, preserved in cans lbs
1, alive or fresh cwt.
Clams, canned cans.
Clams, quahaugs, &c brls.
Squid II
Coarse and mixed fish n
Fish used as bait. ... m
Fish as fertilizer
Fish oil, of all kinds
galls.
Total value for the year
Quantity.
5,704
18(>,800
588
2,292,500
105,500
15,974
17,863
26,430
13,100
221,180
3,000
97,700
27,700
102,800
3,603
415,700
3,617,000
404,970
3,569,300
248,493
1,020
8,510
44,900
325
2,115
258,000
58,350
140
32,640
10, 147
511,9(X)
23,268
555
5,040
14,.326
2,825
27,660
Prices.
$ cts.
4 50
03
2 50
02^
06
2 50
25
2 50
10
15
20
10
08
06
4 50
or
03
10
05
1 50
10 00
5 00
10
10 00
50
10
10
5 00
30
10 00
10
Total Value.
$ cts.
25,688 00
5,604 00
1,470 00
57,312 50
6,330 00
39,935 00
4,466 25
66,075 00
1,310 00
33,177 00
600 00
9,770 00
2,216 00
6,168 00
16,213 50
4,157 00
108.510 00
40,497 00
]7js,465 00
372,739 50
10,200 00
42,550 00
4,490 00
3,250 00
1,057 50
25,800 00
5,835 00
700 00
9,792 00
101,470 00
51,190 00
46,536 00
2,220 00
5,040 00
21,489 00
2,825 00
8,298 00
1,323,445 25
FISHERY INSPECTORS' REPORTS— NEW BRUNSWICK 129
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
RECAPITULATION
Of the Number and Value of ^'('ss(■l,s, I'oits, Weirs, Fishhouses, ic, used in thf Fish-
eries of District NO- 1, New Brunswick, comprising the Counties of St- John
and Charlotte, for the Fiscal Year 1909-10.
Number
Material.
Value.
Number
Material.
Value.
113
Fishing vessels (1901 tons) . . .
Fishing boats
(iill nets (279,245 fathoms) . . .
Seines (15,370 fathoms)
Fish factories
Trawls
Weirs
Smelts nets
$ cts.
69,975 00
109,908 00
40,560 (X)
30,670 00
85,500 00
8,576 00
267,340 00
bS5 00
2,030 00
4
25095
20
695
317
59
443
1
Lobster canneries
9 cts.
11,.500 00
23,975 00
9,200 00
55,815 00
115,520 00
23,,s.-,(i (M)
22,815 00
1953
1976
421
13
Lobster trai)S
Freezers an<l icehouses
Smoke and tishh(juses
Piers and wharfs
953
403
46
Tugs, steamers an 1 smacks
Pile drivers and scows..
Total value of material. . .
2765
Hand lines
877 819 00
Number of pei*sons employed in 1909-10 :—
Men in vessels
Men in boats
Persons in canneries and fishhouses
Total
3^2
2,250
392
3,024
22—9
130
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MARINE AND FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
RECAPITULATION
Of the Yield and Value of the Fisheries in District No. 2, New Brunswick,
for the Year 1909-10.
Kinds of Fish.
Quantities.
Price.
Value.
S cts.
$ cts.
Salmon, fresh
lb.
1,243,900
0 15
186,585 00
II preserved in cans
,1
6,700
0 15
1,005 00
II smoked
5,600
0 15
840 00
Herring, salted
brls.
138,900
4 00
555,600 00
II fresh
lb.
2,130,000
0 01
21,300 00
II smoked
1,
2,111,000
0 02
42,220 00
Mackerel, fresh
382, 2ee
0 12
45,864 CO
II salted
brls.
' 246
15 00
3,690 00
Lobsters, preserved
cans.
2,047,03Q
0 30
614,106 00
II in shell
cwt.
8,942
5 00
44,710 00
Cod, dried
II
75,750
4 00
303, OuO 00
11 tongues and sounds ...
brls.
340
10 00
3,400 00
f»wt.
5,210
6,685
7,750
3 00
2 00
0 50
15,630 00
Hake
13,370 00
M sounds
lb.
3,875 00
Halibut .
,1
100,400
0 10
10,040 00
Trout
„
120,300
0 10
12,030 00
Shad
brls.
3,227
10 00
32,270 00
Smelts ...
lb.
7,238,760
0 10
723,870 00
Alewives
brls.
5,280
3 00
15,840 00
lb.
204.800
2,779
0 10
10 00
20,480 00
Eels ...
brls.
27,790 00
Oy ters . .
19,340
6 00
116,040 00
1,
39,285
4 00
157,140 00
Flounders
lb.
546,200
0 01
5,462 00
Frost fish (tom cod)
1.
1,831,000
0 02
36,620 00
Squid ,
brls.
685
4 00
2,740 00
M
6,565
2 00
13,130 00
Fish oil
galls.
28,230
0 30
8,469 00
brls.
92,470
1 50
138,705 00
II as fertilizer. .
,,
279,900
116
0 50
1 25
139,950 00
No.
145 00
1
3,315,916 00
1
FISHERY INSPECTORS' REPORTS— NEW BRUNSWICK 139
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
RECAPITULATION
Of the Number and Value of Vessels, Boats, Nets, Traps, Ac, engaged in the Fisheries
in District No. 2, New Brunswick, in the Year 1909-10.
Materials
261 fishing vessels (3,327 tons).
5,:V20 fishing boats
757,000 fathoms gill nets
502 trawls
290 bass nets
2,602 smelt nets
6,590 hand lines
8 weirs
185 lobster canneries .
287,800 lobster traps
Values
199 freezers and ice house.^ .
475 fish and smoke houses.
39 piers and wharfs
75 tugs and smacks
1,471 smelt shanties
Total .
Total.
•S cts.
.? cts.
116,200
172,9(J0
360,000
3,250
1,780
160,500
4,. 520
3:J0
819,500
104,700
272,600
377,30*1
89,400
.50,1.30
18,000
2.5,900
29,400
212,830
1,409,630
St.aTKMENT of the number of persons em j.loyrd —
In vessels
In boats
In canneries, &c
1,069
9,907
5,210
Total 16,186
140
MARINE AND FISHEh'tES
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114
MARINE Ayn FISHERIES
RECAPITULATION
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
Of the Yield and Value of the Fisheries in District No. 3 of the Province of NeW
Brunswick, for the season 1909-10.
Kinds of Fish.
Quantity.
Prices .
$ cts.
0 18
0 10
0 15
0 07
0 07
12 00
3 00
0 02
10 00
0 04
0 08
0 10
0 10
1 00
2 00
Value.
Lb.
46,710
81,000
2,000
2,500
71,060
110
1,560
26,050
80
2,500
63,300
100
12,310
595
338
$ cts.
8,407 80
Trout (all kinds) "
Whitefish "
8.100 00
300 00
Smelts "
175 00
4,974 20
■1 salted
Alewives, salted
It fresh or smoked
Eels, salted
Perch
Brls.
."."■.■.'■■;!!'. ■.'.''' Lb.
Brls.
Lb.
1,320 00
4,680 00
521 00
800 00
100 00
5,064 00
Sea Bass "
10 00
1,231 00
M caviare
<Joarse and mixed fish . .
'y.^^'... '.'.'...... . Bris.
595 00
676 00
36,954 00
RECAPITULATION
Of the Number and Value of Vessels, Boats, Nets, Traps, &c., used in the Fisheries in
District No. 3, New Brunswick, during the year 1909-10.
Material.
Vessels (tonnage 45)
Boats
Gill nets (fathoms 45,100)
Hand lines
Eel traps ....
Smoke, ice, and Club Fishing Houses. . .
Total S'J.OIS 00
Value.
$ cts.
1,400 GO
10,070 00
20,260 00
5,113 00
()0 00
22,115 00
Number of men employed, 1,217.
FisHEiiv i\si'i:<Ti)iis- inii'oiri s—m:\v ni:i \s\\ ick 145
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
RECAPITULATION
Of tlie Yield and Value of tlie Fi.slieries of the whole Province of NeW BrunsWick
for the year 1 909-1 U.
Kinds of Fish.
Quantities.
Value.
Total Value.
Salmon, fresh
1. smoked
II presers'ed in cans
Lb.
. .... 11
1,511,790
8,600
6,700
142,r)03
2,.54 .5.700
6,449,320
382, 2<X)
246
2,079,660
19,089
81.454
186,800
.340
2,292,-500
5,798
203,200
22,6.59
25,615
26,4.30
113,500
201,300
4.712
7,268,900
15,480
204,9(X)
3,184
2,00<->
63,300
12,310
595
•i! ets.
228,109 80
1,440 00
1,0U5 00
.<! cts.
Brls.
Lb.
230,014 80
820,132 50
Herring, salted
II fresh
■1 smoked, kippered and boneless.'
571,813 50
25,457 Ou
222,862 00
45,864 00
3,690 00
.. salted '
Brls.
Lb.
Cwt.
".■.■.■.■.'. Lb.
Brls.
Lb.
Cwt.
Lb.
Cwt.
Lb.
Cwt.
Lb.
'.'.'.'.'.. Brls.
Lb.
Brls.
Lb.
Brls.
Lb.
Brls.
Lb.
49, .554 00
770,078 00
337,692 00
90, .512 00
61,646 25
60,075 00
Lobsters, pre.served in cans
11 fresh in shell
623,898 00
146,180 00
Cod, dried
M fresh
M tongues and sounds
328,688 00
5,604 00
3,400 00
Haddock, fresh
,. dried
" smoked and canned
57,312 00
17,100 00
16,100 00
Hake, dried
53,305 00
8,341 25
Halibut
Trout
Shad, fresh and salted
Smelts ...
11,350 00
20,130 00
48,764 20
726,261 00
03,.591 00
Bass
20,490 00
Eels
Whitefish
31,840 00
300 00
Pickerel <
Sturgeon
II caviare
1,231 '66'
595 00
5,064 00
1,826 00
551,204 00
5,462 00
Sardines
248,493
3,569,300
546,200
1,831,000
2,500
1,240
11,913
19,340
62,5.^)3
55(;,8t)0
2,115
102,800
140
55,8i>0
106,796
282,725
- 116
372,739 00
178,465 00
Tom-cod, (frost fish) n
36,620 00
Perch
Sq^uid
'.;.;;;■. Bris.
100 00
4.960 <>0
18 846 iK)
Oysters
...".'.■.■.' Lb.
Ualls.
Lb
Brls.
Galls.
Brls.
116^040 00
Clams. <iuahaug8
11 canned
.1 shelled.
203,676 00
55.680 00
1,057 50
260.413 50
6,168 00
Cockles
Fish oil
700 00
16,767 00
11 as bail
100.194 00
142,775 (J<J
Sealskins
145 IX)
Total Value for 1909
4,676.315 25
u 1908
4,754.298 00
77,982 00
22—10
146
MARINE AND FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
RECAPITULATION
Of the Number of Fishing Crafts, Nets, kc, in the whole Province of New Bruns-
wick, for the year 1909-10.
Material.
Fishing vessels, (5,273 tons).
Fishing boats
Gill nets, (fathoms).
Seines, (fathoms). . .
Smelt nets
Bass nets
Weirs
Trawls
Eel Traps
Hand lines
Lobster canneries.
Lobster traps . . . .
Ice houses and freezers . .
Fish and smoke houses . . .
Fishing piers and wharfs
Fishing tugs, and smacks .
Smelt shanties
Fish aud clam factories. . .
Pile drivers and scows. . . .
Total.
Number.
378
8,414
1,082,245
15,370
2,648
290
471
1,455
60
11,688
189
312,895
219
1,347
356
134
1,471
13
443
Value.
$ cts.
187,575
292,878
420,820
30,670
161,085
1,780
267,690
11,826
60
11,663
98,600
128,060
133,520
49,750
29,400
85,500
22,815
Total Value,
116,200
296,575
S cts.
480,453
905,594
412,775
547,645
2.346,467
Number of men en;?aged in the Fisheries of New Brunswick during 1909
Men in vessels
Men in boats
Persons employed in canneries, etc.
1,459
13,366
5,602
Total
20,427
Decrease in total value of fish $77,982
Decrease of workers 992
Decrease in value of crafts and material 19,096
FISHERY INSPECTORS' REPORTS— PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND U7
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
APPENDIX No. 5.
PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND.
Charlottetowv, p. E. I., March 31st, 1910.
To the Superintendent of Fisheries,
Ottawa.
Sir, — I have the honour to submit my Annual Report of the Fisheries of the Pro-
vince of Prince Edward Island for the year 1909-10, together with statistics, showing the
catch in detail in each county and locality, also synopsis of reports of overseers for
the past year, with reference to the principal features of the season's operations.
Lobsters.
I have to report a decrease of 842,546 lbs. from catch of year 1908-09. Lobsters
the past season were very small in size and it required a great many to fill a one pound
can, thereby entailing a good deal of labour and expense to have anything like fair
results. Tlie regulation re berried fish was well observed and a large majority of the
fishermen are desirous of protecting the mother fish.
Oysters.
I am pleased to have to report an increase in this industry over 1908-09 of 2,047
barrels Good prices were realized by fishermen.
In my report last year I made mention of the difficulty of preventing quahaug
fishermen from encroaching on oysters beds. This same difficulty was experienced the
past season. This is more particularly applicable to the oyster beds in Grand river,
where 1 find the greatest difficulty in restraining quahaug fishermen during the quahaug
season from overlapping and getting on the oyster beds.
I would recommend that the following rivers be closed, viz., Pownal, Orwell, North
river, also Hedeque bay. If measures are not at once taken, I fear the oyster industry
will very soon be destroyed in rivers above mentioned.
Cod.
This fishery shows a decrease of 3,891 cwts. This fishing is not prosecuted with
the same vigour that characterizes other fisheries.
Hakk.
In this fishery T have to report a decrease of 613 cwts from .season 1908-09.
22— lOi
148 MARIXE AND FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
Herring.
In salted herring there was an increase of 3,473 barrels; used for bait, 15,124
barrels; showing a large increase over season 1908-09 in Queens and Prince counties,
although in Kings county a shortage for baiting purposes was experienced.
QUAHAUGS.
There was a small increase in the quantity of quahaugs fished ovf-r 1908-09. It is
not that they are becoming more plentiful, but the contrary, but the increased number
of people that engage in this fishing, and I think that in a very short time quahaug
fishing industry will be a thing of the past.
Smelts.
Smelt fishing shows an increase of about ten per cent over season of 190809. This
fishing was quite satisfactory to fishermen. Good prices were realized for shipments
winch were made to Boston and New York. Fishermen are taking more care to have
tlie fish properly handled and packed in order to reach the market in good condition.
This done, good prices are assured.
SYNOPSES OF OVERSEERS' REPORTS.
Overseer McCormack, Kings county, reports as follows :
Herring taken on the south side April 28th.
First lobsters packed on south side May 3rd ; north side May 10th. Lobsters
in this county show a decrease of 215,664 lbs. They were not so plentiful as last year
and ran smaller in size.
We had two severe storms on the north side, one on May 24th and the other on
July 8th. On former date one week's fishing was lost and a lot of fishing gear destroyed.
There is no doubt but these two storms caused a loss of about 1,500 cases from Savage
harbour to East point.
Herring were not quite so plentiful in this section as in season of 190S-09. Nearly
all the spring catch was used for lobster bait.
Cod struck on about 28th May, and hake the 1st of July. Poor fishing in both
these branches all through the summer, partly owing to scarcity of bait, and showing a
large decrease in both cod and hake. At St. Peter's cod fishing was better than
usual, as mackerel were caught in nets, and used for bait.
Very few complaints of dog-fish came to my notice during the season.
Violations, — One packer was convicted and fined thirty dollars for packing spawn
lobsters. One case of illegal packing came to my notice, and when discovered the party
left for parts unknown.
I find it a difficult matter to keep millers from letting sawdust into the streams.
I am glad to state that now all the lobster packeys in this county keep the regu-
lations as to close season and are willing to assist the fishery officer in putting down
completely illegal fishing.
Overseer Davison of East Prince county reports as follows :
There is a small increase in mackerel, but Malpeque is the only place in my district
where they are fished. This fishing is done from schooners with nets a long way off
from land. There is no hand line fishing.
IISIIERY INSPECTORS' REPORTS— PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND 149
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
The lobster catch was poor this esason. One reason was the rough weather on
the north side drove the lobsters ofF the shore. On the south side the area of fishinj?
grounds is small and overfished.
The decrease in cod is, I think, owing to fewer fishermen engaged in that industry.
The catch of smelts was better than in 1908 09. There was more fishing with gill
nets and fish were more plentiful owing, I think, to the ice not making too thick on
bays and rivers.
There was an increase in oysters in llichmcmd ba}', which seem to be improving.
There were very few oysters in Jiedefjue bay as they have been almost completely
fished out, and the (juahaug fishing has been an injury. I would strongly recommend
that Bedeque bay be closed to quahaug and oyster fishing for at least two years.
I am, sir, your obedient servant,
J. A. MATHESON,
Inspector of Fisheries.
150
MARINE AND FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
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MARINE AND FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
Return showing the Number, Tonnage and Value of Vessels and Boats and the Quan
in the County of Prince (West), Province of Prince
Districts.
Fishing Vessels and Boats.
Fishing Gear or
Vessels.
Boats.
Gill Nets.
Seines.
Trap Nets
s
1
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s
1
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6
1
1
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Prince Countih
1^
400
5
62
69
29
33
29
30
48
21
10
10
16
$
4500
130
60
1^1
1300
2074
1060
3230
"2600
S
1200
1359
530
1150
1666
$
1
$
1000
2
3
4
Nail Pond .' .
1850 117
2
350
520
900 20! 53
2000
2070
1200
3000
1370
900
300
700
60
53
65
65
25
22
12
32
161
ioo
2
2
500
500
1000
1000
^
3
119
..
2900
20
6
Narrows Lot 11
Fillf»rslip Lot 12
S
141
400
5
50
2156
5000
100
1500
690
1400
40
300
q
10
11
Brae
West Point
1
14
500; ... .
11
aso
Totals
Values $
5
6
1350
151
25
357
601
1091
18420
2520
12
3800
18790
...
...... 17669
1330
Return showing the Kinds and Quantities of Fish and Fish Products in the County
Kinds
m
Xi
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£
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Name.
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1
Tignish
1200
1130
15
180000
550
150
2
Nail Pond
800
1140
53
67200! 1000
2000
160
3
400
330
1110
1100
25
101
24480|
47370,
3000
576
50
4
Mimintgash
28
5
Alberton
480
150
185
65680 500
300
10
6
630
400
134
130
39600,
3840!
108
68
800
500
7
Ellorslie, Lot 12
8
Bidf ford
100
225
122
140
20
38208'
102
800
')
Ro.\bury, Lot 6
10
Brae
West Point
275
200
138
125
14400
18000
50
11
Totals
5040
5419
399
498778
15(Xi
7554
1300
398
Values $
22680
54 19
5985
149633 40
10500
33993
39
1194
FISHERY INSPECTORS' REPORTS— PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND 159
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
tity and Value of all Fishing Materials and other Fixtures used in the Fishing Industry
Edward Island, for the year 1909-10.
Materials.
LdBSTER Plant.
Other Fixtures used in
Flshkries.
Whole
Fishing
Gear.
Trawls.
Smelts
Nets.
Hand
Lines.
Canne-
ries.
Tr
\PS.
>> .
» c
£ c
Ph
Freezers
IN ICB
Houses.
Piers
AND
Wharfs.
Tugs,
Steamers
& Smacks.
J
S
3
1
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E
3
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S
3
2;
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3
5
4
2
6
8
3
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3
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a3
3
2
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s
3
a
3
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$
8000
.■>ooo
1300
4600
4000
1800
1800
1700
13000
16300
5800
13800
6700
8000
900
4300
$
6500
16.500
4500
3000
6700
7000
900
3500
210
89
62
75
100
40
44
32
1
1
$
500
1
5000
600
4
$
1000
$
28,100
27,571
7,336
13,578
18,890
11,780
5,700
7,417
2,815
7,870
10,755
1
A9,
620
100
487
70
44
12
82
20
40
22
6
41
10
20
1100 3
?,
5
3
W
'"80
20
'240
60
1
900
1
4
400
1100
4
4
1 800
5
1
700
6
7
4
75
33
200
100
82
500
200
t
8
30
15
9
2
6
1000
3000
2500
4800
2500
4550
12
36
700
2 3000
10
10
238
5
4
22()0
11
1.352
433
1082
84
119
41
76100
4
7
13 . ..
141,812
32200
55,650
3300
... 1 9300
.... 4700
of Prince,
(West) Province of Prince Edward Island
, for the year
1909-10.
of Fish.
•n
JC
Total
Value of
^
J3
0
'b
all
u
no
ce
S.
s
XI
3
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Fish.
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3
s
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£
3
M
S
K
H
50
pq
H
0
c
02
0
i^
p&
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'4.
$ cto.
600
1500
220
1500
200
550
6000
74,488 30
1
2500
5000
200
480
330
695
90
1000
800
.'jl,.')52 90
24,790 10
•1;
100
3
600
1200
100
•ioo
5000
4
6
47
545
700
40
23,7.">5 50
4
4K9
1000
100
60
80
200
305
380
150
200
250
103000
10000
6000
100
24
200
100
2630
800
aso
925
2<X>
500
42,206 00
26,422 84
16.360 30
20.4K2 62
16,905 40
22,128 S8
5
320 60
10
1200
6
50
100
25
45
5 1.380
iiSo
400
....
10
4500
5000
800
1600
"so
8
50
9
2<X)00 4000
1 1150
3000
10
9130
500
55
326
652
30
2290
687
900
14785
22177 50
40
40
7,820 25
n
4719
1370
2:^5
15500OJ 4000
19 6230
4550
5
20
11797 50
4565
137
238 60
9300' 320
•
190 4:«10
9100
326,913 09
160
MAIiIXE AXD FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 191 i
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SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
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162
MARINE AND FISHEHIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
RECAPITULATI_>N
Of the Yield and Value of the Fisheries in of the Province of Prince Edward
Island for the season 1909-10.
Kinds of Fish.
Cod, dried cvvt.
M tongues and sounds cwt.
Haddock, dried cwt.
M fresh lbs.
Hake, dried cwt.
II sounds lbs.
Halibut lbs.
Salmon, preserved in cans lbs.
M fresh or frozen lbs.
Trout, all kinds lbs.
Smelts lbs.
Herring, salted brls.
II fresh or frozen lbs.
II smoked lbs.
Alewives brls.
Eels, salted brls.
Bass, Sea Bass lbs.
Mackerel, salted brls.
M fresh lbs.
Lobster, preserved in cans lbs.
II alive or fresh cwt.
Oysters brls.
Clams brls.
Squid brls.
Coarse and mixed fish brls.
Fish used as bait brls.
Fish as fertilizer brls.
Fish oil, of all kinds galls.
Clams, canned in case.
Quahaugs in
Total value for the year 190'J
190S.
Decrease
Quantity.
21,678
73
1,203
43,400
9,224
18,710
1,370
120
4,000
25,960
857,550
11,781
33,519
45,000
500
550
4,000
1,338
40,400
2,255,898
1,850
13,519
410
90
686
68,238
1,740
7,935
300
12,378
Prices. Value. Total Value
$ cts.
4 50
10 00
3 00
0 03
2 50
0 50
0 10
0 15
0 15
0 10
0 06
4 50
0 01
0 02
4 GO
10 00
0 08
15 00
0 12
0 30
00
00
00
00
00
50
00
0 30
4 00
2 00
$ cts.
97,551 00
730 00
3,609 00
1,302 00
23,060 00
9,355 00
18 00
600 00
53,014 50
335 19
900 00
20,070 CO
4,848 00
676,769 40
12,950 00
$ cts.
98,281 00
4,911 00
32,415 00
137 00
618 00
2,596 00
51,453 00
54,249 69
2,000 00
5,500 00
320 00
24,918 00
689,719 40
94,633 00
1,640 00
360 00
1,372 00
102,357 00
1,740 00
2,380 50
1,200 00
24,756 00
1,197,556 59
1,378,624 15
181,067 56
FlsllEliV IXSPEGTURS' REPORTS— PRINCE EDWARD ISLAXD 163
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
RECAPITULATION
Showing the Number and Value of Vessels, Boats, Nets, Lobster Canneries, Traps, ttc,
used in the Fisheries of the Province of Prince Edward Island for the year 1909-10.
Articles.
30
l,l»S9
5,717
9
24
434
1,145
2,040
187
350,505
G
108
89
53
Fishing Vessels (591 tons).
Fishing Boats
(Jill Nets (94,050 fathoms).
Seines (3,7."}() fathoms)
Trap Necs
Trawls
Smelt Nets
Hand lines
Lobster Canneries.
Lobster Traps
Freezers and icehouses
Smoke and tish houses .
Piers and wharfs
Steamers aiid smacks . . .
$ cts.
15,600
62,940
40,286
2,820
1,378
4,652
10.115
2,175
145,818
240,474
6,300
3,025
16,435
16,810
$ cts.
139,966 00
386,292 00
42,570 00
Total I I 568,828 00
Number of persons employed in the Fisheries of Prince Edward Island during 1909
Men in fishing vessels 125
Men in fishing boats 3,278
Persons in lobster canneries 2,429
Total 5,832
Drerease in number 67
Increase in value of gear used $ 21,114 00
Decrease in value of fi.sh landed .$ 181,067 56
22— lU
164 MARINE AND FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
APPENDIX No. 6.
QUEBEC.
GULF DIVISION : COMPRISING LOWER ST. LAWRENCE AND GULF.
INSPECTOR Wm. WAKEHAM, M.D., GASPE BASIN.
INLAND DIVISION : COMPRISING EASTERN TOWNSHIPS. INSPECTOR
C. A. BERNARD, ST. CESAIRE; AND THE COUNTIES BORDERING
ON THE ST. LAWRENCE FROM HUNTINGTON TO THREE RIVERS,
INSPECTOR JOS. RIENDEAU, LONGUEUIL.
Gaspe, April, 1910.
To the Superintendent of Fisheries,
Ottawa.
Sir, — I beg to inclose herewith the statistical returns of the yield and value of the
fisheries of the Gulf of St. Lawrence division, province of Quebec, for the year just
closed — together with a statement showing the number of men engaged in the fishery
afloat and ashore — also a return of the number of vessels and boats as well as the gear
employed, and an estimate of the amount of capital invested in the industry generally.
The yield of the fishery showd a slight decrease as compared with the previous
season ; this is due almost entirely to the fact that prices ranged low at the opening
of the fishery, and many of those who usually devoted themselves to the fishery sought
employment elsewhere, at other industries — where the emolument promised to be greater.
You will also notice that I have found it advisable to cut down the figure at which for
some years back we have valued our catch of fresh salmon — that is from fifteen down
to ten cents per lb. This drop alone on over eight hundred thousand lbs. of fish
accounts for a considerable portion of the decrease in value shown.
COD.
Cod struck early and in fair abundance, but the number of boats engaged in the
fishery was smaller than usual Prices offered were low, and the prospects of an im-
provement not encouraging, so that many of those who usually follow this branch of the
fishery sought work ashore. The practice of engaging men for the lumber camps at a
much earlier date than used to be customary to many, has practically put an end to the
fall fishery. Men now leave the coast in September to begin work in the camps ;
formerly they never left the coast before the end of October, Those who should know
agree with me in stating that there is no appreciable decrease in the abundance of cod
on the usual bottoms, but not so many men are fishing, and those who do fish are not
as hardy and persistent, nor as expert as the generatio.i that is passing.
SALMON.
The returns from the salmon fishery show a decrease of upwards of one hundred and
fifty thousand lbs. This oc jured in Gaspe and Saguenay counties, mostly in the latter, and
was largely due to bad weather conditions on the coast from Godbout to Natashquan in the
month of June. In Bonaventure county the yield from the net fishery was better than
in 1908. There is very little doubt that the greatly increased lumbering operations on
the south shore rivers is telling on the salmon fishery. The log driving in the early
spring over the rifts, and gravelly shallows where the fish spawn, must destroy a great
many eggs, while the accumulation of logs in the booms at the mouths of the rivers, and
the jams which form in many places, must interfere with the ascent of the fish.
FISHERY INSPECTORS' REPORTS— QUEBEC 165
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
This fishery shows an increased yield of over 40,000 lbs. The prices netted to the
fisheriTien, who mostly export their fish directly to agents in New York, were good, but
much loss occurred, especially to the men of Gaspe by the irregular and uncertain man-
ner in wh ch the subsidized steamer made her trips to Campbellton, from which point
on the Intercolonial the boxes of smelt — packed in snow — are expressed to market. Tons
of smelt had to be thrown away, after being caught and held for days awaiting the
steamer, while quantities which were shipped were so long delayed on the way, that
they were condemned on reaching market, and instead of bringing the fishermen a
handsome return in several cases actually entailed a charge against them.
HERRING.
The yield of salted herring shipped mostly to our domestic markets shows a falling
off. This decrease occurred altogether in (Jaspe county where the fishery between Cape
de Rosier an I Cape Chatte was a failure — the herring not having struck in shore as
usual.
The schools of spring herring show no falling off. No one, not having seen them,
could imagine the enormous volume of these spring schools of herring. In many large
bays, the waters are actually solid with them. We churn the fish up as we pass. The
presence of the schools is clearly indicated by the colour of the water which is as white
as mi k with the milt of the male fish. In spite of the large quantity taken for bait,
for expurt, or for fertilizer, no sign of any diminution exists, and after all the quantity
removed, great as it is, is merely a drop in the bucket compared with what is left.
MACKEREL.
The yield of mackerel at the Magdalen Islands shows a decrease, the figures being —
for 1908, 8,313 lbs. and for 1909, 6,649 lbs. The mackerel kept off shore and only
those having large able boats could venture out to where they were taken.
I think there is very little doubt that the mackerel are coming back to their old
grounds in the gulf and river. Schools were seen off the upper north shore between
Seven Islands and Godbout -while fishermen at Anticosti told me that they both saw
and caught mackerel of large size off the west point of the island in September.
I have always claimed that our St. Lawrence mackerel fishery w-as ruined by the
practice, followed by U.S. seiners of taking spring mackerel, off the coast of Nova Scotia,
in May anfl June. These early .schools of large mackerel were those that came up the
river St. Lawrence as far as Manicouagan. This spring-purse-seine-fishing by U.S.
seiners, has not been so vigorously followed up in recent years, while the weather con-
ditions have been such as protected the mackerel, consequently enough are escaping to
restock their old grounds — where before the introduction of .spring-purse-seining they
were always abundant.
LOBSTERS.
The lobster pack shows a decided increase. The weather was fine during the whole
time of the fishery, and there was very little loss of gear. The increase in the pack was
general in Bonaventure, Saguenay and Gaspe.
The measurements which were made under your orders showed a fair condition,
and I think you will bear me out, when I .say that the.se conditions show up very
favourably with those obtaining elsewhere.
There is no manner of doubt that the good catch at the Magdalen Islands is due to
the protection offered the breeding lobsters in the lagoons. This protection is not as
perfect as it might be, but it has been greatly improved recently, and were we supported
as we should be, by those claiming auLliority on the spot, and who fri»m their positions
we have a right to expect at least the giving of good advice to the fishermen, the con-
ditions might be still further improved. Instead of th's what do we find f the fishermen
being actually advised to break the law, and assured that if enough of them do .so, we
166 MARINE AND FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
cannot enforce it. There is nothing in the whole world more certain, than that the breed-
ing lobsters seek the wa»'m ani sheltei'ed waters of these lagoons to hatch out in. No
artificial ponds or hatcheries cm improve on the natural conditions which exist at the
Magdalen Islands, in their lagoons, and we should receive the assistance of every honest
man in the work of protecting the lobsters once they have escaped all the outside
dangers, and reached the security which they should be afforded in the lagoons.
I beg to append synopses of the reports of some of the local officers.
Mr. Geo. Forest, F. 0., Bonaventure Sub-division, reports rather a slack fishing
season. Herring though plenty in the spring were scarce during summer and failed
altogether in the fall. The salmon catch was below an average, but cod fishing was
fair. There was one 1 )ss lobster cannery in operation. He has been as careful as
possible in collecting the statistics.
Mr. F. X. Chapodos, F. 0., Anse a Gascon, reports spring herring struck abundantly
about the 1st of May. The cod fishing began on the 25th May, but was below an
average owing to scarcity of bait in June and July. Salmon showed a slight falling off,
but there was an augmentation in the lobster pack. The regulations were well
observed;
A. T. Carter, ^.0., Gaspe Subdivision repo: ts as follows: Salmon show quite a
decrease as compared with 1908. They struck about the same time as last season,
the rivers being low and the water clear. I imagine the great bulk of the salmon went
straight up to the spawning beds, thus avoiding the nets. This is proven by the large
quantity of fish in the rivers. The fly-fishermen had very good sport. They report
the rivers well stocked, and were well satisfied with their sport. The prices paid for
salmon by the local dealers were about the same as the previous year.
Spring herring were not as plentiful as the previous season ; with the exception
of lobster bait, none were salted ; they were of a fair size. They were very scarce
throughout the season for bait, except on the shore from Ship Head to Fame Point.
From Ship Head to Barachois, fishermen used principally clams, lance or squid for
bait. Very few were salted in the fall for consumption.
Squid were fairly plentiful, but lance and caplin scarce.
Codfishing commenced about the same time as previous year. The catch shows a
decrease as compared with 1908, but considering the smaller number of boats, the
average is as good, or even better. The falling ofi'of the boats is due to the same cause
as last season, viz., the men working on railroad and at the mills. Fish on the St. Law-
rence part of the coast was fairly good all through the season, but not so good on the
lower end. The weather was fine throughout the season till the fall, when consider-
able rain fell. Most of the fish were of a good quality. Prices were low ; this was
due to the foreign markets.
Mackerel have again shown no appearance on the coast ; a few were taken on the
banks while drifting for bait ; tliey were of a fine quality.
Lobsters show quite an increase as compared with last season ; they were of a fair
size.
Smelt also show quite an increase over 1908, and the fishermen report abundance
when they closed their fishing. They were principally shipped to the American markets.
The prices were good and steady. The fishermen feel sore that the boat running in
connection with the railway stopped so early, as she could have run a month later,
which would have given them an opportunity to continue fisliing.
F. 0. Letourneau, of Mont Louis, reports a decrease in the average of his returns
due to the low price offered forced fish, and the failure of the fat herring of the late
summer and fall. The cod struck about the lot June and was fairly plenty all season,
though small in size — but ovving to lack of herring bait in August and September, the
catch was small For the first time of recent years the dog-fish were absent. Turbot
also were not as abundant as usual. The crops were gooJ and though the fishermen are
not as well off as usual there is no actual distress — and those families which left the
FISHERY IXSPECTORS' REPORTS— QUEBEC 167
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
coast in the spring thinking to better their conditions, are not any better off than tho^e
who remained.
Mr. Nap. Co)neau, F. 0., Godhout, reports : The spring was very backward and
cold, and sahiion were bite in running, the first fish being taken in the nets on the 31st
May ; from that date until the IGth June, the catch was trifling. The movements of
the iish were very erratic, some stations doing very well, while others in the immediate vi-
cinity would do nothing. This was especially the case west oil" Point des Monts. Owing
to the cold and long spell of high water the anglers did well, their catch being about the
average, there lieing lots of fish in the rivers. Trout were abundant but owing to the
high water but few were taken. There was a considerable increase in the catch of
halibut between Point des Monts and Cowees and the size of the fish was above the
average, but fishermen had to give up taking them, as the local markets in (.Quebec and
Montreal to which they are shipped fresh soon got glutted.
Cod were late in striking and during the early season were smiU in size; they were
abundant, and were found as high up the river as Manicouagan. High winds prevailed,
and manv fishermen gave up and found work on .shore at the lumber and pulp mills.
Herring were abundant in the spring, but the fall fishery was poor.
Seals, especially the harbour seal, continue to be abundant. About Manicouagana
the fishermen are now taking them in nets. These men think that they should be al-
lowed the bounty for this fishery, as for other kinds of sea fishing. The regulations
were observed and no fines were imposed.
I have the honour to be, sir,
Your obedient servant,
WM. WAKEHAM,
Officer in charge of the Gulf Division.
INLAND DIVISION.
REPORT ON THE FISHERIES IN THE DISTRICT FROM HUNTINGDON TO
THREE RIVERS. BY JOSEPH RIENDEAU, INSPECTOR OF FISHERIES.
LoNGUEUiL, March 7, 1910.
To the Superintendent of Fisheries,
Ottawa.
SiK, — I beg to submit my report for the year 1909.
On different occasions 1 made a thorough in.spection of all the fishing grounds
under my supervision and have ascertained the following facts.
On south shore of Lake St. Francis from Dundee to Valleyfield the fishing is, as a
general rule done in a satisfactory manner. Exception must be however particularlv
taken against some guides who take sportsmen to places where fishing is prohibite<l.
There are also many night lines where small fish and very small sturgeon are cauglit.
There are local provincial overseers in that district but they fail to perform their duties.
On this lake as well as on St. Ix)uis and Two Mountains Lakes there is certainly an
improvement where there are no nets of any kind in use.
In the counties of Chambly and Verchcrcs the laws are far from being observed,
thougii T am not lenient when cases are reported to me and the charges established
against tlie poachers In this case as in every other of the kind, the abuses may be
accounted for by the negligence and carelessness of the overseers.
As far as the C(^>unty of Richelieu is concerned, the law is l)etter ulxserved than in
former years.
168 MARINE AND FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 191 I
Lake St. Peter is the place where the law has the least effect. Fishermen do as if
there were none. In this instance again, the carelessness of the ovei'ser is clearly seen.
He lets everybody do as they like. I have been there times and times but to no effect.
Sometimes I meet some to whom I make remonstrances but generally I see nobody; they
all disppear when they know of my presence in the district and I am obliged to perform
my duties alone, without a provincial overseer in view.
I may say the same thing of Nicolet county. I have been there several times and
on each occasion I seized and confiscated game fish forbidden by law.
In the county of Champlain and Portneuf, fishing is being carried out legally or
illegally the whole year round.
In Three Rivers it affords me a great pleasure to state that the provincial overseer
performs his duty faithfully and watches his district carefully, so that the fish is well
protected.
In Bellechasse county, I may draw your attention to the fact that it represents a
new addition to my district since last year. From what I have remarked tlie law is
completely ignored. To make and prepare my statistics I have not been able to get all
the details from this place of all the fishing implements used by the fishermen. I can
only send a total from the information I have gathered in speaking with them, but as
I said before, this is the first year I visited this county and next year I shall be ab'e
to supply you with more details. While on the subject I may say that in Bellechasse,
as well as in Portneuf, the fishermen told me that they have never received any instruc-
tions from overseers and that I was the first person to tell them what, they ought to do.
In St. Maurice, Maskinonge, Berthier, L'Assomption, Laval, Terrebonne, there is
no perceptible change to report. Illegal fishing prevails, due to the negligence or care-
lessness of the local provincial overseers.
In the little Chateauguay river which empties into Lake St. Louis fishing is done
legally and satisfactorily. This is due to the overseer attending to his duties faithfully
and reporting often to me.
In the counties of Jacques Cartier and Vaudreuil the law is better observed than
in former years. The remarks I made in my last annual report apply to this year and
to the.se two counties specially. The sooner nets shall be prohibited the better they
will assure the production of the fish.
I respectfully submit that licenses for nets should not be granted as they have been
to fish in small rivers where good game fish go in the spawning season such as Lachenaie
and L'Assomption rivers and in the bays visited by fish to deposit their spawn. The
same may be said of several places in the southern part of my district.
Though I have visited many places where there are saw mills, and imposed fines,
there are still others in small rivers throwing sawdust and preventing the fish from
ascending the streams on that account.
I continue to complain against the minnow nets ; these ought to be forbidden
entirely and their use more severely punished.
Fishways are also urgently needed in several places. I shall only name here the
dam at Yamaska on the Yamaska river, St. Ours on the Richelieu river. River Delisle
in Soulanges county, Ste. Martine in the county of Chateauguay and in Huntington,
As a whole, in my humble opinion, the source of evils is the fish netting. If it
cannot b^ stopped completely in small tributai'ies of the St. Lawrence or in any navi-
gable river in the province of Quebec, it should be allowed only from the first of October
to the thirty-first of December of the same year, with meshes not less than three inches
extension for hoop nets, seines and gill nnts. no trap nets to be allowed.
At the present time, if you add to the illegal fishing in close seasons, the nets of
all kinds with small meshes constituting a regular blockade which prevents the game
fish and others from ascending the streams to spawn or which catches them too young,
the depletion of that .source of wealth is easily accounted for.
I respectfully submit that if the law was more stringent, and if icore severe instruc-
tions were given to the provincial overseers to be more scrupulous in the performance of
their duties, threatening them with instant dismissal in case of negligence or careless-
ness, we would .see before long a satisfactory change in this state of affairs.
FI.'^HERY IXSI'ECTORS' REPORT ^^QUEBEC 169
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
In closing this report I beg to state that as far as T could remark in my last in-
spection, with the exception of Bellechasse, Portneuf, Chaniplain and Nicolet counties,
in the remainder of my territory the law seems to be better observed. More informa-
tion is asked for as to the time, the mode and the places fur fishing. The several fines
imposed during the year have also had the result of frightening a good many law break-
ers whom no consideration could affect in the past and who abide now by the law for
fear of the punishment.
Though this report is not much more satisfactory than my last and resembles it in
many respects, there is certainly an improvement in the state of affairs. And now that
T am better posted in the various circumstances affecting the different parts of my
territory, it is to be hoped that next year's report shall be more satisfactory than the
present one. We must not forget that it is always a hard work to implant reforms
where the evil has spread to deep roots.
The whole respectfully submitted,
Your obedient servant,
JOS. RIENDEAU,
Inspector of Fisheries.
INLAND DIVISION.
REPORT ON THE FISHERIES OF THE EASTERN TOWNSHIPS, BY
C. A. BERNARD, INSPECTOR OF FISHERIES.
St. Cesaire, April, 1910.
To the Superintendent of Fisheries,
Ottawa.
Sir, — I have the honour to submit my report for the fiscal year 1909-10. From
information I have obtained I am inclined to believe that fishing generally last sea.son
was as good as in past years.
In Mis*isiquoi bay, in the upper Richelieu and Yoik rivers, pickerel, bass, pike
and maskinonge are abundant. Fishing is now better in the different lakes of the
Eastern Townships which had become somewhat depleted in past years owing to the
illegal fishing carried on therein, and to the too large number of nets used.
In Lake Memphraraagog are found good sized saFmon and gray trout and this is due
to the Government having planted fry therein for several years past. The Government
should e.Ktend its protection to the numerous and magnificent lakes found in that
district. Night line licences should be properly controlled so as to avoid abuses. Fi>h
are now scarcer in the tributaries of the different lakes and this is due to the sawdust
which is dumped into the waters from numerous mills situate on their shores. American
sportsmen often infringe upon the law by fishing in Canadian boundary waters of
Missi.siquoi Bay and Lake Memphramagog. These fishermen are often piloted by Cana-
dian guides and our local officers should keep an eye on them. Eel fishing in the Riche-
lieu near St. John is pretty abunflant but less remunerative owing to the ditiiculties
arising from the construction of Chambly Dam.
As a rule, fishing regulations are best complied with in localities where licenses
have been granted. This is due to the active and effective work of the provincial fish-
eries officers.
In order to give every protection to the fisheries of the province of Quebec and to
prevent the destruction of small fish it might be well to only authorize the use of nets,
seines, ifec, from October 1 to December 31, the mesh of these .seines should not have
more than .? inches in e.\tension.
The whole respectfully submitted.
(Signed.) C. BERNARD.
170 MARINE AND FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
PROVINCE CF QUEBEC-
Heturn showing the Number, Tonnajje and Value of Vessels and IV^ats and the
Industry, in the County of Bonaventure,
REStlGOUCHE SUBDIVISION
FiSHiKG Districts.
Name.
Fishing Boats.
Fishing Gear ok Materials.
1
S
22
c3
a
80
Gill Nets.
Seines.
Trawls.
Weirs.
£
1
S
1
5
CO
i
a3
s
>
a
3
s
3
3
la
!>
1
Restigouclie, Head ff Tide to
Miguasha
$
500
20
5000
4300
s
$
BONAVENTURE SUBDIVISION
1
Miguasha and N
uuvelle
25
50
60
40
150
200
20
75
620
500 50
1000 100
1200] 120
800 80
3000' 300
4000] 400
400 40
1500 150
80
200
300
100
375
500
.50
1600
4000
6000
200(J
7500
10000
moo
800
3
100
100
150
110
4
5
15
30
9
2000 .5! 150
40
3
4
Maria
New Richmond >
Capelin
md Black Cape.
3000
1000
3750
4
100
125
f)
8
240
600
150
600
1940
240
600
150
600
2
4
20
40
6
5000!20
500 Ti
7
70
7
New Carlisle :
Paspebiac
Totals
8
200 4000
2000
20
65
50
500
560
31
12400 1240
1
1805
36100
18050
1950
56
265
PORT DANIEL SUBDIVISION
1
2
3
4
5
Hopetown
Nouvelle '
55
80
50
175
185
2000
2800
1250
52.50
7400
92
125
70
260
980
110
140
100
370
400
2200
2800
2000
7400
8000
2200
2800
2000
5920
6400
13
16
8
25
?0
390
480
240
750
600
487
600
300
937
750
30
35
850
875
90
150
1080
Anse a Gascon
1800
-—
Totals
545 18700
827
1120
22400^ 19320
"
2460
3074
305
4605
FISIIKRY INHPECTOHH' REPORTS— QUEBEC 171
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
Gulf of St. Lawrence District.
Quantity and \'aliio of all FLshing Materials and other Fixtures used in the Fishing
Province of Quebec, for the Year 1909 10.
(Head of Tide to Miguaslia).
nd
les.
LoBSTEK Plant.
Otiikh
Fixtures usErj in Fis
HEKIES.
Value
OF Whole
Smelt
Nets.
Ha
Lii
Can-
neries .
Traps.
"Freezers
and Ice
Houses.
Smoke
and Fish
Houses.
Piers
and
Wharfs.
Tugs,
Steamers
and
Smacks.
Flshino
Gear.
'o*
"3. .
s?,
wc
u
U
ki
m *=
Pm
b'
C
..o
(D
Z
<D
0)
a.'
i!
V
5^
^
V
^
dS
^
0)
Si 4)
^
d
a
E
a
g
3
a
3
•7. cs
2
3
a
3
a
_3
B
3
fa
H
3
ej
3
a
3
c8
o
cS
3
<S
3
.*
3
[*
Sq
>
^
>
^
>
«
>
^
/^
>
^
>
^
>
^
t>
'<^,
$
S
$
$
S
$
$
S cts.
30
1200
0,000 00
1
i
(Miguasha to Paspebiac Point).
50
36
60
30
600
800
80
300
25
18
25
15
300
400
40
150
i
i
2
ioo
iso
40
50
150
50
75
800
40
25
30
50
120
35
60
800
35
20
"2
io
4
5
6
8
2
9
120
960
1000
425
200
450
5
10
15
20
20
100
80
150
210
350
300
1000
1,685 00
4,468 00
.5,790 00
2,625 00
7,870 00
12,.510 00
1,125 00
84,970 00
1
2
3
4
5
6
' 2
30000
7
■}
12
2
200
20
50000
8
•
~j
1946
973
250
1230
1150
36
3355
190
52090
2
30000
121,043 00
i
(Prtspeltiac to Point Macquereau)
300
500
350
1100
1200
3450
150
250
175
550
600
1725
2
1
2
3
1
9
700
1500
600
1150
400
3000
300)
1500
2!K)0
3200
2500
1200
2900
3200
29
37
44
60
60
40
100
120
2500
2200
1000
3000
3600
11,387 00
10.875 (X)
8,225 00
21,287 00
20.950 00
1
0
"260
3
1
4
10600
9800
110
380
12300
1
200
72,724 00
172
MARINE AND FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
Return showing the Kinds and Quantities of Fish and Fish Products in
RESTIGOUCHE SUBDIVISION
. Fishing Districts.
Name.
Kinds
c
^
^
1 -
o Salmon, fresh. To.
o
o
1
1
be
ii
1
be
.5
13
i
s
1
u
1
ii
1-^
•i
!i
Si .
1-5
o
'u
c
cS
IS
8
1
Restigouche Head of Tide to Mi-
guasha ..
20
..
BONA VENTURE SUBDIVISION
1
2
20000
2750a
32500
45000
300
23500
100
150
250
75
500
600
50
75
1500
2000
2000
1000
800
loot)
1000
700
25
40
100
8
SO
100
30
20
70
60
100
70
5000
4000
80
3500
2
4
'4
1000
800
3
4
5
6
Maria
New Richmond and Black Cape
Capelin
400
1200
800
1500
10000
4800
4500
6000
7
g
500
1500
Tot*ls
148800
1800
10000
11900
4800
353
10880
10
16300
PORT DANIEL SUBDIVISION
1
Hopetown
210
3000
4000
5000
8500
6000
4560
27696
22472
1800
2000
900
2900
4000
8 4000
9
300i
3001
1000
1100
8 5000
s
1600
26000
4500
4 1000
4
Port Daniel
15 1500
5
30 8000
Totals
32100
2910
26500
54728
11600
65 19500
FISHERY INSPECTORS' REPORTS— QUEBEC
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
the County of Bonaventure, Province of Quebec, for the Year 1909-10.
(Head of Tide to Miguasha).
173
OK Fish and Fish Faonucrrs.
TJ
i
J
s
Total
o
i:
^
u
d
Value ol all
-a
C
£
£
^
"S
u
O
1
'3
5
S
4,
m
a
Fish.
C
o .
oT
iT
«
2
J5
o
rt
s .
%
•o ?
^
j<i
V
m
s «
JZ
J5
•£ b«
p.^
F
53 O
03
a
<s
^■^
CO
3
5000
80000
20000
2000
1.5600 00
1
(Miguasha to Paspebiac Point).
1000
15
20
20
1000
3,721 00
1
1
700
8
20
20
£000
0,025 00
11,658 01
2
21
3500
1200
70
50
30
10000
3
15000
2500
50
4C»
30
7000
10,983 .50
4
10
64:
1.50
1500
0
2000
300
12000
23,580 90
5
50
75
9000
13000
25
3000
350
1.500C
36,910 00
6
5
500
2
40
20
7000
4,387 00
7
150
65
20000
4
3000
350
10000
24,989 50
8
215
225:
29850
38200
179
8170
1120
67000
122,854 00
Paspebiac to Point Maciiuereau).
25
20
12
15
20
30
60
lOOj
lOO'
1000
2000 '
500
1000
500
2000
1000
5
10
3000
4000
3000
4000
2000
1.500
1800
8l)0
2200
3000
500
700
500
1500
2000
5000
5500
3500
40(X)
3500
20
12
" 25
50
14,858 00
15,705 00
16.954 8<t
33,032 85
31,812 50
1
2
3
25
500
loo;
100
1
2000
1500
10
4
5
582
125
400'
6500
1
5000
25
16000
93001
5200
21500
107
112,363 15
174
MARINE AND FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
O o"
ro Q cs
.^ o o
^2 2
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05 ^
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Other Fixtures used
IN Materials.
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and
Wharfs.
•9nii?A
s
g : : .
l~ ; ; ;
o
in
•jaqiun^
1-H
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in
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Fish
Houses.
•aniBA
5(100
3O00
7500
10000
8000
750
©
in
CM
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CO
•jgquir.j^j
©oo»n o Noo
iH rH(MrH
CO
Freezers
and Ice
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8
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to
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r- -r m C-1 7« ©
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© .-. O © © © .-H
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3300
450
3570
6110
4760
8.50
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FISHERY INSPECTORS' REPORTS— QUEBEC
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
175
Retukx showing the Kinds and Quantities of Fish and Fish Products in the County
of Gaspe, Province of Quebec, for the Year 1909-10.
GRAND RIVER SUBDIVISION (Point Macquereau to Barachois).
Ki>
'DS OK
Fish.
2
00
^
^•
^
>
_c
«
<
Districts.
^
<o
jS
*3
^
c
1
£j3
it
"S
13
%
■«
i
bo
a
5?^
'E
T3
jQ
i"
5
>
S
s
"3
0)
c —
0 »
-^
i
1
X
a
5
y.
M
'A
a
1-^
<^
»
Eh
cc
s
"
r-
^
■
Gaspi County.
1
Newport
Pabos
2800
13100
4000
190
22
213
191
146
1440(1
12480
3300
500
3687
3560
5400
40
10
36
50
25
2050
350
2.500
2400
4000
830
SOCt
1000
1000
1500
22285 00
9428 00
•24672 80
26449 50
32730 00
1
?
isooo
11000
?
3
Grand River
11616
3
4
Cape Cove
24000
14160
4
5
Perce and Bona venture Isld.
5
6
Corner of Beach
13300
40
10944
180
1000
100
400
6313 20
6
Total
33200
802
87600
16627
161
30000
11400
5030
121878 50
GASPE BAY SUBDIVISION (Barachois to Fame Point).
1
Barachois and Mai Bay
Point St. Peter
Chien Blanc to Sandy Beach.
Gaspe North and South. . . .
Peninsula to Little Gas|)e . .
Grande Greve to Ship Head.
Cape des Rosiers to Jersey
Cove
4440
?5
11328
....
"75
6535
713
5602
160
2137
2181
6480
3767
7318
7621
7000
4357
1333
37229 00
6493 50
.•55075 60
9841 40
12453 20
15065 50
35968 50
21331 80
40786 20
44409 30
1
'>.
65'
475 1900
9,
3
4
5
6
10666
21778
9317
9.58
315: 11040
5
105
240 ...
...
1000
1500
'83600
3735
107
1425
1454
1900
34
420
2426
3
4
7
180
4320 3135
2511 1668
4879, 2821
5081 ' 4533
8
Griffin Cove
250
480
398
8
9
Fox River
9
10
Little Fox to Fame Point. . .
Total
10
47159 2063
22368
75
42514
2500
90600 28344' 20170
i 1
258654 00
176
MARINE AND FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
e
a o
• rH a)
o
a 'S
§1
© ^
^ ft
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g o
o ^
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-co
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c: c; x_T-i cc 'T ?o
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Sec
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!M M N tr> <M
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FlsilElty IXSl'KCTOh'S- h'/:i'()l{TS— QUEBEC 177
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
Return showing the Kinds and Quantities of Fish anJ Fish Products in the County
of Gaspe, Province of Quebec, for the Year 1909-10.
MONT LOUIS SUBDIVISION (Fame Point to Riviere k Claude.)
DiSTKKTS.
Oaspi Countii.
2000
Gi-and Etanjf to Chlorydorme..
Petite Anse to Frigate Point..
Grand and Little \ allee 2000
Magdalen 4000
Anse Pleureuse and Mont Louis . . I 8000
Riviere a Pierre and Claude 4700
Total
20700
KiND.S OK I'lSll.
a f
CO
225!
6900
70
2325
70
41.-XI
2lt
'.)50
375
3500
140
2045
10 2000
3 .
4 1000
600
300
200
3.5300 400
. 1300, 100
900 19870 20 96001600
5500
1900
2850
700
2900
1000
14850
Lc ti
1^
4650 300
700 200
230<J 300
600 5<J
2500 3G0
950 200
11700
1410
Total
Valuk ok
ALL
Fish.
•S cts.
41.397 50
12,527 50
23,815 00
5,920 00
23,637 50
12,207 50
119,565 00
STE. ANNE DES MONTS (Riviere a Claude to CaiJeChatte.)
IJMarsouins and Martin River, Cap
' au Renard and Anse a Jean .
2:Ste. Anne
3!Cape Chatte •
i Total
2500
4900
5700
13100
1
34
84
t
....1 600
70
12
46.V
3764
....4500;....
1184
175 . . . . i
155
1
272
.... 2400: ....
188
30
1
6521
4120
....7500
1442
217
S80 00
20.579 20
2,832 90
24,292 10
!-2— 12
178
MARINE AND FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
Return showing the Number, Tonnage and Value of Vessels and Boats and the Quan
in the County of Gaspe, Province
MAGDALEN ISLANDS—
Districts.
Fishing Vessels and Boats.
Fishing Gear or
Materials.
Vessels .
Boats.
(iill Net.s.
Seines
Trai
Nets.
s
1
B
c
c
6
>
S
a
>
a
to
c
S
05
i
1
la
>
si
B
' io
10
i
1
2
§3
1
4)
1
Entry Islaiul
$
12
186
323
350
5200
9300
27
459
804
175
3345
900
3300
6700
12600
$
1375
9575
7000
$
$
2
Amherst Island
5
^69
2200
24
1500;2800
15753500
1
13
350
7500
Totals
5
6P
2200 24
521
14850
1290
4420
22600
17950
20
3075 6300
. 14
7850
MAGDALEN ISLANDS—
1
All Right Island
120
140
15
39
314
3000
?00
200
100
5
310
6000
3000
150
1.50
1600' ....
7
12
"2
3500
9
Grand Entry ^
3600
150
1560
240
10
78
800
Grosse Isle
Wolf Island. .. .
../
4800
i
4
40...
40 1
"so
250
1500
Totals
-
8310
528
9300
2480 1
80
250
21
9800
FISHERY INSPECTORS' REPORTS— QUEBEO 179
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
tity and Value of all Fishing Materials and other Fixtures used in the Fishing Industry
of Quebec, for the Year 1909.
SOUTHERN SUBDIVISION.
LOBSTEK Pl.\NT. j OtHEU FlXTlUES USED IN FISHERIES.
1
Wholb
Fishing
Gear.
Trawls
Hand
Lines.
Canne-
ries.
Traps.
a
1
a s
«l
Si
§^
Oh
Freezers
and Ice
Houses.
Smoke
and Fish
Houses.
Piers and « J^f^"'
Wharfs. .Steamers
& .Smacks.
i
3
>
a
J
>
J
i
1
4
0
14
J
>
3
i
>
1
3
IS
>
S
9
3
I
3
S
1
3
•a
■ >
«
75
1300
1680
S
75
300
750
s
50
8500
6800
%
i
250 200
5
s
s
%
%
8
2,050
58,025
73,650
133,725
1
55
60
3600
9000
20000
17920
18000 110
23100j 135
9
5
2500
2500
30
75
750' 4
700 6
4000
1000
1
5
250
2500
2
3
115
12600
30551125
I
15350
38170
41300J 250
14
5000
105
1450 10
5000
6
2750
NORTHERN SUBDIVISION.
300
400
15
150
865
60 4, 1350
80 22! 10900
5750 5750 99
20830 20830 336
3 i;
30 2
200
3000
173 291 15450
750
5750
33080
750; 20
5750 140
330801 595
2
1
1000
1000
1
3000
3
2000
1
3000
7i 25000
S! 5000
100
1000!
20' 31100
300
1000
to
300
44,560 1
48,010| 2
1,318^ 3
13,430 4
16751 107,318
\n
180
MARINE AND FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
Return showing the Kinds and Quantities of Fish and Fish Products in the
MAGDALEN ISLANDS-
Districts.
Kinds
OF Fisi-
Cod, dried, cwt.
C
a
S
1
o
.22
-a
§
"3
1
s
1
a
o
S
0)
>
Cm'
n
O
1
4
11
.a
1
s
'E
bo
a
0)
W
1
be
B
•c
w
J
48
1085
3856
>
1 •
ti
1=
96
111984
134636
^J3
O y-
3 aj
1
ll
X
1
Entry Island
38
100
100
....
20
4960
4874
9,
Amherst Island
12
4
16
3
Grindstone Island
Total
—
—
238
4989
246716
9854
MAGDALEN ISLANDS-
1
All Right Island..
Grand Entry ....
Grosse Isle
Wolf Island
..J
200
200
350
660
100
550
70150
293320
16000
60000
200
400
2
3
4
30
300
Bryon Island
Total
400
1660
439470
930
FL^HERY' INSPECTORS' REPORTS— QUEBEC
181
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
County of Gaspe, Province of Quebec, for the Year 1909-10.
SOUTHKRN SUBDIVISION.
Kinds ok Fish.
1300
2400
3700
a>0
m
58
18
5840
6165
12023
J3
01
u
o
3
a
^
10
13560
5725
19295
Total
v.\lue ok .-vll
Fish.
275
900
1175
500
975:
1,030 201
;»t5,219 70 2
133,179 55
1535
230,429 45
NORTHERN SUBDIVISION.
450
15000 1000
100 51,355 00
200| 128,390 00
30i 8,052 .50
250 .31,947 50
1
980 I8OO0! 500
'?.
100
950
1000' 100
2500
3
4
2480
36500i 1600
580i 219,745 00
182
MARINE AND FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
Return showing the Number, Tonnage and Value of Vessels and Boats and the Quan-
in the County of Saguenay, Province of
GODBOUT SUBDIVISION
r
isHiNG Vessels and Boats.
Fishing Gear
Vessels.
Boats.
C
;ill Nets.
Seines.
Trap
Nets.
Trawls
Weirs.
Districts.
?
■9nr
u
^
cc
u
t^
u
ni
OJ
be
« S
1/
m
0/
s
0)
!L
<h
n
s>
cs
a>
n
.c
D
XI
o
<u
o
<D
XI
Qj
X
oi
Cl^
S
S
Jd
s
S
3
c
S
-c
^
a
.fi
O
s
3
s
d
B
1
Is
o *
s
cS ^
3
c3
c3
s
"S
<A
s
c3
s
03
y
.<*
^
!2;
H
>
H
'.Zi
> 1 §
iz;
fq
>
12;
pt<
>
7.
^
>
^
>
Saguenay Co.
$
$
$
1
Tadousac to
1
Bersimis
Pointe aux Ou-
3
45
2300
7
54
1080 73
80
4800
2400
1
35
75
37
1110
2
tardes to Pte
des IMonts . . .
4
54
850
8
50
1000
64
110
6600
3300 3
145
290
3
90
3
90
3
Trinitv Bay
to Jambons . .
Totals....
2
9
21
120
650
3800
4
19
92
1840
85
135
3750
3750
5
21C
390
420
785
-
....
6
9
180
270
40
196
3920
222 325
15150
9450
1200
MOISIE SUBDIVISION
1
Ste. Margaret's
Bay
6
31
25
700 14
3000 66
2000 43
8
86
70
960
2300
6200
960
2300
0200
2
5
3
10
140
400
260
800
140 ..
2
Seven Islands
Bay
1
13
185
3
1
300 ..
3
250 .
C90' . .
1
Totals....
1
13
........
•
....
■■
185
3
62
5700 123
164
9460
9460
MINGAN SUBDIVISION
1
Riv.aux Graines
42
55
43
38
30
59
1370
3300
3690
3260
2700
9671
65
110
101
94
68
168
5
2
10
6
4
1
28
500
200
200
700
400
100
500
200
1.50
700
400
100
8
9
2
13
7
15
54
240
270
60
390
210
340
1510
600
675
150
975
525
600
3525
1
400
2
Thunder River
3
Jupitagan and
Magpie
St. .Tnlins RivAr
....
4
5 Lon^ Point,
Mingan Ro-
6 Esquimaux Pt.
-
1
400
—
—
Totals.
267
23991
606
2100
2050
FISHERY IXSPEVTOh'S- REPORTS— QUEBEC
183
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
tity and Value of all Fishing Materials and other Fixtures used in the Fishing Industry
of Quebec, for the year 1909-10.
(Tadoussac to Jauibons).
OK M.VTKIUALS.
Smelt
Nets.
/^
2 150
2 150
LOH.'STKK Pl.\.N'T.
O'lHER FlXTlKK.S USED IN Fl.SHEKlK.S.
B E
Hand
Lints.
C
s
Si
V
a
s
3
«
•^
>
$
40
20
110
55
180
90
330
165
Canne-
ries.
Trajw.
400 100
400, 100
100
100
Freezers ' Smoke Piers
and Ice j and Fish and
Hou.ses. Houses. Wliarfs.
37
1190
19 1726
26! 1980
82, 4896
135
Tugs,
Steamers
& Smacks.
250
250
750
r50
8325
7476 2
1047o! 3
26271
(Jambons to Pigon).
. . 30
15
1
2
1
100
200
1200
3
6
9
50 .
120
"i
"'400
1965 1
1
120
60
45
1W
6165 2
....... 90
10095 3
i
—
....!.... 240
4
1500
170
1
400
18225
1
Pigon to St. Charles).
....
184
210
172
152
120
236
92
105
86
76
60
118
537
10
12
14
15
10
3
3000
3500
4000
4000
750
500
2
3
2
3
100
1000
750
6062
8780
8826
9411
4935
11329
1
<)•
3
400
4
1
...
500
5
1
1
200
140
140
140
5
5
6
1074
200
140
500
64
15750
10
2250
4;)3t3
184
MARINE A^'D FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
Return showing the kinds and quantities of Fish and Fish Products in the
GODBOUT SUBDIVISION
Districts.
Sayuenay Covnty.
Tadousac to Bersiinis
Pointe any Outardes to Pointe des Monts
Trinity Bay to Janibons
Totals
Kinds of Fish.
27300
31000
65000
123300
18
31
165
194
390
672
672
-a-S
600
600
T3
13
?
o
ai
5P«
"C
o'O
T3
-M a
. 3
T3
'o S
C
o "
o
a
101
795
896
MOISIE SUBDIVISION
1
St. Margarets Bav
16500
20
250
365
215
450
1300
2
Seven Islands Bay
Moisie to Pigon
Totals
38000
223628
6
3
1600
10
278128
635
1600
1965
16
MINGAN SUBDIVISION
1
River aux Graines to Sheldrake
3100
2200
12800
1711
3410
4352
3000
1735
4238
8
2
3
Thunder River and Dock
Jupitagan and Magpie
8
4
5
6
St. John's River .
6200
12950
... ...
'1200
10
Long Point, Mingan and Romaine
Esquimaux Point to St. Charles
55
9
Totals
37250
55
1200
18446
35
FISHERY INSPECTORS' REPORTS— QUEBEC
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
County of Saguenay, Province of Quebec, for the Year 1909-10.
(Tadcuissac to .Taiiibons).
185
KiN'ns OF Fish.
05
1
5
Total Valik
OK
c
a
J
£
ALL Fish. 1
3
J
j£
if
i
1/ -
"S
^
OS
a
1>
i
J
i>
00
"t.
5. 12
■s
■^
-C
-*
IS
b
X
H
J3
c
m
a
m
O
f«^
^
Pn
u
M
^
25
$ cts.
3100
42<JO
. ..
1500
1800
14
3725
1168
865
21
72
210
70
90
415
356
210
37
2
5,448 75
6,334 90
19,474 60
1
6400
7
44
?
4()1!»5
j 20
3
46595
9100
4
3300
14
20
51
5758
93
370
981
39
31,258 25
(Jauibons to Figon).
(Pigon to St. Charles).
2000
iiVm
260
50
200
500
"eoo
47
260
84
3,269 25
9,741 00
32,011 30
1
15<NM1
1020
f.
3(>( K)
4500
1250
3
2<J(>0<1
6000
1 2530
750
600
391
45,021 55
i
90001
300
1460
3100
3500
2000
1200
4000
400
7f ol
800
700 ....
400
8(X»
25
39
"351
10,088 75
18,028 75
23,254 00
15,930 00
10,162 50
23,340 25
1
2800
f,
14(Xi
8
.1
600
!
4
1000
'
5
7330; .
6
205J0l
1
1
1900
15260
3850,
415
100,804 25
s
186
3IARIXE AXD FISHEh'IES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
■73
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05
o
1—1
60
U
d
c3
a>
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fa
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d
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c
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3
(D
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0
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C
'^
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f4
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c
>-,
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-f->
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5
u
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d
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as
s
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Ph
55
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Whole
Fishing
Gear.
2,247 00
6,195 00
1,420 00
14,160 00
IM
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and
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189
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
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MARINE AND FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
Return showing the Number, Tonnage and Vahie of Vessels and Boats and the
Industry in the County of Saguenay,
BONNE ESPERANCE SUB-
FisHiNG Districts.
Name.
Chioatica to Burnt Island
Bonne Esperance .
Pidgeon Island to Salmon Bay. .
Little Fishery and Five League.
Middle Bay and Belles Amour . .
Bradore • • • •
Long Point and Greenly Island
Total ,
Fishing Vessels and Boats.
Vessels.
1)0
2 77
6 33.5
9i 502
I
4500 6
Boats.
1800 10
11500 42
17800 58
1875
3200
3800
650
1700
3200
3500
364 17925
55
90
143
18
50
110
123
589
Fishing Geah or
Gill Nets.
Seines. iTrap Nets.
20 2000] 5001 4
25 2000: GOO 2
2(> S0(»! 4:i() 12
4; 200
150
78
100
75
5150 1725
> I 125
155 300
275 500
520 1075
80
290
350
340
150
680
750
825
2010j4280
127
4200
8000
1*300
IfOO
4100
12000
9000
53200
ANTICOSTI
Box Bay . . .
Bay St. Claire . . .
Strawberry Cove
Shallop Creek . .
Total
450
300
400
100
1250 56
200
500
750
400
1850
200
400
600
400
1600
100
100
150
350
200
200
300
700
800
'600
1400
FISHERY INSPECTORS' REPORTS— QUEBEC
191
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
Quantity an.l Value of Fishing Materiils ami other Fixtures used in the Fishin^
Province of Quebec, for the year 1909-10.
DIVISION (Cliicatifa to Blanc Sablons).
Materials.
Lobster Pla.nt.
Other Fi.vtlres used in Fisheries.
Whole
Fishing
Gear.
Trawls
Smelt
Mets.
Hand
Lines.
Canneries.
Trajjs.
« C
oc C
Freezers
and Ice
Houses.
Smoke
and Fish
Houses.
Piers
and
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Tugs,
Steamers
it Smacks.
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8
15
4
11
15
15
1
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3
3
3
Value.
3
15
"26
50
"260
285
8
6
12
6
14
s
350
150
360
500
4-70
188
360
■it
mo
$
600
5000
1
1660
S
7,885
23,050
23,840
3,3.'58
9,507
35,540
24,315
4
496' 135
30' 8
124 42
240 90
420 190
1858 610
3700
350
640
10
' 4666
5900
45 2000
85J2300
176iriOSO
2000 1
3100 2
40
57
84
15390! 4; 10900
127,495
ISLAND.
1
I
15000;4000
3000
40
1
600
2
500
1
8000
28,750
....
30
40
15
20
915
1,920
500
70
:..
1
3000
40
1
600
15000 4000
2
500
....
1
8000
32,0^5
192
MARINE AND FISHERIES
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196
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MARINE AXD FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
Recapitulation of the Yield and Value of the Fisheries of the Gulf Division,
Province of Quebec, for the Year 1909-10.
Description.
Cod, dried Cwt.
II tongues and sounds Brls.
Haddock, dried Cwt.
M fresh Lbs.
Hake, dried' , Cwt.
II sounds Lbs.
Tom cod or frost fish „
Halibut II
Salmon, preserved in cans n
II fresh or frozen n
I pickled or dry salted Bris.
Trout, all kinds Lbs.
Smelts ,1
Herring, salted Brls.
II fresh or frozen Lbs.
II smoked m
Sardines, fresh or salted Brls.
Shad, salted u
Eels, salted ■ .,
Mackerel, salted ,i
Lobsters, pressed in cans Lbs.
II alive or fresh ... Cwt.
Coarse and mixed fish Brls.
Hair seal skins No.
Fish used as bait Brls
Fish as fertilizer n
Fish oil, of all kinds Gals.
White whales No.
Quantity.
178.252
190
958
3.5,800
350
400
36,000
122,525
1,200
822,172
531
7«,.%0
244,400
12,012
11. COO
38,400
30
4
280
fi,649
941,620
1,048
324
6,779
116,160
95,655
14.5,719
39
Total value for the year 1909.
Prices.
$ cts.
4 50
10 00
3 00
0 03
3 00
0 50
0 03
0 10
0 15
0 10
15 00
0 10
0 08
4 50
0 01
0 02
3 00
10 00
10 GO
15 00
0 30
5 00
2 00
1 25
1 50
0 50
0 30
4 00
Value.
$ cts.
802,134 00
1,900 00
2,874 00
1,074 00
1,050 00
200 00
1,080 00
12,252 50
180 00
82,217 20
7,965 00
7,635 00
19,^52 00
54,054 00
116 00
768 00
90 00
40 00
2,800 00
99,735 00
282 486 00
5,240 00
64S 00
8,473 75
174,240 00
47,827 50
43,715 70
156 00
1,660,503 65
RECAPITULATION.
Showing Number of Men, Vessels, Boats and Value of Material employed in Gulf
Division Fisheries, Province of Quebec, for the Year 1909-10,
24
.5,062
11,760
407
195
.587
71
2S1
23,780
84
102,720
165
1,070
216
18
Vessels of 704 tons manned by 104 men .
Boats, fished by 9,380 men
Gill nets of 213,497 fathoms
Seines of 17,8,50 fathoms
Cod and herring trap nets
Trawl lines
Weirs, brush fisheries
Smelt and seal nets
Hand lines and sinkers
Lobster canneries employing 1,259 hands
Lobster traps
Freezers and ice and snow houses
Smoke and fish houses
Private piers, wharfs and fishing stages. .
Tugs, steamers and smacks
Total value
23,985 00
207,536 00
143,511 00
27,304 00
80,550 00
19,005 00
1,465 00
9,069 00
12,974 00
58,270 00
103,970 00
25,051 00
174,935 00
106,290 00
23,575 00
1,017,490 00
FISHERY INSPECTORS' REPORTS— QUEBEC
201
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MARINE AND FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
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FISHERY INSPECTORS' REPORTS— QUEBEC 203
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
Statkment of the Yield and Value of the Fisheries of the 'North Shore of the River
St. Lawrence from Quebec to the Saguenay, including Lake St. John District
for the Year 1909-10.*
Kinds of Fish.
Counties of
Quebec and
Montmor-
ency, with
Orleans
Island.
Charlevoix,
including
Isle aux
Coudres.
Eels Lbs.
Salmon .
Trout. . .
Bass
Whitefish
Ouananiche
Herring
Pike
Pickerel
Mixed fish
Beluga skins No.
Values.
86,800
100
2,800
400
900
15,000
1,600
5,600
200
225
5,600
6,000
40,000
20
Lake
St. .John,
including
Saguenay
River.
Total
Quantities.
Total Value.
25,000
1,600
8,C00 I
30,000 ;
10,000 :
3.5,000 ;
40,000 !
15,000
30
5,721
2,240
1.5,270
101,800
26,700
24,400
400
• 8,900
30,000
16,000
35,200
40,225
60,600
50
6,108
4,005
2,440
40
890
3,000
160
1,760
4,022
606
200
23,231
"The quantities are estimated.
201
MARINE AND FISHERIES
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205
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
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206
MARINE A\D FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
RECAPITULATION
Of the Yield and Value of the Fisheries of the Inland Division of the Province of
Quebec, for the Year 1909-10.
Kinds of Fish.
Quantity.
Value.
Total Value.
Salmon, fresh
Lbs.
Cwts.
Brls.
Lbs.
65,030
107
2,015
(58,100
29,200
7S,400
27,400
27,780
511,400
6,292
616,910
180,200
21,060
73,000
77,625
67,890
30,000
4,700
47,000
11.000
19,000
120
416,150
370
22,295
2,235
17
70
$
$
9,748
Cod, dried
11 green
428
8,060
8,488
2,043
1,752
8,640
2,740
3,640
29,130
34,941
1,869
3,272
7,100
4,737
Haddock, fresh
Halibut
Trout
Whitefish -. n
Eels -1
26,i68
6,169
3,604
Herring, salted '.
11 fresh
11 smoked
Shad
Pike . .
Pickerel
Sturgeon .' . . . .
Brls.
Lbs.
Ouananiche
3,000
Maskinonge
"
564
2,350
330
950
Tom Cod
Smelts ...
'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.".'.".'..'.'.'.'. Brls.
Lbs.
Brls.
ti
Galls.
No.
Clams
240
9,907
370
Fish as fertilizer
11,147
Fish oil
Seal skins
Beluga .skins
25'
280
670
305
Total
147,933
RECAPITULATION
Of the Number and Value of Boats, Nets, and other Fishing Material, in the Inland
Division of the Province of Quebec, for the Year 1909-10.
Material.
Number.
Value.
Boats
1,071
592
70
281
1,813
292
206,000
51
$
12,367
Gill-nets (13,005 fathoms). . .
8,575
Seines (2820 fathoms)
1,400
'Weirs
43,315
Hoop-nets
Hand lines
11,700
292
Night lines (hooks)
538
Smoke and fish houses
2,100
Total
80,277
Number of men employed, 1311.
FISHERY INSPECTORS' RL^PORTS— QUEBEC 207
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
RECAPITULATION.
Of the Yield and Value of the Fisheries in the whole Province of Quebec, for the
Year 1909-10.
Kinds of Fisli.
Shad Brie.
Sturgeon Lb.
Lobsters, canned «
u fresh in shell . Cwt.
Clams Brls.
Mixed and coarse fish Lb.
Fish used iuj bait. Brls.
II fertilizer n
Fishoil..... Gall.
Hair seal skins No.
Beluga skins
Total value for 1!)09
1908
Salmon, fresh Lb.
I. salted Brls. I
II preserved in cans Lb.
Cod, dried Cwt.
II green . . Brls.
II tongues and sounds Brls.
Haddock, dried Cwt.
II fresh Lb.
Hake, dried Cwt.
Hake, sounds Lb.
Tom cod
Halibut
Herring, fresh "
M smoked «
salted Brls.
Mackerel, salted Brls.
Sardines, salted "
Smelts Lb.
Whitetish
Trout "
Bass "
Pike
Pickerel "
Perch "
Ouananiche •
Maskinonge <
Eels, fresh ... "
.1 salted "
Quantity.
Decrease .
887,202
531
1,200
178,359
2,015
190
958
103,900
350
400
47,000
151,725
628,510
218,600
18,304
6,649
30
263,400
27,780
154,750
27,400
73,00(»
77,625
47,000
30,000
4,700
511,400
56,000
109
67,890
941,620
1,048
120
480,950
116,530
117,950
147,954
6,796
109
Value.
Total Value.
91,905 2(»
7,965 <M)
180 00
802,562 00
8,060 00
1,900 00
2,874 00
3,117 00
1,0.50 00
2(J0 00
6,285 00
4,372 00
79,222 00
29,130 00
2,800 00
282,486 00
5,210 00
8,498 75
436 00
100,110 20
812,522 00
5.991 00
1,250 00
1,410 00
14,fX)4 50
89,879 00
99,735 00
90 0<J
20,502 00
3,640 00
16,275 00
2,740 00
3,272 00
7,100 00
2,350 00
3,000 00
564 00
31,930 00
1,909 00
4,737 00
287,720 00
240 00
10, .555 Otl
174,610 00
58,974 50
44,385 70
8,934 75
1,808,436 65
1,881,817 00
73,380 35
203
MARINE AND FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
RECAPITULATION ,
Of the Number and Value of Crafts, Fishing Gear and Fixtures used in the Fisheries
of the whole Province of Quebec, for the Year 1909-10.
Number.
24
6,133
12,352
477
195
587
352
231
1,813
24,610
84
102,720
165
1,121
216
18
Description.
Value.
Fishing vessels (704 ton.s).
Fishing boats
Gill nets (fathoms, 226,502)
Seines (fathoms 20,670)
Trap nets (herring and cod).
Trawls
Weirs
Smelt and seal nets
Hoop nets
Hand lines, night lines, &c
Lobster canneries
Lobster Traps
Freezers and ice-houses . .
Smoke and fish-houses. . . .
Piers and wharfs (private).
Fishing tugs and smacks. .
Total value.
23,985 I
219,893 I
58.270
103,970
Total.
243,878
152,086
28,704
80,550
19,005
44,780
9,069
11,700
13,804
162,240
25,051
177,035
106,290
23,575
1,097,767
Persons employed in the Fisheries of Quebec, during the Year 1909-10.
Numbsr of men in vessels 104
boats 10,691
It persons employed in canneries, &c 1,259
Total .
12,054
Decrease .
267
FISHEIIY lSsl'i:VT(HlS' Ji'IJroh'TS—OXTARIO 209
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
APPENDIX No. 7.
ONTARIO.
REPORT ON LAKE SUPERIOR DIVISION, BY INSPECTOR A. G. DUNCAN.
Sault Stk. Marie, Oxt., March 'M, 1910,
To the Superintendent of Fisheries,
Ottawa, Canada.
Sir, — I have the honour to subniit herewith my annual report of the fisheries
in my division, being the northwestern division of the province of Ontario., for the
fiscal year from April 1, 1909, to March 31, 1910.
I have been employed in inspecting tlic fisheries from the Soo to*Pukaso in Lake
Superior and found there had been a good deal of illegal fishing carried on the fall
previous with dip nets, at the mouth of the rivers in Lake Superior as the fish go up
to spawn.
I notified the Ontario Fisheries Officer of what was going on, and he reported to
the Ontario governn\ent and they put on a patrol boat last November and seized two
tugs and a lot of gill-nets.
I have also inspected the fisheries from the Soo to Gore bay and Providence bay
in the Manitoulin Island but did not find any illegal fishing, except some trap-net
fishing by American fishermen on the south side of St. Joseph's Island. I seized the
trap-nets and destroyed the same, and reported to your department. The fishing in
the forepart of the season was good, but in the latter part of the season it was poor, and
from all the information I can gather, this season there will be a decrea.se in the catch
of wliitefisli and tr<mt, compared \vil.h last season, the reasoti being the scarcity of fish.
Ninety per cent of all fish caught this last season in my division, was shipped to the
American market. I have had no complaints re sawdust being put into the streams
in my fishing division this season. The Ontario fishery otiicer in my division, has
looked after the fisheries better this year than ever before.
Judging from wliat I heard, the Tliessalon fishermen were fishing without a license
and shipping their fish. When I reported the matter to the Ontario fishery officer he
went and .seized all their nets and fish, and was instructed by his department to move
the same, but later was told by the department to take bonds, and all those fishermen
were tried and allowed to go by paying costs, and in the matter of the two tugs seized
on Lake Superior last November, they were allowed to go on giving bonds and I have
not hoard that the government imposed a fine on the fishermen who pleaded guilty.
The Ontario fishery officers here have been instructed by the department to no-
tify the fishermen that they could fish away until they got their license. This is alto-
gether contrary to the Act, and I would recommend that this practice be stopped at
once, in the interest of the protection of the fisheries in my division, and no one
should fish until he has his license.
Also in addition to my duties a.s inspector of fisheries I inspected the American
Dredge Company's dumping, where it was reported they were dumping their mud in
Canadian waters, as I have reported to your department, and I have also looked after
the placing of bell buoys and spar buoys on the east end of Lake Superior and the
placing of the spar buoys from the Soo to Bruce Mines, and lifting the same in the fall.
22—14
210 MARINE AND FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
I also inspected and reported to your department two dams on the Manitoulin
Island re putting in fishways and have also inspected and reported on the repairs of the
fishway in the dam of the Keewatin Power Company at Kenora.
There has not been any loss of life this season, of fishermen following their calling,
in my division.
I have the honour to be, sir,
Your obedient servant,
A. G. DUNCAN,
Inspector of Fisheries.
REPORT ON THE FISHERIES OF THE DISTRICT EAST OF AND
INCLUDING THE COUNTIES OF DURHAM, VICTORIA AND
HALIBURTON, BY INSPECTOR J. M. HURLEY.
Belleville, Aug. 1910.
To the Superintendent of Fisheries, Ottawa.
Sir, — I beg to submit the following report on the fisheries in my district during the
past fiscal year : —
The spring fishing with hoop-nets for coarse fish, viz.: Pike, suckers, bull-heads,
catfish, (kc, was very good, and prices for these kinds of fish were very satisfactory,
being ten cents per pound during cool weather. Even carp is not so much
dreaded now, as they bring a fair price, and are easily caught ; also there
seems to be no evidence that they are doing the damage to other fish and the feeding
grounds that it was feared they would.
The sport fishing has been very good, viz.: Bass, maskinonge, trout, pickerel, &c.
There have been some fine catches of maskinonge in several lakes, but especially in the
Rideau waters, Trent river and waters. Bay of Quinte, Kawartha lakes. Trout is found
in the northern lakes, but bass is the most plentiful, and the most general throughout
the district.
During my visits to the centre of the district where the waters flow towards the
Ottawa river, viz.: the Madawaska and Mississippi rivers, also lakes in that district,
viz.: Eraser lake, Wesley- mxcoon, Mullet and several others, I found that both settlers
and tourists were load in their praises of tha good biss fishing which must be due to
the stocking of these waters by the Dominion government, as there was no bass fishing
there previous to such stocking.
The rivers and lakes in question are large and an evidence of the result of stock-
ing has been the establishing of a bass fishery throughout these water systems. It may
be pointed out that three years after the depositing of the young bass, these fish were
caught by anglers as far as twenty miles from where the original fish were placed.
The bass fishing on the St. Lawrence river through the islands to Kingston, along
the edge of Lake Ontario, through the Bay of Quinte, the Murray canal and Presqu'^Isle
bay to Lake Ontario, a distance of two hundred miles is very good, especially for the
reason that hoop-nets are licensed on these waters to take out the coarse fish, viz. :
suckers, pike, bull-heads, ling, carp, eels, perch, &c., which destroy the spawn of the
sporting fish.
Strong complaints have been made to me of the increase of coarse fish in Madoc
and Kawartha lakes, where there are no nets licensed to take out the coarse fish, and
sporting fish are becoming very scarce on that account in these waters. I consider it
would be a benefit to ihe sporting fish to have nets allowed to take the coar-se fish in
the spring when they are running, of course under strict government supervision.
Salmon-trout are again appearing in the Bay of Quinte, after an absence of twenty-
five years. This is no doubt due to the planting of fry from the Newcastle hatchery.
It is claimed that these fish were driven from these waters years ago owing to the
contamination caused by sawdust and mill-rubbish, carried into them by the tributary
rivers, but as these are now all free of such pollution the salmon-trout now remain in the
bay the year round.
FISHERY IXSI'ECTORS- UI-fo/rrs—OMAIilO 211
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
The whitefish and herring are more plentiful in Lake Ontario and Bay of Quinte
than for very many years past, and can now be caught nearly the whole year round.
Their greater plentifulness in these waters is generally conceded to be due to the waters
being stocked with fry from year to year from the Sandwich hatchery.
The close season for bass should be extended to the first of July. In keeping track
of the ba«s in the breeding ponds, I find in 1908 bass in Quinte pond started to .spawn
June 5, in 1909 June 9, and were still spawning several days. I also think bass should
not be taken in the spring. The same applies to raaskinonge. The close season for
salmon-trout should I think begin October 1.
Respectfully submitted,
Your obedient servant,
J. M. HURLEY, Inspector.
REPORT OF THE FISHERIES OF THE DISTRICT WEST OF THE EAST-
ERN BOUNDARY OF THE COUNTY OF ONTARIO, AND THE
DISTRICTS OF MUSKOKA AND PARRY SOUND, ETC.
Toronto, Ont., Sept. 8, 1910.
To the Superintendent of Fisheries,
Ottawa, Ont.
Sir, — I have the honour to submit my report on the fisheries in my district during
the past fiscal year.
The common fishing is still showing a steady decrease owing to the large number
of yards of gill nets issued by the Ontario government and the inefficient protection that
has been given. I think this matter should be taken up by the federal government
and some legislation enacted in regard to the size of the mesh and measures taken to see
that the law is properly enforced. The whitefish and trout have decreased to a very
marked extent, and this when takon into consideration with the greatly improved methods
of fishing steam lifts, and steam tugs, thus enabling the fishermen to go into waters far
from the shore where the sail or row boats were formerly unable to reach, certainly
leaves no doubt that the depletion is going on from year to year to an alarming extent
and calls for immediate action. The herring fishing in Lake Erie, the past season has
been fairly good, whitefish and trout very light. The angling or sporting fishing has
shown a diminution in many places ; the angling fishermen being forced to go back
farther from the usual summer resorts to obtain anything like a desirable catch. There
are in my division many companies who have at a large expense provided private ponds
and hatcheries for the propagation of the brook trout and to my mind have done much
to prevent the entire extermination of this fish.
I think these companies and private individuals should have every consideration in
their efforts in this direction as many of them turn loose into the streams, fish from one
to three years old and thus help to replenish the waters not absolutely under their
control. The carp, the much dreaded pest of fresh waters, are still doing a great deal
of damage in the way of destroying wild rice and driving other fish out of their usual
haunts and every means should be taken to allow them to be caught at any season
of the year and by any means. A market has been opened in the United States where
these fish can be sold and as they are easily taken, this may residt in preventing their
increase to such an extent that it will .somewhat lessen the danger. About ninety per
cent of the fish caught in my division is exported to the United States. I cannot too
strongly recommend that some step should be taken by the federal government to
preserve the fi.sheries and even though the cost hv con.siderable, I am sure that the
result cannot but be satisfactory to the people of Canada, now and particularly in the
years to come.
All of which is respectfully submitted.
Your obdient servant,
O. B. SHEPPARD,
Inspector o/ Fisheries
22-14^
212
MARINE AND FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
ONTARIO
Return of the number of fishermen, tonnage and value of tug.*, vessels and boats,
fishing industry during
Districts.
Fishing
c
t Tugs or J Vessels.
Boats.
Gill Nets.
s
No.
Ton-
nage.
Value.
a)
No.
Value.
Men.
No.
Yards.
Value.
1
Lake of the Woods and
Rainy River
3
23
21
2G
13
10
44
5
250
219
393
602
3,197
20
1,396
60
5,800
50,450
73,300
69,440
42,000
2,425
149,012
4,700
8
108
1.50
118
69
20
224
11
32
50
80
143
123
151
291
480
273
$
6,770
3,070
16,650
13,937
18,495
8,871
42,654
41,069
3,718
76
75
140
280
230
322
529
773
468
72,000
811,000
1,141,250
1,434,641
896,018
444,123
704,066
15,713
10,980
9,
Lake Superior
35,680
3
4
Lake Huron (North
Channel)..
Georgian Bay
81,119
58,030
5
6
Lake Huron (Proper). .
Lake St. Clairand River
Thames
29,948
Lake Erie.
43,461
41,885
1,585
8
0
Lake Ontario . .
Inland Waters
145
6,137
397,127
708
1,623
155,234
2,893
5,518,f'Sll
302,688
Return of the kinds, quantities and values
1
Districts.
Herring,
salted.
Herring,
fresh.
Whitefish.
Trout.
Pickerel.
Pike.
1
9,
Lake of the Woods and Rainy River
Lake Superior
brls.
lb.
400,666
10,000
57,000
297,280
1,010
5,830,400
2,281,568
25,440
lb.
700,000
400,000
600,000
542,400
562,400
43,120
660,900
1,160,095
10,320
lb.
33,000
1,400,400
1,710,000
978,000
844,500
1,856,000
3,100
193,912
lb.
300 000
200,000
170,000
30,000
321,000
75,500
lb.
260,000
70,000
3
4
Lake Huron (North Channel)
Georgian Bay
i70
400
46,000
40,000
5
6
Lake Huron (Proper)
Lake St. Clair and River Thames . .
10,000
41,000
7
Lake Erie
1,408,000
366,388
103,908
8
9
Lake Ontario
Inland Waters
1,800
58
152,593
19,879
Totals
2,428
8,902,698
4,679,235
5,162,912
3,124,972
2,345,296
Values
24,280
445,135
467,924
516,291
312,497
187,624
FISHERY INSPECTORS' REPORTS— ONTARIO
213
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
FISHERIES.
the quantity and value of all fishing Materials and other Fixtures employed in the
the year 1909-10.
Mateuial.
Other Fixtures used in
Fishing.
Seines.
Pound Nets. Hoc
i
1
J) Nets.
Night Lines.
i
)ears.
Value
Freezers and
Ice Hou-ses.
Piers and
Wharfs.
6
Yards.
Value
No.
Value. No.
Value.
No.
Hooks
Value.
No.
Value.
No.
Value.
e
14
33
92
11
43
3, (MX) • 3
S
575
1,000
$
14
S
7 s-j\
$
1
3,700
19,630
4,800
20
9 3,610 2 125
5 15 000
2
2
25
7,970
75
6,431
2,050
2
5
88
'8
ifi I'-inn, f; V ORa
it
648
495
15,700 i
2,200 156
8 ie! 4.650
5
i 1
10,187 3.750 12
10 5»<J0rt
19 1 <>sn
6
9,636
3,470 272
1....
106,825
3
30'>
:::::: 92
no
8
128
40
62,940; 1 '100
4 300' TJ^ IAO
7
20,471
116
150
8
780
9
7,715
477
15.5,855
601
18,126
387
8
246
105,930 143; 4,005
of Fish cau''ht during the Year 1909-10.
Sturgeon . Eels.
lb.
57,000 . .
.*^,6'>0 .
•2b,m) . .
4,400 . .
n,.")50 . ,
27,. 540 .
Sf;.2.">0 . ,
1,744
4,177
lb.
3.3,:Vi2
750
221,2611 34,102
3.1.189
2,046
Perch, i TuUibee.
lb.
112,
88:
735,
06,
12
goo:
300;
300,
300
500!
m\
3161
lb.
80,000
22,000
Catfish.
18,000
1,023,670| 120,000i 308,698
61,1841
lb.
2,900]
170
650
70,(KiO
18,0()0
1.53,!t.3t;
(i.3,042
7,2001 24,6%
5 *•
;o
Caviare.
lb.
47,000
8,CK)0
76,000
20,,500
140,000
•};i8,ooo
500,000]
17<;.148
12(1,461'
1,732,109
86,605
lb.
Carp.
lb.
3.400
240
670
920
1,090"
2,400
2,000
1,2.50
78,180
411,000
20.4.56
8,190
8,720 521,082'
8,720
10,422
V^alue.
143,432 1
227,;t00 2
260,050 3
ir).5,.563 4
208,879 5
63.892 6
742,9.^S 7
33;M62: 8
26,002 9
2,177,813
212
MARINE A ) FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 191 1
ONTARIO
Return of the number of fishermen, jnnage and value of tugp, vessels and boats,
fishing industry durin»
Districts.
Fishing
t Tugs or ; VesseK
Boats.
Gill Nets.
1
No.
Ton-
nage.
Value. 3
No.
Value.
Men.
No.
Yards.
Value.
1
Lake of the Woods and
Rainy River
3
23
21
26
13
10
44
5
2.50
219
393
602
3,197
20
1,396
60
5,80(1 8
50,45(' 08
73,30< 50
69,44( 18
42,00( 69
2,42: 20
149,01'. ;24
4,70( 11
32
50
80
143
123
151
291
480
273
$
6,770
3,070
16.650
13.937
18,495
8.871
42,654
41,069
3,718
76
75
140
280
230
322
529
773
468
72,000
811,000
1,141,250
1,434,641
896,018
10,980
35,680
9,
Lake Superior
3
4
Lake Huron (North
Channel).;
81,119
58,030
29,948
5
6
Lake Huron (Proper)..
Lake St. Clair and River
Thames
Lake Erie
7
444,123
704,066
15,713
43,461
41,885
1,585
8
9
Lake Ontario . .
Inland Waters
145
6,137' 397,12: '08
1
1,623
155,234
2,S!93
5,518,S11
302,688
Ketur.v of the kinds, quantities and values
1
Districts.
Herri u;
salt.fl
brls.
Herring,
fvp^h.
Whitefish.
Trout.
Pickerel.
Pike.
1
2
Lake of the Woods and Rainy River
Lake Superior
lb.
400,666
10,000
57,000
297,280
1,010
5,830,400
2,281,568
25,440
lb. lb.
700,000 33,000
400 000 1 ^<^ -inn
lb.
300 000
200,000
170,000
30,000
321,000
75,500
lb.
260,000
70,000
3
4
Lake Huron (North Channel)
Georgian Bay
It
4»
600,000
542,400
562,400
43,120
660,900
1,160,095
10,320
1,710,000
978,000
844,500
1,856,000
3,100
193,912
46,000
40,000
10,000
41,000
5
6
Lake Huron (Proper)
Lake St. Clair and River Thames . .
7
Lake Erie
Lake Ontario
1^ '
1,408,000
8
152,593
19,879
366,388
9
Inland Waters
103,908
Totals
2,-^
8,902,698
4 fi70 9Vi
K 1ftO 010
^ 124 972 5! 345.296
Values
^
24, )
445,135
467,924 516,291
1
312,497
187,624
FISHERY INSPECTORS- Rr.l'oh'TS -MAyiTOBA 215
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
APPENDIX No. 8.
MANITOBA.
REPORT OF THE FISHERIES BY INSPECTOR W. S. YOUNG.
Selkirk, Max., June 4, 1910.
To the Superintendent of Fisheries,
Ottawa, Canada.
Sir, — I have the honour to submit the following report on the fisheries of the
province of Manitoba and the district of Keewalin, for the year ended the 31st
March, 1910, together with statistical returns, showing the yield of fish, values of catch,
plant, itc.
In submitting this my tenth annual report on the fisheries of my district, it is
with pleasure that I say that the fisheries of the whole district are in a much healthier
condition than they were when I took oflice and for some years thereafter, especially
in so far as the larger lakes are concerned, namely : Lakes Winnipeg, Winnipegosis and
Manitoba.
The improvement in the whitefish fisheries of Lake Winnipeg was undoubtedly
caused by the action of the department in shortening the commercial season to the
15th day of August, which formerly continued until the 5th day of October. The
operations as carried on during that time between the 15th day of August and the 5th
day of October did more harm to the whitefish fisheries of the lake, than all the balance
of open season's operations.
I am pleased to say that the successful work of our hatcheries has had a large
share in the improvement noticed in the fisheries of this important lake. The fisher-
men, who actually catch the fish, reported to me that the fish are more plentiful at
present tlian they had been for some yeai's previous ; and those wlio ai-e employed in
the whitefish industries are unanimous on this important question.
It was my privilege to witness a gang of nets being lifted, a few days before the
season closed, on a ground which had been fished throughout the open season, and as
soon as the net buoy was lifted, the nets tloated, owing to the large quantity of tish in
them. One fisherman said to me, 'This kind of fishing reminds one of the old-time fish-
ing on Lake Winnipeg, when no laws governed this industry."
I am free to admit that the fish do not average as large as thev did in the old days
spoken of. It nevertheless is a fact that for tlie last three years they are increasing in
size. With the object in view of arriving at the average weight of whitefish taken from
this lake during the time commercial fishing was on, I took twenty-five fish from the
fishermen's boats and weighed them in the round, at every fishing station, not only once
but several times. The result was a little better than three pounds to the fish, which
should be considered very satisfactory.
The fisliermen under sailboat licenses caught on an average to the boat better than
forty thousand pounds for their two .and one-half months' operations, which gave them
a profit of from six hundred to one thousand dollars, after paying all expenses in
connection therewith. The fishermen received for their catches of fish delivered dressed
to the ditTerent stations, at a rate of three cents a pound, instead of three cents a fish
as they did some years ago. So that so long .'is this lake is looke<l after and reasonable
regulations govern it, the fishermen are bound to do well as long as the weather condi-
tions are such as is required for successful operations of the fisiiery.
216 MARINE AND FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
The above of course refers to the summer or commercial fisheries of Lake Winnipeg ;
but I am pleased to say that the same good condition of affairs was experienced in
connection with the winter fishery for whitefish on this lake.
For some years a good deal has been said on the part of some, that Lake Winnipeg
was depleted of whitefish at certain points, one of which was the fishing ground in the
vicinity of Reindeer and Sturgeon Islands. For the information of the department, I
would say, that practically all the whitefish taken from Lake Winnipeg during the
past winter were taken on these grounds spoken of, and amounted to in round numbers
seven hundred and twenty-eight thousand pounds. This quantity of fish was taken
in about two months time. It is quite clear to any one unbiassed in the matter, that
the fishery of this district is in a very satisfactory condition. Also, I know of fishermen
who cleared all the way from four hundred to one thousand dollars in connection
with this fishery ; so that, whatever there is to be said with regard to Lake Winnipeg
being depleted of whitefish in the past, the record of the whitefish fisheries of this lake
does not warrant any such conclusion in the matter, at the present time, neither during
the summer nor winter seasons, which is most gratifying.
In reference to my previous annual reports in connection with this fishery, and which
I am sorry to say have been misconstrued by some, so as to mislead or give the public
of Canada the impression that I was wilfully misrepresenting the true condition of
affairs in connection with this very important whitefish industry ; in the report for
the year 1907 will be found the following : 'In conclusion I would like to say that
the action of the department in passing an Order in Council shortening the commercial
season, will have the desired effect of protecting the whitefish of Lake Winnipeg, which
was heretofore prosecut(id up to the 5th day of October. I am satisfied that the fisher-
ies will have a good future, if the policy of the department is carried out by keeping
the commercial season as it is at present, which dates from the 1st day of June until
the 15th day of August. The policy of the department will redound to their credit,
by protecting the fisheries without seriously curtailing the industry.'
My prophecy at that time, has been fully realized and has surpassed my most
sanguine expectations during the past season, and will still continue to improve, if the
same policy is adhered to, in the way of reasonable restriction and the enforcement
thereof.
The pickerel fishery, as carried on in Lake Winnipeg during the months of Sep-
tembei- and October, was a most successful one, there being taken from September TO to
October 15, nine hundred and eighty-four thousand five hundred pounds. This record
speaks for itself, when one considers the shortness of the time in which such a large catch
was made. I would like to draw the attention of the department to the class of people
who produced these fish. While it is true that a number of the commercial fishermen
are engaged in this fishery, yet the bulk of the men are settlers and Indians, residing
on the lake, and it is a source of livelihood for them, especially so in as far as the Indians
and half-breeds are concerned.
During the winter season there was taken from the above waters one million two
hundred and fifty-four thousand pounds of pickerel, which was almost double that of the
previous winter, wKich would indicate that there is still an abundant supply of this
variety of fish in the waters of Lake Winnipeg.
In so far as the other varieties of fish are concerned, it will be noted that in most
cases the yield is almost, if not double, that of the previous winter season. Altogether,
including both summer and winter season, there was produced in value of fish caught
five hunflred and thirty-two thousand six hundred and forty dollars, or an increase of
one hundred and sixty-seven thousand one hundred and sixty dollars over that of the
previous year. Lake Winnipeg is the only one in the whole of my district, in which
fishing operations were carried on both during the summer and winter season for com-
mercial purpose". The only fish taken during the summer season in the balance of the
waters in my district are those used for home consumption, and which is included in the
winter statement of fish produced.
Lake Winnipegosis gave a yield of seven hundred and twenty-seven thousand
pounds of whitefish, one million two hundred and twenty-six thousand five hundred
FISHERY IXSrKCTOR.S' KKl'OJiTS—MAMTODA 217
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
pounds pickerel, nine hundred and eighty-one thousand five hundred pounds of pike o"*
jack fish, one hundred and twenty-one thousand eight hundred pounds of goldeyes and
two hundr. d thousand pounds of coarse fish, besides two hundred and fifty thousand
pounds of fish used for home consumption, making a total value of one hundred and
seventy-seven thousand and six dollars worth of fish taken from the al)0ve mentioned
waters during the past winter season.
From the waters of Lake Manitoba the catch of fish during the winter season was
also very encouraging, as the following figures will show, when compared with that of
previous years : Two hundred and twelve th jusand nine hundred pounds of whitefish,
two millions ninety-six thousand six hundred pounds pickerel, one million two hundred
and thirty-three thousand pounds of pike or jackfish, six thousand eight hundred
pounds of perch, one hundred and forty-five thousand six hundred pounds of tullibee,
one hundred and fifty-thousand pounds of mixed and coarse fish, and fish used for home
consumption three hundred thousand pounds ; at a total value of two hundred and one
thousand one hundred and eiglity-eight dollars.
In the Pas district, which includes all the waters lying north of the Big Saskat-
chewan river, the most important of which are Lakes Moose, Cedar, Clear "Water,
Cormorant, along with the waters of the Big Saskatchewan river. The fisheries in the
alx>ve district during the past winter were very satisfactory and were well looked after
by over.seer H. H. Ross. His report on this district will be found under fishery
officers' reports.
Other small lakes in the south and west of the province, such as Rock, Pelican,
Killarney and Fish lake, more or less fish were taken in small quantities and were used
for home consumption.
Synopsis of fishery officers' report :— Overseer M. S. CoUison reports as follows
on the fisheries of Lake Winnipegosis, Dauphin and Water Hen : ' Fishing on Lake
Winnipegosis has been very heavj' during the past winter, and the prices much better
than in previous years. The fishermen all made good money. The cause of the increase
is due to the lake being closed for the past four years during the summer season. The
whitefish and pickerel are increasing in size. This I believe is due to the lake being
closed to summer fishing. Lake Dauphin and Water Hen are keeping the same as
other years.'
Guardian Skuli Sigfusson reports on Lake Manitoba and Shoal as follows : — 'The
coarse fish, such as j \cks and suckers, are derea-<ing, while valuable fish such as white-
fish and pickerel are therefore naturally increasing. Whitefish and pickerel have never
been caught in such great numbers as this winter. The average weight of whitefish
has been about three pounds, and pickerel about two pounds. A few years ago, just
after the summer fishing was piohibited, the average weight of whitefish was only about
two pounds, and the average weight of pickerel was also much less than this winter.
On the whole, fishing has been profitable to the fishermen, several of whom have dis-
posed of fish to the amount of nine hundred dollars, after a three months catch. The
average fisherman while not doing so well, has had good wages. I believe that one
hundred cars of fish have been sold from my district of Lake Manitoba, Dog lake and
some from Shoal lake, some of which was shipped by local freight, and a portion hauled
by teams. The estimate of the whole catch delivered to Oak Point and St. Laurent is
not too high at two million five hundred thousand pounds."
Guanii in James Matheson reports that he considers that the fisheries are in a
healthy condition in his district, which comprises the northern part of Lake Manitoba,
the Fairford river and Lake St. Martin: 'The varieties of fish t^iken in my district
are whitefish, pickerel, catfish, perch, goldeyes and sucker.'
Guardian T. B. Perry reports on the lakes in the south and in the west of the province
of Manitoba : ' I may say that I have made several trips to the fish-producing lakes in
my district, and have nothing of special interest to report regarding same. The fisheries
in my district are almost entirely carried on in the Long lake and Lake Dronmo,
whicii are expansions of the stret<?h of water lying between Lake Max near Boissevain
and Lake Mutigoskie, the greater part of which latter lake lies in the United States.
218 MARINE AND FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
The fishing is entirely carried on by settlers living near the lakes, and the fish caught
are pike and mullet.'
Overseer H. H. Ross reports on the district of Keewatin north of the Saskatchewan
river : ' There was no commercial fishing done during the summer season. During the
winter season the fisheries were nob prosecuted on as large a scale as in former years, as
it was not until late in the season that the fish companies decided to buy fish in this
district owing to the uncertainty of the market and also the muskrats being plentiful
and fur being high in price. The Indians did comparatively no fishing, but considering
the few iuen who did fish, the catch has been a very good one. The fish averaging in
size and quality is just the same as those in previous years. The close season has been
well observed by all licensed fishermen on Lakes Cedar, Moose and Cormorant. The
rough fish have I een well cleaned off the ice, as the Indians use these fish for dog food.
With regard to the fish caught in these waters for home consumption, the approximate
figures I give you are more or less guess work. I can only calculate this by how many
Indians, dogs and white population there are in each settlement, and then using my
own judgment as to the amount of fish they consume in a year. Of course these fish
are all mixed.'
In conclusion I would say that the fisheries of my whole district have averaged up
well. The catch has been phenomenal in most cases, and the prices realized have been
good. During the past year the weather conditions were ideal for successful fishing
operations. There was very little loss of fish throughout the season on account of incle-
ment weather, which, I am sorry to say, has happened in past years.
During this season the fishermen only missed lifting their nets once or twice as a
result of which the fish were landed in the pink of condition at the stations on the lake
and later to the markets of Canada and the United States.
In this report I will not undertake to make any recommendation in connection
with the fisheries of this province at this time, in view of the fact that your govern-
ment has appointed a commission to investigate the fisheries. The matter will no doubt
be gone into by them, as they will have ample opportunity during the coming summer
to meet all those who are actually engaged in the fishery industry and who are conversant
with the condition of affairs as they now exist.
I have the honour lo be, sii',
Your obedient servant,
W. S. YOUNG,
Inspector oj Fisheries.
FISHERY INSPECTORS' REPORTS— MANITOBA 219
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
Sklkirk, Man-., April 22, 1910.
To the Superintendent of Fi.sheries,
Ottawa, Ont.
Sir, — I have the honour to submit the following report on the operations of the
Fisheries Protection crui-ser Lady of the Lake, for the season of 1909.
In the month of June, I had the ship taken out on the Dominion Fish Company's
slip, and had her hull thoroughly repaired by putting in a new keel and starboard streaks,
besides caulking and filling her seams with white lead and tallow.
The alterations sanctioned by the department were carried out, which have improved
the accommodation very much. Both the boiler and the machinery were tliorouglily
lepaired, as a result of which, less fuel was used than in previous years, according to
the number of miles travelled. We gave her two coats of paint, both inside and out,
which improved her appearance very much.
Owing to the length of time it took to complete the above repairs, it was July 4,
before she was able to leave Selkirk for the fishing grounds of Lake Winnipeg, but she
was able to sail on that date and was kept busy for the balance of the commerical fish-
ing season, which ended on August 15.
I found very little, if any, attempt on the part of the commerical fishermen to break
the law. In fact the whitefish were .so plentiful that it was not necessary.
From July 4 until September 5, our ship was used entirely on fisheries protection
work. After that time she was used in connection with the gathering of whitefish
spawn, for the Selkirk, Berens River and Winnipegosis hatcheries, the result of which
will be found in a separate report.
During the season she travelled four thousand miles, and had ofiicers and crew of
nine men, who helped very considerably in connection with the work at the cepart-
raent whitefish hatchery at the Little Saskatchewan river.
We arrived in Selkirk on November 13, and had her laid up for the winter in the
west harbour at Selkirk, after what should be considered a successful season's work.
I have the honour to be, sir,
Your obedient servant,
W. S. YOUNG,
Inspector of Fisheries.
220
MARINE AND FISHEBIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 191 1
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SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
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222
^fARINE AND FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
RECAPITULATION
Of the Yield and Value of the Fisheries of Manitoba and District of
Keewatin, for the year 1909-10.
Kinds of F
ish.
Quantity.
Value.
Whitetish
Lb.
4,662,100
4,500
5,750,400
3,067,100
94,300
64,800
834,200
87,200
1,317,600
959,200
3,600
3,614,200
$
326,347
Trout „
315
Pickerel . . i r -
345,024
Pike M
107,348
11,316
Sturgeon u
Perch 1
2,268
Tullibee
29,197
Catfish M
8,720
26,352
33,572
Mixed and course fish .,
(Told-eyes h
Caviare n
4,500
Fish, not enumerated, consumed at home h
108,426
Total for 1909
„ 1908 •
1,003,385
600,396
Increase
402,989
RECAPITULATION
Of the Number and Value of Vessels, Boats, Nets, Aic, used in the Fisheries of
Manitoba and District of Keewatin, for the year 1909-10.
No.
Description.
Value.
Total Values
10
288
Tugs, (440 tons)
Boats
Gill-nets, (686,250 fathoms)
66,000
16,080
82,080
13,715
137,150
510
500
17
20,000
Seines, (666 fathoms)
Night lines , .
Freezers and ice houses
Piers and wharfs
138,160
98
10
86,000
12,300
Total
98,300
318,540
Number of men in tugs
" II boats
Persons employed infish houses, &c .
74
565
200
Total
839
FISHERY IXSPECTOR.S' REPORTS— SASKATCHEWAN 223
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
APPENDIX No. 9.
SASKATCHEAVAN.
REPORT ON THE FJi^.HERIES BY INSPECTOR E. W. :SIILLER.
Qu'Appelle, 1910.
To the Superintendent of Fisheries,
Ottawa.
SiK, — I have the honour to submit the folio win^f report on the fisheries of the
province ot Saskatchewan for the year ended March 31, 1910, together with statistical
returns showing the yield of fish, values of plant, catch, circ.
The general conditions afifecting the fisheries in this province were dealt with at
length in. my annual report for the previous year and as the prospective changed have
not as yet been made in the regulations, operations have continued under the same
system of lioensei and the periods fixed for the close seasons have not been altered.
Under these circumstances there has been no material change in the t<ital output as the
number of men making fishing their constant occupation for an entire season is still
very limited.
The total number of licenses to fish with nets issued during the year was five
hundred and sixty-three, an increase of nearly twenty per cent over 1908-9. This
increase was almost wholly due to the larger number of settlers now availing themselves
the privilege of fishing for their own consumption, and the quantity of fish finding a
way to the local markets was not materially larger than in former years.
There were twelve successful prosecutions under the provisions of the Fisheries Act,
mostly cases of fishing in the close seasons. Several illegal nets were also seized, of which
the owners could not be a.scertained.
The heavy rainfall placed the streams and lakes in first class condition in the early
summer an 1 no loss of fish from bad water conditions was reported. Tlie winter was
a favourable one for fishery operations, but exceptionally warm weather prevailed at'
intervds, and led to .some loss of fish awaiting transportation from the lakes. A long
dry fall and very light snowfall in the winter has brought about a low stage of water in
the Saskatchewan river and streams and lakes in the south of the province and the run
of fish this spring will be very limited.
In the lakes of the Qu'Appelle district the quantity of fish taken by angling con-
tinues to increase in proportion to the larger number of people who resort to them.
Tullibee have again become numerous, a catch of eighty fi.sh was made in a night's set-
ting of a fifty yard gill-net. Whitefi-^h are slowly but steadily increasing and the
supply of coarse fish seems unlimited. A pike weighing 3~\ lbs. was taken in Wyosung
lake. The dam at the east end of Katepwe lake remains in good condition and is
very beneficial. The Moose Mountain lakes are now reserved entirely for hook and line
fishing in accordance with the general wish of the residents of that district. At Devil's
lake, in which as at the Moose Mountain lakes, no whitefish are found, a very large
catch of pike and pickerel is made. The guardian reports that at least four hundred
persons took part in the fishing, wliich is entirely for home consumption. The catch in
the le.sser lakes along the Hue of the Canadian Northern railway is also growing with
the closer settlement of the country. At Long lake the number of residents fish-
ing nets under license is material. v affected by the success of the farmers' sea.son, and
there was consequently a much smaller amount of winter fishing done than in the pre-
vious year and the catch was reduccil accordingly. Overseer Silverthorn reports that
224 MARINE AND FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
the catch per net showed no falling off in the supply of fish and the raising of the water
level in the lake effected by the dam on the Qu'Appelle river at Craven has had good
results. One hundred and four net licenses were issued but not more than fifty of the
holders fish at all regularly. Here as elsewhere the quantity of fish caught by hook
and line is steadily increasing It may be remarked that though the catch of whitefish
in these southern lakes is comparatively small, the fish far exceed those of the more
northern waters, individual fish of eight and nine pounds being not infrequent while
the average might be placed at between four and a half and five pounds. At Pelletier
Lake, south of Swift Current, the usual small catch of whitefish was made. This in an
isolated lake of little extent, and the amount of netting has to be strictly limited to
prevent depletion.'
The settlers along the north and south branches of tho Saskatchewan river are keen
in availing themselves of its fisheries and eighty net licenses were issued, while
much angling is also done. The catch consists of goldeyes, mullet, ling and jack, and
a fair number of sturgeon is also taken. The latter fish are reported much less numer-
ous than in earlier years, a fact due probably to the fishing carried on for some time at
Cumberland and Cedar lakes lower down the river. There is reason to fear that there
is a considerable destruction of fish by means of traps in the numerous creeks entering
the Saskatchewan during the spring close season, and additional guardians will be
necessary to deal with this evil.
There was again a very large amount of fishing done in the Jackfish and Turtle
lakes during the winter season, the summer fishing, however, being of very minor
importance. The.-e lakes have proved exceptionally rich in their fish supply but it is
to be regretted that another season was allowed to pass without an extension of the
close season in their waters. Approximately the same number of licenses was issued in
this district as last year, but there was a falling off in the catch, particularly in Turtle
lake. This must be atributed to the large proportion of spawning fish which have been
taken in past years during the first part of the season. The fisheries in this district
have been of very great value to the settlers and their maintenance in good condition
is of great importance; more stringent regulations will therefore be welcome 1 Licenses
were taken for Lone lake, situate thirty miles northwest of Turtle lake, for the first
time and a plentiful supply of small fish found. The fishery here, however, was not
pressed on account of the further haul to a market. The winter fishing at Cold lake
was again good, the catch being mainly shipped via Vermilion to Edmonton and other
Alberta points, while the country trade was well supplied by traders who drew the fish
from the lake and peddled them.
In the Prince Albert district, summer operations were of the usual limited nature.
The experiment in keeping over fish from the previous winter in cold storage did not on
the whole prove successful, a large proportion of the fish having to be destroyed. Had
the storage proved thoroughly etticient, the fish would have been readily disposed of.
In the winter the main fishery was carried on at Stoney lake whsre fish were found
very plentiful and of excellent quality. To a smaller extent Red Deer, Big Trout and
Candle lakes were also fished with good results. A much smaller number of licenses is
issued here than in the other districts but the men engaging in the winter fishery make
it their persistent occupation and the catch is proportionately large. At Stoney Lake,
a quantity of fish boxed for export, being delayed in transport, were spoilt by the hot
we.ither that set in early in March. The building of a branch of the Canadian Northern
railway to the south end of Crooked lake now nearing completion, will reduce the haul
by sleigh of fish from Stoney lake by nearly one hundred miles and bring many other
large lakes within a practicable freighting distance from a railroad shipping point.
With a revision of the regulations, an expansion in the fisheries of this district n^i^ht
be expected almost at once. There were shipped from Prince Albert by rail 216,000
lbs. whitefish, 15,000 lbs. pike, 20,000 lbs. trout, and from 90 to 100,000 lbs. of fish
were .sold in the local marlcets. In the Green lake, Lac la Plonge, He a la Crosse, Lac
la Rouge and other northern waters an enormous catch of fish is annually made, it
forming the staple food of the resident Indians and half-breeds and of their dogs. An
inspection of this district during the winter bore out the impression that estimates of
FISHERY INSPECTORS' REPORTS— SASKATCHEWAN 225
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
the catch in these waters liad been understated in former years. An increasing number
of licenses is now V)eing taken out as all persons selling or dealing in portions of tlieir
catch are required to have licenses, but in these as yet distant districts residents are
allowed to fish for their own family consumption without procuring a license. A
constant effort is being maintained to restrict the taking of fish in the spawning season
to that necessary for daily food at that time, and only a fraction of the quantity former-
ly taken at that time is now so caught. One of the dilliculties in dealing with this
question is that the hung, dried fish which have been taken in the close sea,son form a
much more convenient food for the train dogs so universally used in these districts than
do fresh frozen fish taken in the winter.
The conditions under which fishing is done in different parts of this large province
vary so greatly that to work them under one uniform style of license is proving more
and more unsatisfactory, and a thorough revision of the regulations is undoubtedly
necessary. The lack of any distinction at the present time between the more or less
professional fisherman and the farmer who catches fish for his own use leads to much
local irritation. At the same time it must be said tiiat local views are often coloured
by the interests of residents in the vicinity of the lakes which are not always the same
as those of the province at lar;j;e. When fish caught by legitimate methods in the
proper .season are being shipped away, the fear is expressed locally that the lakes are
being depleted, but a proposed extension of the close season to prevent the taking of
spawning fish will be opposed as unnecessary, though a large catch in season is far less
detrimental to a lake than the latter.
I have the honor to be, sir.
Your obedient servant,
E. W. MILLER,
Inspector of Fi>theries.
15
226
MARINE AND FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
Return of the Number of Fishermen, Tonnage and Value of Tugs, Vessels and Boats,
the Quantity and Value of all Fishing Materials employed in the Fishing Industry
in the Province of Saskatchewan, for the Year 1909-10.
Districts.
Fishing Material.
Boats.
Gill Nets.
Hoop Nets.
S
a
1
a5
>
T3
2 c
Fathoms.
6
>
u
(P
3
>
1
e
3
1
Qu'Appelle
120
25
60
300
$
2800
400
720
4500
171
191
120
73
8
12500
22000
$
2080
3(;(i6
$
1
9
Battleford
?
3
4
Prince Albert
14500 2416
15000 2500
40 200
3
4
5
Cumberland
Total.
60 1 1200
3000
500
5
565
0620
563
67000
11162
40
200
Return showing the Kinds and Quantities of Fish taken in the Province of
Saskatchewan, for the Year 1909-10.
Districts.
Whitefish, lb.
Kinds of Fish.
Value.
j5
6
H
?
a
0
0)
3
a
(V
0
Mixed and
Coarse Fish,
lb.
d
3
1
Qu'Appelle
80000
610000
390000
800000
50000
"50666
22000
30000
8000
125000
3000
l.looo
20000
20000
210000
7.5000
1(>0000
25(X)00
120000
1660
cooo
10000
16000
30000
70000
30000
80000
75000
60000
$ cts.
22,200 00
43,030 00
34,920 00
61,750 00
11,680 00
1
2
Battleford .
?,
3
•1
Prince Albert
Northern
Cumberland
Totals
Price per lb cts.
Value $
.
30000
3
4
5
5
1930000
6
110000
6
183000
6
815000
3
33000
10
30000
5
30000
5
315000
3
115800
6600
10980
24450
3300
1500
1500
9450
173,580 00
FISHERY INSPECTORS' REPORTS— SASKATCHEWAN 227
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
RECAPITULATION
Of the Number and Value of Boats, and Material, (fee, used, and the Number of Fisher-
men engaged in the Fisheries of Saskatchewan, dminLT tin- Ycir lOn i lo
Material.
Value.
565 boats
Gil) nets (67,000 fathoms
40 Hoop nets
9,620
11,!61
2<X)
20,981
Men employed 563.
RECAPITULATION
Of the Yield and Value of the Fisheries of Saskatchewan for the Year 1909-10.
Kinds of Fish.
Quantity.
Value.
Whitefish
Trout
lb.
1,930,000
110,000
183,000
815,000
33,000
30,000
30,000
315,000
S
115,800
6,600
Pickerel
10,980
Pike
24,450
Sturgeon
3,300
Tullibee
1,.500
Gold-eyes
1,5<X)
Mixed and coarse fish .
Total for 1909
9,450
173,580
„ 1908
152,795
Increase
20,785
22-15^
228 MARINE AND FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
APPENDIX No. 10.
ALBERTA.
REPORT ON THE FISHERIES BY INSPECTCm PETER GUNN.
To the Superintendent of Fisheries,
Ottawa.
Sir, — I have the honour to submit the annual report on the fisheries of District
No. 2, of the province of Alberta, which is the northern and western part of the
province, and covers three federal constituencies, namely : Edmonton, Strathcona and
Victoria. Having taken over the fisheries on the 15th of October, 1909, and again
resigning on the 7th Februury, I did not have an opportunity to visit all the lakes in
the district, but being in correspondence with all the over.seers and guardians, and other
parties interested, I am happy to report that they are all well satisfied with tlie
season's results. The inclosed return and statistics are made up from the different
guardians and others handling the fish, for commercial purposes. The weights are taken
from a count of the number of fish killed by the different fishermen, where guardians
are, and an average taken of the different kinds.
The lakes around here are well stocked with whitefish, and the returns from Lac
Ste. Anne and Wabamun are ahead of last season. In Lac Ste. Anne, the fish are larger
than formerly, as the fishermen all agreed to use only 6 inch nets, and as this allowed
all the small fish to escape, they now have the benefit of their experiment, as they have
larger and better fish. If this rule were carried out on some of the other lakes where
whitefish are caught, it would be to the benefit of all concerned.
Wabtimun lake has been steadly tished each winter, but the number do nob seem
to diminish, in fact last season shows better returns than formerly shown or reported
by the fishermen. This may be accounted for by the fact that the number of fishermen
is limited to those living a few miles around the lake, who make it a business, as the
Grand Trunk Railway skirts the north side of the lake, and has two stations on the
banks of the lake, which affords the fishermen regular transportation for their fish.
Pigeon lake, which is under charge of Overseer Wood, is the only lake which
seems to be going behind, although Mr. VVood has tried to keep the number of fishers as
low as possible. Butsettlementiscomingsoclo.se around, and it being a large lake,
I fear some other plans than the present system must be followed to keep the lake
stocked : this is a fine body of water, and in the past has supplied a large amount of fish.
During my visit last January, I found that several of the fishermen had taken out their
nets, as they could not get enough to repay their labour. The Indians had pulled up
their net'^ and moved away. A great many of them going west to Buck lake, which is
also well stocked with whitefish, and as settlement is fast approaching that part of the
country ; steps must be taken to prevent it being overfished. Lac la Biche, which is
under the charge of Mr. Alex. Hamlin, shows splendid returns, for the use of those
around, who are chiefly the natives. There is not much export business done from this lake
yet, but if the Alberta and Great Waterways railway is built, this will be a fine point
for shipping to the city of Edmonton, and places outside. Mr. Hamlin reports fish very
plentiful, but has great difficulty with the natives, in collecting the $2 license fee, as they
look upon the fish as their own private property, since time immemorial, although they
follow the law.s, in all other lines, such as observing the close sea.son, tfec.
Mr. McKenzie reports the bass which were put into Cooking lake as doing v.'ell, and
5ays that they will be a success in the western lakes. He seems to have lots of trouble
FISHERY INSPECTORS' REPORTS— ALBERTA 229
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
with the new comers into the country, as he claims they will not keep the close season'
more especially on the larger lakes in this district, such as Beaver Hill lake. He has
appiled for a gasolene launch to enable him to get around the lake fluster, and have
a better chance than patrolling the shore. I will refer his application to you in
another report.
The western part of the district lies along the route of the Grand Trunk railway.
In the past, this part of the country was not reported on, as there were only a few
natives in the district, but now as settlement on both sides of the railway is progressing
fast, the fish must be protected. The same mu'<t apply to the Le^.ser Slave lake and
Peace River districts, where settlers are pouring in ra])i(ily. Several new guardians
will be required in the north, so as to keep the lakes and streams well protected before
they are too far gone. Several of the lakes around the Athabaska river, in the
vicinity of Athabaska Landing, were fished last year, with varying success. As no
guardian has been appointed there, I had to get my reports from several fishermen who
had licenses for Calling lake, Moose lake and .severtl smaller ones.
There are 12 guardians in this district, and they all give good satisfaction, and
are all interested in their work. Several arrests have been made chiefly in the creeks,
where they try to dam up the fish runs.
I had considerable trouble in regard to the ending of the fishing .sea.son, viz., 31st
March. As the fall is the principal time for the whitefish, the fishermen only applied
for their licenses when thev began fishing, about middle of November. I am pleased to
say that they are now ai)plying for them in April, and I trust there will be no more
need of seizure from that source.
I have had to resign my position on account of being a member of the Alberta
legislature, which debarred me from holding a federal position, at the same time.
During my short term in the service of 3'our department, I took great interest in the
business, and must say it is very interesting, and a great source of food supply to the
thousands of new settlers coming into the country, where sometimes it is hard to get to
the centres of supply. They can always call on the fishermen and be sure of a square
meal.
There is a lot of small lake>, with plenty of water in them scattered throui^h the
country, where no fish are found, T have been asked several times to get fish put into
them, for trial, and T have no doubt it will be possible to do so, and be a benefit to
the settlers. Trusting the returns sent to you and these few remarks will be satisfactory.
I have the honour to be, sir.
Your obedient servant,
PETER GUNN.
230
MARINE AND FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
Return of the Number of Fishermen, Tonnage and Value of Tugs, Vessels and Boats,
the Quantity and Value of all Fishing Materials and other fixtures employed in the
Fishing Industry in the Province of Alberta, for the Year 1909-10.
s
Districts.
Lac Ste. Anne and Wabamun
Pigeon, Battle and Buck Lakes
Lac LaBiche, Trout and Touchwood
Lac La Nonne and Big Lake
Whitefish, Saddle and Goodfish Lakes
Blackfalds, Snake and Lacombe Lakes
Moose and Cold Lakes
Dried Meat Lake and Stoney Creek
Buffalo and Chain Lakes
Conjuring Lake
Beaver, Hasting and Cooking Lakes
Lesser Slave Lake
Calling, Moose and Baptiste Lakes
Shining Bank and Lobstick Lakes
Little Whitefish and Whitemud Lakes
Waterton Lake, Belly River and tributaries.
Totals
Fishing Material.
Boats.
25
353
675
630
650
220
400
250
40
600
743
250
100
40
20
4618
50
180
140
30
75
Gill Nets.
55
732
136
80
225
50
200
11
70
30
3
18
100
60
30
12
1025
6800
2745
6750
1500
6000
550
2100
560
100
1080
3000
1980
900
360
Other Fix-
tures USED in
Fishing.
Freezers
and
Ice Houses.
680
450
1125
250
680
55
350
150
30
540
500
300
150
60
34425 5320
200
200
FISHERY INSPECTORS' REPORTS— ALBERTA
231
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
Return showing the Kinds and Quantities, of Fish taken in the Province of Alberta,
for the Year 1909-10.
Districts.
•
KiN'ns OK Fish.
Total
Value.
J
i
00
IS
IS
0
u
S
t
§
Si
.-2
3
Coarse and mixed fish,
lb.
1
Lac Ste. Anne and Wabamun. . .
Pigeon, Battle and Buck Lakes .
Lac LaBiche, Trout and Touch-
wood
Lac La Nonne and Big Lake.. . .
Whitefish, Saddle and Goodfish
Lakes
Blackfalds, Snake and Lacombe
Lakes
Moose and Cold Lakes
231560
138184
73807
20900
150000
"56666
8850
... .
2500
9308
1448
1000
40000
23000
20000
50000
55000
4000
38443
13000
3500
1000
5000
500
S cts.
11,982 00
7,735 48
4,878 07
1,265 00
8,300 00
10,910 00
3,610 00
2,000-00
1
9
400
5602
1916
9000
2
3
4
5
13175
5000
12324
3
4
5
6
"1666
9000
5000
250000
9000
25000
•
6
7
7
8
Dried Meat Lake and Stoney
Creek
■ ■ ■
8
9
BufiFalo and Chain Lakes
80000
3000
181399
10000
4,300 IX) 9
10
Con j uring Lake
4000
"266CK)
12572
3000
550 00 10
11
Beaver, Hasting and Cooking
Lakes
Lesser Slave Lake
Calling, Moose and Baptiste
Lakes
Shining Bank and Lobstick Lakes
Little Whitetish and Whitemud
Lakes
Waterton Lake, Belly River and
tributaries
'75556
186615
10000
5000
'1660
"506
300
21000
8,024 82 11
19
b,537 5<J 12
13
10,029 35 13
14
5000
500
3000
770 00 14
15
400 0015
16
1000
2,270 0016
Totals
Values $
941676
24200
58090
602924
24116.96
3000
150
13324
267699
47083.80
2420
2904.50
532.%
5353.98
82,562 20
232
MARINE AND FISHERIES
RECAPITULATION
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
Of the Numder and Value of Boats and Material, &c., used, and the Number of
Fishermen engaged in the Fisheries of Alberta, during the Year 1909-10.
Material.
Number.
Value.
353
1,025
2
$ 4,618
5,320
200
Gill-nets (34,425 fathoms). ...
Freezers and ice houses
Total
10,138
Men employed
732
RECAPITULATION
Of the Yield and Value of the Fisheries of Alberta, during the Year 1909-10.
Kinds of Fish.
Quantity.
Value.
Whitefish
Trout
Lb.
941,676
24,200
58,090
602,924
3,000
13,324
267,699
$ cts.
47,083 80
2,420 00
Pickerel
Pike.....
Maskinonge
2,904 50
24,116 96
150 00
Tullibee
Mixed and coarse fish
532 96
5,353 98
Total for 1909
82,562 20
Total for 1908.
49,246 00
Increase
33,316 20
FISHERY INSPECTORS' REPORTS— YUKON TERRITORY 233
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
APPENDIX No. 11.
YUKON TERRITORY.
REPORT ON FISHERIES BY H. T. McKAY.
Dawson, Y.T., April 6, 1910.
To the Superintendent of Fisheries,
Ottawa.
Sir, — I have the honour to submit herewith the annual report on the fisheries of
the Yukon Territory for the fiscal year ended March 31, 1910. There are embraced
in this report the customary statistics showing the qu intity and value of fish and fish-
ing material, itc.
During the past season I have given especial attention to estimating the catch by
the Indians in remote parts of the Territory where it is almost impossible to visit.
This catch has not been included in the reports of previous years.
This estimate is arrived at by taking into consideration the total number of Indians
of which the dififerent tribes are composed ; basing my conclusions on accurate figures
obtained, with reference to certain bands living in localities easy of access.
You will observe, by reference to the returns herewith attached, that the catch by
Indians and that by others are under two difi'erent heads.
SALMON.
Salmon fishing within the Yukon Territory as carried on by the white population
s about 25 per cent less than the catch of the season of 1908-09, with the run apparently
very much less than in former years.
In previous years it was only necessary for fishermen on the Yukon river to be
engaged for a few hours each day in order to supply their needs. Persistent eflforts on
their part, however, during season of 1909-10 failed to secure a quantity sufficient to
compensate them for the time thus employed.
What contributed most to this condition is the use of crude oil as fuel on the
steamboats plying on the lower Yukon river between Dawson and St. Michael.
FISH OTHER THAN SALMON.
The total catch of fish other than salmon by the white population of the Yukon
Territory compares favourable with the season of 1908-09, the decrease only amounting
to 2,314 pounds.
CLOSE SEASONS.
Close seasons have been fairly well observed ; four violations, only, having occurred
during the year. In each case the parties were prosecuted and fined.
FINES AND FORFEITURES.
I also beg leave to report sixteen convictions during the year for violations of the
fisheries regulations, viz :
Two convictions for fishing without a license.
Four " " with illegal nets.
Five " for the illegal setting of nets .
Four " " fishing during the weekly close time.
One conviction " jvssaulting fishery otficer.
234 MARINE AND FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
Forty-six nets found in use, and to be smaller than the tolerated size of mesh, were
destroyed. I found it impossible to locate the owners of these.
WHALE FISHING.
The report of the Northwest Mounted Police stationed at Herschel Island, Y.T.,
shows that eleven large whaling ships, and a number of smaller craft, winter there
regularly, all engaged in whale and seal fishing in Canadian waters along the northern
coast of the Yukon Territory.
This report estimates the value of whalebone spcured by these vessels for the past
five years to be $13,450,000 or a yearly average of $2,690,000.
It seems evident therefore that the entire products of the whale, seal, and other
fisheries, including the Esquimaux catch would easily amount to $3,000,000 annually, an
amount which would place this Territory fourth on the list in Canada as to the value
of its fisheries.
LOSS OF LIFE.
I regret to report the only accident in connection with fisheries which occureed, so
far as I am aware, during the past year.
The dead body of G. B. Matherson, of Carcross, in this territory, was found last
fall in his boat on the shore of Lake Bennett.
He evidently died from exposure to extreme cold during the freezing up of the lake.
I have the honour to be, sir,
Your obedient servant,
H. T. McKAY,
Inspector of Fisheries..
FISHERY INSPECTORS' REPORTS— YUKON TERRITORY 235
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
Retukn of the Number of Fishermen, Tonnage and Value of Tugs, Vessels and Boats,
the Quantity and Value of all Fishing Materials and other fixtures employed in the
Fishing Industry in the Yukon Territory, for the Year 1909-10i
Districts.
Fishing Mateiual.
Other Fixtcres used
IN Fishing.
Boats.
Gill-nets.
Freezers.
and
Ice houses.
Piers
and
Wharfs.
1
S
3
_3
;>
J
3
00
i
"S
>
S
3
Zi
2
35
3
3
c
S
3
J
J
S
3
25
1
All Yukon Territory
68
S cts.
3,400
136
162
28,000
$ cts.
4,200
S cts.
1,500
1
$ cts.
27.0
1
236
MARINE AND FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
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FISHERY INSPECTORS' KKl'OUrS— YUKON TERRITORY
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
RECA.PITULATION
237
Of the Numlx!r of Fishermen, Number and Value of l>oata, Nets and Fixtures in the
whole Yukon Territory, for the Year 1909-10.
Material.
Nuniljer.
Value.
Boats
Gill-nets (28,000 fathoms)
()8
1G2
2
1
S 3, 400 00
4,200 00
l,.oOO 00
27.5 00
Freezers and ice houses
Piera and wharfs
Total
S 9,375 00
Men
136
RECAPITULATION
Of the Kinds, Quantities and V'aluo of Fish taken in the whole Yukon Territory,
for the Year 1909-10.
Kinds of Fish.
Salmon, fresh
II smoked and dried .
Whitefish
Tullibee
Trout
(rreyling
Pike
Pickerel
Ling Cod
Mixed and coarse fish .
Totals
Quantity.
lb.
91,722
46,852
162,032
42,630
34,550
113,784
15,417
19,240
1,858
26.461
555,146
Rate.
cts.
12
14
24
24
30
25
23
10
23
Vak
S cts.
11,006 64
6, .559 28
39,031 t«
10,231 20
10,365 00
28,446 00
3,545 91
1,924 00
427 .34
2,116 88
113,653 93
Increase in value of fish, §54,698.9.3.
Increase in numlxT of men, 96.
238 MARINE AND FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
APPENDIX No. 12.
BRITISH COLUMBIA.
REPORT ON THE FISHERIES OF BRITISH COLUMBIA FOR THE YEAR
1909-10, BY INSPECTORS, C. B. SWORD, J. T. WILLIAMS AND E. G.
TAYLOR.
District No. 1. Comprising the southern portion of the province, Inspector C. B.
Sword, New Westminster.
District No. 2. Comprising the northern portion of the province. Inspector J. T.
Williams, Port Essington.
District No. 3. Comprising Vancouver Island and part of the mainland adjacent
thereto. Inspector E. G. Taylor, Nanaimo.
DISTRICT No. 1.
New Westminster, B.C., August 1, 1910.
To the Superintendent of Fisheries,
Ottawa.
Sir, — I inclose statistics for District No. 1, British Columbia, for the year ended
March 31, 1910.
There is no occasion for many remarks in regard to these. The sockeye salmon
pack is the main dependence of our fisheries, and tlie pack this year was not so large as
it was four years ago when there was also a big run. This was not altogether owing to
a shorter supply of fish, but the additional six hours added to the weekly close time
handicapped the canners on our side of the line very unfairly, while the run being late
the annual close season beginning on the 25th August had more effect even than in or-
dinary years in preventing the canners filling up. That the fish were there is shown
by the Puget Sound sockeye pack, 1,005,120 cases against 820,914 cases in 1905.
The ss. Georgia covered over 5,000 knots in the course of her patrol service during
the past year, made twenty-seven seizures for breaches of the regulations and gave
considerable assistance in distributing fry from the hatchery at Bon Accord.
The ss. Restless from 30th April to end of October was engaged in patrol and
other service in ray district. This included preliminary exploratory work and as.^ist-
ance in planting lobsters, conveying Messrs. Cunningham and Finlayson of the Fish
Breeding Service to Rivers Inlet and west coast of Vancouver Island, also assisting in
distributing fry from hatchery at Bon Accord.
The ss. Restless was also of assistance to the International Fisheries Commission
taking the members of same and assistants for two ciuises among the American fishing
traps.
She also, Inspector Taylor being unwell, took a trip for him to Village bay, Valdez
island. Hemming bay and Blenkinsop bay, also Bute and Toba inlets, where cohoe
fishing was being prosecuted. During the season the ss. Rr'.stless cover &d 5,389 statute
miles.
Your obedient servant,
C. B. SWORD,
Inspector of Fisheries.
FISHERY INSPECTORS' REPORTS— BRITISH COLUMBIA 239
0161 'V 'MIA aaVMQB 01-6
DISTRICT No. 2.
Vancouver, B.C., April 9, 1910.
To the Superintendent of Fisheries,
Ottawa.
SiK, — I have the honour to inclose my annual statistical report of the fisheries
of the northern coast of Briti.sh Columbia, District No. 2, for the fiscal year ended
March 31, 1910, including statement of salmon packs of the different canneries. These
returns show a decrease in the aggregate, the total value of fish and fish products in
1909, being .$2,613,287.50 against 82,73-5,130 in 1908. This is accounted for by the
decrease in the salmon pack for 1909. The total pack of salmon for the season of 1909,
is as follows : —
1909.
Cases.
Sockeye 244,271
Cohoe , 33,538
Spring 17,611
Humpback 36,277
Total 331,697
as against 1906.
Sockeye 268,605
Cohoj 42,926
Spring 20,200
Humpback 61,470
Total 393,201
Approximate detailed decrease and increase : —
Ca.ses.
Skeena river decrease. Season 1909 68,500
Rivers Inlet increase 16,000
Nass river decrease 6,000
Northern coast decrease 3,000
By reference to the above figures it will be noticed that there is a decrease of
appro .\iniately 68,500 cases on the Skeena river, this is partly owing to the fact that
two canneries were not operated during last season, then again the fisheries regulations
prevented sockeye fishing until July 1. Hitherto fishing commenced on June 15 in
each year ; also the Fishery Regulations established a tidal boundary for sockeye
fishing twelve miles below or down stream from the original one used heretofore.
The climatic conditions were also unfavourable. South east winds prevailed during
the greater portion of the season, with rain and rough weather, this was extremely
detrimental to the salmon fisheries, which require westerly winds and sunshine. I do
not consider there were less sockeyes running in the river, as our reports from the
spawning grounds establish the fact that they were as densely populated, as in
previous years The run of spring salmon was good though the}' were not in such large
quantities as in the two previous years. Steelhead and humpback ran about as usual.
With reference to the upper Skeena, I beg to inclose fishery overseer Norrie's
excellent report, which gives valuable data in connection with the spawning grounds
and includes his work and observations during the .season.
Hirers Inlet.— An increase of approximately 16,000 will be noticed on Rivers Inlet,
it is considered a good pack, large quantities of salmon of all varieties arrived on the
spawning grounds, at Oweekayno lake ; climatic conditions were favourable. It is with
240 MARINE AND FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
the keenest regret that T have to rfi-port the sudden death of fishery overseer Nordschow
during the season. He was a most capable, trustworthy and diligent officer, a man uni-
versally respected by all who knew him. The department has lost a valuable officer,
and I have lost an able and honest assistant, and a true and honoured friend.
I'i'ass River, — There was a slight decrease of some o,000 cases on the Nass. This
small amount can only be accounted for by a fluctuation in the run which is always
liable to occur; it was a good pack for this river.
The department during last May, let a contract for the removal of certain obstruc-
tions on the tributaries of this river, and I am informed by fishery overseer Adamson,
that the removal of these obstructions has opened up a large area of spawning ground,
which the salmon, principally sockeye, have availed themselves of. I trust and believe
this work will greatly increase the run of salmon on the Nass, in a few years.
North Coast Fisheries. — The pack is practically the same -as last season, the same
number of canneries operating. Large quantities of dog salmon have been dry salted
by the Japanese for the orient. The herring fisherie-^, have been exploited by different
companies and I look for tlie springing up of a large and important industry, in the
near future in my district, as the herring are in counties millions from Queen Charlotte
Sound all the way up the coast to the Nass.
I beg to reiterate my remarks on dog salmon, halibut, oulachon and our deep sea
fisheries generally, which appear in my last three years reports.
Your obedient servant,
JOHN T. WILLIAMS,
Inspector of Fisheries.
REPORT BY OVERSEER STEWART NORRIE.
Hazelton, B.C., September 30, 1909.
To John T. Williams, Esq.,
Inspector of Fisheries.
Sir, — I have the honour to submit my season's report for the district.
In accordance with your instructions, I left Port Essington on the 5th of May, ar-
riving here on the 16th. After attending to your instructions by telegram, concerning
Messrs. Hodder & MacPhersoii, I began to search for enough lumber for a frame to
stretch the tent over ; and finally was successful in procuring a few hundred feet of
rough boards.
With these and poles cut out of the bush, I managed to erect a very comfortable
little place for office and living room ; which has served its purpose very well indeed.
As soon as the state of the trail permitted, I along with the Indian Agent, Mr,
Loring, who had received instructions from his department, to attend the distribution
of nets, and the new guardian, Charles Pearce, with the nets, started for Babine. We
arrived there in due course, and the next day proceeded to distribute the nets. We
got along first rate, and the Indians seemed satisfied for once.
There have been in all eighty three nets and lines distributed amongst them, and
there are about one hundred and twenty fathoms left, which according to instructions is
stowed away to mend their nets next year.
What would otherwise have been a pleasant trip, was marred coming out by the
loss of a fine horse hired from an Indian.
On beat No. 1, in charge of Guardian Draper, everything has gone along smoothly.
All the railroad construction camps were warned not to i-epeat their reported infrac-
FISHERY INSPECTORS' REPORTS— BRITISH COLUMBIA 241
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
tions of the fishery regulations, and as the Indians as you are aware, have been in a
somewhat hostile mood this season, the Kit-wan-cool people being the most disaffected,
I thought it policy to send Guardian Hodder, of beat No. 2, into the valley along with
him. They got along nicely, the land locators being their chief aversion this time, and
they found no barricades. After warning them against using barricades, Mr. Hodder
reported here, and Mr. Draper wont on his beat down the river. Nothing has occurred
that would warrant recourse to the law.
Guardian James A. Hodder, appointed to beat No. 2, reported here on June 2.
A man named William Croteau, of Aldermere, sent a telegram to the Gold Commissioner
here, complaining that the Tyee Lumber Company were dumping sawdust into Tyee
creek. I sent Mr. Hodder tj investigate, and an official letter to the manager strictly
forbidding him to put any more sawdust into the stream. It turned out that the
original owner was the complainant himself, and had lately sold out to the present
owner. He had also been the first to introduce the mill refuse into the creek, and on
account of some paltry difference concerning a wagon, sent the telegram in revenge.
The present owner pleaded ignorance, and was perfectly willing to comply with the law.
The creek is a very small one, and there is no fish in it except a few trout.
There has been a splendid run of fish up the Bulkley this season. The Indians at
Agwilgat and Morristown, have got a plentiful supply for food purposes. A Hazelton
Indian who fishes in the Agwilgat canyon, told me he had seen four sockeyes caught,
which were branded with a figure five. I asked hira to get me one of them, and he
told me they had been eaten, but would keep a good look out in future, and I promised
him a dollar if he found one, as some of them might still be in their caches. A boy
fishing on the bridge at Babine, hooked a sockeye which was branded, and hid it in the
bush as he was afraid he would get into trouble ; Guardian Pearce heard of it, and per-
suaded him to show him where he hid it, but the dogs had evidently made away with it.
Guardian Hodder has had no trouble with the Indians up the Bulkley ; none of
them committing themselves. He started on his Blackwater trip on August 11,
and must have had a very hard trip, as it rained all the time he was gone and the
trail this season is worse than ever it was.
The Kispiax, the most important tributary, draining the western slope of the Skeena
river, has had an enormous run of humpback salmon this season, the stench from the
decaying fish stranded on the bars, making the air along the trail oppressive to breathe.
This stream is by no means to be classed as a humpback stream only, all the other more
valuable varieties, making the upper reaches and country near the source, which is
studded with beautiful lakes, their spawning grounds. All the Indians on the Kispiax
have got a full supply of salmon for food purposes. This is a much longer river than
is generally supposed, and little is known of the main source, or above a chain of lakes
about sixty miles up which under instructions from Mr. Helgesen, I visited three years
ago, and which form a splendid spawning ground for the sockeye. The river at this
point, notwithstanding the fact that it was high water, when I was there, is still a
stream of considerable volume.
Sclam-Geese is a very important sockeye stream, about the same volume as the
Lakelse. It forms the outlet of two beautiful lakes, the stream connecting them form-
ing an ideal spawning ground. Since forcing the Indians to abandon their barricades,
they have for some reason practically deserted this village, as far as the sockeye fishing
is concerned, and the last year I was there, all their fish were taken with the spear.
I have, however, reiison to believe several families of tlie Kitskagas, who have illahies
in the vicinity, put up cohoeson their way through. Guardian Hodder reports the place
deserted when he was there.
From the upper lake to the Blackwater lake, which drains into the Nass, there is
hardly any rise, the country between being cut up with sloughs, and it is asserted by
some that the Skeena and Nass salmon comingle here. Mr. Hodder reports all the
fish in the smokehouses as being humpbacks The old chief Wemanosic declared that
what he saw constituted his season's catch, but as the sockeyes and springs run first,
and were ripening up in the lake, it is safe to assert that his share of both were safely
cached at different points on his hunting grounds.
22—16
242 MARINE AND FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
He is one of the worst characters and is considered by his own people as the most
notorious liar amongst them. He had been making inquiries whilst at Hazelton, regard-
ing the usual visit of the fisheries officer, and I instructed Guardian Hodder to remain
in the vicinity for a few days. He saw no evidence of the stream being barricaded
this season.
Old Kuldo and the new village of that name were also visited, by the same officer
and everything was all right.
He airived here all safe, and after a rest started for the head of the Bulkley. I
had instructed him to visit a certain fall which had been reported to me. He arrived
all right at the falls, having been in the vicinit}'^ often before, but although he knew the
sockeyes never passed here did not have the opportunity of examining the cause.
The river here, is split by a rock island, and the main passage is a cataract, termin-
ating in perfectly perpendicular falls of quite ten feet high. There is, however, a smaller
about twelve feet wide (the main being forty) at the other side of the rocky island.
There is a perfect'y solid log jam, however, which effectually prevents any fish from
getting up. With the exception of thi?, and a very high leap at the head, which a few
shots of dynamite would remove, the fish could get up without difficulty, and a greater
area of spawning ground opened up than the Copper river. He says all the fish spawn-
ing below the falls are sockeyes.
I asked Mr. Hodder what he thought the place could be put in good shape for, and
he said, provided the work was done in the depth of winter, when the water was at its
lowest, he would himself undertake to remove the log-jam, blow up the rocks at the
head, and assure the passage of the fish for 200 dollars. The main passage would cost
a large amount of money to put in shape whilst the smaller one would answer the
purpose equally as well, and the blowing out of the rock at the upper end, would cause
a great deal more water to come down this passage. With these two obstructions
removed, the rest is simply a natural fish ladder.
I would urgently recommend, that this work be done this winter, and no doubt
you will yourself see what a great benefit must be derived from it. I have drawn a
rough map of the country, to give an idea of the extent of the spawning ground, which
would thus be opened up; also a rough sketch of the falls. I cannot speak too highly
of the work done by Mr. Hodder this season.
Beat Xo. 3, Babine Lake, the principal spawning ground of the sockeye, and in
charge of Guardian Pearce, has been a decided success again ihis season. The fish were
somewhat late in arriving but have since made up for that, by coming in great quan-
tities, 'ihe spawning grounds are all M'ell stocked and seeded. The Babine Indians,
have put up rather more than last .season, but this drawback is more than counter
balanced by the absence of the Stewart Lake Indians. I look on the presence of these
people, as a serious drain on the resources of this river, for fishing at the head of the
lake, where the salmon are ripe, and in very poor condition, for food, it takes so many
more to satisfy, than if the fish were bright and fitter for food purposes. Only two
families came over, and they only stayed a short time.
Mr. Gibbs took a small quantity of ova from Beaver Creek, for the Stewart
hatchery, in the early part of the season, but immediately left upon hearing of the arrival
of the salmon in Stewart lake : and is taking his complement from the hatchery creek
there. Mr. Pretty is getting his supply for the Babine hatchery from the usual place.
Guardian Pearce has not had the least ti'ouble with the Indians. They put their nets
out in the evening, and haul them in the morning leaving a free passage for the fish
all day, and they strictly observe the close time also. It took some time to convince
them of the advantage of using the bluestone for their nets, but they seem to think it
is the correct thing now. One man had his net badly used up, a big black bear tangled
himself up in it as it lay drying on the rack. They shot him, so that somewhat com-
pensated for the loss.
Mr. Pearce has been around the lake three times this season, and has taken a
thorough interest in his work. He says he never saw anything in the fish line to equal the
run of hump-backs, on the site of the famous barricade ; he thinks there must be millions
FISHERY INSPECTORS' REPORTS— BRITISH COLUMBIA 243
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
of them. There has been some talk of the Babines selling large quantities of dried
salmon to the Iludsons Bay Co. It now turns out, that there was a serious shortage
of salmon amongst the Stewart lake peojtle last spring, an»l the Babines did let
them have what they could spare which could not have amounted to much.
My trip to the head waters of Copper river, made in August, arriving at McDonells
lake on the 21st, was a little early on account of the l>ackward season. Tliecreek."* were
all in flood, and the lakes inucli higher than usual at, this lime of year, and I saw very
few fish in the places, where I had seen them tiiree years before. The shallows and
bars, had a great deal more water over them and were also very muddy. They were in
the lakes, however, ripening up, and you could see them breaking water all over. I
procured some ova, and the eggs were undeveloped. This backwardness in my opinion,
is accounted for by so much extra cold water running into the lakes ; for the lake water
was almost as cold as the creeks ; and the fish will not leave the lakes until they are
ripe.
I have since received a communication from Mr. J. K. Ashman, who has a residence,
and lives on the shores of .Mcl)()nells lake; and he assures me, that the fish are now on
the bars and shallows, spawning in large numbers. Mr. Leach Dominion (Government
Geologist, who has be^^n in the district since my visit, confirms his statement. I would
also bring to your notice, the fact that there is a very nasty log jam, about half a mile
up from McDonells lake in the miin .-^tream connecting the lakes. The salmon manage
to work through, but in my opinion, the addition of a few more logs (which may come
at any time) would put the creek out of commission. The jam is about eighty feet long
and piled up nearly twenty feet high. A fire has run through this country many years
ago, and that accounts for so much fallen timber along the banks and acro.ss the
streams.
A tremendous second growth of willows, has since grown up in places, and to
explore the river properly, one would have to slash his way through with the axe.
The Indians around here have behaved them.selves fairly well, with the exception
of a few, who like to in(fulge in tall talk occasional Ij-, and proclaim their priority of
right to all the fish in Skeena river ; nothing has occurred, to justify me in resorting to
severe measures.
I am, sir, your obedient servant,
STEWART NORRIE,
Fishery Overseer Upper Skeena District.
Port Essington, B.C., October 11, 1909.
To John T. Williams, E.sij.,
1 nspector of Fisheries.
Sir, — In accordance with your instructions. I paid a visit to the upper end of the
Copper river canyon, and found everything in the same position as last season.
The water l)eing much higher, there was very little of the rock on the .south side
of the river showing ; but enough to show that it was still in the same position. There
has been no more slide, and cannot very well be, unless something very unusual were to
happen, as there is a perfectly straight face to the blufi", and it must take a long time
Ijefore the action of the weather, cau.ses it to break up again. There must be quite a
number of places on this stream, ecjually as bad as this, and there is no obstivcle, to my
mind, that the .salmon cannot surmount even at low water.
If I might venture an opinion, I would consider it absolute foolishness, to advocate
the expenditure of any more money in this particular place, as I think I have proved
conclusively in my season's report, that the desired elTi'Ct has been accomplished, and
the salmon reinsta,ted on their old time spawning grounds.
22— 16.^
244 MARINE AND FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
As you are well aware, it is a physical impossibility to convert these tremendous
mountain torrents, into quiet valley streams ; and there are so many more places equal-
ly in need, although farther away from civilization, that would open up much larger
areas of spawning ground than even the Copper river.
1 however strongly advocate the removal of the big log-jam between the lakes.
The timber at such an elevation, as no doubt you are well aware, is not particularly
large, but inclined to be scrubby. My idea would be, to chop and saw, a fairway ten
feet wide right through the centre of it, starting at the lower end, as in my opinion
powder would be ineffective except in a few places. There are some roots no doubt
which would require the aid of an explosive to remove them quickly.
I am, sir.
Your obedient servant,
STEWART NORRTE,
Fishery Overseer Upper Skeena District.
REPORT ON THE WORK OF FISHERY PATROL BOAT FALCON.
Vancouver, B.C., April 20, 1910,
Superintendent of Fisheries,
Ottawa.
Sir, — The Falcon was under my jurisdiction from March 1, 1909, until November
1, after which I was instructed to hand her over to Captain Newcomb for work on
the halibut fisheries in Hecate straits. The area of water which she patrols for the
protection of the fisheries in my district, is about 1,100 miles of coast line from the north-
ern extremity of Vancouver Island to the Alaskan boundary, including Queen Charlotte
Islands; and during the season of 1909 she travelled about 8,000 miles.
Her work is to enforce the fishery regulations, especially during the weekly close
season, in which work she has given entire satisfaction, making many arrests for illegal
fishing. The mere fact of the vessel patrolling in the district is a preventive against
illegal fishing, as her movements are entirely secret and she may at any time appear
where she is least expected ; consequently her presence in the district is a constant
menace to would-be poachers. She also is used by me for visiting and inspecting the
outlying fisheries in my district. During the season of 1909, I was instructed by the
Department to place the Falcon at the disposal of the International Fisheries Commis-
sion. The Commissioners visited the Skeena and the Nass river salmon fisheries
which were in full operation at that timp. This inspection occupied one week, during
which some valuable information was obtained in connection with the salmon frequent-
ing these waters.
The Military Committee of Officers from Ottawa, headed by General Otter, also
had the vessel placed at their disposal for a number of days to inspect the vicinity of
Prince Rupert for naval defence purposes.
Several other officials from Ottawa travelled on the vessel during the season and
in every case these officials expressed their appreciation of having the Falcon placed at
their disposal.
It is difficult for me to do justice to our fisheries from a protective point of view
with this vessel, as she is too slow to cover the 1,100 miles of coastline, her speed being
only 8 miles an hour, and I hope the department will in the near future provide me
with a vessel more adapted and suitable for this important work — namely the protect-
ion of our salmon and herring fisheries.
I am, sir,
Your obedient servant,
JOHN T. WILLIAMS,
Inspector of Fisheries.
FISHERY INSPECTORS' REPORTS— BRITISH COLUMBIA 245
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
DISTRICT No. 3.
Nanaimo, B.C., 1910.
To the Superintendent of Fisheries,
Ottawa.
Sir, — I have the honour to inclose my annual statistical report of the fisheries for
District No. 3, British Columbia, for the fiscal year ended March 31, 1910.
These returns show an increase in the aggregate, the total value of fish and fish
products for the year ended March 31, 1909, being §1,987,852, against 82,422,868
for the year ended March 31, 1910, an increase of §435,016.
There was an increase in the .salmon, herring, cod and halibut fisheries. The
greatest increase was in the salmon fisheries. Last year the value of canned .salmon
was §545,467, this year it is §612,040, an increase of §66,573. Last year the value
of salted salmon was §244,800, this year the value is $535,700, an increase of §290,900 ;
altogether there is a total increase in the value of salmon taken of §347,073.
The herring fisheries have continued to develop, being next on the list, with an in-
crease in value over last year of §77,408. China provides the principal market for our
herring, and when the railroads are extended in'o the interior of that vast country, the
market for dry salted herring will be almost unlimited.
The salmon traps on the southwest coast of Vancouver Island had a very success-
ful season. The number of spring salmon taken w;is far in excess of last year. They
are now one of the most valuable fish. They are taken from the traps on scows to Vic-
toria, where they are mild cured for the German, New York and British markets. The
spring salmon are large, many of them weighing over sixty pounds.
Five vessels were engaged in sealing during the past season. The catch was a fair-
ly good one, and the price paid for the skins was far in advance of last year. As the
seals are becoming very scarce in the Behring Sea, a smaller number of vessels go out
each year ; but the higher prices paid for skins is a great inducement to continue in the
business.
The number of seals taken by individual Indians in canoes along the coast was the
smallest for many years. This was largely owing to the boisterous weather prevailing
during the season.
The whale factories at Sechart and Kyuquot on the west coast of Vancouver
Island were operated during the season ; the number of whales taken were about the
same as in the preceding year.
As only very few whales came into the Gulf of Georgia the Pacific Whaling Com-
pany removed their factory at Page's Lagoon to Graham Island, one of the Queen Char-
lotte group.
The whaling operations in the Gulf of Georgia have proved a great disappointment,
and loss to the company.
I have the honour to be, sir,
Your obedient servant,
EDW. G. TAYLOR,
Inspector of Fisheries.
246
MARINE AND FISHERIES
To tlie Superintendent of Fisheries,
Ottawa.
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
Nanaimo, B.C., 1910.
Sir, — I have the honour to report on the work done by the patrol boat Alcedo in
connection with the protection of the inshore fisheries.
The fishing areas patrolled extend from Sooke Harbour on south coast of Vancouver
Island to Queen Charlotte Sound, including the waters between Vancouver Island and the
mainland. The principal fisheries in this important area are the the salmon, herring
and cod. Owing to the rapid development of the herring fisheries, the Alcedo is in
active service all the year. The number of fishermen fined for illegal fishing was 46.
During the year the Alcedo has logged on an average of 8 miles, 7,523 miles.
The efficiency of the Alcedo would greatly be enhanced if equipped with a search light,
especially in the winter months during the herring fishing season, as the patrol work
has to be done chiefly at night.
I have the honour to be, sir,
Your obedient servant,
EDW. G. TAYLOR,
Inspector of Fisheries.
FISHERY INSPECTORS' REPORTS— BRITISH COLUMBIA 247
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
Statement of the Yield and Value oi the Fisheries of District No- 1, British
Colurabia, 1909-10.
Kinds of Fish.
Quantity.
Salmon, canned (in cases, 48 lb.)
11 dry halted lb,
II dried, (Indian con) .
II smoked ...
II fresh and frozen
Sturgeon
Halibut
Herring, fresh and salt
II smoked
Oulachons, fresh
II salt brls.
II smoked lb.
Smelts
Trout
Cod
Shad
19,
Mi.xed 6sh
Fish oil •. gall.
(Juano tons.
Oysters, (Eastern) boxes .
II (Native) sacks.
Clams, crabs and other fish, not included in above
567,203
,500,000
,."}00,000
200,000
,800,000
500,000
,400,000
50,000
10,0(JO
70,000
100
5,00i.t
250,<X)0
liSil.OOO
500,000
10,0f)0
120,000
72,0<10
487
],6()7
1,500
Total.
S cts.
Vail
s-
ctp.
3,G8f;,8iy to
17.5,OOu ».0
12.5,000 0<»
20,000 00
140,0 0 00
25, ((00 (X)
973, (KK> 00
.500 Oil
I 1,000 00
.3,500 00
I 1,000 00
■500 00
12,500 00
18,000 00
33,600 00
500 00
6,000 00
15,840 00
13,636 00
8,335 00
6,750 00
' 12,500 00
5,278,980 00
248
MARINE AND FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
Capital Invested in British Columbia Fisheries, District No. 1, 1909-10.
Description of Property.
Canneries, wharfs, &c
Steamers and gasolene boats.
II in halibut trade. . . .
Dories and gear
Boats
Gill and seine nets
Trawls and lines
Scows
Cold storage plants . .
Oil factories .*■
Salteries . . .
Total value .
Number.
38
37
5
3,000
600,000 (fms)
185
Value.
$ cts.
2,365,400 00
486,800 00
350,000 00
30,000 00
180,000 00
339, .375 00
12,000 00
69,375 00
360,950 00
90,000 00
10,500 00
4,294,400 00
Men Employed in Fisheries.
Salmon fishermen
On vessels (including 187 in halibut fishing)
In canneries
Number.
5,400
372
4,400
10,172
FISHERY INSPECTORS' REPORTS— BRITISH COLUMBIA 249
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
Return showing the Number, Tonnage and Value of Vessels and Boats and the
Quantity and Value of all Fishing Material and other Fixtures used in the Fishing
Industry in the northern part (mainland) of the Province of British Columbia,
for the Year 1909-10.
District No. 2.
Fishing Vessels ane
Boats.
Fishing Material.
Vessels.
Boats
Gill Nets. Se
ines.
Trawls.
ti
0)
S
I
S
20
1
a
a
o
El
1 .
1
a
s
3
i
B
0
>
00
1
>
i
i3
>
1
Skeena (including
Prince Rupert)
Rivers Inlet
Nass
1400
$
80000
39200
5200
75000
9000
75
50
12
60
18
920
784
147
216
22
$
90000
28880
13824
12130
3000
2990 169200
%
9.S415
860
%
1443
2o0
1200
6450
4500
1
2
9 490
4 200
251000
6 250
174615S(;(X>, 772(X» 100
678 46200 19960 .SOd
?
3
s
4
North Coast
Queen Charlotte Is-
lands . .
Total
777 52550
90 1200
30700 2480
1
4100 1500
4
5
2(XI00
700
5
64 .^'UO; 208400
215
2089
147834
*6281 4277.nn ?>9.t375 5940
13843
2000O
700
*Includinp all employees.
250
MARINE AND FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
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FISHERY INSPECTORS' REPORTS— BRITISH COLUMBIA
251
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
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MARINE AND FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
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1 GEORGE V. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22 A. 1911
BRITISH COLUMBIA
DISTRICT No. 3
254
MARINE AND FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
BRITISH COLUMBIA-
RETURN showing the Number, Tonnage and Value of Vessels and Boats and the
Industry in D trict iNo. 3, Province of British
Districts.
—
Vessels .^nd Boats.
Fishing Geab
Vessels.
Boats.
Gill Nets.
Seines.
g
a
3
9
1
15
2
2
2
1
1
2
35
a;
'a
>
u
.a
u
Si
s
140
30
45
30
35
20
16
15
30
>
®
560
60
180
S
21
9
15
S
o
>
u
2
3
%
3
I
1
2
3
Nanaimo
Cowichan.
Victoria
Clayoquot .
Albemi
Alert Bay
$
35,000
3,800
20,000
14,000
14,000
6,000
3,000
3,000
4,000
40
5
50
10
10
16
6
6
14
%
8,400
1,800
2,700
1,800
2,100
1,200
960
900
1,800
3,200
400
900
%
2,560
320
720
43
3
4,300
1,000
s
51,600
1,500
4
70
140
60
4
4
2
2
3
14
1,200
1,200
600
500
900
4,200
1,800
1,800
fi
900
Quathiaska
55
60
120
900
R
1,350
9
West Coast, Mainland
Totals
Values
3
450
360
6,300
157
361
1,305
48
4,950
75
13,900
102,800
21,660
3,960
66,150
Employees in Fisheries —
Fishermen, cannery and saltery employees.
On -vessels
Sailors and hunters in fur sealing —
White men
Indians
2,374
157
67
75
Total .
2,673
FISHERY INSPECTORS' REPORTS— BRITISH COLUMBIA , 2c5
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
DISTRICT No. 3.
Quantity and Value of all Fishing Material.s and other Fixtures used in the Fishing
Columbia, for the year 1909-10.
OR M.VTEKIALS.
Persons Employed in Canneries
and Salteries.
Other Fixtures used
i.v Fisheries.
Whole
Fishing
Gear.
Smelt Nets
Hand Lines.
Canneries.
Trails.
^and' i WhalinK
Fish Houses.! Stations.
1
3
3
?
S
3
>
u
Hi
s
3
^5
3
S
1
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"3
>
J
a
>
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3
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S
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0
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>
S
3
s
$
1,600
1
2.000
$
955 43
12 1
$
129,000
400
1
$
4,000
$
270,160
12,045
150,020
22,200
232,700
10,009
7,060
6,400
17,335
1
1
25
200
200 2' 4,000
1,400 2 5,000
400 2 4,200
400 1 2,400
500 1 2.006
«J»
8
12
120,000
30
8
18
12
10
8
4
1
2,000
2
210,000
5
6
400
350
1,575
1 1.800
7
2
3
800
2,800
8
1
500 - -
24
9
q
11
12
1,069
50
3
225
6,825
21,900 ....
i
120,000
135,000
250,000
728,520
338,500
Fur sealing—
Vessels (31
Boats and
Guns and
T<
>)
canoes,
equipmer
3tal . . .
2,780
16,000
1,085,800
Its
256
MARINE AND FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
Return showing the Kinds and Quantities of Fish and Fish Products
Districts.
1 Nanaimo.
2 Cowichan.
3 Victoria
4 Clayoquot
5 Alberni
G Alert Bay
7 Quathiaska
Comox
West Coast, Mainland
Totals.
Values.
224,000
27,000
469,000
26,400
28,800
6,500
5,800
7,000
10,500
805,000
64,400
1 =
57,418
7,607
28,635
500
94,160
612,040
500,400
263,000
2,278,000
1,568,600
51,000
48,500
82,500
39,500
525,500
5,357,000
535,700
55,600,000
55.600,000
486,500
Kinds of Fish
260,000
8,000
449,000
32,000
31,000
24,000
20,000
30,000
12,000
866,000
8,660
15,000
12,400
210,000
5,800
6,000
1,400
900
4,500
22,500
278,500
33,420
U
236,000
4,000
250,600
5,500
6,000
3,000
4,400
7,600
5,000
522,700
31,362
135,000
126,500
334,000
36,000
25,500
15,000
2,500
90,000
26,000
790,500
39,525
FISHERY INSPECTORS' REPORTS— BRITISH COLUMBIA
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
ill District No. 3, Province of British Columbia, for the Year 1909-10.
AND Fish Pkoducts.
teji
.J5
O 63
^1
J2
C« *
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■/£
XJ2
^
£
5".o
D
f-r*
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u
c
^■^
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cc
O
O
2,000
350
1,400
2,rm
1,300
400
3,000
55,000
1,890
485
2,500
55
900
2,000
85
1,280
1,350
2,200
85
200
700
1,600
65
180
3,801)
2,600
150
2,100
3,200
2,(X)0
64,700
90
800
18,700
3,170
10,345
1,870
6,470
15,850
10,345
40,000
2,000
38,000
11,500
16,000
9,500
9,000
9,800
9,000
Total Value
OF ALL Fish.
48,200
2,000
30,000
7,400
8,200
1,200
1,600
3,400
1,800
1,840,000
80,000
145,400 103,800' l,8J0,000l 80,000
7,270J 36,330i 15,640: 4,000
200
380
190
560
640]
210l
220
4i)0'
200
3,<XI0
.? Ct8.
017,770 00
43,014 00
731,90] 00
216,545 50
16,1.52 00
194,893 50
14,.560 00
15,7.56 00
2,100
1,911,482 00
Whale oil S22.3,630: 1 qi x o=,n nn
Wh.ale fertilizer 91,(;20 / -^^^'-^ '^
Abelonie.s and mussels 2|550 I = nc« ««
Shrimps and prawns 2,500/ o,{jo\) uv
Estimate of fish not included I .55,000 00
Fur seals 125,486 00
Otter skins ( 12,600 00
Gran 1 total ] 2,422,868 OC
00,800 00 9
22—17
258
MARINE AND FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
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FISHERY INSPECTORS' REPORTS— BRITISH COLUMBIA
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
RECAPITULATION
Of the Yield and Value of the Fisheries in District No. 3, of the Province
of British Columbia, for the season 1909-10.
Kinds of Fish.
Cod, fresh or f^reen Lbn.
Halibut
Salmon, preserved in cans Cases.
11 fresh or frozen Lbs.
11 smoked and salted i
Trout (all kinds) . . .
Smelts II
Oulachons h
Herring, salted Tons.
II fresh or frozen Lbs.
II smoked h
Oysters sacks, 125 lbs. each, j
Clams I M 11 I
Abelonies and mussels Lbs. i
Coarse and Mixed Fish
Shrimps and prawns • • • •
Hair Seal Skins . No. j
Otter Skins • i
Fur Seal Skins in B. C n j
Herring used as bait Tc>ns. I
Ei?timate of fish not included '
Fish Oil, of all kinds Galls. :
Whale Oil. Ton.s. j
II Fertilizer m 1
Total value for the year 1909-10
.522,700
790,000
94,160
805,000
5,357,000
18,700
64,700
80.000
27,800
866,000
278,500
3,170
10,345
145,400
3,000
18
3,742
920
S cts.
0 06
0 05
6 50
0 (J8
0 10
0 10
0 10
0 05
17 50
0 01
0 12
5 00
1 00
0 05
0 70
roo 00
33 00
17 00
103,800
4,066
3,054
0 35
Value.
$ cts.
31,362 00
39,525 00
612,040 00
64,400 00
535,700 00
1,870 00
6,470 00
4,000 fX>
486,.5*iO 00
8,6»W 00
3.S,4L'i» 00
15,8.")0 00
10. ,345 00
2,550 00
7,270 00
2,5(X) 00
2,100 00
12,600 00
123,486 Of)
1.5,640 00
55,000 00
36,330 00
223,250 00
91,620 00
2,422,488
^n
260
MARINE AND FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
RECAPITULATION
Of the Number and Value of Vessels, Boats, Nets, &c , and of the number
of Fishermen, &c., in District No. 3, British Columbia, for 1909-10.
Material.
Number.
Value.
Total
Value.
Vessels
35
361
18,850
21
11
50
3
32
102,800
21,660
70,110
120,225
6,825
21,900
135,000
250,000
338,500
2,780
16,000
$
Gill and Seine nets (fathoms)
Hand lines
Smoke and fish-houses . . .
Fur sealing—
728,520
357,280
1,085,800
Persons employed in the Fisheries — •
Fishermen in boats - 1,305
II on vessels 157
Persons employed in canneries and fish houses 1,069
2,531
Sailors and hunters in fur sealing —
White men 67
Indians 75
142
Total 2,073
FISHERY INSPECTORS' REPORTS— BRITISH COLUMBIA
261
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
BRITISH COLUMBIA SALMON PACK, DISTRICT No. 1, 1909-10.
CannerR.
B. C. Packer's Association
A. B. C. Packing Co., Ltd
J. H. Todd & Sons
Canadian Canning Co., Ltd
British Columbia Canning Co., Ltd.
Malcolm, Cannon & Co
St. Mungo Canning Co., Ltd
Northern Canning Co., Ltd
Kildala Packing Co., Ltd
Knight Inlet Canning Co., Ltd
Eunique Canning Co., Ltd
Glen Rose Canning Co., Ltd
Great West Packing Co., Ltd
Burrard Canning Co., Ltd
Eagle Harbour Canning Co., Ltd . .
M. UesBrisaj' & Co
Grand Total.
187,745
74,853
20,100
44,444
27,340
22,953
21,915
12,409
22,2S1
15,284
16,140
9,807
15,021
9,324
11,054
31,578
294
100
25
989
10
10
1,090
118
797
5,569
1,034
4,000
1,192
1,826
345
4,500
674
436
203
587
452
731
Totals.
193,608
75,987
24,100
46,726
29.166
23,441
27,404
13,083
22,717
16,063
16,343
9,807
15,599
9,334
11,506
32,319
667,203
262
MARINE AXD FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v.. A. 1911
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FISHERY INSPECTORS' REPORTS— BRITISH COLUMBIA 263
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
«C 3C c^ r: a. _-
t-H » « M M 5
005 05 :£ © CO
e^ :s o I oo
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264
MARINE AND FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
RECAPITULATION
Of the Yield and Value of the Fisheries of the whole of British Columbia for
the Year 1909-10.
Kinds of Fish.
Quantity.
Value.
Total Value.
Salmon, canned
993,060
4,290,690
348,500
13,009,000
1,170,000
21,706,000
58,146,000
303,700
860,000
18,000
314,700
212,600
1,082,700
10,000
500,000
342,900
6,337
10,345
1,950
•$ cts.
6,454,889 50
238,084 50
34,850 00
918,300 00
117,000 00
$ cts.
1. fresh and frozen
.1 smoked ...
II salted and dried
Lb.
II mild cured
7,763,724 00
1,085,325 00
Halibut
Herring, fresh and salted
511,960 00
35,940 CO
11 smoked
547,900 00
Oulachons, fresh and salted
43,000 00
1,800 00
II smoked
44,800 00
18 970 00
Smelts
Trout
21,260 00
Cod, fresh
64,962 00
Shad
500 00
Sturgeon
25 000 00
Mixed fish -.
17,145 00
Oysters .
.. .(125 !b.) Sacks.
30,935 00
Clams
10,345 00
9,360 00
11 canned
■ Cases.
Crabs, mussels, shrimps, &c . .
5,050 00
Fish not mentioned above
•
122,.500 00
.314,870 00
Whale product .
Fish oil
Fish guano
Galls.
Tons.
Lb.
No.
209,950
487
1,810,000
3,742
5,100
18
64,122 50
13,636 00
Fish used as bait
15,640 00
Fur, seal skins
Hair, seal skins
123.486 00
2,625 00
Sea otter skins
12,f00 00
Total for 1909-10
10,314,755 50
1908-09
6,465,038 00
Increase
3,849,717 50
FISHERY INSPECTORS' REPORTS— BRITISH COLUMBIA 261
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
RECAPITULATION
Of the Number and Value of Crafts and Fishing Materials in the whole of British
Columbia, for the Year 1909-10.
Description.
Fishing vessels and steamers.
M boats and scows
Fathoms of gill nets and seines.
Line^
Trap-nets
Salmon canneries, wharfs, &c .
Fish houses
Oil factories
Cold storage plants
Whaling stations
Fur Seal Fleet.
Vessels
Boats and canoes
Equipment, guns, &c.
Total .
Number.
141
.'),(i35
1,051,840
21
91
63
5
3
3
?2
Value.
Total value.
1,148,000 I
418,809
648,703
49,525
120,225
1,5«6,869
818,453
3,207,800
165,500
97,000
360,950
250,000
338,500
2,780
16,000
6,823,852
Number of Persons Employed in the Fisheries.
Men.
Number.
Total.
744
9,925
8,689
M boats - . .
Persons in canneries, &c
19,358
Seal hunters-
White men
67
75
Total
142
19,500
1 GEORGE V. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22 A. 1911
APPENDIX No. 13.
FISH BREEDING.
March 31, 1910.
To the Superintendent of Fisheries,
Ottawa.
Sir, — In submitting my annual report on the Fish Breeding Branch of the
Department of Marine and Fisheries for the fiscal year 1909-10, I am pleased to be
able to call attention to the fact that this service is still being extended in nearly all
quarters of the Dominion, and it is felt that beneficial results are derived from the
expenditure of public money in maintaining and increasing one of the many national
assets, viz. : the Fisheries.
The total number of fish breeding establishments at the close of the fiscal year
was 37, and the distribution of fry of the various species incubated numbered 1,024,-
282,000.
The hatcheries are located as follows: —
Nova Scotia —
Salmon 3
Lobster 2
New Brunswick —
Salmon •*>
Lobster 2
Prince Edward Island —
Salmon 1
Lobster 2
Quebec —
Salmon 2
Salmon Trout 4
Lobster 2
Ontario^
Whitefish 1
Salmon Trout 3
Pickerel 1
Bass Pond 1
Manitoba —
Whitefish 3
British Columbia —
Salmon ^
TOTAL OUTPUT FROM HATCHERIES.
The following table shows the various species of fish, and the total number of
each kind, respectively, hatched and successfully planted from the different establish-
monts operated by the department during the fiscal year 1909-10: —
267
268
MARINE AND FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) 15,969,500
British Columbia salmon 80,700,000
British Columbia trout 95,000
Speckled trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) 937,500
Sialmon trout (Salvelinus nam ay cush) 11,635,000
Grey trout (Orustivomer namaycush) 370,000
Pickerel or Dore (Stizotedion vitreum) 140,575,000
Lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeiformis) iil6,000,000
Lobster (Homarus americanus) 558,000,000
1,024,282,000
The following Table covers the distribution of the species incubated during the
past season.
Quantities of Fry of the different Species Distributed from the Various Hatcheries
during the Spring of 1909.
No.
Hatchery.
Ottawa, Ont
Newcastle, Ont
Sandwich, Ont
Wiarton, Ont
Sarnia, Ont
Magog, Que
Lake Tremblant, Que
Tadousac, Que
Gaspe, Que
St. Alexia, Que
Elestigouche, N.B . . . .
Miramichi, N.B
Grand Falls, N.B...
Shippigan, N.B
Shemogue, N.B
Bedford, N.S
Margaree, N.S
Windsor, N.S
Bay View, N.S
Canso, N.S
Kelly's Pond, P.E.I. .
Charlottetown, P.E.I
Georgetown, P.E.I. .
Selkirk, Man
Beren's River, Man . .
Eraser River, B.C. . . .
Granite Creek, B.C
Skeena River, B.C
Harrison Lake, B.C
Pemberton, B.C ...
Rivers Inlet, B.C..
Babine, B.C
Stuart Lake, B.C..
Nimpkish, B.C
Species of Fish.
Salmon trout. . . .
Speckled trout .
Pickerel
Atlantic salmon .
Salmon trout . . ,
Speckled trout . .
Whitefish
Salmon trout. . . .
Pickerel
Whitefish
Grey trout
Salmon trout. . . ,
Atlantic salmon.
Speckled trout . .
Salmon trout
Atlantic salmon.
Speckled trout . .
Atlantic salmon .
Speckled trout . .
Atlantic salmon.
Lobsters .
Atlantic salmon .
Si^eckled trout . .
Atlantic salmon .
Lobsters .
Atlantic salmon.
Lobsters
Whitefish
B. C. salmon . . . .
Atlantic salmon.
Speckled trout . .
B. C. salmon . . . .
B. C. trout
B. C. salmon . . .
Number
distributed.
66,
8,
140,
19.
V
I-IO.
85,
1,
80,
68,
.'53.
77.
9,
790,000
100,000
575,000
110,000
,845,000
36,000
,500,000
,100,000
,000,000
,.500,000
370,000
175,000
75,000
80,000
725,000
90,000
45,000
,800,000
,032,000
520,000
215,000
045,500
300,000
400,000
000,000
000,000
900,000
90,000
800,000
940,000
000,000
000,000
172,000
000,000
000,000
000,000
000,000
370,000
90,000
66,500
000,000
95,000
293,000
000,000
137,000
300,000
500,000
200,000
900,000
Total
distribution.
1,575,000
1,881.000
66,500,000
8,100,000
159,500,000
700,000
860,000
1,800,000
2,032,000
735,000
2,045,500
2,300,000
2,400,000
90,000,000
95,000,000
990,000
1,800,000
940,000
140,000,000
85,000,000
1,172,000
80,000,000
68,000,000
53,000,000
77,000,000
9,526,600
3,095,000
4,293,000
12,000,000
19,137,000
13,300,000
7,-500,000
7,200,000
4,900.000
1,024,282,000
/7.S7/ BREHDlSa 269
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
LOBSTERS.
The necessity and importance of protecting this crustacean is still the subject of
earnest consideration by the department, and not only is it receiving consideration,
but every effort has and is heing put fortli to protect and build up this fishery.
One of the recommendations of the Parliamentary Committee on Marine and
Fisheries was the extension of fish cultural operations, by means of additional hatch-
eries or the construction of ponds as conditions might warrant.
In this connection it may be stated that the last lobster hatcheries were erected,
one on the Bay Chalcur, at Port Daniel and the othor in the Gulf of St. Lawrence
on the Magdalen Islands. i
The work of these establishments has been satisfactory, but it is felt that an
improvement could be made in the present system of collecting the eggs from the
canneries.
Under existing arrangements the berried lobsters are taken to the canneries with
the ordinary catch and the eggs removed by one of the cannery staff and held until
the arrival of the hatchery collecting boat, and if unforeseen delays occur, as frequently
happens, it will be readily understood that the eggs are not in the best condition for
hatching purposes and, as eggs are none too plentiful, such as are obtained should
be safely guarded.
With this object in view the oflScer in charge of the Georgetown Hatchery sug-
gested the supplying of certain canneries with crates in which the berried lobsters could
be placed and the eggs carefully removed by one of the hatchery staff, and thus ensure
fresh and healthy eggs for incubation purposes.
Authority was given to experiment on this line and the results were beyond expec-
tations. The berried lobsters after the eggs were removed were returned to the canner
to whom they belonged.
This is where a good work fails in meeting its end. If the hatchery had not been
in this vicinity the canner would have violated the law by having a berried lobster in
his possession, and I would suggest that in future the canner and fishermen should
combine in assisting the department in its efforts to maintain a thriving lobster in-
dustry.
The department should supply the crates in which the berried lobsters should be
placed free of all charge to the canners and they should be government property. The
eggs would be removed and the lobster liberated with a chance of again reproducing
her species.
This system would entail no expenditure whatever on the canner or fisherman,
with the exception of the time occupied in placing the lobsters in the crate.
It is only by mutual assistance that such a work as this can be expected to yield
satisfactory results and the desired end is of such vast commercial importance that
with next season's operations the department hopes to have the hearty co-operation of
all those engaged in the lobster fishery.
HATCHERY SITES FOR FRESH WATER FISHES.
The selection of a proper location for a hatchery is a difficult and responsible
undertaking. There are so many details requiring consideration that it is only in a
few instances that nature provides all the requirements. It is an easy matter to erect a
hatchery building, but the question of supplying eggs for incubation purposes is much
more serious.
Hatcheries should be located within reasonable distance of the spawning beds, and
if possible where water can be secured by gravitation,, thus economizing in the main-
tenance of the establishment.
270 MARINE AND FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
Requests are often received for hatcheries where it is practically impossible to
secure eggs without drawing on distant localities, and where it would be much more
economical to supply fry from a general hatchery than to erect an establishment in a
district where the supply of eggs is doubtful.
DISTRIBUTION OF FRY.
In Canada fish breeding has made great strides, and it is in the interests of the
service that everything possible should be done to improve the details of the work, and
with this object in view I would suggest a change in the present system of the distribu-
tion of fry.
Under existing conditions the whole output of fry from the Ottawa hatchery is put
out on application, and the system is rapidly extending to other establishments.
It has been customary to endeavour to satisfy all applicants, but owing to the large
and ever increasing number of applications, it has only been i>ossible to supply small
quantities to each one, with the result that it takes a very long time for any benefit to
become apparent, and in addition to this the expenditure on a small shipment is practi-
cally equivalent to that on a large one.
I would therefore suggest that applications be done away with and the stocking of
waters be taken up in a systematic way by localities.
The most important bodies of public waters should be inspected by an officer of
the department, and the species of fish indigenous to such waters, or such other species
as are reported as likely to thrive should be supplied.
This change would, I feel safe in saying from personal experience, be more satis-
factory and yieled better results than the system now in vogue.
THE PRAIRIE PROVINCES.
The most important waters at this time in these provinces from a commercial fish-
ing standpoint is Lake Winnipeg on which two whitefish hatcheries are located. They
are doing good work, although owing to climatic conditions it is during some seasons a
hazardous and difficult matter to collect a sufficient quantity of eggs before the lake
freezes up.
The question of stocking the smaller lakes of these provinces with fish life is one
for the department to consider.
It has become already, judging from the large correspondence, a burning question
with the cosmopolitan people settling on these western lands, and to whom cheap fish
is a necessity.
Unfortunately, many of the smaller lakes either dry up altogether or become so
shallow that the high temperature of the water will only admit the coarser speceis of
fish to exist.
Considerale assistance in the direction desired could be attained by the settlers
transferring mature fish, such as pike or pickerel, from one lake to another in such
numbers as to ensure re-stocking and by protection enable these fish to reproduce their
species.
Another suggestion is the establishment of cheaply constructed subsidiary hatch-
eries to which eggs of certain species could be transferred in the eyed stage and the fry
distributed in the adjoining lakes.
Of course subsidiary hatcheries must be located on such central bodies of water as
would admit of an expeditious planting of the fry.
It is not possible to transfer young and delicate fry from the eastern hatcheries
to western waters without a specially equipped car and even then the risk is great and
the cost high.
FISH BKEEDIXG 271
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
BRITISH COLUMBIA.
In this province the extension of the service has been rapid and the results ob-
tained have been most satisfactory.
On my inspection tour I was pleased to note that the ponds and troughs at the
different establishments were teeming with strong healthy fry, in fact, it seemed hardly
possible that artificial means could meet with such success.
A great deal is written on the results attained from this service but the millions
of young fish turned loose from these institutions must have their bearing on the
annual supply of salmon in this province.
In this connection it may be pointed out that streams unfrequented by sockeye
previous to the planting of fry therein from the hatcheries are now receiving their
annual return of mature fish.
These are unassailable facts and are only small instances of the success of govern-
ment work in this direction.
I have noticed it stated that the spawning grovmds are more to be depended on to
produce certain results tlian the hatcheries. Any one acquainted with the salmon
spawning grounds of British Columbia knows perfectly well that such a statement has
no foundation on facts.
The strong instincts of the sockeye salmon lead them to the extreme heads of the
various rivers they ascend where they spawn in very shallow water, the water recedes,
the eggs are left high and dry, and are thus entirely lost.
Again, the spa\vning areas of the upper streams are limited, the fish are thus
crowded and only a small percentage of the eggs hatch, as so many fish spawn on prac-
tically the same spot the eggs deposited are continually disturbed for weeks, are thus
injured and die in millions.
I have seen masses of dead eggs on the beds of the creeks covered with a fungus
growth in such a way that it would be absolutely impossible for any eggs to survive.
In fact the water in the whole stream was so contaminated with dead fish that there
could be no hope for the smallest percentage of eggs in such a condition to hatch.
Such eggs as escape the early vicissitudes are subject in the spring to raging
freshets which wash away many of the eggs that have by that time almost reached the
hatching period.
In the hatchery the eggs are not exposed to such dangers, consequently eighty per
cent is an ordinary hatch, and the result is a distribution of free-swimming fish which,
when they enter the main rivers on their descent to the sea, have attained a fair size
and have been protected from the perils which have befallen their naturally hatched
brothers.
OFFICERS IN CHARGE OF THE HATCHERIES.
The responsibility for the successful management of a fish hatchery must rest
largely on the officer in charge, hence he must be reliable, resourceful and ever on the
alert to grasp conditions and apply the same towards increasing the successfulness of
the work placed in his hands.
There is always something new to learn in fish culture and whilst the Canadian
scfvice is assuming large proportions the details are not perfect, and to these officers
the department must look for suggestions to reach perfection.
It is therefore necessary that wherever possible new hatcheries should be officered
by promotion in the service, and I am glad to say the necessity for this system has
been appreciated by the department and the results so far have proven the wisdom of
its adoption.
A change in this respect is recommended in connection with the lobster hatcheries,
and wlnVh undfr existing conditions provide for m j>er dieni rate of pny to the officer
272 MARINE AND FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
in charge for such period as operations are conducted. This period covers about two
months in the spring of each year and consequently holds the oflScers interest for that
period only.
This is not sufficient and a fish-breeding officer to be a success must improve his
mind in the direction of his calling all the time, consequently it is necessary that these
officers should be chosen for their fitness to perform the work required and be in receipt
of an annual salary.
All the hatcheries were last season worked with great success with the exception
of that located at Sarnia on Lake Huron, which, owing to the limited quantity of
whitefish eggs collected, was not operated.
This hatchery was established for the purpose of hatching pickerel, but has been
operated as a whitefish hatchery when more eggs have been collected than the regular
whitefish hatcheries on the Detroit river could accommodate.
The Inspector of Hatcheries reports the officers in charge as being zealous in the
discharge of their duties and using their best efforts towards attaining the best results.
The attached statement shows the last and previous seasons' work of the hatcheries
comprising the fish breeding service of Canada.
Some of the following reports from the officers in charge of the respective hatch-
eries are of unusual interest this year and are well worthy of perusal, and show, in
addition to special features of the work, the practical details required to operate a
hatchery successfully.
I am very pleased to state that last season was a successful one at the institu-
tions, and the total distribution of fry from each establishment is covered by the fol-
lowing table: —
FIh>H BREEDING
273
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
Quantities of Fry of the different Species Distributed from the Various Ilatcheriea
during the Spring of 1909.
No,
Hatchery.
Species of Fish.
Number
distributed.
Total
distribution.
12
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
26
26
27
28
29
30
31
Ottawa, Out.
Newcastle, Ont.
Sandwich, Ont. .
Wiarton, Ont . .
Sarnia, Ont
Magog, P.Q. . . .
Lac Tremblant, P.Q.
Tadoussac, P.Q. . .
Gaspe, P. Q
Lake Lester, P.Q.
St. Alexis, P.Q...
Restigouche, N.B.
Miramichi, N.B.
Grand Falls, N.B.
15 Shippigan, N.B
16 Sheinogue, N.B.
17 Bedford, N.S...
Windsor, N.S
Margaree, N.S
Bay View, N.S . ..
Canso, N.S . . .^ . . . .
Kelly's Pond, P.E.I.
Charlottetown, P.E.I.
Fraser River, B.C
Salmon truut. . . .
S|)eckle(l trout. . .
Pickerel
Atlantic salmon .
Salmon trout . . . .
Speckled trout.. .
Whitetish
Salmon trout . . .
Pickerel white. . .
Grey trout . .
Atlantic salmon.
S[)eckled trout. . .
Sain. on trout. . . .
Speckled trout . . .
Atlantic salmon, .
Speckled trout .
Atlantic salmon. .
Ouananiche
Salmon trout. . . .
Whitefish
Altantic salmon. .
Salmon trout. . . .
Atlantic salmon.
Salmon trout.
Lobsters
Atlantic salmon.
Speckled trout. .
Atlantic salmon.
Lobsters .
Granite Creek, B.C.
Skeena River, B.C..
Harrison Lake, B.C.
Pemberton, B.C
Rivers Inlet, B.C ..
Babine, B.C
Stuart Lake, B.C. ..
Atlantic salmon
Salmon trout
Lobsters
British Columbia salmon.
Atlantic salmon
Speckled trout
British Columbia salmon.
32 iNimpkish, B.C.
790'000
100,000
57.5,000
110,000
1,845,000
36,000
66,500,000
8,100,000
140,000,100
19,500,000
75,000
80,000
600,000
75,000
50,000
3,000,000
1,962,000
.5.5,900
432,000
70,000
50.000
40.000
125.000
1,17.5.000
90,000
1,325,000
1,4.50,000
."0,000
70,000,000
90.000,000
290.000
49,000
8.50,000
1,-570,000
127,000,000
85,000,000
900,000
.50,000
6.3,000,000
10,315,000
90,000
30,000
6,740.000
4,284,000
22.248.000
19,600.000
12,300,000
4,662,000
2,442,000
4,800,000
1,575,000
1,881,000
66.500,000
8,100,000
159,500,000
510,000
1,210,000
725,000
3,000,000
1,962,000
55,000
717,000
1,265,000
1,32.5,000
1,500,000
70,000,000
95,000,000
339.000
850,000
1.570.000
127,000,000
85,000,000
950, OqO
63,000,060
20,435.000
.6,740.000
4,284.000
22.248.000
19.600.000
12,300.000
4,663,000
2,442,000
4,800,000
682,545,000
22—13
274
MARINE AND FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
FISH
Statement showing the Places where and the years in which the Dominion Fish Hatch
annually since the commencement of
c
Year.
Ontario.
Quebec.
a
Newcastle.
Fry.
1,070,000
3.50,000
650,000
700,000
1,300,000
2,605,000
2,602,700
1,923,000
3,300,000
4,841,000
6,053,000
8,800,000
5,700,000
6,451,000
5,130,000
8,076,000
5,846,500
7,736,000
7,807,500
4,823,000
9,835,000
6,000,000
6,000,000
5,2o0,000
4,200,000
4,325,000
4,050,000
.5,175,000
5,900,000
650,000
2,500,000
1,475,000
1,480,000
1,550,000
1,807,000
2,600,000
1,881,000
Sandwich.
Fry.
Ottawa.
Fry.
Wiarton.
Sarnia.
Magog.
Fry.
Tadousac.
1
1868-73....
1874
1875
1876
1877
1878
1879
1880
1881
1882
1883
1884
1885
1886
1887
1888
1889
1890
1891
1892
1893
Fry.
Fry.
Fry.
2
3
60,000
4
8,000,000
8,000,000
20,000,000
12,000,000
13,500,000
16,000,000
44,000,000
72,000,000
37,000,000
68,000,000
57,000,000
56,. 500, 000
.56,000,000
21,000,000
52,000,000
75,000,000
44,500,000
68,000,000
47,000,000
73,000,000
61,000,000
72,000,000
71,000,000
73,000,000
90,000,000
67,000,000
100,000,000
90,000,000
75,000,000
106,000,000
88,000,000
103,000,000
79,000,000
66,500,000
150,000
5
1,180,000
6
707,000
7
1,250,000
8
1,155,000
9
200,000
975,000
250,000
100,000
300,000
1,400,000
675,000
3,475,000
2,800,000
2,875,000
3,0.50,000
2.400,000
3,600,000
2,035,000
3,350,000
3,400,000
4,.500,000
3,100,000
3,098,000
3,099,000
3,135,000
935,000
885,000
283,000
1,098,000
875,000
1,210,000
1,210,000
700,000
334,000
10
660,000
n
995,000
12
985,000
13
720,000
u
1,627,000
15
900,000
Ifi
»
850,000
17
1,600,000
18
5,732,000
7,043,000
4,909,000
0,208,000
4,480,000
3,210,000
3,950,000
4,100,000
3,020,000
3,700,000
3,450,000
3,410,000
1,245,000
1,201,000
877,000
1,103,000
1,123,000
1,552,000
2,010,000
1,575,000
1,700,000
19
1,300,000
20
21
024,000
2,060,000
22 1894
1,975,000
23;1895
2,060,000
24 1896
2,500,000
25
1897
1898
1839
1900
1901
1902
1903
1904
1905
1906
1907
1908...,-...
1909
Total...
3,272,000
2fi
2,200,000
27
2,125,000
5>8
1,400,000
29
2,960,000
30
2,730,000
31
1,625,000
32
2,615,000
33
1,550,000
34
2,435,000
35
36
37
'4,955,666'
8,100,000
13,05.5,000
" 51,000,666
159,500,000
3,360,000
3,000,000
1,800,000
150,392,700
1,990,000,000
63,898,000
210,500,000
55,013,000
56,434,000
FlSn BREEDING
275
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
BREF.DVNC:.
eries have been erected; also the number of Fry distributed from each Establishment
operations, including the year 1909.
Q,VKBKC— Continued.
New Brunswick.
Gaspe.
St. Alexis
desMonts.
Mont-
Tremblant
Lake
Lester.
Risti-
gouche.
Miramichi.
St. John
River.
Lobster
Hatchery,
Sheiiiogue.
Lobster
Hatchery,
Shippigan.
2>
s
s
Fry.
Fry.
Fry.
Fry.
Fry.
Fry.
Fry.
Fry.
Fry.
1
100,000
600,000
300,000
600,000
1,015,000
1,470,000
1,500,000
740,000
1,400,000
60,000
150,000
60,000
320,000
665,000
1,025,000
805,000
770,000
640,000
925,000
795,000
900,000
945,000
900.000
2
110,000
3
50,000
4
1,051,000
Si
650,000
8
1,597,000
7
730,000
'170.600
50,000
5S8,000
72,(>00
811,000
155,000
2,18l,rx)0
2,47it.iMMJ
4. 142. (KM 1
3,57u,o0(J
3,492.000
3,1(55,000
2,378.(M»0
3, 2H! 1.0(H)
4,090,000
4,000,000
4,068,000
4,155,000
3,29(1,000
3,980.000
.3,957,000
8
500,000
q
530,000
...
10
520,000
300,000
11
859,000
940,003
660,000
1,-380,000
1,500,000
^'>
290,000
576,000
630,000
'.'..
••
13
11
15
800,000
1,720,000' 1,290,000
1,280,000 850.000
16
450,000
17
806,000
1,000.000
2,396,000 1,022,000
1,750,000 1,.-)03,0IX)
1,240,000 1,310,000
8S.3,0()()' 975 {M»)
18
19
96.1,000
1
'Kt
910,000
21
850,000
675,000
1
1,080,000
2,885,000
1,250,000
2,100,000
1,135,000
2,02.5,000
1,125,000
1,750,000
2,310,000
2,052,000
2,52.5,000
2,3.33,000
1,020,000
2,139,000
1,205,000
2,045,5(X)
1,010,000
1,200,000
1,430,000
1,558,000
1,-557,000
1,605,000
1,620,000
1.800,000
1,700,0(J0
l,000,OiM)
i,r>*)0,*m
1,400,000
1,650,000
1,675,000
1,32.5,000
2,300,000
22
I";;::"
23
300,000
1 1
24
1,100,000
25
9fi
97
1
?H
:::::::"i:;--^'-;
3,(i05,(M>0
, 998,00<J
(i48 000 1 ~ non ono
0()
734,000
830.000
1,520,000
1,100,000
1,100,000
1,175,000
1,002,000
2, (132, (Mil)
26,402,000
30
31
125,000
298, WO
493.000
070,000
717,0<»0
735,(H)(»
3,042,000
.570,000
5.5 1,000
04.',(K)0
72."). (XK)
8('>(J,(XiO
" 55^666
55,000
9ii!t,000
807.000
1,:150.0<M>
1,305,000
1,500.000
2,400,(XMJ
52,00o.0fX)
1(m;»,000,000
122.000,000
12(!,000,000
95,000,000
9.5,(KH»,0(KI
.50,000,000
100,000,000
70,(X)0,(X)0
SO. o(H 1,000
7(\IKHI.(MM)
<tO,(M.M(,0(M)
32
33
34
35
30
37
3,352.000
51,413,500
40,240,000' 67,741,200 607,000,000
1 i
400,000,000
*Lake Lester Rearing Ponds, established in 1904, distribution of Fry nominal. Fish being distributed
'""ingerlings and Yearlings.
22— 18i
276
MARINE AND FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
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FI8U BREEDING 279
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
All the oflBcers connected with the fish culture have been indefatigable in their
endeavours to make the past season a success, and it is satisfactory to note that the
desired ends have been achieved,
I have the honour to be, sir,
Your obedient servant,
F. II. CUNNINGHAM,
Superintendent of Fish Culture.
BEDFORD FISH HATCHERY.
F. H. Cunningham, Esq., Bedford, N.S., March 31. 1910.
Superintendent of Fish Culture,
Ottawa.
Sir, — I beg to submit my annual report of operations at the Bedford Hatchery
for the fiscal year ending on this date.
About one million salmon eggs and one hundred thousand speckled trout egga
were laid down in the troughs in November, 1908. Of that number, 900,000 salmon
and 90,000 trout were hatched and distributed in good condition in the following named
waters, the water being at a temperature of 40 degrees to 45 degrees F., commencing
on May 17, last: —
SALMON.
Bear river, Annapolis county, N.S 80,000
Indian river, Guysborough county, N.S 40,000
St. Mary's river, Guysborough county, N.S 40,000
West river, Antigonish county, N.S 100,000
Molega lake, Lunenburg county, N.S 40,000
Pleasant river, Queen's county, N.S 30,000
Shubcnacadie river, Hants county, N.S 100,000
Penant river, Halifax county, N.S 80,000
Indian river, Halifax county, N.S 150,000
Nine Mile river, Halifax county, N.S 120,000
Sackville river, Halifax county, N.S 120,000
Total 900,000
SPECKLED TROUT.
Lake Annis, Yarmouth county, N.S 7,000
Phiuney's Pond, Annapolis county, N.S 2,000
Bear river, " " 7,000
Banks lake " " 7.000
Trout lake " " 7,000
Mersey river, " " 7,000
Ilardwick lake, " " 7,000
Angus lake, Pictou county, N.S 7,000
Rosoway lake, Shelburne county, N.S 10.000
Hatchet lake, Halifax county, N.S 10.000
North river, Kings county, N.S 5.000
Annapolis river. Kings county, N.S 5,000
Coruwallis river, Kings county, N.S 5.000
Williams lake (East), Halifax county, N.S 1.000
Williams lake (South), Halifax county. N.S 1,000
Total 90,000
280 MARINE AND FISBEIilES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
On November 1, 1909, I procured at the Little river retaining pond, St. John,
N.B., 1,300,000 salmon eggs; from Phinney's Pond, Annapolis county, 50,000 speckled
trout eggs, and on December 22, from Ottawa hatchery, 100,00 speckled trout eggs,
all of which were in splendid condition.
The temperature of the water in hatchery on November 1 was 44° P., which gradu-
ally fell to 32° on December 10, and remained stationary until January 15, when it rose
to 38°. At that time all eggs in the hatchery were fully eyed.
On Janiiary 26, the trout commenced to hatch at a temperature of 38°, and from
that date until !March 28, the temperature has varied from 38° to 33°, when it rose to
38°, and at this date is 40°.
All eggs in the troughs are now hatched, and should the weather continue mild,,
distribution will commence at an early date.
Fully ninety per cent of the trout eggs have hatched, the number of sterile eggs
being less than any year previous.
Of the salmon eggs, there will be about ten per cent sterile.
During the fishing season of 1909, there was an increase of salmon caught in the
Bedford Basin, by net fishermen, of about one hundred per cent over last year.
Although large quantities of salmon ascend the Sackville river during the months
of June and July, when the water is high enough to permit their assent, but few are
caught by sportsmen.
There are no deep shaded pools for the fish to lie in, and the temperature of the
water is at times up to 70°.
In May, many thousands of young salmon (smelt) from 5i inches to 8 inches in
length, descend the river, remaining a few days in the brackish water, when they pro-
ceed to sea, nothing is known of their life at sea or until they return to their native
rivers again, but their growth is very rapid while in the salt water.
Some applicants for salmon fry have an idea that they remain in the rivers and
lakes where they are planted until they are full grown fish, and some persons have
requested me to plant fry in brackish water where they have seen the smelt and mature
fish.
Care has been taken to plant the fry in the most suitable waters: viz., small
shallow running streams not frequented by larger fish, that do not dry up in summer^
and good results are seen in all the rivers that have been stocked from this hatchery^
I am, sir,
Your obedieHt servant,
ALPKED OGDEN,
Officer in Charge.
MAEGAEEE HATCHERY, N.S.
N. E. Margaree, N.S., March 31, 1910.
P. H. Cunningham, Esq.,
Superintendent of Pish Culture,
Ottawa.
Sir, — I have the honour to submit the annual report of the fish-cultural operations
prosecuted at the Margaree hatchery during the fiscal year ended March 31, 1910.
When I last reported, one year ago, the salmon ova were in the hatching stage, the
process being completed about April 15. The resultant fry, 1,800,000, were in splendid
condition, healthy in appearance, and vigorous in action. The temperature of the
water during this stage averaged 46° P. Distribution took place during the last week
FISU BREEDIXG 281
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
of May and the first two weeks in June. Particular care was exercised to have the fry
liberated in streams where the most good would result; when possible, planting them in
the small tributaries at the head waters of the rivers. This meant extra work, but
placing them on or near the natural spawning grounds should yield better results.
They were liberated in excellent condition, under the special supervision of the assistant
officer or myself, in the following waters, viz. : —
DISTRIBUTION OF SALMON IU\.
Murray's Margaree river, Inverness county 100.000
Black Eock " " 75,000
Big Intervale " " 150,000
Tingley's " " 50.000
Levis " " 70,000
Greig's " " 75,000
Hatchery " " 50,000
Crowdis Bridge " " 100,000
Cranton Bridge " " 75,000
Shear Dam " " 75,000
N. E. Margaree " " 130,000
Eossville " " 100,000
S. W. Margaree " '*' 25,000
Big Brook " " 75,000
Harvard Lakes " " 75,000
Fiset Brook, Cheticainp " 150,000
Prairie Brook " " 150,000
Little river " " 100,000
Middle river, Victoria county 100,000
Baddeck river " 75,000
Total 1,800,000
Between Xovember 11 and 25, 2,100,000 ova were placed in the incubation
troughs from the Margaree retaining pond. Several trays of the first lot were not in
as good condition as wo would desire. The eggs of the third and last lot were in ex-
cellent condition. The percentage of loss on this lot, during the period of incubation,
to date, amounts to practically nothing. The ova as a whole at present are in firsc
class condition. The temperature of the water, from November to date, averaged 40°.F.
Hatching commenced on the 20th inst., but will not be completed until about the usual
date, April 15. If nothing happens they should produce a large output of iry.
The Margaree river had a good run of salmon the past season. It is visited annu-
ally by a large number of tourists, the majority of them being fly fishermen. It was
not uncommon for novices with the rod, to capture from one to four salmon. The
tourist fishermen is convinced that these results are largely due to its waters, being
from year to year artificially stocked with salmon-fry from this hatchery. During the
past year I have received testimony from different parties to the benefits of planting
fry, incubated and hatched, here. Parties present when fry were being planted at the
end of the long trip, expressed pleasure at the healthy and vigorous character of the
fry, and judging from the numerou'^ applications for fry that are made, it is evident
that the work is regarded by the public as of the greatest utility.
All of which is respectfully submitted.
I am, sir, your obedient servant,
A. G. CARMICHAEL,
Officer in charge.
282 MARINE AND FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
WINDSOR HATCHERY.
Windsor, N.S., March 31, 1910.
F. H. Cunningham^ Esq.,
Superintendent of Fish Culture,
Ottawa.
Sir, — I beg to submit my fourth annual report of the operations conducted at
the Windsor Hatchery. The ova were a little later hatching this season, however
distribution began May 26, 1909. Out of the 1,040,000 ova laid down, 940,000 healthy
fry were released in the following waters: —
Avon river, Hants county 300,000
" " (West Branch) 50,000
Meander river, Hants county 200,000
Kennetcook river, Hants county 50,000
Cornwallis river and Aylesford lake, Kings county 20,000
Cornwallis river, Kings county 50,000
Gaspereau river. Kings county 35,000
Annapolis river, Kings county 50,000
Pearl lake, Yarmouth county 65,000
Hoopers lake, Yarmouth county 100,000
Canard river. Kings county 20,000
Total 940,000
On November 4, 1909, I went to Miramichi retaining pond and on the 10th re-
turned with 1,010,000 salmon ova. The same were laid down in hatchery in good
condition. The temperature of the water on March 14, 1910, was 36 degrees, but
before the end of March the ova were starting to hatch.
More salmon were caught in the Avon river last season than ixi any other pre-
vious year. Salmon are also running in quite large numbers in all the tributaries
of the Avon.
I have the honour to be, sir.
Your obedient servant,
FRANK BURGESS,
Officer in Charge.
BAY VIEW HATCHERY.
Bay View, N.S., March 31, 1910.
F. II. Cunningham^ Esq.,
Superintendent of Fish Culture,
Ottawa.
Sir, — I beg to submit my report of the operations at this establishment during
the season of 1909.
The first lot of eggs reached the hatchery on May 8, and the work of collection
continued without any unusual occurrence all through the fishing season. The result
of the operations was a distribution of one hundred and forty millions of young
lobsters. These lobsters were released in the vicinity of Pictou island, Gull Rock,
and in the bay outside of Carribou and Pictou harbours. The eggs were received
in good condition and the operations were very successful.
I have the honour to be, sir,
Your obedient servant,
w. H. McLaren,
Officer in charge.
FISU BREEDIXG 283
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
CANSO HATCHERY.
Canso, N.S., March 31, 1910.
F. H. Cunningham, Esq.,
Superintendent of Fish Culture,
Ottawa.
Sir, — I have the honour to submit my annual report on the operations at this
hatchery during the season of 1909-10, and beg to say that on April 2G, 1909, I opened
the hatchery to get ready for the season's work. On this date also Mr Brunell arrivedto
superintend the extension to the wharf and to test the capacity of the boiler and salt
water supply. I may say that the extension to the wharf, enabling us to extend the salt
water pipe farther out, proved very satisfactory this season. We were never bothered
with moss or sea-grass as in previous years; the muddy water during a storm we cannot
avoid.
On May 10, we started the pump with five million eggs in the jars.
Owing to the roughness of the season and the unfavourable condition of the wea-
the for lobster fishing, we found it difficult to collect eggs enough to fill all our jars.
However, we collected 97 millions by the last of June.
On July 2, Inspector Finlayson visited our hatchery and expressed himself as well
pleased with the condition of the eggs. About this time the first young lobsters
appeared in the tanks and during the remaining part of the months they hatched out
very rapidly and with great success.
We distributed during the month 85 million healthy young fry around Tor bay.
White Head, Dover, Canso, Queensport, Arichat and Guysboro^ the SS. Thirty-three
doing good service.
We distributed the last of the young lobsters on July 30, and immediately got our
boiler ready for inspection as I was notified by Mr. Currie that he would be here on
August 2 to test our boiler; he did not get here, however, until the 8th, and after
overhauling the boiler concluded it did not need testing this year, and did not put any
pressure on it.
On the 11th, leaving everything clean and well painted, we closed.
All of which is respectfully submitted.
I have the honour to be, sir.
Your obedient servant,
JAMES MEAGHER,
Officer in charge.
RESTIGOUCHE HATCHERY.
Flatlands, near Campbellton, March 31, 1910.
F. H. Cunningham, Esq.,
Superintendent of Fish Culture,
Ottawa.
Sir, — I have much pleasure in submitting to you my annual report in connection
with the management and operation of the Restigouche hatchery, as conducted during
the past year.
Some two million, five thousand, five hundred salmon fry were successfully
liatched from the crop of eggs previously collected from the parent fish confined at
Tide Head pond. Th<? fry began to burst the shell about the usual time, May 15, and
all were hatched by June 1. after which they were held in the hatchery trays for some
three weeks before distribution began.
284 MARINE AND FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 19 i1
DISTRIBUTION OF FRY.
June 18. — Deposited in Lake Chickchock, Rimouski county. 30,000
" 29. — Deposited in Indian L., River du Loup 24,000
" 25. — Deposited by scow to Great Falls, Upsalquitch
river, 22 miles above hatchery 300,000
'' 28. — By scow to Long Lookum, Upsalquitch river,
29 miles above hatchery 300,000
July 1. — By scow to Slide, Restigouche river, 37^ miles
above hatchery 300,000
" 5. — ^By scow to Red Bank, Restigouche river, 51
miles above hatchery 300,000
" 10. — By scow to Trotting Ground, Restigouche river,
51 miles above hatchery ; 300,000
" 17. — By scow to Downes' Gulch, Restigouche river, 55
miles above hatchery 300,000
" 21. — By rail to Causapscal, Matapedia river 55,000
" 23. — By rail to Assametquaghan, Matapedia river. . 56,500
" 24. — Held over in ponds and tanks at hatchery and
artificially fed through summer 40,000
Total *". 2,005,500
The fingerling fish which were held over summer in the pond and tanks were liber
ated in the autumn and planted as follows : —
Sept. 20 — Matapedia river at Millstream 20,000
" 23 — White's brook, tributary of Restigouche river. . . . 12,000
" 25 — Restigouche river at hatchery 8,000
Total 40,000
The work of distributing the fry was most successfully carried o\it and the distri-
bution as conducted by the system of horses and tow boats is a most unique and suc-
cessful method. The two crates, containing some 300,000 fry, are 27 feet long by 2 feet
wide. These contain 24 galvanized pans 2 feet square by 12 inches deep, both ends
being perforated. These pans are placed inside the crates, each pan containing 12,500
fry. The intake of fresh water from the river is constantly flowing over the fry, keep-
ing them on the move, and by natural instinct heading the current while they are
being towed to their destination. There is no commotion or change in the water, con-
sequently no harm or injurious effects can come to the fry. The two crates are made
fast to an ordinary tow boat, which is drawn up the river by two or three horses at the
rate of 15 or 20 miles per day. This distribution barge, with its cargo of hundreds
of thousands of healthy tiny fish, makes several trips far up towards the heads of the
rivers each season, covering some hundreds of miles of territory, and is a beautiful
sight to see as they are being towed along and greatly admired by the numerous sports-
men and anglers on the river. When the barge has reached its destination, where the
fry are to be planted, slides and scupper holes are opened up and the fry allowed to
gradually drop out as they are being towed along. It is the most perfect method of
distribution in existence.
GOVERNMENT TRAP NET.
Operations and re-construction of the po«d at Tide Head and setting of govern-
ment trap net began on the 15th of May. The Messrs. McBeath and Sheals' licensed
nets were worked as usual as an aid to the government not.
FISH BREEDING
285
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
The following schedule shows the number of days this trap net was fished:-
-
Net Set in
Fishing Order.
Nets Rai.sed in
Close Time.
X<ts Kaist <1 (Jwing
to Hi«h Water.
Nets Carried Away
by High Water.
Re-Set.
June
i) & 10
34 & 15
16 & 17
18 & 22
23 & 24
25 & 20
30
1 & 2
5 & ti
7 & 8
9 & 12
13 & 14
15 & k;
21 & 22
23
26 & 27
28 & 2J
30
33 days.
12
lo
19
20
2r.
27
;i
4
10
11
11
21
28
II
11
2Gth June.
27 and 28.
July."..'." ."..■.;;;;.
Re-.set 29.
1,
II
II
17 Jt 18
2»
2")
19
20
"
1,
II
II
Total
15
5
It will be observed the net only fished 33 days, 15 days close time, net lifted, and
6 days high water; part of the net carried away during this time. It was immediately
re-set on June 29, as soon as freshet subsided.
The net was successful in capturing some 385 very fine stock fish. These were
safely retained in the pond at Tide Head through the summer, during which time sev-
eral very high freshets occurred, bringing down drift logs and all kinds of debris
against the booms and lattice work enclosing the pond, but no serious damage was
done and no fish were lost.
SPAWNING OPERATIONS.
Spawning operations began on the 19th of October; 398 fish were found in the
pond and manipulated, yielding 1,700,000 eggs. Stripping of the fish was completed
on the 7th of November, and the eggs safely deposited in the nursery trays in the
hatchery. The above quantity of eggs from the native Restigouche salmon were sup-
plemented by a small shipment of 300,000 from the Little river pond. St. John, N.B.,
making a grand total of 2,000,000 eggs laid down in the Restigouche hatchery last
autumn. These have kept through the winter in splendid condition and in a few weeks
will begin to burst the shell, which is somewhat in advance of former years, owing lo
the exceptionally mild winter, the temperature of the water standing at about 33 degrees
Fahr. The embryo has developed more rapidly and the fry are likely to be ready for
distribution a few weeks earlier than usual.
It will be observed that there were thirteen fish taken from the pond in excess of
the number supposed to have been put in. This can only be accounted for by reason
of a large catch lieing made occasionally and in some instances when depositing the
fish in the retaining pond two or throe shoot out of the pontoon at the same time.
The water being dark it is sometims very difficult to get the correct account.
GENERAL REMARKS.
There is ample evidence on every hand, substantiated by real facts, proving the
benefits of fish culture as carried on in this section of the country.
286 MARINE AXD FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
Four years ago a small shipment of two cans of salmon fry were planted in Black
lake, 8 miles from Campbellton. It is only a small lake a mile long by half a mile
wide. The conditions are favourable with very deep water. Last summer quite a
number of young salmon were caught with the fly in the lake averaging from 3 to 4
pounds in weight. I examined some of them and found the ovum in the female quite
well developed, and these fish would have reproduced their species for the first time
this autumn, 1910. The organs of the male fish develop at a much younger age; in
fact the male smolt is quite well developed at two years old.
Most encouraging reports come from all over the country where fry have been
planted in both lakes and rivers. A large number of the miniature fish have been
caught from one to three years old.
The first run of early June fish ascended the rivers last year while in flood and
before many of the nets could be 8e,t out, consequently the first school escaped both
netters and anglers, and got far up to the head waters of the rivers. These very early
spring fish usually travel quite close to the shore and at about 12 miles in the 24 hours.
They pay little or no attention to a fly hook, but rather seem bent on rushing through
the river and up to the upper pools and head waters as rapidly as possible.
The anglers had' fine sport last year. Some good scores were made and they feel
jubilant over the outlook and bright prospects for the Restigouche river, and say all
eiforts will be used to make it the grandest angling river in the world.
Many of the anglers and others who at one time held sceptical views and were
rather opposed to the work of artificial fioh culture, are now anxious to have the capa-
city of the hatchery increased so that five or six millions of fry can be turned into the
rivers annually, instead of about two millions at the present time.
A most perfect system of guardianship prevails on the Restigouche river at the
present time. The river is patrolled day and night, the pay-roll often reaching $2,500
per month. The anglers' records have been increasing from year to year. They and
the general public are enthusiastic over the future prospects of the salmon industry,
which is so valuable an asset to this section of the country and produces such an im-
mense revenue, both directly and indirectly. Every encourag :ement ought to be given
to this valuable industry by the provincial and Dominion governments, wh.o are all
interested, both directly and indirectly.
All of the above is most respectfully submitted.
I have the honour to be, sir,
Your obedient servant,
ALEXANDER MOWAT,
Officer in charge.
MIRAMICHI HATCHERY.
South Esk., N.B., March 31, 1910.
F. H. Cunningham, Esq.,
Superintedent of Fish Culture,
Ottawa.
Sir, — I beg to submit the following report on the operations in connection with
this hatchery for the fiscal year ending March 31, 1910.
It is gratifying to state that the work has been attended with success throughout
the year, and that a large number of salmon ova have been collected here, and the iry
resulting from the portion placed in this establishment were distributed in excellent
condition on the Miramichi rivers and their tributaries.
FISH BliEEDIXG 287
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
The number of ova in the hatchery on March 31, 1909, was 2,440,000. From this
number 2,300,000 were hatched and planted on tho following streams : —
Xorthwest Miramichi and tributaries 800,000
Little Southwest Miramichi river 700,000
Main Southwest Miramichi river 200,000
Sevogle river 2.50,000
Renon's river 100,000
Barnaby river 75,000
Millstream 75,000
Bartibog river 75,000
Hatchery brook 25,000
Total 2,-300,000
Distribution was completed on July 8, the fry being convoyed to the different
planting grounds in excellent condition and without any loss.
After distribution some necessary repairs were made to the supply pipe and dam,
and the usual work of getting the hatchery and troughs in proper condition for the
reception of the next crop of ova was completed. Some further improvements were
made at the new retaining pond which was built last year. The dam was extended
about sixty feet further across the stream, thus giving a greater depth and larger sup-
ply of water to the parent fish. A road was also made from the highway to the pond,
and also several improvements made for collecting, and more con,veniently handling
and packing the ova at the spawning sheds.
On September 10, eight stands of nets were put in operation for the purpose of
procuring the supply of parent fish and in fifteen days 1,000 salmon were obtained and
placed in the pond. On September 27, an extraordinary freshet occurred which com-
pletely carried away seven of the nets. Two of these were shortly after replaced, but
owing to the continuous high water, and the amount of loose lumber floating in the
river, it was impossible for the fishermen to properly operate them, consequently only
105 fish were obtained after the freshet occurred, making a total of 1,105 placed in the
retaining pond. The fish remained in excellent condition during the time of their
retention, it being necessary to liberate only ten that had been injured in the nets.
They were of a smaller average size than usual this year, yielding about 6,560 eggs
each.
Stripping operations commenced on October 28 and continued iintil November 13.
Of the total number of fish in the pond, 650 were females and the balance of 445 males.
Fros these a total of 4,264,000 eggs were collected.
According to instructions, the hatcheries at Windsor, N.S., and Charlottetown,
P.E.I., were again supplied with ova from this pond this year. On November 9, Mr.
F. Burgess transferred 1,010,000 to the Windsor hatchery, and on November 13,
1,250,000 wore shipped to Charlottetown in charge of Mr. A. W. Holroyd. I have since
been informed by these gentlemen that the shipments reached their respective destina-
tions safely, and that the ova were in excellent condition. The balance of 2,004,000
were placed in this hatchery. According to your instructions 200,000 of these were
forwarded to Mont Tremblant and Magog hatcheries on March 31. This shows that the
ova collected here last autumn was divided as follows : —
Windsor hatchery, N.S 1,010,000
Charlottetown hatchery, B.E.1 1,250.000
Mont Tremblant and St. Alexis hatcheries. P.Q 200,000
Remaining in ^liramichi hatchery 1,804,000
Total 4.264,000
288 MARINE AND FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
The loss during the winter months and up to the present date has been practically
' nil,' and as the embryo is now well advanced, there is every reason to expect that fully
ninety-five per cent of the ova will be hatched and distributed.
The hatchery was visited during February by Mr. Alex. Finlayson, Inspector of
Hatcheries, and he expressed himself as being well pleased with the condition of the
ova and the hatchery in general.
During the month of September it was decided to obtain a supply of speckled
trout from some of the streams in this locality, it having previously been ascertained
that these splendid fish are very plentiful on some of the branches that empty into the
Miramichi bay. Arrangements were made to procure the required number from the
Bartibog river, distant about 30 miles from this hatchery. The preliminary work of
selecting a site and building a pond for the retention of the fish until spawning time
was successful, and on September 25 there had been netted and placed in the pond a
sufficient number to yield fully 500,000 eggs. But at this time the freshet which visited
this whole province occurred, and the Bartibog river was no exception. The conse-
quence being that the water rose to such a height as to completely overflow the pond,
thus allowing all the fish to escape. Owing to the continuous high water and the late-
ness of the season, the prospect of obtaining a supply of these fish this year was aban-
doned.
There is no doubt but that a large supply of parent trout can be obtained on the
Bartibog and Tabusintac rivers each year, and I feel certain that under ordinary con-
ditions an effort to obtain a supply of eggs from these sources next year will prove
successful.
In conclusion I may state that the hatchery was visited by quite a number of pro-
minent fishermen and anglers, as well as many others, during the past year, and all
expressed themselves in appreciative terms of the benefits resulting from the system of
planting large numbers of vigorous fry in the rivers.
I have also conversed with some of the men most largely interested in the salmon
fishery from a commercial standpoint, and it is the prevailing opinion, that while some
parts of the rivers may not yield as good catches one season as another, that in general
the Miramichi rivers and bay together are maintaining an average good catch from
year to year.
To endeavour to uphold this standard should be the idea of every fishery officer and
citizens in general.
I am, sir, your obedient servant,
ISAAC SHEASGREEN,
Officer in charge.
ST. JOHN RIVER HATCHERY.
Grand Falls, N.B., March 31, 1910.
F. H. CuNNiNOHAM, Esq.,
Superintendent of Fish Culture,
Ottawa.
Sir, — I beg to submit the following report on the operations carried on at this
hatchery for the past season.
We laid down in the hatchery troughs in the fall of 1908, 2,678,0d0 salmon eggs,
and hatched out approximately 2,400,000 young salmon. These were deposited in the
following waters: —
FISU BliEEDIXG 289
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
Skiff lake 250,000
St. Croix river 250,000
Tobique river 450,000
Salmon river 250,000
St. John river 1,200,000
Total 2,400,000
We started distributing June 15 and finished about the middle of July; the distri-
bution season was about a week later than the year before.
In stocking the Tobique river, we had the young fish deposited further up stream
than usual. In some cases this was done by towing in boats and in others -by hauling
by team.
The same course will be followed this season, as by this means the young fry are
planted near the head waters and nearer the spawning grounds.
Valuable assistance was rendered us by Mr. Thos, F. Allen, superintendent of the
To])ique Salmon Club, and he will no doubt co-operate with us the coming season.
The Tobique is the chief spawning grounds for the St. John river. As in former
years we obtained our present supply of eggs from the retaining pond at Little Eiver,
St. John, upon receiving word from 'Mr. Belyea I went to St. John on Uctober 26 and
returned on November 1 with five cases containing 1,260,00 eggs, which were placed in
troughs the same evening. I again went to St. John on November 11 for balance
of eggs and returned the following day with four cases containing 905,000 eggs. This
gave us a total of 2,163,000 eggs.
They have been in excellent condition all winter, and will yield a good percentage
of young salmon.
From appearances they will hatch earlier this season than in former years, the
winter and spring being very mild.
We have also 50,000 salmon trout eggs received during the winter from Ottawa.
Tliese eggs are in fine condition, and will be distributed some fe wdays ahead of the
salmon.
I have the honour to be, sir,
Your obedient servant,
F. J. McCLUSKEY,
Officer in charge.
SHEMOGUE HATCHERY.
Cape Bald, N.B., March 31, 1910.
F. H. Ct-\-M-NC:HA>t, Esq.,
Superintendent of Fish Culture,
Ottawa.
Sin, — I have the honour to submit the seventh annual report of operations at the
Shemogue lobster hatchery.
This hatchery was enlarged by an addition of 25 feet in the fall of 190S, and 100
more jars were added this season, thus giving us a capacity of 310 jars.
Wc commenced to get the hatchery in readiness May 1, and with the extra work
preparing the new end. and the usual work which our salt water pipes give us every
spring, it made us busy to take spawns May 29 — first day on which fishermen landed.
The spring supply of lobsters on our shore was good, but of small size.
22—19
290 MARINE AXD FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
The weather was fine, and we received eggs every day np to June 29, when we
had two days' storm, which disturbed our work considerably, but up to this time spawn
was good, well kept and hatched extremely well. Afterwards we got more spawns, but
with not as good results.
The boats brought in 126,000,000 of eggs in good condition, the product of fifteen
factories.
The first fry were noticed on June 10, developed rapidly, and were liberated in a
healthy condition in the usual way, being distributed on their natural ground from
near Cape Tormentine east to Casey Cape west.
Being that our hatchery has been enlarged, and its necessity to get more spawn,
another gasoline boat should collect eggs from canneries on the east side of Cape Tor-
mentine where large canneries are in operation. It would enable the hatchery to run
to full capacity.
We have used every economy in running the hatchery. The pipes have been cared
for, also boiler and pumps, and the hatchery properly cleaned and everything laid away
in readiness for next year's operations.
I have the honour to be, sir.
Your obedient servant,
NAP LeBLANC,
Officer in cliarge.
SIIIPPEGAN HATCHERY.
Shippegax, N.B., March 31, 1910.
F. H. Cunningham^ Esq.,
Suixn-intendent of Fish Culture,
Ottawa.
Sir, — I have the honour to forward my report on the operations at the Shippegan
Hatchery during the fiscal year ending March 31, 1910.
Although female lobsters were not very abundant we succeeded in gathering
about one hundred and fifty million eggs which hatched between June 19 and July
11, the young loksters first appearing in the tanks on June 15. This enabled us to
refill eighty-two jars towards the end of the season which resulted in a hatch of from
60 to 80 per cent.
We began operations at the beginning of May and closed the hatchery on July
17. the last fry being distributed on the 12th of that month.
The hatchery building and plant are in a good state of repair.
I have the honour to be, sir.
Your obedient servaiit,
SEBASTIEN SAVOY,
Officer in charge.
ST. JOHN POND.
St. John West, March 31, 1910.
F. H. Cunningham, Esq.,
Superintendent of Fish Culture,
Ottawa.
Sir, — I have much jjlcasure in submitting to you my report on past year's opera-
tion.s at Little River pond, which have been fairly successful. On receipt of instruc-
tions from (k'partment T l)Cgaii the erection of th > pond on ^fay 11). iwu] T was very
Fjsu iiin:i:in\u " "^ ' 291
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
imieli pleased that we had everytliinj^- in readiness to receive the parent tish by June
1, making as good time in constniotion and erecting as economically -as ever before,
if not more so, we having got our pontoons out the 'JOth and taking first fish to the
number of 12 on June 1. It was fortunate that we got to work as soon as we did
for it turned out to be somewhat of an off year for salnuMi, i)robal)ly on account of
dredging operations interfering somewhat with the Carleton Flats weirs. We con-
tinued taking fish up to August 10 when we had secured 1,415 salmon and 222 grilse,
the weather was mostly favourable and we were able to get to the pond every day
excepting on two occasion.? when we were held up on account of an exceptionally
heavy blow, which did considerable damage to the weirs and kept us from crossing
the bay to the pond. In fact it was stated that the blow of June 18 was the heaviest
ever seen here in the summer months for the last seventeen years.
On receiving instructions from the department I proceeded to Murgaree from
St. John on the eve of June 10, to superintend the erection of a deep-water trap
for taking salmon to stock the retaining jwnd at that place, and I am very glad to
know, that the trap which was constructed under many diffacidties, eventually took
sufficient salmon to stock the retaining pond, giving excellent satisfaction to those
interested. During my absence the work at the St. John pond was most carefully-
conducted by the two foremen. Tippets and Belyea. As already stated we had our
supply of stock fish all in by August 19, when we took in our gear and got things in
the l>est shajH' possible for the fall's operations, which started on or about October 19,
finishing up by November 15. The fish having been of a smaller run than usual, we
did not expect them to yield as many eggs as we had been getting from our stock fish
in the past, but were agreeably surprised when we found them turning out almost
as many eggs as we had been getting from fish that would average at least 2 lbs. more
in weight. I may say that I consider it wise on the part of the department to supple-
ment the stock of males for milting by taking some grilse each season, they being
good spenders and while the.y only average 5 lbs. in weight, being just as good for the
purpose required as 15-lb. fish.
We supplied the different hatcheries with fertilized eggs as follows — the different
officers being here to receive them : —
OflBcer. Hatdiei y. Number of eggs.
Lindsay. . . .Gaspe Hatchery, Que 2,086,000
Ogdon Bedford, X.S 1,300,000
MeCluskey. .Grand Falls, KB 2.163.000
^fowatt . . . .Campbellton. X.B 300,000
Walker Ottawa. Out 154.000
A very nic(^ total of 6,003,000
All the hatchery officers had good reports of previous season's work, and were
all satisfied with the condition of the eggs, but all of them would have liked a larger
supplj'. All our fishermen will be glad when they know the capacity of (Jrand Falb
hatchery has been enlarged so that the whole output of eggs from St. John can be
taken care of at that place, it having to supply many of the smaller rivers as well as
the St. John which runs through over 400 miles of country and is the biggest and one
of the most important in the maritime provinces.
Ixioking forward to another .successful s<'a.son and wishing our department every
success.
I have the lionour to bo. sir.
Your obedient servant,
J. FKKP. ni-lLYKA.
(J/firer in rhaiffp.
22— 19\
292 MARINE AXD FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
KELLY'S POND HATCHERY.
SouTHPORT, March 31, 1910.
F. H. Cunningham^ Esq.,
Superintendent of Eisli Culture,
Ottawa.
Sir, — I beg to submit my report on the operations at Kelly's Pond hatchery for
the year ending March 31, 1910.
On April 1 last, the salmon fry had nearly absorbed the sacs and were strong and
healthy. On April 27, we began to distribute and finished on June 15. We stocked
the following rivers : —
Winter river 370,000
Morell river 226,000
Dunk river 72,000
Beaton's mills 72,000
Fyne valley 72,000
Clyde river 72,000
Wheatley river 72,000
Black river . . . 72,000
Murray river 72,000
Midgill river. . 72,000
Total 1,172,000
On November 13 I returned from Mirimachi bringing with me one million and a
quarter of salmon eggs. On the way home I had them thoroughly watered at New-
castle and Pansec Junction, and also twice crossing in the boat, when they arrived at
the hatchery they came out in splendid condition. During the winter the water kept
very clean, so we had very little washing to do. On November 15 we caught some trout
ill the hatchery dam and procured from them about 5,000 eggs. On December 24
50,000 speckled trout eggs were' received from Ottawa in fine condition, scarcely any
being dead, and were only picked over twice before they began to hatch.
The water in the hatchery is kept at about 37 degrees during the winter. The
eyes first appeared in the salmon eggs on January 15, 64 days, and they were all
hatched on March 15, 123 days after being laid down. The trout eggs hatched on
February 5, 44 days after reaching here.
I noticed that one trough in each bench hatched about a week earlier than the
others, a circumstance that I could not account for.
I am pleased to say that the hatchery this, year is a great success, having fully 90
per cent of healthy fry. Before closing I wish to say that my assistant, Mr. Frank
Hayley, has been most attentive to his duties, and much of the success of the hatchery
i'^ due to the careful and efficient way in which he does his work.
I am, sir.
Your obedient servant,
A. W. HOLROYD,
Office^- in charge.
FISn BliEEDIXG 293
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
CHAKLOTTETOWN HATCHERY.
Blockhouse Point, March 31, 1910.
F. H. CUNNINGIIAJf, Esq.,
Superintendent of Fisli Culture,
Ottawa.
Sir, — I beg to submit my report of the operations at Blockhouse hatchery, Cliar-
lottetown harbour, P.E.I., for the season of 1909.
We started the pump on May 11 and closed down on July 9. The spring was lute,
the first lobsters being caught on May 10, and the weather continuing very windy, there
was not more than half an average catch. The first young lobsters appeared in the jars
on June IT. From June IG to June 20, we had strong southerly winds which stirred
up mud and sand around the hatchery wharf, and the water coming into the hatchery
in very bad condition caused us a great deal of trouble. However, I am pleased to say
we hatched out 80,000,000 healthy young lobsters.
I had the hatchery wharf repaired temporarily, which made it all right for th-.-
season, but I am afraid if there was a heavy run of ice next spring it may get da'nagod
again.
I am pleased to say that all the packers report that young lobsters were never so
plentiful which goes to prove that the hatchery is doing good work. The hatchery
and plant are thoroughly clean and in good condition.
The young lobsters were distributed in the following places : —
Canoe Cove G,000,000
West bar, St. Peter's island 6,000,000
Argyle shore 10,000,000
Holland Cove 10,000,000
Point Prim 10,000,000
East bar, St. Peter's island 8,000,000
Governor's island 10.000,000
DeSable 10,000,000
Keppoch reef 10,000,000
Total 80,000,000
I have the honour to be, sir.
Your obedient servant,
A. W. HOLROYD.
GEORGETOWX ITATCITERY.
GEORC.hyrow.v, ^Nfarch .'^1, 1010.
F. II. Ci NMN(;ii.\M^ Esq.,
Superintendent of" Fi-h Culture,
Ottawa.
Sir. — I have the honour to submit the first annual report of the newly erected
lobster hatchery at Georgetown, Prince Edward Island.
On the first day of May I commenced to put the hatchery in readiness for oj^era-
tion but owing to some delay in installing the steam boiler and pump I could not
collect any ova until the 13th day of same month. On that day I visited twonty-one
canneries and instructed the cannery men how take the ova from the lobster, place
294 ' " MARINE AXD FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
it ill the boxes, and care for it until taken to the hatchery. On the following day I
collected 1,500,000 eggs, and started the pump and I continued to colect eggs until
the fishing season closed on July 10.
The first young fry appeared in the reception trough on June 21 and they con-
tinued to hatch until July 13, when I liberated the last fry, stopped the pump, and
dismissed the launch.
During the season we hatched G8,0UO,000 healthy young fry which we liberated
between Murray harbour and Souris, a distance of about twenty-two miles, on the
same grounds from which the eggs were collected.
When the fishing season first opened spawn lobsters were fairly plentiful, but
had become scarcer by the date we commenced to collect for the hatchery.
The fishermen and cannery men take great interest in the operation of this
hatchery.
I have the honour to be, sir.
Your obedient servant,
JOHN C. MxVCDONALD,
Officer in charge.
TADOUSSAC HATCHERY.
Tadoussac, March 31, 1910.
F. H. Cunningham^ Esq.,
Superintendent of Fish Culture,
Ottawa.
Sir, — I have the honour to submit my twentyefifth annual report of the fish breed-
ing at the Tadoussac hatchery for the fiscal year ending March 31, 1910. In the
first days of April, 1909, 400,000 salmon eggs, packed in moss, were transported to
the Ste. Marguerite hatchery, in the usual way, by horses from the Tadou-ssac hatchery
to the chateau of the Ste. Margurite Salmon Club, and by men on snowshoes with to-
l>oggans as far as the hatchery on the Portage river, 1,000,000 salmon eggs, also packed
in moss, were sent to the Bergeronnes hatchery on spring sleds drawn by horses. This
new hatchery of the capacity of one million and a half, is doing good work with
its fine stream of the purest water. At the end of June the salmon fry from this
*-ubsidiary hatchery were distributed in Long and Gobeil lakes, discharging into the
8t. Lawrence by the River Bergeronnes ; 100,000 were transported in large cans to
the Jacques Cartier river, by the Richelieu and Ontario Navigation Company boats
from Tadoussac to Quebec, and by the Canadian Pacific railway to Pont Rouge in
the county of Portneuf. In the tribvitaries of the Saguenay river the following fry
was planted: River a Mars, 100,000; River St. John, 100,000; and the Little Saguenay
river, 100,000 by being planted in the Long lake. In these rivers, the cans of salmon
fry were transported by the boats of the Richelieu and Ontario Navigation Company.
After the distribution of all the fry the hatchery has been cleaned and during the
summer months, the trays and troughs were varnished in readiness for another season's
operations. Our two salmon nets were set u]) in May for the capture of the parent
salmon, one fishing station at Point Rouf>e on the St. Lawrence, and the other in
Bark Cove on the Saguenay river.
We captured altogether three hundred and twenty-four parent salmon ; two hun-
dred and fourteen females and one hundred and ten males; but owing to an accident
during the construction of the concrete daiu fur the r(>taiuiug pond, we lost forty parent
salmon, thirty females and ten males.
/7.S7/ BULEDING 295
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
The one hiiiulred and ei^rlity-four fciuiilos reinainiiij^ in the \)o\u\ at spawning: time
yielded 1,710,000 eggs, all of which were placed on the hatching trays hy the midle of
November.
The eggs kept well during the winter and I expect a good return of fry during the
first days of May.
As soon as the ice is funned on the lake supplying the water to the Tadoussac
hatchery, the temperature of the water remains at 34 degrees until April. Our two au.x-
iliary hatcheries have proved to be of great benefit in salmon hatching as a security
for the fry, and a saving of money. There is not the least risk in the transport of the
salmon eggs well packed in wet moss. A layer of cheese cloth is first put on the salmon
eggs to keep them clean and the space between the trays is well filled up with wet moss
to keep the salmon eggs from moving in the transport of the boxes. On the arrival at
the auxiliary hatcheries the boxes of eggs are well soaked in water, and with care, it is
an easy work to unpack the trays of eggs to be placed again in the troughs. On the
28th of ^farch, we packed 300,000 salmon eggs, and the next day we left with the boxes
for the Ste. ^larguerite hatchery. This season we have been able to go with the horses
as far as the hatchery by using a lumbering road; we had some difficulty in crossing
the River Ste. Marguerite on account of the mild weather much earlier than usual and
the water rising over the ice. The concrete dam erected last fall for the salmon pond,
will be a great improvement, our parent salmon will have always plenty of water at
low tide.
I have the honour to be, sir.
Your obedient servant,
L. X. CATELLIER,
Office}- in charge.
GASPE llATCIIEKY.
Caspk, QiK.. :March 31. 1010.
F. H. Cl'xninciiam, Esq.,
Superintendent of Fish Culture.
Ottawa.
Sin, — I have the honour to submit my annual report upon the operations of the
Gaspe salmon hatchery during the past season.
As in past years, the eggs hatched out very late, only getting them off the trays
in the last part of ^May. We commenced planting them in the rivers on the fifth day
of July, and finished on the twenty-seventh, putting tlieni in the ditfcrent rivers as
follows : —
St. John river »;42,00<1
York river 0!t.->.0()(>
Dartmouth river t;;t.",.(MMi
Total 2.032.000
1 left for St. John on Wednesday, October I'T. and returned on .Sunday. Oetol>er
31, witli eiglit cases (2,08G,000eggs) of ege'^ in first-class condition, which were at once
laid down in the troughs.
The eggs were all well eyeil in the miildle of .laiuiary. and 1 think lliey will hatch
i\ little earlier than last year.
irj*/
rs
L.\K
r. I
M r
' GEORGE v.. A.
^ M'lIKKV.
^1 T««j|iLixT. March .ll, 1910.
1911
>1
report on the operations at the
"ution 100.(W(» Atlantic salmon
■VK*. The ova were all hatclied
UK^rous and henltliy aiid were
Jr»w. I^KvaMr. til. Jan|tir-
Ijip ail Canard. D'Equerre,
Charlebois. IVs Isles, Lmgin,
•n (rr wrri
... IPOP. I rr.>
< thry arv in gnrul n>i
I iii!.fc. a ir« nrmiu dUlribiition.
V«»rt, Sto. Marie. Brume. Nor-
I iirr^. Penioinlon. Michaudville.
I reinlilant.
.r! .ri hatrhery SOO.OOO salmon
: J troiijfliji. I hope to be able
'■' . -ii .
•client (serviint.
.TOSKPH LONTJPRE,
Officer in charge.
With rr«anl lo «pp«r< .„, tl»e <H»tribution of fry from this
halrhrry I miirfit monlion Uke h- l,ifh aix years ago not a fish could be
foiiml. hut which wa« lfH»n .sfr>rk«««i *»itii y nml the i»oople of the locality have now-
tlw plia«urr of ralchins front woighinfc * to si* to eijfht ix^unds.
J • r jjikf in f j,, which trout nrc now plentiful
diir f' V iiH- t\V( .11 vcnrs.
-iilniu.
ST. ALKxrsrATCirp:RY.
;. Alexis des Moxts, March 31. 1910.
,-h Culture,
Otuwa.
t . .1 ^ - --i- niy 1 ort concerning the operations carried on
tisca ear 1909-10 and trust that the same will
*^^PT JT^wl**"'
collecting
' it
I'lSU BREEDISU 297
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
GREY TROUT.
Orford lake 35,000
Lake Memphremagofr 125.000
Lorrings pond 25,000
Lake Massawippi 35,000
Brompton lake 25,000
Key Pond 25,000
Smooth Pond 25,000
Little Lake Magog (or Scaswamnipus) 25,000
North ITatley 25,000
O'Malley's Pond 25,000
Total 370,000
I am pleased to inform you that the above fry has been deposited in very fine
condition.
COLLECTION OF OVA.
The collection of ova on Lake Memphremagog has not been as considerable as
previous years, and I attribute the shortage to the low water in the lake which I think
made the fish change from their old spawning beds to new grounds. I have done all
1 could to catch the fi>h on the old grounds, but without success. Therefore, I left
(.ieorgeville with my men and came down the lake near Magog and operated at the
three Sister Islands and on the lighthouse shoals, meeting with good success, although
I was late, and it is my intention next season to operate at the places mentioned above.
T will commence later in the season and finish earlier and expect good results with less
expense. However, I succeeded in collecting 650,000 eggs of different species of lake
trout, such as the native grey trout, silver trout or Lake Ontario salmon irout.
I beg to inform the department that this is the first time since I have operated
that I have caught salmon trout on the spawning beds, and out of 650,000 eggs which
I collected 350,000 were sent to the Lake Ijcster rearing ponds, and the balance were
deposited in Magog hatchery. The land lock salmon are doing very well, a number
of sportsmen having caught several last season trowling; but I think that fly fi>hing
would be more successful. There would be plenty of salmon in the lake if the poachers
could be stopped and the greatest slaughter is done when the fish go up to spawn in
tiie river on the American side at Newport, Vt. There is also considerable netting
done both in Canada and United States, and I hope that the department will do all
in its power to protect our lakes.
I have also received the following eggs which were deposited in Magog hatchery in
a fine condition on the following dates: February 16, 1910, 1,000,000 salmon trout eggs
from Wiarton; March 4, 1910, 150,000 salmon trout eggs, 150,00 speckled trout eggs
from Ottawa ; March 31, 1910, 100,000 Atlantic salmon eggs from Miramichi, N.B.
The salmon trout eggs commenced hatching at the beginning of March, which is
three weeks earlier than in previous years, and I am pleased to say that tlie percentage
of loss is very small.
I am also pleased to inform the department that the public is beginning to appre-
ciate their efforts by the results obtained in fish breciling. which is certainly a credit to
thf administration of the fish culture department.
I am, sir.
Your obedient servant,
A. L. DESEVE,
Officer in charge.
298 MARINE AND FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 191 I
. LAKE TREMBLANT HATCHERY.
Mont Tremblant, March ?>1, 1910.
F. H. CuXNINOIIAMj Esq.,
Superintendent of Fish Culture,
Ottawa.
Sir, — I liave the honour to inclose herewith my report on the operations at the
Lac Tremblant hatchery for the fiscal year 1909-10.
On April 1, 1909, there were undergoing incubation 100,000 Atlantic salmon
eggs, 800,000 salmon trout eggs, 50,000 speckled trout eggs. The ova were all hatched
out early in May, the resultant fry appearing very vigorous and healthy and were
distributed in the following lakes: —
SALMON TUOUT.
Guindon, Sarrasin, Rouge, Trout, Care, Petit, Lac au Canard, D'Equerre,
Superior, Ethier, Terrebonne, Masson. Dupuis, Petu, Charlebois, Des Isles, Longin,
Jean, Lacoste, St. Jacques, Tremblant.
SPIX'KLED TROUT.
Janveau, Beauvais, Seguin, Sauvage, Wolf, Petit Vert, Ste. Marie, Brume, Nor-
mand, Paquin, Paquette, Des Grandes Baie-i and Therese, Pemondon, Michaudville,
Tremblant.
The Atlantic salmon fry were deposited in Lac Tremblant.
On November 19, 1909, I received from the Wiarton hatchery 800,000 salmon
trout eggs and they are in good condition in the hatching troughs. I hope to be able
to make a generous distribution.
I have the honour to be, sir,
Your obedient servant,
JOSEPH LONGPRE,
Officer in charge.
With regard to apparent results due from the distribution of fry from this
hatchery I might mention Lake Bebite in which six years ago not a fish could be
found, but which was then stocked with fry and the people of the locality have now-
the pleasure of catching trout weighing from six to eight pounds.
I might also mention another lake in this district in which trout are now plentiful
Aui^ to a planting of fry made by me twelve or fifteen years.
ST. ALEXIS HATCHERY.
St. Alexis des Monts, March 31, 1910.
F. H. CrxxiNciiAM, Esq.,
Suj)eriut"ndent of Fish (*ulture,
Ottawa.
Sir, — I beg to forward herewith my report concerning the operations carried on
at the St. Alexis hatchery during the fiscal year 1909-10 and trust that the same will
prove satisfactory to you.
Owing to high water greater difficulty was experienced last fall in collecting
trout eggs than in previous years and the quantity collected had to be gathered at
a greater distance from the hatchery.
Finn nuKEDiyc, 299
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
On Ai)ril 1. r.l()!». I Iia.l on IuukI :)Jn.O(Ml ^ih'cUKmI trout and L'ln.iHKt >aliii(.u wliicli
vero distributed in the following waters: —
SPECKLED TROUT.
Lake Fer roil 50,000
Lac des Allar.l 10.000
Chaine trois lacs 15,000
Lake Lambert 15.000
Lake Vierge and Lake Creux 30,000
Lakes Maskctsy. Castor and Long 100.000
Lake Simard, Lake Croche, au Sable 60,000
Lake au Cap. des Jos. Noir 30,000
Lake la Croix, Lake d'Argent 30.000
Chaine trois lacs lO.O(M)
Round lake 10.000
Lac la Peche 40.rMtO
Lac au Sable. Lac Clair 30.000
Lac la Truite 10.0<X»
Lake Wabizegondo. Lake St. (Jeorge 20.00f>
Lac a rile 20,000
Lake Edward 40.000
Total ■ 520,000
SALMON".
Lake Caribou on Croix, Shawenegan 30,000
Lake Wabizcgonde .30,00(1
Lac la Camp 20.000
Chaine trois lacs 20,000
Lac la Dame 20,000
Lac des Allard 20.000
Lac Vierge and Creux. . ., 20.0(¥)
Lake Lambert 15,0(V)
Lake Carolus 30.000
Lake Lambert 10.000
Total 215.000
During the fall of 1909 700.000 speckled trout eggs wore colb^ctcd in the St.
!Maurice waters, in the following lakes: —
SPECKLED TIJOIT.
Shawenegan brook lOO.fM^)
Lac Marcotte 300.000
Lac des Bouleaux 100.0<>o
Lake Wabizcgonde 200.000
Total 700.000
Shipi)od to the d^'partmcnt 200.00O
Remaining on hand ,",(m).(M><»
I have the honour to bo. sir.
Your obedient servant.
JOSEPH ELLIOTT.
0 /fieri- in chnrqe.
300 MARIXE AXD FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
LAKE LESTER REARING PONDS.
Baldwin's Mills, Que., March 31, 1910.
F. 11. CUXXIXGIIAM, Esq.,
Superintendent of Fish Culture,
Ottawa
Sin, — In presenting my annual report for the fiscal year just closed, I have the
honour to state that as per instructions, April 20, 1909, and the following dates, I dis-
tributed : —
May 15. Bronie lake, Atlantic salmon, yearlings 10,000
" Grey trout, yearlings 4,000
Sept. 18. Orford lake, Grey trout, yearlings 4,000
" 21. Nouveau lake, Atlantic salmon, fingerlings 3,000
Oct. 23. Cookshire pond, Atlantic salmon, fingerlings. . . . 1,000
Brompton lake. Grey trout 35,000
]\Iassawippi lake, Grey trout 75,000
Brome lake. Grey trout 70,000
Memphremagcg lake. Grey trout 110,000
Total 366,000
EGGS RECEI\ED FOR HATCHING.
1909.
Nov. 11. Received of Mr. A. L. Deseve, of Magog, eggs, 'Grey trout,' 350,000.
These were hatched out by March 25, the present year, and are in a strong healthy
condition.
All the fish distributed last fall were in fine condition when delivered.
Indications are that the visitors and campers here on the shores of Lake Lester
will be be in excess- of former years. The hatchery here coming in for a large number
of visitors daily.
Buildings and grounds are neat and tidy and on the whole very inviting.
I am, sir, your obedient servant,
W. G. BELKNAP,
Officer in charge.
NEWCASTLE HATCHERY.
Newcastle, :^rarch 31, 1910.
F. 11. Cunningham, Esq.,
Superintendent of Fish Culture,
Ottawa
Sir, — I have the honour to submit my report of the operations carried on at this
hatchery for the fiscal year ending March 31, 1910.
The following schedule will show you the point^^ of di'^tribution, also the number
of yearling salmon trout, salmon trout fry and bass placed in each locality during the
spring of 1909:—
YEARLING SAL5I0N TROUT.
Charlstou lake at Athens 500
Rideau lake at Portland 500
Bay of Quinte at Belleville. 500
Sunfish lake at "Waterloo 500
Total 2,000
FISH lili'EEDlXG 301
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
SPFXKLKD TROUT,
Carver's creek at Peterborough 5,000
Spring creek at Norwich 5,000
Ilerriiiiiton ponds at Knihro 5,000
Porter's i)on<l at Prieoville 5.000
Cole creek at Bolton 4,000
Spring water dam at Ancaster 4,000
Trout lake at Waubanic 4.000
Big ITcnd river at Chatswortli 4.000
Total 3G,000
SAT.Mr , TliML'T ITJV.
Lake Ontario, Hamilton 100.000
" Toronto 100.000
" Whitby 100,000
" Consecan 100,000
" Picton 100,000
" Iviugstou 100,000
" Newcastle 100,000
" Cobourg 100,000
Lake Huron, Southampton 100,000
" Goderich 100,000
" Kincardine 150.000
Salmon lakes, Gooderham 75.000
Bay of Quinte. Belleville 100.000
Rideau lakes, Portland 50,000
Charlston lake, Athens 50,000
Suufish lake, Waterloo 75,000
Loon lake. Seguin fall-; 75,000
Salmon lake. Irondale 50,000
Pock lake, L'Amable 50.000
Loughborough lake, Inverary 75.000
Knowlton lake. Hartington 75.000
Total 1.S25.0OO •
BLACK BASS.
liiver Aux Saublc at Arkona 300
Pike lake at Harriston ,300
O'Dwyer's lake. ^Nfount Forest ,",00
Lake Huron at Oliphant 300
Total 1,200
I beg to inform yon tliat the fry and yearling salmon trout, six?ckled trout and
bass were deposited in first class condition in the ditferent waters as scheduled.
We placed our usual (juantity of bass that "Mr, Hurley, of Belleville, handed over
to us from the ponds at that place and I am pleased to report there was quite an im-
provement from the previous spring, as our report will show,
I regret to report that for the first time, since we adopted the jilan of raising
yearling salmon trout, this year has been a total failure, !^^y opinion is that the si>ring
water at the head has failed and the cause of it has been lack of water. We intend to
302 MARINE AND FlSHERIE.^
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
ask for a small appropriation to have a new tank ]nit in at tho fountain head so tliat
the water may be all utilized instead of wasting through soakage. There is as mm-h
water as ever, but it requires repairs to carry it to the proper channel.
In October last, according to instructions, Mr. Alex. McLeod, my assistant, was
leent to Georgian Bay to assist in a general collection of salmon trout eggs, and of the
number secured about 2,800,000 were allotted to the Newcastle hatchery.
These eggs were laid down in the troughs in good condition, being better than the
allotment received last season, and consequently the percentage of loss has been less.
I am of the opinion that the small percentage of loss is to a certain extent due to
the fact that the temperature of the water has not varied to any exent all winter.
During the last few days the temperature has risen to summer heat, and towards
the end of March the eggs began to hatch very fast.
We also received fifty thousand speckled trout eggs from the Ottawa hatchery
which have nearly all hatched without any apparent loss so far, and while the fry are
not as large as those of last year, they appear to be healthy at this time "of writing.
Our two bass ponds are in good shape, and we hope to have our usual supply of
parent fish this spring, which should bring as good, if not better results than last
season.
The hatchery and fittings are in good repair, and very little expenditure will be
required to keep it so for another season.
I have the honour to be, sir.
Your obedient servant,
WM. ARMSTRONG,
Officer in charge.
SANDWICH HATCHERY.
Sandwich, O^t., March 31, 1910.
F. II. Cunningham, Esq.,
Superintendent of Eish Culture,
Ottawa.
Sir, — T take pleasure in presenting my annual report on the fish hatching opera-
lions conducted at the Sandwich hatchery for the year 1909-10.
The season opened with the distribution of young fry; these fish were hatched
from the eggs collected and placed in the hatchery in the fall of 1908. The hatch was
very successful and the young fry were distributed in the waters in a good and lively
condition.
The following schedule will show the points of distribution and the number of liy
deposited therein: —
Peach Island, Lake St. Clair 4,000,000
Fighting Island, Detroit river 3,000,000
In bay below Fighting Island 4,000,000
Turkey Island, Detroit river 4,000,000
Stoney Island, Detroit river 4,000,000
Bois Blanc Island, Detroit river 10,000,000
In lake below Bois Blanc Island 5,000,000
Pigeon Ba.y, Lake Erie 3,000,000
Colchester, Lake Erie 3,000,000
Kingsville. Lake Erie 1,000,000
FISH BUKEDiyG 303
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
Leamington, Lake Kric 1.000,000
Rondeau, Lake Erie 1,(JOO,OUO
Port Stanley, Lake Krie 1.000,000
Hamilton, Lake Ontario 1.000,000
Toronto, Lake Ontario 1.000,000
Niagara, Lake Ontario 1,()UU,000
Belleville, Bay of Quinte 1.500,000
Li river at hatcliery 1S,000,00<»
Grand total r,r,,.0OO.O(!O
Tn addition to this 8,750.000 eyed eggs were shipped to Point Edward, niakiiij; a
total distribution of 75,250,000.
After the season of distribution was over the hatchery was then put in shape to
receive the fall supply, which was collected from the Detroit river and Bay of Quinte,
Lake Ontario. We started our fishing- operations somewhat earlier than the previous
fall, the fir.st shipment of eggs coming from Belleville on November 6, the ei,gs at this
point were collected by I\. Parker and S. Adamson, under the supervision of Inspector
of Fisheries, J. ^I. Hurley. Emm Bois Blanc fishery the first eggs were received on
Isovember 8.
One hundred million eggs were collected, 70,000,000 from Belleville and 30,000,000
from the Detroit river. These eggs were fine and healthy when placed in the jar.?, and
I'rom present appearance I expect good results.
In closing my report, I wish to say a few words on the educative effect of the
^^ork conducted here. At one time the work of the fish hatchery was regarded with
indiff"erence not only by the public at large, but by the class in whose interest it was
)naintained, the fishermen of the district. It is gratifying to me to observe the com-
plete reversal of sentiment that has taken place in regard to the institution. Not
only have the pid)lic at large been won over to a firm belief in the important use per-
formed by the hatchery, but the fishermen also have lost their prejudice and become
enthusiastic and advocate artificial hatching.
To them practical observation has clearly demonstrated what endless theorizing
would fail to do, and now their plea is not only for enlargement of the capacity of the
local plant, but a general extension of the fish lireeding service.
I am, sir.
Your obedient servant,
WTLLTA:\r PARKER,
Officer in charge.
OTTAWA llAK IIKKV.
OnwwA. :Marcli ;'.l. lOlO.
V. W. Ci \ M\<;ii \M. Ks(]..
Sn]ii'riiitcinlcnt of Ei-h ('nlture.
Ottawa.
Suj. — Herewith I have the honour t<i submit my 20th annual report of the ojiora-
tions carried on at the Ottawa hatchery fri>m April 1. 1900. to ^larch 31. lOlO. in-
cluding the distribution of fry last spring and the quantities of eggs received since
November. 1900. As for the number of eggs received in the sea.^ons of 1008 and 1000.
this can be sei'U in u'y last report. The .■iea.'^on's distribution of fry in the spring
of 1000 was very successful as the following schedule will show. About ^fny 20 I
receivetl about 8(t().(l(K) jiickcrcl «ggs which were hatched tint successfully about Juncl.
304 MARINE AND FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
DISTRIBUTION OF PICKEREL.
June 5.— South Nation river 75,000
" 8.— St. Lawrence river 100,000
" 5.— Riviere du Nord 75,000
" 8. — Yamaska river 125,000
" 10.— Riviere du Castor 100,000
" 12.— Riviere du Nord 100,000
Total distribution of pickerel 575,000
DISTRIBUTION OP ATLANTIC SALMON.
June 10.— Charleston lake 35,000
" 18.— North Wakefield 10,000
" 18.— Christie's lake 20,000
" 18.— Meeches lake 20,000
" 19.— Source lake 25,000
Total distribution of Atlantic salmon 110,000
DISTRIBUTION OF SPECKLED TROUT.
May 7.— Deck lake 10,000
" 7.— Anger lake 10,000
" 13.— Green lake 5,000
" 13.— Hawk lake 5,000
" 13.— Campeau lake 5,000
" 13.— Crooked lake 5,000
" 13.— Clear lake 5,000
" 15.— Bernard lake 5,000
" 17.— Sixteen Island lake 10,000
" 20.— Lady lako 10.000
" 20.— Lac Clair 5,000
" 22.— McDonald's lake 15,000
" 30.— Meeches lake 10,000
Total distribution of speckled trout 100,000 •
DISTRIBUTION OF SALMON TROUT.
:May 10.— Lake Ricard 20,000
" 10.— Lake No. 7 20,000
'' 10.— Lake St. Esprit 20,000
" 10.— Lake Clear 20,000
" 10.— Lake Charette 15,000
" 11.— Pike lake 15,000
" 11.— Silver lake 15,000
" 12.— Oak lake 20,000
" 12.— Lake Bolmont . 20,000
" 12.— Lake Beauport 25,000
" 13.— Mulgrave lake 15,000
" 13.— Trout lake 15,000
" 15.— Bernard lake 10,000
" 15.— Shouldice lake 20,000
" 15.— Lac I'Achign 20,000
FISH BREEDING 305
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
May 15. — Lac a la 'I'niite 20.000
" 15.— Island lake 20,000
" 17.— Henry and Bordeau lakes 20,000
" 17. — Gregoire lake 20,000
" 17.— Lunettes lake 20,000
" 17.— Lac aux Huards 20,000
" 20.— Bark lake 10,000
" 20.— Gagne lake 20,000
" 20.— Mauve and Truite and Dubois 20,000
" 20.— Lac Coeur 20,000
" 20.— Lac Chicot and Lake Ricard 20,000
" 20.— Clear lake 15,000
" 22.— :NrcDonald's lake 20,000
" 22.— Cloutier lake 25,000
" 25.— Cornu lake 20,000
" 25. — Riviere Mulet and Lac St. Joseph 20,000
" 25.— Louis Pelletier lake 40,000
" 27.— Birch lake 20,000
•' 27.— Little Trout lake 20,000
*' 27.— Buckingham lake 20.000
" 27.— Long lake 20,000
*' 28.— Lambert lake 25,000
" 29.— Rideau lake 35,000
" 31.— Dawson lake 20,000
" 31.— Meeches lake 10,000
Total distribution of salmon trout 790,000
RECAPITULATIOX.
Pickerel 575,000
Atlantic salmon 110,000
Speckled trout 100,000
Salmon trout 790,000
Total distribution of fry 1,575,000
EGGS RECEH'ED FOR THIS SEASON'S OPERATIONS.
1909— Nov. 5.— Received from St. John, N.B 154.000 Atlantic salmon.
Nov. 18.— " Wiarton, Ont. . . .1,000,000 salmon trout.
Dec. 14.— " Inglewood, Ont... 500,000 eyed brook trout.
1910— Jan. 28.— " Acton, Ont 200.000 " "
Mar. 30.— " Bark river 150,000 " "
The following eggs were shipped to the undermentioned hatcheries: —
VMf.t.
Def- 21 Shii)|>o(i to V. .T. >rcClusky. Grand P'.alls, N.B 50,00<i o\e<\ salmon tmnt.
fharlnttftown, r.?:.I oO.OfK) " .. .«i)eckl(vi trout.
Alfred ( )K(l.n, Btflford, N.S 100,000 ..
11110.
Feb. 14 .v. .1. McNalt, Wirtiton, Ont . .SO.imhi ».\ed .s|)wkled trout.
" 14.. ■ ^ " •■ 10,00<» Atlantic s.iltiion.
28 Wui. Ann.strong, Newcastle, Ont i"»0.(H>t speckled tro\it.
22—20
306 MARINE AND FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 191 f
1910.
Mar. 4 A. L. Deseve, Magog, P.Q , 150,000 eyed si^eckled trout.
i> 4 .1 M B.C irK»,000 „ salmon trout.
M 30 D. S. Mitchell, Salmon, Arm 25,000 ., brook trout.
11 30 Cale^on Mountain Hatchery, P'nglewood, Ont 115, <XK) ,. ..
Total number of eggs shipped 730,000
There is now under incubation 330,000 si)eckle trout.
800,000 salmon trout.
144,000 Atlantic salmon.
Under incubation 1,274,000 eggs.
The eggs in the incubating troughs at the pre.sciit time are all in good condition,
and everything points to successful and early hatching.
I have the honour to be, sir,
Your obedient sei'vant,
JOHN WALKER,
Officer in charge.
WIARTON HATCHERY.
WiARTOX, Ont., March 31, 1910.
F. H. Cunningham^ Esq.,
Superintendent Fish Culture,
Ottawa.
SiR^ — In accordance with the rules of the department, and in compliance with
your instructions, I beg leave to submit my annual report of the operations of the
Dominion hatchery under my charge for the year 1909-10.
DISTRIBITION OF SALMON TROUT FRY.
Amounts at the following points in the Georgian Bay: —
Killarney 400,000
Mary Ward Shoal, Collingwood 400,000
Meaford : 400,000
Cape Rich 400,000
Squaw Point 400,000
Vails Point 400.000
Cape Conunodore 400,000
Jackson Shoal 400,000
Surprise Shoal 400.000
Cape Croker 400,000
Hay Island 400.000
White Cloud Island 400,000
Griffith Island 400,000
Gravely Point 400,000
Pruder's Landing 400,000
Whicher's Point 100,000
Total distril)iition for Georgian Bay 6,100,000
/•7-S7/ BRKEDIXa 307
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
Amounts at the following- points in Lake Huron: —
Tobermory 400,(100
South bay 400,000
Swigley bay 400,000
Cape Huni 800,000
Total ilistribution for Lake Huron J.OOCOOO
Total 8,100,000
I am pleaised to ;?tato that the above fry were planted in first-class condition in
the waters herein tle-signated. They were planted out in the natural spawning grounds,
where nature provided abundance of food and protection from their enemies. The
parent fish visit the spawning grounds in the fall, but immediately after the spawn-
ing season is over they return to the feeding grounds.
According to instructions, on October 14, left with spawn takers and assistants
from other hatcheries for the various fishing grounds. Tobermory, South bay, Provi-
dence bay. Duck islands, Meldrun bay, Cockbuni island. Ivagowong and Killarney,
and returned at the end of the legal fishing season with 18,900,000 sahnon trout egg.-;,
which were distributed as follows: —
Newcastle 2,800,000
Ottawa 1,000,000
Mount Tremblant 800,000
Remaining in the Wiarton hatchery 14,300,000
Total 18,900,000
On February 15 received from Ottawa hatchery 10,000 Atlantic salmon eggs anil
30,000 brook trout.
On February 10 shipped to Magog hatchery 1,000,000 salmon trout eyed eggs.
Remaining in the Wiarton hatchery 12.050,000 fry and eggs.
Fry hatched out 7,000,000
Eyed eggs 5,050,000
Total 12,0.50,000
All the above eggs will be hatched in ten days.
It is most gratifying to me and will no doubt be pleasing to you to know of the
large number of salmon trout eggs secured on the Georgian Bay and Lake Huron :
and how taken. A spawn taker accompanies each tug and as the nets are lifted every
ripe fish is stripped from its eggs and the eggs cared for. The nets are set back after
being lifted. The fish are dressed in what the.v call offal barrels, and these are taken
to dumping- grounds, convenient for that pm-pose. It is from this waste that we
saved 18,900.00 salmon trout eggs. All the fish from which we secured the above eggs
were caught in legal season for commercial purposes.
The outside frv tanks, sixteen in number, are a perfect success, fed from the
waste water from the hatchery.
I am very grateful to Mr. John Macaulay, ^Nfanager of the Dominion Fish Com-
pan.v. Limited, for the assistance he has given us uu his tugs in securing our supply of
eggs for the hatchery.
Following is a connnunication received by me froni the agent of th<' Dominion
Fish Comiiany at TobcM-uiory with regard to slmllow and deep water fishing in tin-
(ireat Lakes: —
22— 20J
308 MAIilXE AXD FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
Tobermory, November 10, 1909.
Mr, Angus McNab,
Dear Sir, — As you have not been here yourself this fall, I wish to express my
thanks to you and the department for the arrangements made at this port by placing a
man to take spawn on every boat engaged in fishing, as I believe that there should not
be one egg lost.
The eggs thus taken from the commercial catch of fish are in every respect a gain
to the fisheries of these waters, as otherwise they would be disposed of with the remain-
der of the fish offal, and be a total loss as far as fish breeding is concerned.
Everything along this line seems to be working to better advantage than heretofore.
At present the eggs are collected here and taken to the hatchery and the fry returned
in the spring looking quite bright and lively.
I have noticed in my four seasons' experience in Tobermory that the fall or shallow
water trout are increasing, while the deep water trout are decreasing and, although
the fishermen as a body firmly believe in hatcheries and are greatly pleased with what
has already been done by the Dominion government for fish culture, I would like to
see some move made to take the spawn from the deep water trout and more hatcheries
built. At present the fry from the hatcheries has to be distributed to so many differ-
ent ports that the result of the hatchery will not be seen to advantage. There is
enough spawn wasted every fall at Southampton alone to fill a hatchery larger than
the Wiarton establishment. This has been such a rough fall and the fishermen have
lost so many nets, and so much time grappling for lost nets, that the catch was just
about half what it should have been, yet under those unfavourable conditions every
liatchery has been filled to its full capacity. And as we require all the fish saved I
think it to the advantage of all concerned to build more hatcheries so that not one egg
vvill be wasted.
Wishing you all success with your hatchery and that the percentage of good eggs
will be large and up to your expectations.
I am.
Yours truly,
DAN. McIVER,
Agent Dominion Fish Company.
In connection with the above letter I may say that a great discussion is going on
among fishermen as to why deep water fishing is decreasing and the shallow water in-
creasing. Allow me to give my observations during twenty-three years' experience.
When fishermen lift their nets in deep v/ater and find a fish that has been taken
on board the tugs unfit for the market or even for the salt, they throw it overboard. In
time it becomes petrified and composed of fungus growth. I have seen in Lake Superior,
off Rossport, fishing in seventy fathoms of water, grappling for nets, petrified fish, com-
posed of fungus growth, which would weigh about fifty pounds, and which, when alive,
I would judge, would weigh only 4J pounds. The fish in these deep water fishing
grounds will certainly keep shy of this ground and will be driven to shallow water
where there is no protection. In shallow water fishing gromuls, on the other hand, if a
fish is thrown overboard, it becomes decayed in a very short time and does not interfere
with the feeding grounds.
I have the honour to be, sir.
Your obedient servant,
A. J. McNAB.
Officer in charge.
/7.S7/ BRLEDiya 309
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
SARNIA lIATCilEKV.
Sarxia, 'Miu-rh ;51, 1910.
F. n. CrNMX(;iiA>r. Ksi].,
Siipcrintendoiit of Fish Culture.
Ottawa
Sir, — I hereby submit my annual report for the Sarnia hatchery for the season of
1909.
At the time of sending in my report for the previous year, we had 19,500,000 fully
developed whitefish eggs in the hatchery, which commenced to hatch on April 13, the
temperature of the water being 43° at that time, the hatching period lasting until
April 29. at which date the eggs were all hatched out. We commenced the distribution
on April 20, conveying the young fry to the waters of Lake Huron from the mouth of
liiver St. Clair to Kettle point, using two large motor boats, each carrying 35 cans of
fry. We finished the distribution of whitefish fry on April 30, which left us but a few
days to clean out the troughs, boiler, &c., and make a few necessary repairs before the
pickerel season commenced.
We commenced taking pickerel eggs on May 7, the temperature of the water at
that time being 46°, we collected on that date 24 jars, on the following day 3G jars, on
the 11th we had our banner day, collecting on that day 115 jars. The catch of pickerel
throughout the entire spawning season was very light and had it not been that we re-
tained all female fish in the nets, until they were ready to be spawned, we would have
fallen far short of filling the hatchery. The fishermen in this district having agreed
to hold all parent fish in their nets until the hatchery was filled or until we had pro-
cured all that could be had. I wish to say for the fishermen that they have done all
they could to help fill the hatchery, some even bringing small lots of eggs taken by
them after the hatcherj' was full. We had all our 600 jars full on May 22, having
taken at that time 181,000,000 eggs. In 14 days from the time the first eggs were taken
they had arrived at the eyed stage, the temperature of the water at that time being 4S°,
and the.v commenced to hatch on Jiuie 1, the temperature of the water having risen to
54°. We had at that time 140,000,000 fully developed eggs in the hatchery, which were
all hatched out by June 12.
On May 31 I sent 800,000 eyed eggs to the Ottawa hatchery.
We commenced the distribution of pickerel fry on June 7, using the two motor
boats. The fry was all deposited along the moss beds which are found on the south
shore of Lake Huron for a distance of about 20 miles, which is a natural feeding ground
as well as a place of shelter for the little things. We compk^ted the distribution on
June 15.
Acting on instructions from your department, I proceeded to Wiarton on October
13, wlierc I met the officer in charge of the Wiarton hatchery, whom I accompanied to
the north shore of the Georgian bay and under whose diiections we were to procure
whitefish eggs, liut I regret very much to report the operations there as b(>ing a failure,
being due entirely to the stormy weather which prevailed during tlic wliitefish spawn-
ing season.
I have the honour to be, sir.
Your obedient servant.
A. G. LASCHINGER,
' Officer in charge.
310 " MAL'IXE AM) FlSllEUlEs
1 GEORGE v., A. 19! 1
QUINTE BASS POND.
Bi:rj.KviLLi^, :\rai-ch ?A, 1910.
F. II. ClNMNGII-Or, Esq.,
Superintendent of Fisli Culture,
Ottawa.
Sir, — In compliance with your request I beg to submit a report of the oi>erations
conducted at the Quinte bass ponds for the season beginning April 1, 1909, and end-
ing March 31, 1910.
On April 7, 1909. we started to clean out the Quinte bass pond and secured about
300 young bass, that wintered in the pond and were fine, vigorous lively fellows, which
we liberated in the Bay of Quinte.
On April 13, we fini.shed cleaning out the City pond, getting about the same
number of bass which we deposited in the bay, and leaving the ponds clear to put in
the parent fish.
On April IG, I started Lew McDonald seining for parent bass but the weather
turned cold and windy for several days and the fish did not come on the grounds.
On May 8. we .secured 3.5, on May 12, 39 more. On May 14 we shipped 32 to New-
ca.stle hatchery. On May 18 we secured 15 more, making the required number of
parent fish for all the ponds.
On May 25 we shipped 8 cans of bass which we had in cribs to Jolms lake, near
Bancroft.
On June 2 the first young bass was seen in the City pond and in the Quinte
pond on June 10.
On July 13 we began to take the parent fish from the ponds and return them to
the bay and by July 20 this work was completed. They seemed to thrive well in the
ponds, turning very black in colour and grew heavy and flesh hard, some would weigh
three pounds.
On S-eptember 20 we began to take young bass from the ponds securing on that
date twelve cans which were shipped to Ottawa for distribution from that point.
On October 5 we deposited six cans of very fine young bass in Mullet lake, near
Bes.semev, Ont., and the same quantity was shipped to Bark lake, Que.
On October 8 eight cans were sent to Ottawa to fill two applications in the eastern
end of the province. On October 13 an application for Sharbot lake was filled and on
the 21st a shipment was made to Sydenham lake. Frontenac county, Ont.
This shipment wound up the season's operations and as we clean out the ponds in
the spring before putting in the parent fish wa will have one or two shipments from
the bass that winter in the ponds.
In my travels I find bass very plentiful in the districts that have been stocked
from the ponds and at three years old weighing three and three and a half pounds.
Bass arc now the most plentiful fish that we have in the inland waters of this
district as they adapt themselves to all conditions, and multiply very fast as they
protect their eggs while hatching and the fry for weeks afterwards.
The protection they receive from the provincial inspectors and overseers and the
prohibiting of sale or export by the Dominion government are showing good results.
As an evidence of the success attending the operations carried on at the Quinte
bass pond I attach to this report one of many lettei's that I have receive in this con-
nection.
I have the honour to be, sir,
Your obedient servant,
J. M. HURLEY,
Inspector of Fisheries.
FIHH BREEDING 311
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
HKLI,i:\ ll.I.i: AM) (;l INTi; DISTKICT BRANCH OF THE ONTARIO FISH AND GAMK 1'ROTECTIVE
ASSOCIATION.
Belleville, Ont., June T, 1910.
J. M. Hurley, Esq.,
Inspector of Fisheries,
Belleville, Out.
Dear Sir, — I wish to call to your remembrance that on the 9th day of Xovember,
1905, I deposited in Westmacoon and Otter lakes six cans of bass fry which you
kindly sent to us. The experiment was a decided success, they having done remarkably
well, and we have now the finest bass fishing in the north country. I wish you could
make it convenient to have a tish with us this summer.
Kespectfully yours,
JAS. KXOX.
SELKIRK HATCHERY.
Selkirk, Max., March 01, 1910.
F. H. CLNMNcaiAM, Esq.,
Superintendent of Fish Culture,
Ottawa, Canada.
Sir, — 1 have the honour to submit my first annual report on the work of the
Selkirk hatchery for the season of 1909 and 1910. ,
On November 18 I received my appointment as officer in charge of the hatchery,
and on the morning of the 19th I took over all departmental property in connection
therewith from W. S. Young.
I am very pleased to report that I found in this hatchery seventy million of white-
fish ova, in first class condition; which had been secured from the Little Saskatchewan
river, and placed in this hatchery by the above officer.
At this time the prospects for a record hatch are very promising. There are in
tlie jars between fifty and sixty million whitefish eggs, which are all eyed out and in a
very healthy condition.
During the hatching period everything ran along in a very satisfactory way, until
the ice got so thick that it interfered with the intake pipe, which I found to be in very
shallow water, the ice fi-eezing to the bottom blocked it up. In order to overcome thi>.
we had to cut the ice away from around the end of the rose; which had the desired
effect of relieving the pump. When the ice broke up in the river, during the freshet,
it also blocked the end of the intake pipe, which necessitated turning the pump on to
the well for a few hours. As soon as the ice moved, we again turned the pump on to
the river and with difficulty managed to keep it working for the balance of the season.
Before another season I would suggest that the intake pipe be extended so as to
reach the channel of the river, wliich would overcome the trouble experienced this
season.
Following are a number of communications received from persons most deeply
interested in the fisheries of Lake Winnipeg with regard to the result.s derived from the
operations conducted at the Selkirk and Bercns river hatcheries: —
WlNNlPEC. :N[arch 2.".. 1910.
W.M. Overton, Esq..
Offici^T in charge at Selkirk and lierens River Ifatcherics.
Selkirk. :\[an.
Dear Sir. — It appears there existed some misapprehension regarding tlie wis.lom
of spending money on government hatelieries. When we consider the increase in the
312 . MARINE AND FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
production of whitefisli during the past year in Lack Winnipeg, we are convinced
tliat that increase was stimulated by the hatcheries, and if sufficient hatcheries are
maintained, we need have no fear of depletion; especially if the laws governing fisher-
jncn are maintained in the future as they have been during the past few years.
I hope to see more hatcheries, and a continued increase in the production of white-
fish.
Yours truly,
(Signed) Wm. Robinson.
Selkirk, Man., March 31, 1910.
Mr. Wm. Overton,
Selkirk.
Dear Sir, — Regarding the conversation I had with you as to the benefit of the
iiatcheries on Lake Winnipeg, I am satisfied that the great increase in the catch of
whitefish shown in the lake, is due to the good work being done in the hatcheries now
established, and I am satisfied that if a hatchery was established at the mouth of the
Little Saskatchewan river, the results would be almost doubled.
Yours truly,
(Signed) J. W. Simpson,
Manager Northern Fish Co.
Selkirk, Man., March 18, 1910.
Wm. Overton, Esq.,
Officer in charge at Selkirk and Berens River Hatcheries,
Selkirk, Man.
Sir, — I am pleased to say that, from the splendid condition of your whitefish eggs
this season, I am satisfied that the hatcheries in both the north and south ends of the
lake are doing good work, and the large catch of whitefish during last season is due to
them. This should convince the most sceptical that the hatcheries are a success, and
I would like to see more hatcheries established.
Yours truly,
, (Signed) S. Sigurdsson.
Selkirk, Man., March 25, 1910.
W^r. Overton, Esq.,
• Officer in charge, Selkirk and Berens River Hatcheries,
Selkirk, Man.
Dear Sir, — On a number of visits to your hatchery I was very much pleased to
see such a number of whitefish eggs and in such a good condition. I am more than
convinced that artificial propagation is a success and is the means of replenishing
the lakes and rivers with fish in a far greater degree than the natural propagation.
In my opinion artificial propagation of fish should be encouraged.
Yours very truly,
(Signed) T. J. Jones,
Manager, Winnipeg Fish Co., SelJcirJc.
In conclusion, I may say that the Selkirk and Berens River hatcheries enjoy the
approval and sanction of the public, which they have earned for themselves and fish
culture in general by the evident benefits they have conferred upon our waters. After
a fair trial our hatcheries now stand in greater favour than ever before, and it must
be claimed that this is evidence of the good condition of our fisheries. The past sea-
/•7.S// BRKl-JDIXG 313
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
son has been one of the best for years. This great improvement in the fishing is
generally conceded by all our fishermen and others interested to be the work of the
hatcheries, coupled with the protection of the lake.
I have the honour to be, sir,
Your obedient servant,
WM. OVERTON,
Officer in charge.
BERENS RIVER IIATCTIERY.
Bkhens Rivkk, March 31, 1910.
F. 11. Cunningham, Esq.,
Superintendent Fish Culture,
Ottawa, Ont.
Sir, — I have the honour to submit my first annual report on the operation of the
Berens River Hat<!hery, located at Berens river on the east shore of Lake Winnipeg,
and one hundred and seventy-five miles north of Selkirk, for the season ending March
31, 1910, and in doing so I am pleased to say that we have been very successful.
My appointment as officer in charge of this hatchery took eff'ect on the 18th day
of November, 1909, and when taking it over from ^fr. W. S. Young, inspector of
fisheries, he reported to me that he had placed in the jars one hundred million white-
fish eggs in good condition.
On the 9th day of March last, in company with Mr. Alex. Finlayson, Inspector of
Hatcheries, we proceeded on a trip of inspection to Berens River hatchery, arriving
there at noon on the 13th after a fairly good trip, considering that the accommodation
along the route was not all that could be desired;
I found in the hatchery between seventy-five and eighty million whitefish eso^
in the eyed-out stage, and which were in the very best of condition and the prospects
are that, barring accidents, a record hatch is assured.
I was gratified to find the hatchery in a very clean and tidy condition.
On the morning of the 14th we left on our return trip, and arrived in Selkirk
on the morning of the 18th, making the round trip in ten days. Since coming home
I received the following report from the foreman, Mr. D. McEwen: —
Berens River, April 3, 1910.
Wm. Overton, Esq.,
Officer in charge, Selkirk and Berens River Hatcheries,
Selkirk, Man.
Dear Sir, — As this is most likely the last mail going south before open water, I
write to you to the effect that everything is much the same as when you paid your
visit. Eggs are all throbbing with life, and I anticipate the heaviest hatch yet pm-
duced from this institution.
Yours truly,
(Signed) D. [NfcEwEN.
In conclusion I would say that the whitefish fisheries are in a very healthy con-
dition, and, as the records of last season will show, whitefish were more numerous
than thoy have been for some years, which is conceded by most people to be the result
of the department's efforts to keep up the supply of whitefish in Lake Winnipeg.
I have the honour to be, sir,
Your obedient servant,
W^r. OVERTON.
Officer in charge.
314
MARINE AND FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
Selkirk, Man., March 31, 1910.
F. II. Cunningham, Esq.,
Superintendent of Fish Culture,
Ottawa.
Sir, — I have the honour to submit for your consideration, my annual report on the
operations carried on at the department's whitefish fishery, stationed on the Little
Saskatchewan river. Lake Winnipeg, in the fall of 1909.
On the 6th day of September, on instructions contained in departmental letter of
the 30th August, owing to the resignation of Mr. F. W. Hooker, I took over both the
Selkirk and Berens river hatcheries from him; also the department's whitefish fishery
station situated at the Little Saskatchewan river, on the west shore of Lake Winnipeg.
On the morning of the 9th we had outfit, &c., aboard F. P. C. Lady of the Lake,
and proceeded to Berens river, arriving there on the morning of the 10th. On the
morning of the 11th, after the balance of outfit was aboard, we proceeded across the
lake to the Little Saskatchewan river, arriving there at 4 o'clock in the afternoon. By
the evening of the 17th we had a pound net set in the river; and on the morning of
the 18th took o\it seven thousand parent whitefish, which averaged larger in size than
the previous year's fish by almost half a pound to the fish. Altogether we were suc-
cessful in capturing sixty-five thousand (65,000) parent whitefish, which we were en-
abled to keep in the crates in a much better condition than in previous years.
Owing to the strong current in this river, I found it necessary to build a break-
water of one hundred feet in length, and placed in twelve feet of water, which we built
of logs and then filled with boulders, which had the effect of breaking the current in
this river so that the fish were in practically still water, which is absolutely necessary
in order to keep these fish in good condition.
' This breakwater dock was also necessary on account of the amount of slush which
comes down this river in the fall and early winter every season, and has in previous
years carried away everything before it. We could not leave our crate docks in place,
as they would be carried away, but I am pleased to say now, that this dock has over-
come the trouble and expense, which we have been put to every year in rebuilding these
docks; as, in the future, they will not be interferred with when the slush is running in
the river.
We also built a log building 1(5 feet by 20 feet and one and one-half stories high.
The lower flat we used for the storing of the whitefish ova, until such time as we had
sufficient for a shipment to one of our liatcheries, and the upper flat for storing the
nets, &c., when not in use.
We secured the first whitefish sp:nvn on the 28th day of October, and by the 4t!i
November had sufficient for the Berens river hatchery. On the morning of the 5th
we proceeded to Berens river, and placed in that hatchery one hundred million (100,-
000.000) whitefish ova in first-class condition. On the morning of the 6th we returned
to the Little Saskatchewan river, arriving there in the afternoon of the same day.
On the niglit of llic 11tli tlic slush was running two feet thick in the river. We
commenced packing up and got ever^'thing aboard, including forty cases spawn by 7
o'clock on the morning of the 12th; but when the signal was given to proceed ahead,
by the captain, it was found that the Lady of the Lake was aground; the slush having
carried her on the bank of the river. By 11 o'clock, T am pleased to say, that by the
good work of the officers and crew of the Lady of the Lake and the spawn camp crev.,
she was again afloat and on her way to Selkirk. After leaving the river and the slush
ice behind, we encountere 1 about ei^lit miles of newlv ina<le ice. whicli was from half
i-isn i:in:i:iu\(i 315
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
an inch to two inelios in thickness. After we pa.-se«l througli this ice we did not see
any more, except what was formed in the hays and alf)nf; the shores of the lake, until
wc arrived ahout two miles from the outer stake at the mouth of the Red river. wh(>re
wo found the ice from one and one-half inches to two and one-half inches in thickness,
which we passed throujrh without much trouhle. Once we {?ot into the river the ice
was not so thick. At the forks of the river w eovertook the SS. Victoria, belonging to
the Department of Public Works, which, under instructions from the resident engineer,
^Ir. A. P. Dufresne, was kcepinfr the river open for us, which was very much appre-
ciated.
We arrived in Selkirk at two o'clock in the afternoon of the l-3th; and by the
evening: of the .same <lay had seventy milliDU (T<>.0()(>,0()()) whiteflsh eggs in excellent
condition placed in the jars of the Selkirk hatchery.
We still had a surplus of fort.v-six million eggs, which, on instructions from the
department, I proceeded with to Snake island. Lake Winnipegosis on November 19.
I was very pleased to have along with me Mr. Alex. Finlayson, Inspector of Hatcheries
tor the Dominion; and I am pleased to say that we were successful in landing the eggs
in the Winnipegosis hatchery in first cla.ss condition.
On instructions from the department of November IS, T turned over to Mr. Wm.
Overton the Selkirk and Berens river hatcheries, along with the whitehsh spawn plant,
situated at the Little Saskatchewan river. Lake Wiiniipeg.
All of which I beg to submit.
I have the honour to l)e. sir.
Your obedient servant,
W. S. YOUNG.
Inspector of FisJieries.
WINNIPEGOSIS HATCHERY.
Winnipegosis, Man., March 01. lOlo.
F. 11. ClNXlNGHA^r, Esq.,
Superintendent of Fish Culture,
Ottawa.
Sir, — I beg herewith to submit my annual report of the operations conducted at
the whitcfish hatchery situated on Snake Island, Lake Winnipegosis, Manitoba, for the
season of 1909-10.
The inspector of hatcheries, ^Nfr. Alex. Finlayson, reached here on -October IC,
accompanied by Mr. C. C. Ives.
The pound net was immediately overhauled, but unfortunately it was found that
the heart was missing and one had to be made which caused some delay.
We reached Waterhen river on October 19, and, after going down the stream
for some distance next day decided to set the net at Long Island. This work was
completed on the 24th and the first lift, in which one hundred and twenty whitelish
were taken, was made on the 25th, but as the number uf tish taken in this way did not
increa.se, we iK'gan, <>n the 3(ith, to tisli with gill-nets and made some very good catches,
considering the kind of nets that we had at our command.
We continued to fish until November 7, when as the river began to freeze, we
brought what eggs we had collected to the hatchery and placed them in the liatching
jars.
316 MARINE AXD FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
As we had left five hundred- fish in the crates at the Waterhen river, the tug and
crew returned on the 9th for the purpose of spawning what fish were ripe and to tow
the balance to the hatchery, but as the pontoon was only a temporary concern, and the
weather rough, it went to pieces and we lost three hundred fish. However, we reached
the hatchery on the 10th and the lake froze over the next day. From the operations at
the Waterhen river we secured about twenty-four million eggs which were placed in
the jars in splendid condition. We afterwards received a shipment of some forty-six
million eggs \\hich were taken at the Little Saskatchewan river, Lake Winnipeg, under
the supervision of Inspector W. S. Young, which enabled us to start the long winter's
hatch with some seventy-six million eggs in the hatching jars.
The temperature of the water at this time was 34 degrees, and it remained at this
temperature until about March 15, when it began to slowly rise and at the time of
writing is 38 degrees.
The first eyed eggs were noticed on January 10 and on March 18 a few began to
hatch. On March 24 I doubled up all the jars and measured the eggs and found we
had 41,040,000 eggs in fine condition, and as very few of these will now be lost I
estimate the output of fry at about 40,000,000.
At times during the winter we were greatly bothered with air in the water which
would form in small globules on the eggs and float them out of the jars. What was
the cause of it we have not been able to find out, but as soon as the lake began to
open up at the outer end of the dock the trouble ceased. I consider that quite a lars'e
percentage of our loss of eggs was due to this cause.
This being our first hatch I cannot at present give you any reliable information
as to when we will be through, but I think that if the weather eontinues fine the
hatching should be completed by May 15, but Ihe fry will not be liberated until the
ice is all out of the lake.
The collection of eggs was carried on under the direction of Alex. Finlayson,
Inspector of Hatcheries, and the success attending the operations is largely due to
his untiring efforts.
I' have the honour to be, sir,
Your obedient servant
A. J. McPHEESON,
Officer in charge.
FRASER RIVER HATCHERY.
Box Accord, B.C., March 31, 1910.
F. H, CuxNiNGHAM, Esq.,
Superintendent of Fish Culture,
Ottawa.
Sir, — I have the honour to submit my annual report of the operations carried out
at this hatchery from March 31, 1909, to March 31, 1910.
During that time the following fry were liberated: —
Speckled trout 66,500
Atlantic salmon 90,000
Sockeye salmon 9,370.000
Total output for the season 9,526,500
/•7,s7/ BREi:DiyG 317
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
Distributed as under: —
ATLANTIC SALMON'.
(Ova received from the cast, 100,000.)
When and wliere distributed: —
Juno 20, 1909— Into Nanaimo river 4,000
" 20 " " Home hike 9,000
" 25 " " Lillooot river 5,000
" 28 " " Kokselah river. . . 8,000
"• 28 " " Hutton creek 4,000
July 8 " " Campbell river 15,000
" 10 " " Shawnigan lake 8,000
" 14 " " Comox lake 15,000
" 16 " " Cowichan lake 15,000
Kept for Western Exhibition 7,000
Loss in eggs and fry 10,000
SPECKLKD TROUT.
(Ova received from the east, 75,000.)
When and where distributed: —
May 20, 1909— Into Coquitland lake 4,500
Brunette river 3,000
May 21, 1909— Into Sooke lake 18,000
Cowichan lake 8,500
Duncans for Sutton creek 7,000
Koonings for Shawnigan 18,000
Victoria for Bullen and Croft 7.000
Chemainus 500
Loss in eggs and fry. . . 8.500
75.000
SOCKEYE EGGS.
(Received in hatchery, 10,592,000.)
When and where distributed : —
January 25, 1910— Into Lillooot river. 1,000,000
" 26 " " Lillooet river 709,000
" 28 " " Hatchery creek 841,000
" 31 " '' Sturgeon slough 841,000
February 3 " " Hatchery creek 283.000
4 " " Dawson Bay Pitt river 841,000
" 5 '* " Dawson Bay Pit river 841,000
7 " " Sturgeon slough 841,000
8 " "• Head of Pitt lake 841,000
9 " " Silver creek 841.000
10 " " Silver creek 1,491,000
Loss in eggs and fry 1.222,000
10,502.000
318 MARINE AXD FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
Our ova this season was nearly all obtaiuofl from outside sources, the only excep-
tion being 500,000 sockeye eggs captured in Cultas lake creek. We also got from the
same creek about 1,000,000 which were forwarded to Harrison hatchery, and were still
spawning (as there were still many fish remaining to be stripped), when a freshet un-
precedented hitherto washed out bridges and roads and stopped further spawning opera-
tions; luckily our fencing held good and our loss in material was small.
We had two shipments of sockeye eggs containing in all 10,000,000 from Granite
creek. These were taken early in the season and reached the Bon Accord in September
in very good shape notwithstanding the long journey and frequent handling; they eyed
in about 35 days and were hatched out in about 80 days and throve well until liberated
in February, 1910.
The Atlantic salmon and speckled trout eggs arrived in March and April, 1909;
they hatched out well with but small loss and were distributed by the end of July at
the various points mentioned, principaly on Vancouver island.
We still have in the troughs undergoing incubation about 500,000 sockeye eggs
taken in Cultas lake creek, but the run of fish there is always late, and these were not
got till December, and as these eggs take a long time to hatch and grow slowly, the fry
will not appear till next year's returns.
As we had no sudden variation of temperature and no extreme cold (not having
gone below 12° above zero), our eggs and fry hatched and did well this season; our
greatest hindrance being mud brought into the troughs by the frequent freshets, whicli
being of a clayey nature is hard to get out again.
The season's work has on the whole been satisfactory.
I have the honour to be. sir.
Your ol)edient servant,
W:\r. ROXBOROUGH,
Officer in Charge.
SKEENA RIVER nATCHERY.
Lakelse Lake, B.C., March 31, 1910.
F. H. CUXXIXGHAM, Esq.,
Superintendent of Fish Culture,
Ottawa.
Sir, — I have the honour herewith to submit to you my eight annual report of
operations at this hatchery for the season of 1909-10.
During the early part of April, 1909, 4.293.200 sockeye fry were liberated from this
hatchery in splendid condition.
On July 22nd. Mr. J. B. Johnstone and self left Port Essington with Indians and
canoe for the hatchery and arrived there on the 25th after a somewhat easy trip upthe
river in comparison to what we have usually had.
On arriving at the hatchery I engaged l^fr. R. T^angley and W. "McPhee for the
season's work to fill the vacancies on account of G. Kelly and Stanley Whitwell having
resigned.
On the 28th we caught some beautiful bright sockeyes for the house close to the*
hatchery and the next <lay we took a trip up the Lakel'^e river and all round Lakelse
lake and I was agreeably surprised to se(> such a vast amount of sockeyes at the mouth
of the Schalbuckhand river so earlv in the season.
Fiail BREEDIXi} 319
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
Oil Aufriist tile I'm I \\v left tlio liiitt-liery with all lu-cessary things for the Sehal-
biickhaiul river, and after puttiiiff up our tent, ic, we eoiiinieiiced to j)Ut our fences
and pens in position, and all the fences, traps, kc, staked and ^-ocked on the night
of the 5th.
We then returned to the hatclK-ry and tinished getting everything ready there for
receiving the ova. We started spawning on the dth. and found a good quantity of
sockeyes in the iwns. but a very large ix-rcentage of them male fish and very hard and
inimature; we then transferred most of them into a reserve pen and only suecee<led
in getting .')4.(l()() eggs on that date.
On the l-'Uh the fish were in a nuieh better condition, and after that date we had
no trouble in getting all the ripe fish that we wanted until we had fielled the hatchery
up with 4.43«),00<) eggs, all we could accommodate.
We started spawning on the 9th and finished on the 2r)th of August, wliith was
Seven days earlier than any previous record.
Having tilled the hatchery to its utmost capacity at such an elirly date, I decided
to let the |>ens and fences remain in to see what quantity of fish came to that par-
ticular river.
We went to the traps every other day and up to 11th September we released nine
pens of splendid ripe soekeyes. allowing them to go up the river and spawn on the
natural grounds, after that date we could not keep track of any fish on account of high
water, so we knocked some pickets off the pens and allowed the fish to go right through.
I don't think that we should have had any trouble in getting double the quantity of
eggs that we did if only we had room for them.
We had continual heavy rain and freshets all summer and could not take our
pens and fences out of the river until October 3rd. consequently we had a great quan-
tity of mud and silt to contend with in the hatchery, but notwithstanding all those
disadvantages the ova was in splendid condition throughout the season and also the
fry until the last lot was liberated on April 13.
The whole season was the worst that I have ever experienced for eight year>i; wo
had about three months rain and the remainder snow, so much so that on ^farcli 7,
lOlO. the snow was 0 feet S inches deep, and the total snowfall from Xovember 10 to
April 14 was 304 inches.
Messrs. Johnstone, Laniiley. Williams and self left the hatchery on the l."»th of
Aju-il for Port Essington and there was still 4 feet 7 inches of snow on the level on
that date.
Although a long and dreary winter, I am pleased to report, with the assistance of
^fessrs. Johnstone. Langley and McPhee. who took a great interest in the work, that
we finished one of the most successful season's work that we have ever had at this
hatchery.
320
MARINE AND FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 191 I
1909-10.
Record of Sockeye Ova and Fry at Skeena river Hatchery.
Date.
Ova
Collected.
When Eyed.
Commenced
Hatching:.
When Liberated.
1909.
August 9 .
11.
13.
H.
16.
17
18.
19.
20.
21.
23.
24.
25
54,
88,
272,
272,
640,
224,
316,
368,
370,
416,
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
September 12. .
15..
19..
20..
21 . .
23..
24..
24..
25..
27..
808,000 .- 29...
328,000 M 30.
280,000 i October 1,
4,436,000
November l9 . .
29..
December 5. .
9..
13..
17;.
18..
20..
23..
27..
1910.
January 3
■^^"^••y j^; JijJJ} Cold water River.
April 11, 12 and 13, 1910; Coldwater
Lakelse Rivers.
I . . .
9...
Number of eggs put in hatchery 4,436,000
Number of bad eggs picked out. . 242,900
Fry liberated 4,193,100
I am, sir, your obedient servant.
THOS. WHITWELL,
Officer in charge.
GANITE CREEK HATCHERY.
Ku.xLT, B.C., March 31, 1910.
F. n. CUNNINGII.\M, Esq..
Superintendent of Fish Culture,
Ottawa,
Sir, — I beg to lay before you the following report on the operations of this hatch-
ery, during the past season, 1909-10.
During April, 1909, the last of the former season's salmon fry had been released,
and towards the close of that month, in accordance with instructions from Mr. C. B.
Sword, Inspector of Fishei'ies, I went to Adams' lake in search of a suitable stream, at
which lake trout ova of the Kamloops and Kootenay variety might be secured, for the
stocking of other lakes barren of trout.
I selected Pass creek on Skwa-am bay, and constructed a wattle trap of the old
Indian pattern, which was later improved by driving sawn pickets.
The spawning season there proved to be later than on the Shuswap, which may be
accounted for by the difference in altitude, the Adams' lake being 210 feet higher than
the Shuswap.
It was May 20 before the spawning fish entered the stream.
FISH BREEDINQ 321
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
The altitude of Adams' lake is 1,364 feet above sea level, and I may add here, that
at a small lake on the plateau to the east of the Adams, and at an altitude of 5,000
feet, the same variety of trout do not spawn until the latter part of July.
We brought to the hatchery from Pass creek 100,000 eyed eggs of the Kamloops and
Kootenay lake trout, which were distributed as hatching ova, 45,OjO; and as fry 50,000
in the following waters : —
Elk river, Fernie, B.C 20,000 eyed ova
Green lake. Cariboo road 25,000 "
Lake near Dot, Nicola 4,000 fry
Long lake, Kamloops 2,500 "
Turn Water, Revelstoke 5,400 "
Williamson's lake, Eevelstoke 600 "
Chase's lake, Shuswap 10,000 "
White lake, She-whap-muh peninsula 20,000 "
Donnachy lake, She-whap-muh peninsula 1,000 "
Paul's lake, Kamloops 5,000 ''
Deep creek, Okanagan 2,000 "
Mr. F. Parry, of the hatchery staff, made the plantings at Green lake, Deep Creek
lake, and the lake above Dot, and assisted by Fishery Officer Mr. J. T. Edwards,
Paul's lake and Long lake.
His observations at Green lake, supplemented by inquiries among old time resi-
dents, are as follows : —
The lake is situated about seventy miles north of the main Canadian Pacific rail-
way line at Ashcroft, is about twenty miles long, by from three to five wide, lies low,
surrounded by spurs of a lofty plateau.
A good sized stream free from alkali flows in at the upper end, and during the
spring several small creeks inclined to be saline, flow in from the west.
Residents and freighters claim that the surrounding country has been steadily
becoming drier.
The outlet of this lake which 15 years ago, according to report, was eight feet
f^cep by 40 feet wide, has for the last 10 years been dry.
It flowed into the Bonaparte river. Suckers are numerous in this lake with an
abundance of fresh water shrimps and other fish food.
The ova, amounting to 25.000 were planted on the east side, in a stony cove that
was free of suckers.
The journey from the railway at Ashcroft took three days with a buggy, and one
change of horse.
All creeks and lakes from Ashcroft for 35 miles north either have or had trout.
Irrigation is responsible for their depletion.
One of the late hotelkeepers when wishing trout used to turn the water into his
irrigation ditches, then shut it off; as the water soaked away the ditches provided a
harvest of about 200.
This is the means that used to be employed all over the irrigated belt, from the
boundary northwards.
Incidentally, Mr. Parry reports that the Bonaparte river is one of the best spawn-
ing beds for salmon that he has seen : not to swift, with a splendid gravel bottom.
Salmon are excluded from this river by a fall of 50 feet. A practicable fish ladder
here and the planting of the Bonaparte with spawn would, he thinks, make it a most
valuable addition to the salmon breeding grounds.
The lake at Dot is about 12 miles from that station on the Canadian Pacific rail-
way. Nicuhi brnnoh; the road rising .S.OOO f.^et or more in that distance.
It is about two miles long, and is dammed for irrigation.
It has two creeks flowing into it, possibly only during the spring.
22—21
322 MARINE AND FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
As a thunderstorm was raging, and night approaching, Mr. Parry was unable
to gain further information regarding conditions there.
Long lake : from 25 to 28 miles southeast from Kamloops, he heard becomes some-
what warm during summer, and may in consequence prove unsuitable.
Tum water (Chinook for waterfall) creek, flowing into the Columbia river oppo-
site Revelstoke, I found had already trout.
Mr. McLean, Provincial fire ranger, whom I met, told me of a chain of small lakes
or ponds, three miles from Revelstoke, known as Williamson's lakes, that had no trout,
but where according to his descriptions, conditions were favourable.
He offered to provide a horse and buggy if I would take some fry there. I there-
fore took about 600 of the Tum water 6,000 to that place.
The conditions I found there were very good, especially for brook trout; a good
breeding creek with fresh sparkling water, and a number of ponds.
The fish, however, as at Tum water are liable to descend into the Columbia river.
Chase's lake, 2J miles south from Squila on the Canadian Pacific railway, one
mile and a quarter long by about, one-third of a mile wide.
Much of it is bordered by marsh.
It contains abundance of minnows, tadpoles and many other kinds or fish food.
White lake, 5 miles long, with a greatest width of Ij, is situated amid the most
beautiful surroundings, in the heart of the She-whap-muh Peninsula, which is almost
i^urrounded by different arms of the Shuswap lake. It has at its upper end a very
good spawning stream in Cedar creek.
The trout in this lake, Kamloops, and Silver have been almost fished out.
Quite a few suckers and squawfish were in evidence, with myriads of minnows.
Emerald lake would have been a more suitable name for this beautiful sheet of
water, but has already been appropriated.
The bottom is a bed of white carbonate of lime, and is covered around the edges
by a coral-like, cream coloured cretaceous moss, which suggested a vegetable origin
for the soft limy deposit on the bottom, which appeared to be provided by the de-
composition of this moss.
Pieces of limestone picked from the lake showed on the upper or exposed side a
network of deep branching furrows, which would incline one to believe that this moss
through a power to generate carbonic acid was dissolving and eating out the lime,
taking it into its own composition, then on decay releasing it.
From the surrounding hills this lake appears, especially over its shallower parts,
of a bright emerald green, and many of the minnows it contained were of the same
brilliant colour.
Donnachy lake on the same peninsula is only a few acres in extent, and although
surrounded by narrow strips of marsh is quite deep.
A small perennial stream flows into it, providing a suitable spawning bed, but is
blocked at its mouth by a sud growth of aquatic plants and moss through which the
water from the creek percolates to the lake and which excludes fish from the creek.
A ditch shall have to be cut here to open connection between the lake and this
its feeding stream, thus admitting the trout released there to a spawning bed, for
if they took the outlet the fry hatched from their ova would in all likelihood be carried
by the current into the Great Shuswap lake below.
The same shall have to be done at Chase's lake and Deep Creek lake within the
next two years, by which time these trout shall be ready to propagate.
I believe that many of the lakes surrounded by fringes of marsh and barren of
trout have become so by acquatic plants and swamp moss having gradually taken
possession of the outlets of small streams flowing into them.
Old beaver dams, after the beaver have disappeared and which becomes covered
with a thick growth of brush, in some cases have produced the same result.
FISH BREEDING 323
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
To get the fry to Donnacliy lake we had first to cut a trail four miles long, with
a rise of 900 feet in the first two miles.
The fry were carried up in pails, 250 at a trip; the pails covered with mosquito
netting to save the fish in case of accident; another man packing a load of water with
which to replenish the pails.
There were no fish of any kind in the lake, but it was teaming with many kinds
of water insects.
Tho water was quite cool, dropping away in places to black depths.
Many small shallow ponds surrounding were seething with mosquito larvJE, where
myriads of frogs kept up an incessant chorus.
As I released the first of the fry, a back-swimming water bug of the family
notonectidcc seized one, piercing it with its sharp poi.sonous beak, which soon produces
paralysis and death in the small fish. However, within a minute the young trout
were the aggressors, darting at these bugs whenever one appeared and putting them
to flight.
At Paul's lake, about 12 miles northeast from Kamloops, on Reservation creek,
by which it is connected with Lake Pin-an-tan, which was stocked with these trout
last year, all the conditions are most favourable, with the same abundance of fresh
water shrimps and other fish food as at Pin-an-tau.
Deep Creek lake had been stocked the year before. Its size and the watchful pro-
tection given it by the settlers in the neighbourhood warranted the additional 2,000.
IRRIGATIGX AND TROUT.
All through the irrigated belt the lakes are becoming depleted through the fish
being stranded in irrigation ditches.
In some places the atmosphere used to be poisoned with the stench of dead fish.
It is useless restocking these depleted lakes until proper screens have been in-
stalled to keep the fish from entering these fatal ditches.
The schools of fry keep following around the edges of the lakes and on arriving
at the ditch head, if it be open, they will all go down onto the land.
This means of fishing, the turning on and off of water in ditches, used in places
to be a popular Sunday pastime.
SCREENS.
Screens, of course, become blocked with floating pieces of dried reed, dead leaves,
&c. Water bugs and small fish sucked against the screen by the current entering the
ditch also help to block them, and if the screen doesn't burst with the pressure, the
diminution of the flow of water in the ditch brings the farmer up. who is liable to
help the water through the screen by means of a few thrusts with a stake or anything
handi'.
A suitable screen for ditch heads at such places would be a flume reaching out into
the lake, and supported between two parallel rows of stakes driven into the lake bottom.
The flume closed at the outward or lake end, and closed on top by a movable cover or
lid, in section^^, loaded with a few stones to hold the lid in place when tho flume was
submerged at high water, or the lid hinged in sections and provided with fasteners.
The water admitted to the flume would come up through the bottom of light per-
forated metal sheeting, this bottom being on the low water level of the lake.
The length and breadth of flume would be governed by the amount of water re-
quired for the ditch, and the amount that would pass through per square foot of sheet
bottom, ample allowance being made for partial clogging by tho green fibrous vegetable
slime that grows in still and slowly moving water, but which growth would be retarded
bv tho exclusion of light by the cover.
22— 21i
324. MARINIC AND FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
At the opening- of the irrigating season this flume bottom of perforated metal
screen being well under water, leaves and other dry floating substances would not come
in contact with it, and small fish coming against this screen bottom of the flume, could
by their own gravity, and the tail being free, easily wiggle off.
Such a screen should be able to go without cleaning all through the irrigating
season, if thoroughly swept out and cleaned after removing the covers in the spring
before the water started to rise.
The lids would be necessary as the water might rise above the sides of the flume,
and there is always the person who would attempt to use such a flume as a fishing jetty
or wharf, and if luicovered, wade out on the perforated metal bottom with the same
disastrous results as stepping between joists on lath and plaster.
NECESSITY OF PROTECTION FOR STOCK TROUT.
Protection should be given these stock trout for three years after planting, thus
giving them an opportunity to spawn once.
Some anglers don't look upon them as stock fish, believing they are put in these
hitherto barren lakes to be fished out as soon as they reach a certain size, and long
before they have reached breeding age, the idea being that as soon as they are fished
out, the department will have the lakes filled up again.
Some people have the idea that a hatchery is an institution where, by some intri-
cate process large quantities of fish can be manufactured out of gravel and hot water.
Visitors on noticing our intake water pipe have asked me if that was the pipe
that the fish came up into the hatchery by to lay their eggs in the ova baskets.
They do not realize that in order to stock one lake we have to rob another, and as
sparingly as possible, especially if the lake be small. We meet with bitter and justifi-
able reproach from settlers near such lakes.
One beaming angler, with means and nothing to do but fish, spoke to me with great
enthusiasm about a lake we had stocked, hoping that we might use it as a station at
which to secure trout ova for other lakes. After describing his magnificent catches,
that had extended over the season, he told me with evident pride that he thought he
had secured the last one, and said there was great satisfaction in knowing that none
of them had been wasted, as he had been sending presentation strings to his friends,
who had greatly appreciated them.
In the interests of anglers who can only get away for an occasional days' fishing,
some limit should be put on the catch in small lakes, and on the number of consecutive
days that an angler can fish at an isolated lake, or one difiicult of access.
I have come upon evacuated camps that I discovered by the stench, where anglers
had camped for several days, catching fish that they could never hope to carry away,
and that were then polluting the breeze amid a buzzing haze of blow flies.
I have met anglers who had developed the record breaking mania, and one, such a
mania for accumulating fish, that he would have wept and trembled if he thought there
was one more fish left, and he was not permitted to lure it from the water with a fly.
I have come upon anglers still fishing, with an accumulation strung up at their
camp that could have been better described as smelts than trout.
All that some of them want is a snap-shot, wherein they appear rod in hand, behind
tier above tier of ofi'ensive fish.
* A bunch of speckled beauties,'
or * A few day's sport.'
MR. PISCOPIIALUS AND HIS CATCH.
It is a form of mental disease, and thoughtless selfishness that ought to be held in
check by the regulations, even though the prevention of gratification might send one or
two of the afflicted completely insane.
Finn BREEUISU 325
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
'J'lie earliest date on which I have found these trout (Sahno Kamloops) spawning
around the Shuswap, was May 3, and the latest June G. After spawning they are
poor and gaunt and most easily taken. Nature having provided them at that time with
a ravenous appetite to promote their recuperation, they will gulp anything.
I met an angler with 56 large fish, all of that species, although the Silvers were
equally numerous in the lake, his catch did not contain one representative.
SOCKEYE SALMON.
Early in August the weir and traps were replaced in Scotch creek for the sock-
eyo salmon.
It being the fourth yearly, or big run, when great numbers of these fish come to
spawn in the upper or interior reaches of the Eraser river, we had no difficulty in
securing abundance of ova.
At this stream we took 27,000,000 sockeye ova, and at Granite creek, after we
could get room for them, 500,000 of the last of the Granite creek run.
Ten million of the Scotch creek ova were forwarded to another hatchery, the
spawing grounds lately supplying which having been taken over by a larger institu-
tion erected in their neighbourhood.
To accommodate the balance we had to crowd the hatchery by placing a very
much greater quantity in the baskets and fit up eleven additional 23-foot troughs
outside, using some of the water from the hatchery over again.
With a new system of Clark or circulation gates fitting tightly between the
baskets, we were able to carry the greater quantity without any ova smothering
through lack of oxygen from impeded water circulation.
To relieve the troughs that could not have carried the resultant fry, 4,000,000
eyed egss- had to be planted out before hatching.
With the assistance of Mr. J. T. Edwards, fishery officer, 2,000,000 of these, just
on the point of hatching, were taken up the North Thomson and planted — 1,000,000
in the Barrier river and 1,000,000 in Lewis creek.
These streams having almost ceased to be breeding grounds of sockeye, owing
to conditions which have now been remedied.
Under the direction of Mr. C. B. Sword, inspector of fisheries, we planted another
2,000,000 in the Nicola river at Nicola, to establish same as a breeding ground for
sockeye.
Mr. Sword, who returned later, found them hatched out, the young fisli lying
close in the crevices between the stones where we had placed the ova.
Not having room at the hatchery we admitted the Granite or Hatchery creek
sockeye to the stream, where they spawned naturally. However, after some of the
Scotch creek sockeye had hatched, by doubling up, we had baskets available, and
took 500,000 Granite creek ova from the last of that run.
The last of the Scotch creek fry were released early in Ifarch, and these Granite
crock ova are hatching out now.
The loss was very small. The first shipment from Scotch creek, however, necessi-
tated a lot of picking, the boat containing them having been lost on the way to the
hatchery in a terrible storm in which our engineer, 'Mr. John L. Thomson was
drowned. The boat containing this load drifted ashore, where a settler, Mr. Cyril
Thomson, coming upon it thoughtfully kept the ova moist by occasionally pouring
water on the cases until we found and removed them two days later.
The Scotch creek fry were released at the hatchery in the shallows of Silk-at-kwa
bay through holes in the ice and in water from two to three feet deep.
LING.
The greatest fresh water enemy of the hatcheries is the fresh water ling. This
glutton for small fish is dull and stupid tlirough the bright light during the day, but
328 MARINE AND FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
at night when the small fry have settled on the bottom, crowding down and nestling
close together, the ling are slowly passing over the bottom and stealing upon their
victims that are drawn in by whole schools.
The ling is a night feeder with the appetite of a hog, and an amazing intuitive
knowledge of the whereabouts of fry. He can swallow until out of shape from dis-
tention and has a capacity for about three thousand salmon fry at one meal. Unlike
other fish they flee from a light.
The greatest enemy here of the salmon has been the man with the gun who can
never resist the chance to try his skill on an osprey or fish hawk, A few years ago
these birds were quite numerous. True, they caught many trout, but the ling were
their easy prey, and the osprey did his fishing principally on the shallows where the
ling lay.
Years ago a dozen or more white-headed eagles and half a dozen brown eagles
might be seen in the trees around Ilatherley Point. At Salmon Arm, too, there could
always be seen through the summer months in addition to many ospreys half a dozen
white-headed eagles watching these ospreys fishing over the Salmon Arm shallows.
When an osprey arose from the water with a sucker or ling, the eagles watching
in the cottonwoods darted after him, and they would ascend in a spiral, the osprey
trying to keep above the eagles, but weighted with his fish they would soon get above
him; then he would let it droji, and a swooping eagle would catch it in its descent
before it reached the water,
I have seen an osprey robbed of its fish suddenly swoop down on the meadow and
escape with a wriggling garter snake.
The ospreys generally had to go hungry until all the eagles had been fish fed.
Since the destruction of these fish hawks by sportsmen, the ling have increased
so that the natural balance is no more and the usefulness of this hatchery is very
seriously threatened.
'Nothing but the persistent slaughter of these ling can save our work from being
in vain.
• Thirteen years ago Indians camped here for the winter speared about twenty ling.
This winter we have speared tons.
I got the school boys interested in the execution, providing them with spears, and
found in them most enthusiastic allies.
When the ice was as clear as glass, before it became covered with snow, we could
sea the ling through the ice lying on the sandy bottom, sometimes beneath seven feet
of water, from which depth the bottom drops almost abruptly to 316 feet.
So dull and stupid are the ling during bright daylight, that they would not move
while holes were chopped over them with an axe, the spear lowered and thrust through
their heads.
One schoolboy aged ten found 14 in one bunch, chopped a hole and brought up all
14 one after another. Not one stirred until speared, and its struggles had no disturb-
ing effect upon the others. At night they were alert and on the move. After the deep
snow had covered the ice, they began to move about during the day. The weather, how-
iiver, became so severe, with wind, extreme cold and drifting snow, that work at the
spearing holes became impossible, as they could not be kept clear or open for a minute,
and we could not stand the exposure.
The work was therefore confined entirely to the movable house or shelter that
covered the hole in the ice, where the fry were released.
This movable house was made in six parts and could be put together in two
minutes on runners, enabling it to be moved over the ice.
It was 9 feet square, side walls 6 feet high and 8 feet high at roof ridge, made of
light, braced frames covered with cotton, and made impervious to light by two coats
of black asphaltum varnish.
FISH BREEDING 327
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
The prevalence of strong wind made it necessary to have it securely guyed from
the corners to stakes through the ice driven into the sandy bottom.
The snow shovelled back from the walls outside admitted better light through the
ice, the only light inside the house being a borrowed light through the ice floor and
tlie water hole, which was about throe feet square.
The spearmen guarding the fry were in darkness, and through the hole had a clear
view of the lit up bottom.
The fry for liberation were skimmed from the troughs and carried in large pails
to this house on the lake.
We could not lot them escape as ready, as a dredge was working in the creek, and
owing to the numbers of ling in the cliannel.
The fry when liberated first settle on the bottom, then arise in a circling army to
tlie surface. As they find their leaders and develop into schools they strike off close
under the ice, if there are only few ling about, and are gone in a few minutes. At other
times they get no chance to depart. They have stayed a whole day, circling around
and around at the hole under the shadow of the house, actually herded by surrounding
ling that were speared as soon as their shadows appeared on the sandy bottom.
At the approach of dusk these fry would all settle down on the bottom for the
night, crowding close together, an easy prey for the slowly drifting ling, that with
their huge mouths and wide loose gills, can draw them in with an inrush of water over
a distance of several inches.
At such times we had to stay by them day and night; at night with lanterns out-
side the house shedding a dull glow through the snow-encrusted ice
Though below zero without, it is not nearly so cold inside the little house, but
towards night the spear shafts would become thick and clumsy with their coatings of
ice, and one would have to keep clearing away the thin ice skum that kept forming on
the surface of the water hole.
We lie on sacks of hay, one on each side of the hole, and use the spear lying on
the left shoulder to enable us to see as far under the ice as possible.
At night the actual ling appears only as a dull uncertain shadow.
We tried all manner of spears, spring gaffs, &c., and found that for ling, which
are speared on the bottom, the old-fashioned five-pronged leister is the best.
They are difficult to extract from the fish and much time is lost in the effort, to
eay nothing of the holes punched through the black cotton roof by the end of the shaf •
las the spear comes suddenly from the fish after one has at last succeeded in standing
on it with both feet
However, I got around that difficulty by securely lashing at one corner of the
house inside, near the door, a simple contrivance made out of stout two-inch plank.
A square chute or box without a bottom; the back 32 inches long, coming down
to the ice floor; the sides and front 12 inches deep and 20 inches above the floor, leav-
ing room for another box to be placed underneath to receive the fish; a slot 1 inch wide
hy G inches deep comes half way down the front of this upper, bottomless box. The
ling on the end of the spear is swung over into the upper plank box or chute, the spear-
head falling into the slot. This upper box being securely fastened to the corner of the
house, one quick pull or jerk on the spear shaft releases the spear, and the ling drops
through into the movable fish box below which holds about 50. This box being taken
outside, emptied and replaced from time to time.
While the fry have been herded at one hole, we have made others some distance
off and relea.«ed fry there, but ling .soon get around there also.
The first sign of approaching ling are fry in panic fleeing for their lives.
The man lying on his shoulder, with his face close to the water, points his spear
in the direction from which they come. A shadow appears on the sandy bottom, drift-
ing along like a cloud, and generally before the snout of the ling comes into view
there is the crash of the spear through its hard flat head, followed by a splash as the
328 MARINE AND FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
spearman rises to his knees and swings the impaled fish over to the corner by the
door; then there is a crunch as he withdraws the spear from the ling's head behind
the slot, and the ling drops through into the box of fish below.
By that time another shadow is creeping up behind another string of fleeing,
panic stricken fry.
We killed ling by the hundreds before they had a chance to get any fish, and we
killed some that contained half a pint of fry.
By opening such ling and emptying the contents of their stomach into the water,
hundreds of little Jonahs escaped alive.
Most of these fry would sink to the bottom, being partially digested, but the living
ones would dart about in an excited and erratic manner, as if not knowing in which
way to fiee; then calming down would fall in place with some departing school.
The autobiography of a salmon, well illustrated, could be a narrative of wonderful
interest.
I examined the stomachs of char, whitefish, squawfish and suckers that ventured
to the hole where we released the fry and found them to contain few.
It is the night feeding habit of the ling that makes it so dangerous.
The safest time of day to release the fry is during the morning and early fore-
noon. The schools have then time to organize, scatter out and get some distance away.
Released during the afternoon they are soon overtaken by darkness, especially under
snow covered ice and settle down on the bottom a helpless prey for ling. Fry released
in the spring when the ice is gone and the light is long run much smaller risk.
We kept up the slaughter of ling for two months, but were unable to keep any
full record of the numbers killed. They were lying around so many holes and being
continually hauled away by settlers for salting down that to keep any tally was im-
possiblp
However, when the work was confined to the lake house we began to keep a
record and counted at each emptying of the box.
Some settlers were indifferent to these ling as food, declaring that ' they tasted
just exactly like a rattlesnake.' However, with others they were in great demand,
some coming with sleighs over a distance of twenty miles for them.
Saturday, February
12"^ 72 ling"\
13"' 75 "
14"^ 168 "
lo-n 360 "
IGm 441 .,
'About 5 suckers each day.
17'" 442 M
18m 47 „
Iflm 68 " J
Wind blowing a hurricane
20'" 0 "
21"' 66 "
1 sucker.
22'"' 122 "
3 white fish, 4 squaw fish, 10 suckers
2'3'-J 32 "
2 white fish, 6 suckers.
After which numbers steadily declined, until some days many hours would pass
without getting one.
Then a whirlwind struck our house, snapping the guys of stout, hard, braided
sashcord and taking it away like a balloon. When it landed some distance away on
the ice all that remained of it were a few black rags and splinters of wood.
The increase in catches I attribute to improved methods ; the decrease to resulting
scarcity of ling.
The largest- ling speared measured 2 feet 8^ inches and weighed 7| lbs. They
would average about 3 lbs. apicco. A iMb. ling can contain a J pint of salmon fry.
The fresh water ling is a snake like fish without scales. The colour is protective —
dark mottled green, in imitation of acquatic plants on lake bottom.
On February 16 I speared 101 during the noon hour. Every few days this lake house
was moved twenty yards or so to a clean spot, as the ice floor became incrusted with
ling blood, which was converted into red slop if the sun came out for an hour or so
FISU BREEDING 329
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
at noon through the black covering drawing the heat and making the house close
inside. The people in the neighbourhood called it the slaughter house.
The phyehic result of this continuous vigilance and slaughter of ling, which was
generally kept up until about two in the morning, was that after a while all those
engaged in it could not sleep without dreaming of ling.
Like the hatchery man who after long egg picking can see nothing when he closes
his eyes but a boundless expanse of salmon ova, we could see nothing but ling. Ling
that in our dreams became amphibious and developed miraculous characteristics with
a faculty for sudden metamorphosis that would arouse the envy of a lighting change
artist.
Millions of salmon fry are coming down the Salmon river. The channel at
Salmon Arm wharf, I hear, is full of them, and the ling following are in great num-
bers, the people shooting them from the wharf with revolvers and killing them with
oars.
The fish hawks should be given protection along the big lakes, but not permitted
to locate and breed at the small lakes where there are only trout.
They make the nest on a tree, the top of which has been broken off; such are
nearly always dead trees, and by chopping them down as the ospreys select them it
might be possible to drive them from the small lakes.
PAIUSITES.
Some of the ling contain white thread-like worms, five and six inches long. A
few have tough, elastic, blood-red worms, about two inches long. Clusters or colonies
of these are found coiled up in the membrane covering the liver, in which they pro-
duce a thickening. Two small varieties of leeches are also found upon them.
The worms occasionally found in salmon eggs are not similar to those that have
been found in the eggs of domestic hens. The discovery of an alimentary canal in
these disproved their being tapeworms.
From the water I have taken specimens of small white hair worms, identical in
appearance with the worms occasionally found in the eggs of the salmon, which may
I)ossibly be a species allied to the small hair worms thnt are sometimes found in
mosquitoes, gaining inseption while these Hies are in the larval stage and depriving
them of their power to propagate.
The season could not have Jbeen otherwise than successful, it being the big fourth
yearly run to the upper reaches of the Fraser.
Still the hatchery met a great misfortune in tb.e loss of John Laughlin Thomson,
our engineer, who was drowned on August 2G while bringing the first of the season's
sockoyo ova to the hatchery. Nothing worsfe could have happened. Fifty-two of the
55 miles had been passed when he ran into a terrible storm that was snapping ofF
stout trees ashore. Half of the time the rudder and propeller were out of water,
making stcaring ahead impossible. The heavy boat in tow was leaping onto the
stern of the little steamer, then jerking back, until the stout rope connecting them
snapped and the tow boat was swept away.
Thomson got back to a sheltered bay from where he watched the lost boat being
swept over towards a rocky shore. He was in charge, and although his companion,
the man at the wheel, pleaded that it was too rough to accomplish anything, he left
his shelter in an effort to save the lost boat, and got overboard in a sea so rough that
he could not be kept in sight. The man at the wheel, although he had no knowledge
of the engine, attempted to back down to him, but sent the boat ahead instead and
lost him.
The tow boat never reached the rocks, for after Thomson was gone the wind
changed and drove it back to whore it drifted aground in the same sheltered bay
from which poor Thomson had set out to save it.
330 MARINE AND FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
He was steady, anxious, reliable and one of the best hatchery men, but reckless
of danger. Though himself altogether to blame for not taking shelter when the storm
first came on, the department have lost in him a most faithful servant.
I am, sir, your obedient servant,
DAVID SALMOND MITCHELL,
Officer in charge.
HARRISON LAKE HATCHERY.
Harrison Hot Springs, B.C., March 31, 1910.
F. H. Cunningham, Esq.,
Superinetndent of Fish Culture,
Ottawa.
Sir, — I have the honour to submit herewith the annual report on the past season's
operations at this hatchery.
Between March 1 and May 1, 1909, twelve million salmon fry were liberated at
the hatchery from ova taken the previous fall. This number is made up as follows: —
Sockeye 6,350,000
Spring 5,200,000
Cohoe 450,000
Total 12,000,000
During the summer the hatching apparatus was repaired and lacquered, and
considerable work was done at Morris creek building retaining walls to confine the
water to one channel. This was rendered necessary by the low-lying nature of the
land at the mouth of the creek which permitted the stream to cut new channels when
obstructed by the fish fence. This work, though advanced sufficiently to be of use
last fall, is not completed, but will be finished this summer.
As the sockeye season of 1909 was the 'big' year of the four year cycle, a great
run of fish was expected by all. There appeared to be no diminution in the number
of fish which attempted to return to the Eraser river, but after the Puget Sound traps
and Eraser river fishermen had taken their toll a very small proportion found their
way to the spawning grounds.
Some sections of British Columbia fared better than others in this respect, but
the Harrison-Lillooet district in general, and the lower part of it in particular, ex-
perienced an unprecedented scarcity of salmon.
The first ova of the season was taken on September 10 from Silver creek, which
invariably has a small run of very early fish. Nets were used to capture the fish as
the creek is subjected to heavy freshets • which makes it prohibitively expensive to
fence, considering the small number of fish which come to the creek. Two million
eggs have been taken from it in a season, but only one and a half million were
spawned there last year, though water conditions were conducive to good fishing.
Perhaps half a million ova could have been taken at 20-Mile Point on the other
side of Harrison lake from Silver creek, but as no fish had been seen either of the
two preceding seasons no camp was located there.
The first Morris creek eggs were spawned September 23. Usually the first eggs
are taken about October 1 from this creek, and the early appearance of the fish was
taken as an indication of a heavy run. This proved to be wrong, however, for through-
out October, when the main run is due, the fish continued to run at the rate of five
or ten a day, instead of from 500 to 1,000 per day as in former years.
FISH BREEDING 331
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
This state of affairs may be the result of not returning the fry to the creek, as it
has been customary to liberate the Morris creek fry at the hatchery. To remedy the
deficiency if possible I have built a scow, 6 feet wide and 30 feet long, to transport
the fry back to the creek, and have already taken down six loads of a quarter of a
million each. About a mile below Morris creek are two dead-water sloughs from
which we got two million sockeye eggs from salmon similar to the Morris creek fish.
Seemingly it would be hard to find a more uninviting place for sockeye to spawn in,
yet twice as many fish entered these sloughs as went to Morris creek.
The Harrison rapids sockeye was also conspicuous by its absence, though many
were noticed in the deep water at the foot of the rapids, but like the previous year
there was a heavy run of spring salmon there, seven million eggs being spawned with-
out much trouble.
As public opinion attributes the dearth of sockeye at these places to the fact that
the fry had not been returned to their respective creeks, every one predicted an
abnormal run of fish to the Hatchery creek wherein all the fry had been planted, but
as only one and a half million ova was taken there some other explanation is in order.
This scarcity of sockeye here is inexplicable, when it is borne in mind that wc
had the largest late run of fish in the history of the Fraser and that these late fish
arc all supposed to spawn in the lower Harrison district. They continued to run
until December, and were the subject of a great deal of newspaper comment, but
they seemed lost and without any objective point.
On November 23 one million sockeye eggs were received from the Fraser river
hatchery spawn taking camp at Culties lake, Chilliwhack, and two later shipments of
half a million each from the same place helped to bring the total number of sockeye
eggs up to eight millions.
Seven million spring eggs and half a million cohoe make a total of fifteen and a
half a million eggs laid down in the troughs for the season and successfully hatched
with very little loss in the sockeye and cohoe. The spring eggs, which are very diffi-
cult to impregnate, gave us a lot of heavy picking.
All British Columbia hatcherymen, I presume, are familiar with the small stunted
male sockeye which accompany the full grown sockeye to spawn. I have seen hundreds
of males, but never until last fall had I seen similarly stunted females. Three speci-
mens, fully ripe, with about 500 averaged sized eggs, each of a pale green colour,
were caught and spawned, one at Silver creek, another at the rapids and the third
at the hatchery. The eggs from these fish developed into fine strong fry.
The large pond which is being excavated is nearly completed; when it is finished
the pond area will amount to half an acre.
I am, sir, your obedient servant.
ALEX. ROBERTSOX,
Officer in charge.
PEMBERTON HATCHERY.
LiLLOOET, B.C., March 31, 1901.
F. H. Cunningham, Esq.,
i Superintendent of Fish Culture,
' Ottawa.
Sir, — I bog to report to you on the operations of this hatchery for the year 1909-10.
The fry of last season numbering 19,137,000, of which 18,247,000 were sockeye,
and 890,000 cohoe, were liberated during April and May in the usual way, viz., being
allowed to depart when they felt inclined.
332 MARINE AND FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
During the summer months necessary repair work was done and preparations made
for the coming season when a large run of fish was looked for.
The first sockeye arrived here August 20, which is about the same time as in
former years, but only a few stragglers came until September 14, when a steady
though light run started which lasted until October 3.
Between the above dates (September 14 to October 3), which was the length of our
spawning season this year, 28,000,000 of sockeye ova was spawned and placed in the
hatchery.
Twenty-five millions of these were taken at the hatchery where two fences were
placed in the Birkenhead, and the remaining three millions in the lower part of the
river where the parent fish were taken by means of nets and the ova transported on
pack-horses to the hatchery.
Our best day was September 24, when 2^ millions were spawned.
A few millions more could have been taken in the lower part of the river, but I
felt that 28,000,000 were all we could safely handle. Owing no doubt to the lateness
of the run, the fish arrived in a riper condition than usual, consequently we were en-
abled to get better eggs with less handling of the fish than last year, and at a mini-
mum cost.
All the eggs were placed in the hatchery and kept there until just before starting
to hatch, when the outside hatcheries^were filled with the first spawned eggs, the re-
mainder being then evenly distributed throughout the hatchery.
Ponds were also constructed in the Birkenhead and used to relieve any over
crowded troughs. , The eggs started hatching on December 20 and finished hatching
March 12, the first hatched started to raise March 25.
Our total egg loss amounted to 2,772,000, leaving us a total of 25,228,000 fry for
distribution.
A large spring of water having an all year temperature of 43 degrees was intro-
duced into our water supply, giving us a more even temperature, which was: fall 43,
winter 35 to 37, and is at present 40 degrees.
It also removes the danger of our water supply freezing up during the cold
weather.
Taken in all the year just passed has been a most successful one with iis, and I am
pleased to be able to add in conclusion that the staff here have one and all done all
possible to help the work along.
I have the honour to be, sir.
Your obedient servant,
T. W. GRAHAM,
. Officer in charge.
RIVEES INLET HATCHERY.
Rivers Inlet, B.C., March 31, 1910.
F. H. Cunningham, Esq.,
Superintendent of Fish Cidturc,
Ottawa.
Sir, — I have the honour to submit to you my report of the operations at this
hatchery for the season of 1909-10.
On April 3, 1909, I commenced liberating fry, planting on that date 460,000, and
continued the work at various intervals until June 5, when the last were liberated,
making for the season a total of 13,300,000 fry.
FISH BREEDING 333
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
Some hundreds of thousands of these fry were planted at Quap creek and the
Waunock river, and a great many were put into creeks in the neighbourhood of the
hatchery. The bulk of tlieni, however, were put into the ponds, where they remained
for a couple of months, and then made their way to the lake, the greatest number
leaving about July.
There was a very good showing of salmon of all kinds in the lake during the sum-
mer, much better than I have seen in previous years. It was a notable fact that the
sockeye ran up creeks where they had never been in former years. This was the case
to a remarkable degree as regards the McTavish creek, from which the hatchery gets
its supply of water, and also the Chaktakalis and Cedar creeks. The run in the Mc-
Tavish creek was heavy, and several inillions of ova could have been taken had the fish
been expected and the creek prepared. In speaking to the Indians with reference to
this, they tell me that they have never known the sockeye to go into McTavish or Chak-
takalis creeks, and they express the view that these fish are from results of the opera-
tions of this hatchery.
The run of sockeye into the other creeks commenced from the 16th to the 18th of
September, when 250,000 ova were taken. The taking of ova was continued until the
8th of October, and about 7,000,000 ova secured, when a heavy freshet occurred and
washed out a part of one of the fences, and the fence at Zenessee was some feet xmder
water. There were a great many fish in sight at the time, enough to stock the hatchery,
but they all passed up to the spawning grounds and we had to wait ten days before any
further quantity of ova could be secured.
Upon resuming work on the 19th of October, 860,000 ova were taken, and we con-
tinued collecting until November 3, when the last shipment of 800,040 reached the
hatchery, making the total for the season 14,300,000.
Owing to the scarcity of male fish after the freshet there were many barren ova,
causing the picking for some months to be hea\'y„ hut there will be about 12,760,000
fry as the result of the season's work.
The first eyed ova began to show in about thirty-eight days after their being
received at the hatchery, the mean temperature of the water for that time being 45-77°.
During the early part of the hatching period the temperature of the water was
about three degrees warmer than at the same time last year, and the ova were eyed
six days earlier. The succeeding months were much colder and the temperature of
the water fell from 37° to 31°, and the first young fish were not hatched out until the
ISth December, ninety-four days from receipt of ova. The mean temperature of the
water from the time the ova were received until the first fish were hatched was 40-64°.
The weather during the past winter has not been very cold, but frost has been
continuous. The immense quantity of snow that has fallen has tended to keep the
temperature of the water low, thus retarding the hatching process. The mean tem-
perature of the water for the season is 36-80° as compared with 36-47° last year, which
was the coldest winter for years.
The ova in the hatchery at present are in very good condition, and the 3,500,000
fish in the troughs are doing well.
I have the honour to be, sir,
Your obedient servant.
R. C. BUCKNALL.
Officer in charge.
334 MARINE AND FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
BABINE HATCHERY.
Babine, March 31, 1910.
F. H. Cunningham, Eeq.,
Superintendent of Fish Culture,
Department of Marine and Fisheries,
Ottawa.
Sir, — I have the honour to submit the following report of the operations carried
out at this hatchery during the season of 1909 and 1910.
On April 1, 2 and 3 we liberated the 7,589,200 young sockeyes remaining in the
hatchery in Salmon river; they went out in splendid condition, and as the water was
very low I kept track of the young fish for several days after they were liberated. They
drifted down stream until they came to suitable eddies where they collected in large
numbers for three or four days, then drifted on down to the deeper holes with no
apparent loss.
We then got everything ready for the fall supply of ova and on August 24 started
putting in our fences in the creek at the head of Gourdeau lake, although there were
very few fish coming into the lake, and on September 10 spawned 204,000 eggs, and as
no fish seemed to be coming up the lake, we went down and put a fence in Salmon
river, at the hatchery, and as indications pointed to a very small run, we made fences
■for the mouth of Salmon river and put them in on September 23, but owing to several
Indian families fishing there, each fishing with two nets which went practically from
^hore to shore, and getting very few fish, I took nets and went to Tatcha river. This
is a large river thirty miles up Babine lake.
On arriving there I found considerable numbers of sockeyes, but mostly males,
as the run in this stream was almost over, but we succeeded in securing 500,000 eggs
which we took to the hatchery.
On October 4, as there were still very few sockeyes in Salmon river and the
cohoes beginning to come, we took nets and seines and went down to Babine river.
Babine river is the outlet of Babine lake and is thirty-five miles from the hatchery,
where we found a large number of sockeyes just beginning to spawn. We made camp
at one of the old Indian weirs and started fishing with a sockeye net used as a seine,
and would catch as many As from five to eight hundred at a haul. We had several
snow storms during spawning operations and the eggs had to be taken thirty miles
up Babine lake and three miles up Salmon river to the hatchery, but after twenty-two
days hard work we got 4,650,000 eggs, which filled all our troughs, making a total of
8,054,000 sockeye and 100,000 cohoe eggs collected.
Our eggs kept in splendid condition all winter, with the exception of one ship-
ment from Babine which experienced very rough weather on Babine lake and from
this we had a larger percentage of loss than usual, but our percentage of loss for the
season is small.
Only about two-thirds of our eggs are hatched to date as the eggs were taken very
late and had not the advantage of the warmer water early in the fall, but the young
fish came out strong and healthy, excepting that the ova taking 150 days or over to
hatch have a larger percentage of deformed fry, although the rest are quite strong
and develop very fast.
The eggs from Babine river are slightly larger and a more uniform size than
those from Tatcha or Salmon rivers.
FISH BRE1JIJ1.\(J
335
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
The first sockeye arrived in Babine river July 24, but not in any quantities till
about August 25, and there were sockeye spawning in Babine river as late as Novem-
ber 28.
The run of sockeye on Babine river was very good, although very late, but the
run in the creeks on Babine lake was very poor, especially in Salmon river.
The first sockeye arrived at Salmon river on July 28, and the first cohoe on
September 8.
We have had a very good winter, 39° below zero being our coldest, with 3 feet
of snow.
I am, sir, your obedient servant.
A. W. PRETTY,
Officer in charge^ Babine Lake Hatchery
■ Records of Sockeye and Cohoe Ova and Fry at Babine Hatchery, 1909 and 1910.
Date.
Sept.
Oct.
Ova
Collected.
Where Obtained.
204,000 Head of Gourdeau lake
260,000
336,000
352,000
320,000
290,000
410,000
364,000
500,000
256,000
loo,noo
1,000,000
1,250,000
181 1,200,000
23 1,200,000
At Hatcher}'.
Total .
Cohoe
Ova.
Oct. 14
8.054,000
A.t mouth of Hatchery creek.
At Tatcha river
At mouth of Hatchery creek.
At Hatchery
At Babine river
When Eyed.
Ui
C m
Date.
6^
'A-^
)ct. 5
25 1
9
25
13
26
14
26
com.menced
Hatching.
Date.
100,000
At Hatchery
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
18, 27
24 32
2 38
10 44
25: 57
2: 62
2 62
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
;^T5
Dec. 26
70
22 72
18 95
28l 102
17 121
31 1 132
20; 149
1 l.o6
6 160
9 161
13 164
13 164
24 167
\ Not hatched.
Mar. 21 157
Water
Temperature.
Month.
September
October. .
Novemlier
December
•Fanuary . .
February .
March. . . .
52i
47"
37i
34
34
34
34
Dead ^gs and fish picked out, 364,000.
STUART LAKE HATCHERY.
Stuart Lake, March 31, 1910.
F. H. Cunningham, Esq.,
Superintendent of Fish Culture,
Ottawa.
Sir, — I have the honour to submit the following report on this hatchery for the
past season. In the fall of 1908, 10,478,000 eggs were secured for this hatchery.
Eight million were placed in the hatchery and the balance planted in Cunningham
creek as I did not have sufficient room in the hatchery for the number taken. The
eggs were secured on Beaver creek, which is 13 miles from the hatchery, and they
were transported by pack horses. Beaver creek empties into Babine lake at the portage
336 MARINE AND FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
between the two lakes. There was a very large run of salmon on this creek, and I
could have without the least trouble secured twice the quantity. We commenced
spawning on August 24 and by the 15th of September had secured the above quantity
of eggs, and I am pleased to say that they were placed in the hatchery in very good
condition. The male fish outnumbered the females three to one, so I allowed the
Indians to catch all the males they required for their winter supply. The first ship-
ment of eggs commenced hatching on October 27, and by December 31 all the eggs
in the hatchery were hatched out. The temperature of water in the hatchery for
October was from 48° to 35°, and by the end of December it went down to 33° and
32°. We had some very cold weather in January, for three days it was 53° below
zero, and for three weeks it was never less than 48° below. We had a very hard time
to keep the hatchery from freezing up. With two large stoves going night and day
the water would freeze on a few of the troughs. The greatest trouble was with the
waste pipes. It would keep one man busy thawing them out with hot water and
sacks, also iron rods heated red hot. But with all this cold weather I am pleased to
say the fish did not suffer in the least. Between April, 1909, and May 16, 7,200,000
healthy young fish were liberated into the ponds. They were allowed to go out when
they felt inclined. I find this way to be very successful. From the time the eggs
were placed in the hatchery up to the time the fish were liberated was seven months.
When I arrived back from Vancouver in August there were still a few young salmon
to be seen in the ponds. These had grown to quite a large size.
In the fall of 1909, 6,325,000 eggs were secured for this hatchery— 2,000,000 were
secured on Beaver creek and 4,325,000 were secured at Penchie creek, Stuart lake.
The fish in the hatchery are doing very well and also the few eggs that are not hatched
out.
I am pleased to say that the mail service has improved a lot in this country. We
were only four months without papers this year, while the year before we did not
receive any till late in the spring.
I am, sir,
Your obedient servant,
HAKRY GIBBS,
Office?' in charge.
NIMPKISH HATCHERY.
Vancouver, B.C., May 12, 1910.
G. J. Desbarats, Esq.,
Deputy Minister of Marine and Fisheries,
Ottawa.
SiRj — We have the honour to report the results of our hatchery at Nimpkish lake.
Five million two hundred and thirty-two thousand eggs were taken out and
5,055,000 Bockeye fry liberated in lake.
The fish were planted from March 3i to April 20.
We are also pleased to report that the natural spawning grounds were well seeded.
Yours respectfully,
THE B. C. PACKERS' ASSOCIATION
W. H. Barker,
General Manager.
The output of fry from this hatchery for the seasnn of 1909 was approximately
4,500,000.
OYSTER CULTURE 337
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
APPENDIX No. 14.
REPORT ON OYSTER CULTURE BY THE DEPARTMENT'S EXPERT FOR THE
SEASON OP 1909.
Charlottetown, P.E.I., December, 1909.
To the Superintendent of FisLories,
Ottawa.
Sir, — I have the honour to submit to you my annual report on last season's work
in connection with oyster culture in the lower provinces.
On the opening of navigation the Ostrea was removed from her winter quarters
and got ready for sea, and upon receipt of instructions from your department, on the
13th day of May, the Ostrea was placed on patrol duty in the Northumberland straits
between Chockfish and Cape Tormentine on the New Brunswick side, also from Ciipe
Traverse westward on the Island side for the purpose of preventing the lobster fisher-
men in that locality from setting their lines before the 25th day of May. I was ac-
companied by Fishery Officer James Noonan, of Tormentine. This work was effectu-
ally carried out, no lines being run before the date mentioned. I then returned to
Charlottetown, where I coaled and watered steamer.
RICHIBUCTO, N.B.
I was then instructed to proceed to Eichibucto and Rexton to examine the river
and shores to ascertain if any areas could be found that were suitably adapted for the
purpose of transplanting small quahaugs in that vicinity. Bell's cove, just below
Rexton, was examined, as it appeared to be the only place which might be available
as fat as depth of water is concerned. It was found to be composed of very soft mud
and eel grass, and I would not consider it at all suitable to place any quahaugs there
either for growing or breeding purposes. No other areas were found in this locality
as the flats are so shallow they almost dry at low water mark. The channel is too
deep and the current too strong. I am also of the opinion that the water is too fresh
for quahaugs to live in at Rexton.
Another area was examined near the mouth of the river between Indian island
and the mainland, where there is a channel about a mile long and about one hundred
and fifty yards wide, with a suitable clean bottom, composed of shells, sand and stiff
clay. A few scattered oysters are found here, but of late years have become very
scarce. The Indians sometimes try to fish a few. Here the water is of a greater
density, and I am of the opinion that quahaugs or oysters would grow here if planted.
'S[v. F. W. Hannah, fishery overseer, accompanied me and very kindly gave me
all the information ix>ssible on the subject, and he does not know of any other areas
than those examined and mentioned above.
Since then no further action has been taken in this locality, but I would respect-
fully suggest that if an opportunity offers itself a few bushels of quahaugs might be
planted as an experiment. The expense would not be excessive as they could be pur-
chased when the market was quiet.
BAY DU YIN.
I then proceeded to Bay du Yin and examined the principal oyster areas there,
which are nearly landlocked, being bounded on the south by the mainland, on the
east by. Fox island and on the north by Egg island and Bay du Vin island.
22—22
338 ' . MARINE AND FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
On the southern side of the bay oysters are found on several beds, also scattered
over a large area of ground, which is composed of a clean, sandy bottom, mingled
with coarse stones and a few shells, varying in depth from five to about fifteen feet,
and as the water deepens the bottom is found to be of a softer nature, consisting of
a sticky muddy bottom. This area would be about six miles long and a mile and a
half or two miles wide.
On these flats and shallows eel grass grows in large quantities and scattered oysters
are found to be growing on the bottom.
One thing that was particularly noticeable is the immense number of mussels
growing on nearly every bed, literally covering the same, and they are spreading at
a rapid rate. These mussels should be allowed to be taken on shore at any time of
the year by farmers or any other persons desirous of doing so by obtaining a permit
from the fishery overseer, as they make an excellent fertilizer, and I am surprised to
learn that so few mu.ssels are utilized on farms where these shell-fish are abundant
and so easily obtainable. At the rate at which they are at present growing they will
soon smother the oyster beds entirely.
The same thing exists on the north side of the bay. The flats and beds are
shallow, and mussels are growing very thickly all over the beds, and the water deepens
ab®ut midway, forming a channel through the centre of the bay from the southwest
end of Bay du Vin island, running in an easterly direction to Fox island gully. The
oysters appear to be found in smaller numbers than when I made my previous ex-
amination some twelve years ago, and there are not so many small ones noticeable.
During the last two seasons the beds have been very heavily fished by many
strangers from all parts of the province, from Caraquet and Miscou all the way
down the coast as far as Cocagne and Shediac, and even from Prince Edward Island,
besides the local fishermen. I could not ascertain correctly the number of men fish-
ing on these areas, as most of them obtain their fishing license from the place they
belong to, but there has been an increase in the number of licenses issued in the
district of Fishery Overseer B. W. Smith, of Bay du Vin, for the last three years.
They are as follows: 1906, 76 licenses issued; 1907, 124 licenses issued; 1908, 242
licenses issued.
I would respectfully suggest that this area be divided into two sections, to be
fished on each alternate year, that the fishing area be divided by the channel com-
mencing at the lighthouses on the southwest side of Bay du Vin island and following
the course of the channel eastward up to Fox island gully, fishing on the south side
of channel during first season and on the north side only during the following season.
This would give the oysters time to put on a good growth before being fished.
A full report of my previous examination of Bay du Vin oyster areas is found in
the Annual Fisheries Keport, for the year 1897, page 269.
BIOLOGICAL WORK.
After finishing my work at Bay du Vin, I was instructed to meet Dr. Joseph
Stafford (McGill University), of the Marine Biological station in Charlottetown, and
give him every possible assistance with his oyster spatting experiments and to further
investigate the early stages of shell-fish life. He joined the Ostrea on June 30 and
was actively engaged each day in obtaining specimens until Sptember 4, when he left
the Ostrea at Malpeque, P.E.I.
Each day a plankton net was used to obtain plankton or the minute animal life
that is to be found in the water in a swimming condition, but invisible to the naked
eye. The mode is as follows : A net is made of silk or fine bolting cloth in the shape
of a funnel with an opening of about eighteen inches diameter at the top, which is
attached to a metal hoop of the same dimensions to keep the net open. This hoop
is then fastened to a long piece of codline and towed from the stern of the boat, and
can be regulated as to the depth required by a weight, the length of the line, and
OYSTER CULTURE 339
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
the speed of the boat. Sometimes it is towed on the surface of the water; at other
times it is allowed to sink below the surface. This net is about two feet long. The
lower part of it has an opening of about two inches in diameter to which the neck
of a milk or pickel bottle is inserted and securely fastened, and is towed from one to
four hours at a time. The net being towod .'slowly through the water, the material
it is made of acts as a filter, the water forcing itself through the fine meshes leaves
the animalcula) inside the net, which are removed to the bottle by loosely dipping the
net into the sea and raising it up in a perpendicular position, the contents are thus
washed into the bottle; it is then detached from the net and the specimens thus
obtained examined with the aid of a microscope.
Oysters, quahaugs, clams and mussels were also caught by the aid of a dredge
daily or when an opportunity offered itself, to watch the condition of the bivalves and
the ripeness of their spawn, &c. The temperature and salinity of the water was also
taken each day. The above work was carried on at the following places and dates: —
June 30. — Took plankton in East river (Charlottetown, P.E.I.) .
July 2. — Took plankton outside blockhouse (Charlottetown harbour).
July 3. — Left Charlottetown, arrived Shediac, N.B.
July 5. — Took plankton, oysters and quahaugs at Shediac.
July 6. — Took plankton at Shediac and Cocagne.
July 7. — Took plankton, oysters and quahaugs at Shediac.
July 8. — Took plankton, oysters and quahaugs at Shediac.
July 9. — Took plankton at Shediac.
July 10. — Took plankton at Shediac, Cocagne, Buctouehe and then proceeded to
Richibucto.
July 12. — Took plankton at Richibucto and Bay du Vin.
July 13. — Took plankton and oysters at Bay du Vin.
July 14. — Took plankton and oysters at Bay du Vin.
July 15. — Coaled and watered Ostrea at Chatham.
July 16. — Left Bay du Vin and took plankton at Buctouche.
July 17. — Took plankton at Buctouche, Cocagne and Shediac.
July 19. — Strong wind.
July 20. — Took plankton at Shediac.
July 21. — Took plankton at Shediac and outside of harbour.
July 22. — Took plankton at Shediac and Cocagne.
July 23. — Took plankton and oysters at Shediac.
July 24. — Took plankton in Shediac bay and outside harbour.
July 26. — Took plankton at Shediac and Cocagne.
July 27. — Took plankton at Shediac and Buctouche.
July 28. — Ran from Shediac to Summerside (lost plankton net).
July 29. — Coaled and watered Ostrea.
July 30. — Took plankton in Summerside harbour.
July 31. — Left Summerside and took plankton going into Shediac harbour.
August 2. — Took plankton Shediac harbour, Shediac bay, Cocagne and Buc-
touche; then proceeded to Richibucto.
August 3. — Took plankton at Richibucto ; then proceeded to Bay du Vin.
August 4. — Took plankton and oysters at Bay du Vin.
August 5. — Took plankton and oysters at Bay du Vin.
August 6. — Left Bay du Vin, arrived Caraquet.
August 7. — Took plankton and oysters at Upper Caraquet.
August 9. — Took plankton and oysters at Upper Caraquet.
August 10. — Heavy easterly gale with rain (no work).
August 11. — Took plankton and oysters at Caraquet.
August 12. — Left Caraquet, took plankton at Shippigan.
22— 22i
340 MARINE AND FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
August 13. — Left Shippigan, arrived Alberton, P.E.I.
August 14. — Took plaukton at Alberton and Malpeque.
August 16. — Took plankton and oysters at Richmond bay.
August 17. — Took plankton and oysters at Richmond bay.
August 18. — Took plankton at Malpeque bay.
August 19. — Took plankton at Bideford river.
August 20. — Took plankton and oysters at Grand river and Richmond bay.
August 21. — Took plankton at Richmond bay.
August 23. — Took plankton at Malpeque bay.
August 24. — Took plankton at Bideford river.
August 25. Filled water tank, strong gale from S.W. with rain.
August 26. — Took planliton from Richmond bay and oysters from Shemody creek.
August 27. — Took plankton and oysters from Richmond bay.
August 28. — Coaled Ostrea, strong gale from ]^.W. with rain.
August 30. — Took plankton outside Curtain island.
August 31. — Took plankton at Grand river and oysters from Richmond bay.
September 1. — Took plankton in Malpeque bay.
September 2. — Took plankton in Malpeque bay.
September 3. — Took plankton in Malpeque bay and Richmond bay.
September 4. — Dr. Stafford finished work, packed his gear up and removed same.
In addition to above. Dr. Stafford paid a daily visit to the northwest point of Ram
island at low water, where he had batteries placed filled with glass slides for the pur-
pose of catching oyster spat, which he succeeded in doing. No doubt he will send to
the department a full account of his scientific researches carried on during the past
summei',
PLANTING SMALL OYSTERS.
After Dr. Stafford left the Ostrea, arrangements were made to obtain the small
oysters which were growing on the bars at Ram island and Curtain island. About
twenty-seven Indians with their families from Lennox island were engaged to pick
them. I received the first consignment on board the 10th day of September, and con-
tinued taking them each day when the weather and tides suited until the 5th October,
Avhen the bars were picked fairly clean and the regular oyster season had opened and
no more small ones were available. The price paid was 35 cents for a half bushel
basket, that being the easiest way of measuring without injury to the oysters; they
also used half bushel baskets in picking them up. The oysters were either planted
the day they were taken on board, if time permitted, or were laid the first thing next
morning. The sample was a splendid one, the sizes varying from under an inch to
about two and a half inches in length. These small oysters were very thinly spread
on nearly all of the largest and deepest beds in Richmond bay, in water vary-
ing from ten to fourteen feet, and in some cases sixteen and eighteen feet. I counted
one basket whiclrl considered a fair sample and found it contained five hundred and
sixty-five oysters, or two thousand eight hundred (2,800) to the barrel. These oysters
laid on public beds should prove a great advantage to the fishermen as they were very
small when laid, scattered over a large area and in fairly deep water; they will have
every opportunity of growing into a fine oyster as they were perfect in shape. Messrs.
Dan Forbes and John Ferguson, fishery officers, very kindly gave me all the assistance
they possibly could in bringing this work to a successful ending. The number of oysters
obtained from these bars, between the above dates, amounted to five hundred and sixty-
nine bushels, or two hundred and twenty-eight barrels. I may say all the resident
fishermen strongly approved and appreciated the action the department had taken in
this matter and siid it was a good move in the right direction. I then proceeded to
Shediac with the Ostrea and visited
OYSTER CULTURE 341
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
ANNAPOLIS BASIN^ N.S.
I made an examination of the area prepared and planted af Goat island and found
the oysters very scarce; in fact, one might say they are all gone. I only found
thirteen oysters and these were in a healthy condition and had grown considerably.
I also found an oyster only two years old which had grown here since the others were
planted.
I searched around the shores on the bar at low water, but was unable to find any
traces of spat. On the high water mark at Goat island I found several full grown
oyster shells which had been removed from the beds and opened by persons unknown.
The bed itself was clean and scarcely any dead oyster shells were to be found, which
shows the oysters had not died on the beds.
Since the oysters were planted summer houses have been erected, and I was
informed that twenty-seven families resided there last summer. It was also alleged
that during the spring months clam diggers would dig for clams around Goat island
and at the same time pick oysters and carry them to Digby for sale, but. of course,
1 have no means of confirming the above report.
It appears to me, from information received while in Annapolis county, that no
instructions were given to any one in the vicinity to have these oysters watched after
the area was planted, and I found quite a difference since my last examination in 1904
when the oysters were growing in a very satisfactory way, and I noticed several small
ones were found attached to the larger ones of the last year's growth and the year
before. Very little mortality was observed. The shells and oysters were clean and
free from sediment, and I was well satisfied with the condition in which I found
the area.
OYSTER POND, GUYSBORO' COUNTY.
I then proceeded to Oyster Pond and called on Mr. T. M. Ferguson and had an
interview with him, explaining the object of my visit. He then very kindly took me
over one of the ponds there, as I wished to ascertain if it would be possible to find a
suitable piece of ground to plant oysters. The bottom is composed chiefly of very
soft mud, and scarcely any finn ground is found which can be utilized for growing
oysters successfully, but owing to the unsettled state of the weather it was impossible
to examine other areas in this locality this season, but, Mr. Ferguson informed me,
there were several other areas along the bay and Guysboro' river which should be
examined under more favourable conditions, as he was under the impression that
good ground might be found there.
On my return to Charlottetown I stripped the Ostrea and had her hauled into
her winter quarters.
LEASING OYSTER AREAS.
Several persons have applied to me during the past season asking when they
can obtain an area for the purpose of planting oysters, most of them having a water
frontage on their farms or land. They state they could give their attention to the
cultivation of the ground and it would be an easy matter to watch their own beds.
With a little assistance on the part of the department to those willing to enter
into the cultivation of areas, this industry, if properly attended to, should be a profit-
able one to the culturist. It would also be a means of bringing in a revenue by the
lease of such barren bottoms as arc now lying idle and are at present of no value to
any one.
It would also prove an advantage to persons holding oyster areas, as they would
he enabled to supply the demands of the market when most needed. This would
prevent the markets from being overstocked and a selected sample would be delivered
to the purchasers, as the small ones would be retained on the bods which are the most
profitable to the planters.
342 MARINE AND FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
Our oysters taken fi-om the natural beds are steadily but surely decreasing, and
I cannot see how it can be otherwise, as the present demand far exceeds the supply;
the prices are being raised and the consequence is, that every one who fishes is anxious
to take all he possibly can, and the result is that when the season is over there remains
such a small proportion on the beds that it is scarcely sufficient to keep up the supply.
Another cause is the continual contraction of areas through mud digging, which
has been, and is being annually carried on, and one must know that the fishing area is
becoming smaller each year; other areas which are not much fished on are gradually
becoming silted over and are non-productive.
Urgent steps should be taken to permit persons taking up areas of barren bottoms
if they so desire, and I am confident that if this concession were granted, favourable
results would soon be noticeable, and I respectfully ask the department to give this
matter their earnest consideration and take action without further loss of time.
A gentleman who has held a lease on Prince Edward Island since it was issued by
your department, informed me that he has obtained seed oysters from the United
States varying in numbers from sixteen hundred (1,600) to twenty thousand (20,000)
oysters in a barrel, at a cost of about five dollars ($5) per barrel delivered, so that if
oysters are not obtainable from our natural beds, they could be stocked at small cost at
above prices. This method is also carried on successfully in the United States by
transplanting the seed oysters from the Atlantic to the Pacific coast, where they
mature and give satisfactory returns. If the seed oysters are conveyed across the
continent and give satisfactory results, the same might be done in the lower provinces
at less expense and with better results.
I have the honour to be, sir,
Your obedient servant,
ERNEST KEMP,
Oyster expert.
OUTSIDE STAFF OF THE FISHERIES BRANCH
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
343
APPENDIX No. 15.
THE OUTSIDE STAFF OF THE FISHERIES BRANCH.
The following are Inspectors of Fisheries in tlie different provinces of the Dominion
1909-10.
Name.
J. O. Morrison Englishtowii, N.S.
Hockin, Kobt jPictou, N.S
Robertson, Andrew C. . . Harrington Passage.
Calder, John V
Chapman, Robt. A.
Camjobello, N.B
Moncton, N.B . .
Harrison, H. E Fredericton, N.B..
Matheson, .1. A Charlottetown
Wakehain, Wm., M.D. . iCaspe Basin, Que.
Bernard, C. A ISt. Cesaire
Riendeau, Jos 'Montreal
Extent of Jurisdiction.
Hurley, J. M
Sheppard, O. B . . .
Belleville, Out
. Toronto, Ont..
Duncan, A. G Marksvillc, Ont.
Young, Wm. K Selkirk, Man
Miller, E. W iQu'Appelle. . ,
Edmonton
McKay, Horace T.
Sword, C. B
Williams, J. T
Taylor, E. G
Dawson City. .. .
New Westminster.
Port Essington. . . .
Nanaimo
District No. 1.— Cape Breton Island.
District No. 2.— Cumberland, Colchester, Pictou, Antigo-
nish, (Juysboro', Halifax and Hants counties.
District No. 3. — Lunenljurg, Queens, Shelburne, Yarmouth,
Digby, Annapolis and Kings counties.
District No. 1.— The counties of Cliarlotte and St. John.
District No: 2.— Restigouche, Glouctster, Northumberland,
Kent, Westmorland and Albert counties.
. I District No. 3.— Kind's, Queon.s, Sunbury. York, Carleton
and Victoria counties.
. Prince Edward Island.
.jLower St. Lawrence river and gulf.
. (Eastern Townships.
. [The counties of the province of Quebec bordering on the
I St. Lawrence from Huntingdon to Three Rive rs.
That jjortion of Ontario east of the western Vioundary line
of the counties of Duriiam, Victoria and Holiburton,
including Lake Scugog ;ind tlie eastern boundary of
! Muskoka and Parry Sound districts.
. That part of the ]>rovince of Ontario west of the eastern
Ijoundries of the county of Ontario, and the districts of
Muskoka and Parry Sound along the Mattawa and
Ottawa rivers, and northward along tlie northeastern
Ixjundary line of said i>rovince to James bay.
That portion of Ontario lying west and north of Lake
Nipissing, the rivers Slattawa and Ottawa and tlie
northeast boundary line of the province to .T.inn'S bay,
embracing Ni]>issing. Algoma, Thunder bay and Raiiiy
river districts. Lake Superior and such jxirtions of Lake
Huron and (Georgian bay as lie adjacent or opj^jsite to
the part t)f Ontario alKive described.
Province of Manitoba and the district of Keewatin.
M Saskatchewan.
I. Alberta and district of McKenzie.
Yukon district.
Province of Briti.sh Columbia— No. \. Southern district.
" 11 No. 2. Northern district
" " No. 3. Vancouver Island.
OTHER DEPARTMENTAL OFFICERS.
Halket, Andrew |Fish. Museum, Ott. .
Migneault, R. .M. S Yaniaska.
Mackerrow, A. 1) Halifax ..
Naturalist and Curator of Fisheries Museum, at Ottawa.
Ins|>ector of fishways.
In charge of Intelligence Bureau.
344
MARINE AND FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
LIST OF FISHERY OVERS blERS IN THE DOMINION OF CANADA
1909-10.
NOVA SCOTIA.
Annapolis County.
Name of Overseer.
P.O. Address.
Extent of Jurisdiction.
Fritz, Henry
Port George
Annapolis county.
McAdam, Alexander.
Antigonish County.
Malignant cove Antigonish county
Cape Breton County.
Forbes, A . R
LeVatte, Henry . . .
McCuish, John
McDonald, Joseph..
Mclnni.'i, Michael R
McLean, John . ...
McLean, Murdock .
McLeod, Angus
Sullivan, Timothy . .
Davidson, J. W
Hender.son, G. W . . .
McGregor, E. H ...
Angevine, Frank ....
Brownell, Ferguson.
Canning, S
Reid, John D
Thompson, Guy. . . .
Bishop, H. R
German, Tho
Davis, .John
Reid, David
Torrey, Havelock.
Gaston, Robt
Kennedy, Win. . . .
Rowlings, George.
North Sydney . . . ,
Louisbourg
Scatarie
Little Lorraine. . . ,
Amaguadus Pond .
Gabarovise lake ...
Leitches creek ...
Port Morien
Little Bras d'Or.
Cape Breton county.
Colchester Countii.
Bass river
Tatamagouche.. .
Lower Stewiacke
Colchester county.
Cumberland County.
Middleboro
Northport
Advocate Harbour .
Pugwash
Oxford
Cumberland county.
Digby County.
Bishop, H. R
Digby
Municipality of Digby, Digby county.
Municipality of Claire, n
Guysboro County.
Guysboro .
Port Hilford.
Guj'sboro , . .
Guysboro county.
Halifax County.
[Pope's Harbour
; Iliiljljiu'd's cove... . . .
Musquodoboit Har. .
Sea coast and inland waters of Halifax county.
Halifax county.
Sea coast and inland waters of Halifax county.
OUTSIDE STAFF OF THE FISHERIES BRANCH
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
List of Fishery Overseers in the r!omiiiiou of Canada, &c. — Continued.
NOVA >iCOTJ X—Continucd.
Banti Count I/.
345
Name of Overseer.
P. 0. Address.
Extent of Jurisdiction.
Cochrane, James. . ■. . . .
McDonald, Chas
St. Croix...
Shubenacadie
Hants county.
Ini-erncss County.
Aucoin, Wm
Chisholm, Arch. A.
Hart, Albert
McDonald, Ronald D.
Mc I ntosh, Geo. P. . . .
McLennan, .Jno. B . .
McLean, D. F
Eastern harl3o>ir . .
S. W. Margaree. . .
N. E. Margaree . . .
Broad cove Chapel
Pleasant Bay
Kingsville
Port Hood
No. 6. — From Big Pond Lobster Factory north, including
Cheticamp, Eastern harbour. Little river, Pleasant
bay and Paulet cove.
Inverness coast from Broad 20ve Chapel to Delany's cove,
also East Lake Ainslie and streams, Loch Ban, S. W.
Margaree river and tributaries and Margaree river
from forks of Margaree harbour.
Coast of Inverness Co., from Delany's cove northward
including Big Pond, Eastern Hr., &c., also N. E.,
Margaree rive r f njm Margaree forks to source, and all
other streams to Victoria co. line.
Inverness county.
Coast of Inverness co. e.xtending from Plea.sant bay to
Meat cove (inclusive).
No. 2.— Inverness co.
No. 1. — \V. Division coast south of Mabou Hr., including
S. W. Mabou river, Port Hood, Judique, Long Pt.,
Pt. Hastings and Hawkesburv, to N. W. arm River
Inhabitants in interior, and north side Victoria co.,
from Js. McKiimons to Whycocomagh liay : and
through Glencoe and S. W. ridge of Mabou to Malx)u
bridge.
Kings Count)/.
Eaton, E. B Canning I Kings county.
Reid, Reuben F Wolfville |
Trenholme, George Grand Pre <■
Collie, I. R.
Lunenburg County.
Whit ford. J. A
Webber, John A
Bridge water...
Chester
Lunenburg county.
Pictou Count II.
McDonald, Alexdr. J.
Pritchard, A. O ,
I
River John Western Division Pictou co., comprising coast water from
Colchester co., line to Colo's reef, Pictoti Hr. and
streams Mowing into viz., Kivcr .Tohn and tributaries,
Toney river, and Big and Little Carilnx) rivers.
Bailey's Brcxjk . ... Pictou cotinty.
New Gla.«gow Pictoij harlx)ur, Pictou Island, East, West and Middle
rivers, Pictou co.
346
MARINE AND FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
List of Fishery Overseers in the Dominion of Canada, &c. — Continued.
NOVA SCOTIA— Concluded.
Queens County.
Name of Overseer.
P. 0 Address.
Extent of JurisiTiction.
Queens county.
Mill Village..
Richmond County.
Brymer, Arthur. .
Boyle, Du^aldR.
Morrison, Archd.
No. 3. — Eastern division that portion of sea coast, lakes
and inland waters lying east of St. Peter canal.
West Arichat Coast and inland waters of Isle Madame, including south-
erly half of waters of Lennox passage.
River Bourgeois Richmond county.
Shtlhurne County.
Smith, E. D . . .
Hines, George K .
Shag Harbour From and including Clyde river to Yarmouth Co. line.
Shelburne 'Shelburne county.
Victoria County.
Campbell, Jno. M
Gillis Duncan
Care Marine Agent
at Halifax St. Paul's island.
Baddeck Victoria county.
Moffatt, W. P
Montgomery, D. P
Morrison, Alexdr
McDonald, Murdo
Cape North Cape North, Bay St. Lawrence to county line at Meat cove.
Neils harbour Neils harbour, including Green cove and New Haven.
Wreck cove lEnglishtown, north to Smoky cape at South Ingonish.
Big Bras d 'Or District Big Bras d"Or north to Englishtown.
Ingonish North and South Ingonish, including Ingonish island.
Brook Middle river.. j Victoria island.
1
McRea, Charles
Yarmouth County.
Hatfield, A. M.
Arcadia .
Yarmouth county.
NEW BRUNSWICK.
Albert County.
Connors, Dexter
Alma Albert county
Charlotte County.
Billings, Robert
Eraser, W. A . .
Savage, Charles
Todd, Frank . . .
McNeil, E. A . .
St. Andrews
Woodward's cove.
Grand M-jnan . .
Wilson's Ijeach.. . .
St. Stephen
West Isles
Waters in vicinity of St. Andrews, extending from Owen
head to Oak bay.
Island of Grand Manan, and waters surrounding the same.
District of Campobello, and the west isles, Charlotte Co.
County of Cliarlotte.
West Isles
OUTSIDE STAFF OF THE FISHERIES BRANCH 347
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
List of Fishery Overseers in the Dominion of Canada, itc. — Continued.
NEW BRUNSWICK-Co«<,n«erf.
Gloucester Count;/.
Name of Overseer.
P. 0. Address.
Extent of .Jnrsidiction.
Canty, Thomas
Doucet, Jer6me K
Batlnirst
Elm Tree
Gloucester county.
Robichaud, Wm. C
Inkennan
"
Kent Count'/.
Hannah, Wm. F .
Leger, Cyril B
Richibucto
Buctouche. ...
County of Ktnt.
Coast line and inland waters at the parishes of Wellington
and St. Marie.
Madaioaska Count v.
Gagnon, L. A.
[Edmundston County of Madawaska.
Northumberland County.
Abb-Jtt, Lemuel Chatham.
Smith, B. W.
Bay side . .
Both shores of IMiraniichi river from Point Au Quart on
south to Oak jjoint on north to junction with N. W.
S. W. Miraniichi rivers, with all islands therein and
streams emptying into.
County of Xorthuinberland.
Queens County.
Belyea, J. P
1.
dagetown . . .
1
. County of Queens.
J
Rcstigouche County.
McLean, Donald.
Miller, George. . .
Charlo ' Baie des Chaleurs, and tributaries from Belledune to Dal-
housie.
Dalhousie Restigouche river and its tributaries in the counties of
Restigouche and Victoria.
Sunburi/ Countii.
McLean, Cecil F.
Burton.
St. John river from Indiantown, Sunbury county to the
county line of York.
St. John County.
Belyea, J. F .")S Middle street, St. I
■li>!ni 'County of St. .Tohn.
Cochrane, .Ino ,LC.R. stat., St. JohniCity of St. John and vicinity.
Victoria County.
IjeClair, Joseph Grand Falls jCounty of Victoria.
II em MS
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
Ac. — Concluded.
K>«wlalJ«ra«et>i«.
-«« liiTir< a/ R C.
1 KNMKNT FISH
RaoIc.
f. Ki.h
1
: • Hatchery.
I
(ft
OUTSIDE STAFF OF THE FISHERIES BRANCH
349
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
List of Fishery Overseers in the Dominion of Canada — Continued.
PROVINCE OF qV RBY.C— Concluded
Saynenay County^ North Shore.
Name of Oveix-er.
P. O. Address.
Extend of Jurisdiction.
Blenny, Wia Salmon River, Anti-.The Island of Auticosti and adjacent waters.
costi island. |
Blais, Alex (Winter address) North shore, from Blanc Sablons to Chicatica, (Bonne
Levis. (Bvunnicr E^perauce district),
address) Long Pt.
I Bradore, via New-
I foundland.
Comeau, Nap. A Godbout North shore, includinj,' .hinibons to Tadousac (Godbout
I district).
Cormier, Achille (Winter ad d r ess) North shore, from Cape Whittle to Natashquan point
, Esquimaux jioint. (Ron^aine district).
(Summer) Romainei
1 I'tVi Natashquan. I
Joncas, Riciuird Natashquan jNorth shore, including Natashquan to Ste. Genevieve
' i (Natashquan district).
LeBlanc, Eusebe Esquimaux point 'North .shore, including Ste. Genevieve to Pigou (Mingan
I district).
Le Couvie, John ( Winter address(Lob-iNorth shore, from Chicatica to Cape Whittle (St. Augustin
ster cove, Gaspe. i district).
I (Summer address)
Mignault, Theotime.
Cr. Commander of
Princess.
(Winter address) 140
Rue St. Fran9ois,
Quebec. (Summer)
Moisie.
North shore, including Pigou to Jambons (Aloisie district*.
The following six names are those of Fishing Bounty Officers, exercising no other
jurisdiction re fishery matters.
Forest, George
Chapados, F. X
Keays, John
Carter, A. T
Bonaventure river. . .
Gascons
Little Pabos
Gaspe basin
Mont Louis
Bonaventure comity, from Magusha to and including
Paspebiac.
Bonaventure Co., from Paspebiac to Gasjie Co.
<}as])e county, from county line eastward to but not includ-
ing liaracliois, Malbaie.
Gaspe county, from Barachois, MalDaie, to Fame iwint.
Letourneau, Louis
Ijoth included.
Gas{K> county, from P\ame point to and including Claude
river.
Rimouski county.
Verreault, Louis
Petits Mechins
MANITOBA.
Collison, M. V W'innipegosis
Ross, H. H .The Pas
Manitoba.
iKeewatin district.
SASKATCHEWAN.
Headrick, Robt ' Prince Albert I District of Prince Albert, Saskatchewan.
Silverthorn, J. W Lunisden 'l)i trict of Long lake. Q>rAppelle river, boundt-d on south
liy base line tp. No. Hi, on imrth by tp. No. ;iO, on east
by east side to range 19, and on west liy west side of
range 27, all west of 2nd Meridian.
350
MARINE AND FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
List of Fishery Overseers in the Dominion of Canada, jfec. — Concluded.
ALBERTA.
Name of Overseer.
P. O. Address.
Extent of Jurisdiction.
Wood, Ingram
Wetaskiwin
Pigeon lake, etc.
BRITISH COLUMBIA.
Galbraith, W. M
Harrison, Chas
Wise, James
14 Ridge road, Vic-
toria.
Massett
New Westminster. . .
Nelson ...
Rivers Inlet . .
J. G. Williams, insp.,
Port Essington
British Columbia.
Queen Ohnrlotte islands.
McLeod, John
Sangstad, Gunner"~|
Norrie Stewart 1
Adamson, W. T. f
Helgesen, Hans, j
Northern district of B. C.
LIST OF OFFICERS IN CHARGE, OF GOVERNMENT FISH
HATCHERIES, 1909-10.
Name.
P. 0. Address.
Province.
Rank.
Cunningham, F. H
Ottawa
Ontari
0 Superi
ntendent of Fish Culture.
Finlayson, Alexander. . .
Inspec
Officer
Walker, John
Newcastle
Sandwich
Wiarton
in charge Government Hatchery.
Armstrong, Wm
Parker, Wm
1 ;
McNab, A. J
1
ion oyster expert.
Laschinger, A. G
Hurley, J. M
Sarnia
Belleville
Quebe
Deseve, A. L.
Magog
Catellier, L. N
Tadousac
Gaspe basin
St. Alexis des Mts.
Mont Tremblant.
Baldwin Mills ....
Campbellton
Grand Falls
South Esk
St. John West...
Shippigan
Cape Bald
Bedford Basin
N. E. Margaree. . .
Windsor
Pictou
Canso
Lindsay, R. C
Elliott, Joseph
Longpre, Joseph
Belknap, W. G
Mowat, Alexander
McCluskey, F. J
Sheasgreen, Isaac
Beiyea, J. F
Savoy, Sebastien
LeBlanc, N. S
NewE
Nova
runswick. . .
Scotia
Ogden, Alfred
Carmichael, A. G
Burgess, Frank
McLaren, W. H
Meagher, James
Holroyd, A. W
Winsloe Station . .
Georgetown ....
Selkirk
P. E. Island
Manitoba .
British Columbia. . i
P. E. Island Domin
McDonald, J. C
Overton, Wm
McPherson, A.J
Whitwell, Thomas
Mitchell, D. S
Winnipegosis
Lakelse Lake
Kualt
Lillooet
Harrison Springs. .
New Westminster.
Rivers Inlet
Hazelton
Graham, T. W
Robertson, Alex
Roxburgh, Wm
Bucknall, R. C
Pretty, A. W
Gibbs, H. L
Kemp, Ernest. . .
Charlottetown . . .
1
FISHERIES PROTECTION SERVICE 351
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
APPENDIX No. 16.
KEPORT RESPECTING THE FISHERIES PROTECTION SERVICE OF
CANADA.
To the Superintendent of Fisheries,
Ottawa.
Sir, — I have the honour to report with respect to the Fisheries Protection Service
last season (1909) as to tlie number of men and vessels engaged, and as to where each
vessel was employed, with the names of the commanding officer and a. brief description
of each vesriel. I aLso append extracts from the annual reports of the various com-
manding officers giving details of the work carried out during the season, and a state-
ment of ' modus vivendi ' licenses issued to United States fishing vessels during the
fiscal year 1909-10.
Thirteen vessels, carrying an aggregate of 255 men, comprised the fisheries pro-
tection fleet last season. The vessels' names and the names of the commanding officers
were as follows : —
Canada, commanding officer, C. T. Knowlton; Curlew, commanding officer, W. J.
Milne; Constance, commanding officer, A. McLeod; Petrel, commanding officer,
Clement Barkhouso; Princess, commanding officer, Wm. Wakeham; Hudson, com-
manding officer, Chas. Rush; Lady of the LaJce, commanding officer, Alexr. Vance;
Vigilant, commanding officer, P. C. Robinson; Kestrel, commanding officer. Holmes
Newcomb; Falcon, commanding officer, Alfred Copp; Georgia, commanding officer,
Wm. Duncan; Alcedo, commanding officer, F. C. Laird; Restless, commanding officer,
Chas. Moore.
' CANADA '
Is a twin-screw small third-class cruiser, 200 feet long, 25 feet beam and 10 feet
6 ins. depth of hold, and has a gross tonnage of 580 tons. Her speed is 17 knots
an hour. She is armed with four l^-pound quick firing mark automatic mark 3 (1904)
guns; two forward and two aft. She is electrically lighted throughout and fitted with
a powerful searchlight. The Canada carries a crew of 58 officers and men all told.
She was built by Vickers Sons and Maxim, England, in 1904, and was commanded by
Captain Knowlton.
After a thorough overhaul during the winter, the Canada commissioned on !May
4 and was employed cruising during the season as requisite on the east coast, but
principally on the Nova Scotia coast. Commenced by cruising to the westward of
Sambro to meet the United States seiners, and fell in with them on !Nfay 21; cruised
off Prospect until June 8, and then proceeded east with them. June 12 towed T'.S.
seiner Tena and Maud into Arichat harbour, she having damaged her rudder whilst
stranded at Liverpool. Continued cruising eastward on the 17th with the fleet to
North Sydney, and from there north round Cape Breton and back through Strait of
Canso to south coast. Nova Scotia. August 28 proceeded to Quebec, embarked
Admiral Kingsmill and went to Montreal. Left there September 0 and proceeded to
Fox river, Gasp)e coast, with despatch to settle a disturbance amongst the fishermen,
remaining there until 15th. and then proceeded to the Nova Scotia coast and resumed
cruising. Three cadets joined — Messrs. Beard, Bate and Brodeur. In December took
Commander Thompson to inspect life saving stations at Devil's island. Duncan's
352 MARINE AND FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
cove and Herring cove, and on December 16 made fast to the jetty and put the crew
into winter quarters. The season, on the whole, was uneventful, and practically no
troublewas experienced with the United States fleet, who are gradually learning what
is required and demanded of them.
The mackerel fishermen did not have a very successful year, but the shore fisher-
men have, on the whole, done well. The banking fleet had a large catch and obtained
excellent prices for fish.
' CONSTANCE.
Is a twin-screw iron steamer, 116 feet long, 19 feet 8 inches wide, 11 feet 2 inches
depth of hold, and has a gross tonnage of 185 tons. Carries a crew of 23 officers
and men and was commanded by Captain A. McLeod up to April 22, 1909.
On that date Captain McLeod whilst proceeding on board the Constance, lying at
Sorel, in company with three others in a small boat in a strong tideway was drifted
across the bows of the steamer Lavibton and the boat capsized. Captain McLeod was
unfortunately drowned, the three other occupants of the boat being rescued.
Captain Thomas Kyfiin was appointed to the Constance on April 27, and has
been in command since that date.
The ship was overhauled at Sorel and commissioned on June Y, proceeding to
south coast of Nova Scotia where she remained until July 5, when she was ordered
to Prince Edward Island to look after illegal lobster fishing; 1,100 lobster traps were
destroyed and 2,790 lobsters liberated. On July 28 the ship was placed in slip at
Pictou and hull cleaned and painted.
August 26 patrol boat No. 1 seized a gasoline boat at Pugwash. September 15
the Constance went over to Magdalen islands, but found no illegal fishing.
On September 20 took up station with the United States fishing fleet and made
several trips along the Cape St. George shore, but found no illegal fishing. October 20
the last of the American seiners left Prince Edward Island. During the latter part of
October the weather conditions were such that little fishing could be done. November
1 the fleet left for home. The Constance then proceeded to cruise south towards Hali-
fax, arriving there November 9. The ship was laid up at Halifax and the crew paid
off on December 7.
The mackerel fishing round Prince Edward Island was poor. The close season
for lobsters was well observed and there was no trouble in this respect. Round the
Nova Scotia north shore traps were found, but not in any great numbers. Patrol
boat No. 7 was worked in connection with the Constance for the jvhole season in. the
vicinity of Prince Edward Island. The catch of fish on the south coast of Nova
Scotia was about the average.
' CURLEW '
Is a twin-screw iron steamer 116 feet long, 19 feet 8 inches wide, 11 feet 3 inches
deep and has a gross tonnage of 158 tons. Speed 10 knots per hour, and carries a
crew of twenty officers and men all told, and is commanded by Capt. W. J. Milne.
During the winter, extensive repairs were carried out, and the ship did not com-
mission until July 15, her place being taken in the meanwhile by the Hudson, which
ship proceeded to the Northumberland straits, when the Curlew took over the work.
The Curleiv was employed for the whole of the season in the Bay of Fundy. In August
brought the captain of the Pride of the Port United States fishing vessel before
Inspector Robertson for having live lobsters on board in close season. Matter referred
to the department. The departmental instructions regarding the case was the means
of stopping several Canadian and American fishermen who were preparing to fish out-
side the 3-mile limit. August, the Rt. Honourable James Bryce, His Majesty's Ambas-
sador at Washington, went on a cruise in the ship along the boundary line. During
September cases of dynamiting were reported on Quaco ledge, but no information
could be obtained as to who were the offenders.
FISHERIE!< rROTKCT/OX SEIiMCE 353
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
Sopteiiiber 20. — Tuulc Conimissionor Wakeham on his tour of investigation into
the conditions of the lobster fishing. October 16, seized a boat for illegally seining
herring. When the Ileslia was wrecked the Curlew was employed to prevent looting,
and afttrwards took Commander Thompson and Mr. S. C. Campbell to Grand Manan
to select site for life saving station. The remainder of the time was employed cruis-
ing round preventing illegal lobster fishing. December 21), the ship was moored at
Gregory's slip, St. John, and crew paid off.
Patrol boat No. 2 worked in conjunction with Curlew during the season, and was
employed patrolling the United States boundary line, and about the waters of Char-
lotte county, protecting the valuable fishing industries of that section of the coast.
' KESTREL.'
The Keslrel is a wooden screw steamer, 126 feet long, 2-i feet beam, 12 feet 2 inches
in depth of hold, and has a gross tonnage of 311 tons. Speed, 10 knots an hour.
She was built at Vancouver, B.C., in 1903, carries 23 ofiicers and men and is com-
manded by Captain Holmes Newcombe. The Kestrel was employed in the protection
of the fisheries on the Pacific coast and was assisted by the small cruisers Falcon and
Restless and the SS. William Joliffe. The season's work was commenced by the seizure
on 18th April of the United States motor schooner Charles Levi Woodbury for fishing
inside the limit. This schooner was subsequently confiscated. At the time of the
seizure she was between East and West Haycock islands.
On May 25, Admiral Kingsmill embarked, and proceeded on a tour of inspection,
returning to Victoria ^fay 31. A consignment of lobsters was planted in a small bay
near kludge island during May.
On June 1, Kestrel proceeded to Clayoquot and investigated reported irregulari-
ties in the life saving at this point. From July 1 to October 7, the Kestrel was under
repairs at Wallace's shipyard, North Vancouver. During the latter part of October
and for the remainder of the year the ship was cruising in Plecate straits and in
northesn waters. Up to the 21st February, 1910, the mileage for the previous nine
months was 10,516 miles. On the 2l3t March, 1910, the Kestrel had been seven years
in commission. During that time she has steamed approximately 92,500 miles through
the intricate channels and unsurveyed waters of this coast without an accident of any
kind.
Six United States vessels have been seized for infraction of the Canadian laws,
and in every case the seizure has been sustained on the case being tried. Assistance
has also been rendered in making other important seizures. Twenty-three sunken
rocks linve been located, some of them in the direct route of coasting vessels. The
Kestrel has also assisted in rescuing three stranded steamers, assisted two disabled
steamers into port, and also rescued two disabled vessels, towing them and their crews
into safety. Irregularities have also been stopped in the customs service at Masset,
where United States vessels were allowed to do a coasting business, and also stopped
smuggling between Aloska and Queen Charlotte islands.
During the present season halibut has been extremely scarce in Hecate straits,
and consequently the competition between fishermen very keen. New banks have been
located and many of the boats went to Icy straits and Cross sounds, and for the first
time fishermen have been working along the west coast of Vancouver island during
the winter. The otter trawlers brought out and operated by Canadian companies
have not proved a great sncces.«? in the halibut fisheries. The principal reasons given
are. scarcity of fish, and roughness of the bottom encountered.
The fishermen have practicallj' deserted the mainland harbours, and now frequent
the harbours along the north end of Queen Charlotte island and those lying between
Skidetrnto and Cape St. James.
22 23
354 MARINE AND FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
' LADY OF THE LAKe/
The Lady of the Lale is commanded by Captain Alexander Vance, and is employed
during the fishing season on Lake Winnipeg. She carries a crew of eight officers and
men.
' petrel/
The Petrel is a steel screw steamer, 116 feet long, 22 feet beam, 10 feet 3 inches
depth of hold, and has a gross tonnage of 192 tons. Her speed is 10 knots an hour
and she carries a crew of 23 officers and men all told, and is commanded by Captain
Clement Barkhouse. The Petrel was employed on the east coast of Nova Scotia, in-
cluding Cape Breton island.
The Petrel commissioned on May 1 and took up her station from Cape Sable to
Canso to follow United States seining fleet. First one arrived May 3, and by June 4
the fleet numbered 57. First haul of mackerel was off Liverpool May 27; the fish
moving east, several large hauls were taken off Sambro. From there the fish scattered
and only small lots were taken as far as Wliite Head. The United States fishing fleet
did not have a successful season with the mackerel, some of the vessels only going
home with a few barrels of fish, whilst two of their vessels were lost on the Cape
Breton coast. The fall fishing was a complete failure for the United States fishing
fleet. Three purse seiners were out from Halifax and did very well.
The shore mackerel fishing was a fair success on the southeast coast, Liverpool
and Shelburne having made some large hauls, but on the whole the east coast was
a failure. Three American sword fish fishermen were working on the coast. This is a
new departure and one of the vessels boarded had 34 large fish. Some of the Canadian
fishermen who were fitted up for swordfish fishing also did well, one boat at Canso
taking as much as $132 in one day.
The lobster fishing was a fair average for the whole coast. It was found that a
lot of illegal fishing was being carried on off the southern coast, and fifty-four
lobster traps ahd five crates were destroyed. It was also found that a number of men
living on the Turkish islands were carrying on this illegal fishing and then selling
the fish to the American smacks which stay outside the three-mile limit.
With regard to the cod fishing the banking fleet made some very large fares,
several Lunenburg vessels taking as much as 4,000 quintals each.
The inshore cod fishing was, on the whole,, a fair success. The heavy easterly
gales in the fall put a stop to this class of fishing in November.
In October the Petrel proceeded to Northwest Cove, St. Margarets bay, to settle
a dispute amongst the trap net fishermen, and during the remainder of the season
was employed cruising as requisite. During the season one hundred and thirty
boardings of American fishing vessels were made, and the Petrel steamed five thousand
and ninety-one miles.
The Petrel was laid up on December 3.
' PRIKCESS.'
The Princess is commanded by Captain W. Wakeham, and is stationed in the
Gulf of St. Lawrence, which she patrols during the season.
' VIGILANT.'
The Vigilant is a steel twin screw steamer, 175 feet long, 22 feet beam, 10 feet
depth of hold. She is electrically lighted throughout and fitted with a powerful
searchlight. She carries a crew of 30 officers and men all told, and is commanded
by Captain P. C. Robinson.
The ship was given a thorough overhaul during the winter and commissioned
on May 1 and proceeded to her cruising ground. On September 14 the United States
FISHERIES I'lWTECriOX SERVICE
355
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
tug E. C. Oggel was seized in Canadian waters with two tons of herring and 145 nets.
On October 18 embarked Commander Thompson and proceeded to Point Pelee
to hold an inquiry in connection with the wreck of the George Stone; then to Long
Point to select a new site for life saving stations. The remainder of the season the
ship was employed cruising as requisite. Ship laid up December 16.
Falcon, captain, Alfred Copp.
Georgia, captain, William Duncan.
Alcedo, captain, F. C. Laird.
These vessels are all under the orders of the Kestrel, working in conjunction with
her on the Pacific coast.
' RESTLESS.'
The Restless is commanded by Captain Charles Moore and is employed in con-
junction with the Kestrel on the Pacific coast, under whose orders she works.
I am, sir,
Your obedient servant,
(Signed) C. E. KIN'GSMILL,
Rear Admiral, Officer Commanding Marine Service of Canada.
United States Fishing Vessels to which Licenses were issued under the Act entitled
' An Act respecting Fishing Vessels of the United States of America, ' during the
fiscal year ended March 31, 1910.
Name of Vessel.
Port of Registry.
Vanessa Boston, Mass .
Quickstep
Lucinda 1. Lowell Gloucester, Mass.
Lottie Ct. Merchant
Harvard
W. E. Morrison . .
(xeor^e Campbell
Elector
Ella .M. Godwin
Flirt
Mystery [Plymouth, Mass . .
Gakima jGloucester. Mass . . .
Mildred Robinson Boston, Mass
Lizzie Maud JNew Haven. Mass.
Parthia |Gloueester. Ma.ss. . .
Selma Boston, Mass
Grace Darling Beverly, Mass.. ..
Harry A. Nickerson |Gloucester, Mass.. .
Dor.a A. Lawson ■>
Corona n
Agnes ' M
Raymah Boston, Mass ....
M)idonna . . Gloucester. Mass. . .
Onata Boston, Mass
Esse.x Gloucester, Mass . . .
Mary V. Courtis <>
Moovill Duxbury
T. A. Cromwell Boston. Mass
Dictator Gloucester, Mass. . .
Lillian Bo-ton, Ma-ss . . . .
T. S. Gordon Gloucester, Mass. . .
Monitor «
Senator ■•
Catherine Burke n
Margaret n
Elmer K. Grey Boston, Mass
James W. Parker «
Ton-
nage.
Port of Issue.
84
75
77
79
76
93
78
81
86
82
78
71
86
48
77
88
47
83
93
82
75
95
79
105
84
85
89
92
95
92
100
74
92
79
84
96
Sand Point. . . .
Digby
Lunenburg
Liverpool . ,
Tusket
Canso
Tusket
Canso
Shelburne
Canso
Liverpool
Canso
Yarmouth
Barrington Pass .
Halifa.x
Yarmouth
Lockport
Canso
Port Muigrave. . .
Shelburne
North Sydney . . .
Port Muigrave. . .
Port Hawkesburj'
Souris
Hou.^^e Harbour. .
North Sydney . . .
.Arichat
Canso
Port Hawkesbury
North Sydney. . .
Canso
Amherst
House Harbour. .
Amount.
§ cts.
126 00
112 50
115 50
118 50
114 00
139 50
117 00
126 00
129 00
123 00
117 00
106 50
129 00
72 00
115 50
132 00
70 50
124 50
139 50
123 00
112 50
142 50
118 50
157 50
12G 00
127 50
124 50
133 50
138 00
142 50
138 00
150 00
111 00
138 00
118 60
126 00
144 28
22— 23J
356
MARINE AND FliSHERIEii
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
United States Fishing Vessels to which Licenses were issued, &c, — Continued
Name of Vessel.
Preceptor
No Name
Gertrude . .
EUaM. Doughty .
Niaerara
Watanga
Cavalier
Grace Otis
Margie Smith..
Alice R. Lawson . .
Blanche T. Irving.
Edward A. Rich . . .
Nildred V. Nunan.
Cynthia
Rob Roy
Mary A. Gleason .
John M. Keen
Olga
M. H. Perry
American
Speculator
Gossip . .
Lena and Maud . . .
Indit^ue . .
Arabia
Margie Turner . . .
Manhasset
Fanny A. Smith . .
Titania
Ta3oma
Quickstep
J. R. Clarke
Feaser
Mooween ....
Massachusetts
Gladys and Salva . .
Waldo L. Stream . .
Rob Roy
Yakima
Susan and Mary . . .
Smuggler
Th. Roosevelt
Hazel R. Hines. . . .
Lucinda L. Lowell
Senator Gardner. . .
Bohemia ,
Viola
E. M. Morrissey. . .
Maxine Elliott
Arkona
Mabel D. Hines . . .
J. J. Flaherty
Tattler
Annie M. Parker. .
Gossip
Atchlet
Port of Registry.
Gloucester, Mass.
Boston, Mass. . . .
Portland, Me
Gloucester, Mass.
Portland, Me....
Gloucester, Mass.
Cape Porpoise .
Gloucester, Mass.
Boston, Mass ....
Gloucester
Swampscott
Provincetown . . . .
Gloucester
Gloucester, Mass.
Portland, Me.
Boston, Mass.
Gloucester. . . .
Beverly .
Gloucester .
Duxbury.. .
Gloucester ,
Beverly . . .
Gloucester .
Boston, Mass.
Gloucester
Beverly ...
Gloucester .
Ton-
nage.
87
7lrVo
5f)
51
78'
18
96
35
38
85
26
58
43
98
79
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Shelburne
Lunenburg .
Lockport,.
FISHERIES PROTECTION SERVICE
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364
MARINE AXD FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
PACIFIC COAST.
Statement showing United States Fishing Vessels that have visited the Port ef
Nanaimo, during fiscal year ended March 31, 1910.
Name of Vessel.
Port of Registry.
Tonnage.
Crew.
New England.
Manhattan. . . .
Kingfisher . . . .
New England.
Manhattan. . . .
Chicago*
Kingfisher
New England
Manhattan. . . .
New England .
Kingfisher
Manhattan. . . .
Kingfisher . . . .
New England.
Manhattan. , . .
Kingfisher
New England
Manhattan. . . .
New England.
Manhattan. . .
New England.
Manhattan. . . .
Kingfisher . . . .
New England.
Manhattan. . . .
Kingfisher . . . .
Manhattan. . . .
Kingfisher . . . .
Manhattan. . . .
Kingfisher . . . .
Manhattan. . . .
Kingfisher . . . .
Manhattan. . .
Kingfisher . . . .
New England.
Manhattan. . . .
New England.
Kingfisher . . . .
New England.
Kingfisher . . . .
New England.
Kingfisher . . . .
Manhattan. . . .
New England.
Manhattan. . .
New England.
Kingfisher . . . .
Manhattan. . . .
Kingfisher
Manhattan. . . .
Kingfisher , . . .
New England .
Manhattan. . . .
New England.
Kingfisher . . . .
Manhattan. . . .
Kingfisher . . . .
Manhattan. . . .
Portland
Seattle . .
Portland
71
134
141
71
134
129
141
71
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71
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134
134
141
71
134
141
71
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71
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71
134
141
71
134
141
134
141
134
141
134
141
134
141
71
134
71
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71
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71
1 1
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71
134
71
141
134
141
134
141
141
71
134
71
141
134
141
134
36
37
36
36
37
43
36
36
37
36
36
37
37
37
36
36
37
36
37
36
37
36
37
36
36
37
36
37
36
37
36
37
36
37
36
36
37
36
36
36
37
36
37
36
36
37
36
37
37
37
37
37
37
36
37
36
37
37
37
37
Called for fuel but being refused returned back to Seattle.
FISHERIES PROTECTION SERVICE
365
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
Statement showing United States Fishing Vessels that have visited the Port of
Nanaimo during fiscal year ended March 31, \9\0 — Conti)ined.
PACIFIC COAST— C»»/muee/.
Date.
1910.
.Ian.
G
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11
„
24
„
25
„
31
Feb.
10
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Feb.
15
„
16
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17
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28
Mill
18
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Name of Vessel.
Port of Registry. Tonnage.
New England Portland
. Kingfisher
. Manhattan
. I New Eng-land
. 'Kingfisher
. Weeding liros* ! Port Townsend .
. San Juan* Seattle
. Manhattan 1 Portland
. Kingfisher
. New F'.ngland
.'Kingfisher
. i Manhattan
. New England
. Kingfisher
71
141
134
71
141
125
128
134
141
71
141
134
71
141
Crew.
36
37
37
36
37
36
36
37
37
36
37
37
36
37
* The.se two v(.ssels did not call at Nanaimo for fuel or bait.
366
MARINE AND FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
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FISHERIES PROTECTION SERVICE
367
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
5 cases dismissed for want of proof, 1 case
allowed to stand. Half the balance of
fines paid to complainants.
The whole fine in one case paid to Receiver
General . 1 lalf the balance of fines paid
to comi>lainants.
Except in three cases amounting to S2.'),
where moieties were received, the whole
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balance and )ir(Keed8 of sale jmid to
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Half of fines x>ai(l to comx>lninant8, balance
and proceeds of sale of confiscated gear,
paid to Receiver General.
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of illegal oyster fishing, 4 cases of illegal
trout fishing, 2 cases of packing s[jawn
lobster, 1 case of obstructing fish passage.
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368 MARIXE AND FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
APPENDIX No. 18.
NATURAL HISTORY REPORT.
To the Superintendent of Fisheries.
Sir, — I have the honour to submit my natural history report for the year 1909.
This embraces the following subject-matters, which are treated of under their respec-
tive heads : —
Biological researches carried on at the Baker Lobster Pound, Fourchu, Cape
Breton, regarding questions touching the natural history of the lobster.
Proportion of males and females in 1,540 lobsters, based on observations made
at canneries and out at sea.
Remarks concerning proposed sites for structures for the artificial culture of
the lobster.
Fishery Exhibit at the New Westminster, British Columbia, Exhibition.
Observations of lakes in the province of Alberta: supplementary to the
observations made during the previous season.
Remarks on a ' Check-List of the Fishes of the Dominion of Canada and
Newfoundland.' in course of preparation.
Fisheries Museum, Ottawa. . ,
Biological Researches, carried on at the Baker Lobster Pound, Fourchu, Cape
Breton, regarding questions touching the natural history of the Lobster.
i\ry prolonged visit, extending from the latter part of May until the early part of
August, to the lobster pound at Fourchu, and to the adjacent parts of the coast of the
oomities of Richmond and Cape Breton, enabled me to carry on biological researches
into the habits, structure and embryology of the lobster, wjiich ought to be of tentative
value, because in so far as facts were ascertained, these are incontrovertible; that is
to my own mind. To my mind many things were brought to light which were entirely
imexpected, and therefore in combination with certain things which to some may be
known already, I proceed to make known such facts as I found out for myself. The
female lobster carries her eggs on her swimmerets for a long period. This I can vouch
for, because I saw them black, their natural colour, before the development of the
embryo on the swimmerets, late on into the open season; and I also saw them far
developed towards ripeness by opening the ovaries, indicating that before a great
length of time they would have been extruded. This, then, irrespective of the re-
searches of others, is conclusive evidence to me that the mother lobster, as a rule,
carries the eggs upon the outside of the body for a long time. As it requires warmth
to develop them, the eggs of course could be forced at any time to develop through
artificial methods, and this is a matter which at sometime in the future might b?
turned to practical account. In the ovaries the eggs are green; when first extruded
they are black; as they advance they become a beautiful burnished golden colour;
NATL h'AL niHTORY REPORT 369
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
and just before the membrane is readj' to break, the vivid colours of the little nauplii
are to be seen. It should be pointed out, in view of the establishment of lobster pounds,
that this is the critical time; and one who had not patiently followed up the process
might be easily misled, as the eggs still appear to adhere securely to the swimmerets.
Looking deeper, however, reveals the fact that the membrane is about to burst, and
that the young fry are on the eve of finally separating from the mother lobster. This
shows that there ought to be no attempt to liberate so-called ' berried ' lobsters from
pounds at this critical time; and it also shows that to bring 'berried' lobsters to
pounds from the ocean at this time is hazardous. I have to emphasize, therefore, that,
in so far at least as the areas where I carried on my investigations are concerned, and
T doubt not the same applies to other places, no ' berried ' lobsters ought to be put
into pounds after the 30th of June. That pounds could be otherwise stocked I will
subsequently endeavour to show. Millions of the young fry hatched out in the pound
in the month of July, and some were still hatching in the early part of August when
tliey were liberated.
The following calculation as to the number of eggs which lobsters of diiferent
sizes carry upon the swimmerets was made bj' measurements in a cylindrical graduate
in the laboratory. An 8-in. lobster had 3,750, a 0-in. 5,650, another 9-in. 8,750, a 10-in.
10,000, and an lli-in. 22,000, approximately. Since one of the 9-in. lobsters carried
5,650, and the other 8,750, it is revealed that lobsters of a given length vary as to the
number of eggs which they carry, and the only way of strictly arriving at an average
number in the case of each sized lobster would be by actual count of the eggs from a
number of lobsters of the respective sizes. Roughly put, however, it may be given
thus: An 8-in. 4,000, a 9-in. 8,000, a 10-in. 10,000, and an 11-in. 20,000.
The newly hatched out fry were first seen by me on July 9.
On July 3, I accompanied the SS. Seahird on one of her cruises in order to gather
authentic information regarding the lobster industry, and before starting requested
the caretaker of the pound to be very vigilant in looking out for the fry, as I antici-
pated, that, owing to the advanced state of the eggs, they would soon be hatching out;
and they were seen by him on the 5th and 6th of the month. On my return to
Fourchu on the 7th, a terrific gale set in, which lasted on into the 8th, and the water
was so agitated that no observations could be made; and the first time I saw. them
was in the evening of the 9th. After then they continued to hatch out until the waters
of the pound were swarming with them. Being free moving nauplii and tenacious of
life, they were little subject to dangers occasioned by the encounter of obstacles, like
what the fry of salmonoids, are when the yolk-sack is still attached to them. Their
instincts led them sea-ward, therefore they kept making their way o\it of the pound
through the apertures between the boards of the woodwork ; and in their movements
wgre aided by the reflux of the tide. ^lany of them, however, remained for a time in
The pound, and as the lobsters kept hatching day after day, the fry soon became a great
promiscuous swarm, so that it was impossible, in a structure such as the present char-
acter of the pound is, to carry on researches as to the nauplii. To effectually do this
a special lobster biological structure would require to be constructed, where the spawn-
ing lobsters could be kept separate from one another, and such a structure could
readily be erected as an adjunct to a pound.
It may be mentioned here that before the middle of July many of the lobsters
brought in by the fishermen were in the act of hatching, and from the 15th to the
end of the month I kept an account of the functional condition of every lobster, in
relation to the eggs or fry, put into the pound; and the following table is illustrative
of the same: —
22 — 24
370
MARINE AND FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
15th.
16th.
17th.
19th.
20th.
21st.
22nd.
24th.
27th.
29th.
30th.
31st.
Hatchfcd
"i
...
5
2
2
8
6
6
4
8
11
1
1
4
5
2
1
3
2
2
8
4
"""i"
2
1
43
Virtually hatched
2
4
""l
'"2
8
1
9
1
3
1
5
1
2
25
Hatching.
Eve of hatching
2
34
43
Very far advanced. . . .
19
Far advanced .
Advancing
2
2
4
2
6
8
1
1
1
1
1
19
22
Not far advanced
Recently extruded .
Not very long extruded
2
6
3
6
12
15
20
13
3
6
2
47
17
20
216
Besides those shown in the table, there were 127 lobsters put into the pound on
July 23, all of which were not critically examined, but the notes made about them at
the time revealed that the eggs were in various stages from recently extruded in one
instance, to hatched out in a number of instances. The eggs were mostly in all stages
from far advanced to hatching. Circumstances called for getting the lobsters of that
day placed into the water as speedily as possible. The eggs embraced under the other
dates include those of a few lobsters which, owing to injuries or weakness, were not put
into the pound, but which were liberated into the harbour; and in certain cases where
the eggs were dead, I was able to determine the stage of development which the eggs
had reached.
By the time the lobsters had all been liberated the young fry had all moved away
out of the pound, and for some days previous only a few stragglers were to be seen.
The young fry vary in colour. Some are green, variegated with yellow ; in others
the ground colour is red.
The following table shows the condition of the lobsters liberated into Fourchu
harbour from the pound at the commencement of the close season, or from the 2nd
to the 7th of August: —
2nd.
3rd.
4th.
5th.
6th.
7th.
Total.
Hatched ....
212
42
98
66
15
32
26
8
349
46
87
75
22
5
53
2
2
12
334
39
61
34
22
1
26
2
2
7
367
20
38
?-
lo
1
34
1
5
27
99
3
2
6
3
" "'.3'
"2
4
4
1,365
150
Virtually hatched '
Hatching
Eve of hatching
Very far advanced
Far advanced
• 286
212
77
39
Advancing
142
Not far advanced
13
Recently deposited
11
Eggs dead on the swimmerets
50
499
653
528
539
122
4
2,345
One of the lobsters given under ' Hatched ' appeared to be a lobster of the pre-
vious year which had then escaped notice at the time of the distribution.
Sometimes I was able to determine the stage that dead eggs had reached before
dying, and such are embraced under their respective headiugs, but are not shown
again under ' Eggs dead on the swdmmerets,' as a double mention would affect the
total number in the table.
NATURAL HISTORY REPORT 371
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
' Virtually hatched ' meaus that a small number of eggs were yet adhering to
the swimmerets, but in such cases the lobsters had practically hatched, so that in this
way the number given under ' Hatched ' would be raised to 1,515.
As these investigations had to be made hurriedly, owing to the delicate con-
dition of the lobsters, ami having, theroforc, no opportunity to confirm them, it will bo
understood that I had to use the best of my judgment on the spur of the moment,
but I can vouch for the facts within a shade of the true condition of the lobsters, and
this is the only qualification I require to make.
I feel called upon to draw attention to the manner which has been in vogue of
conveying the lobsters to the pound. The custom has been this: They have been
brought by the smacks and fishing boats, and at irregular intervals by the S.S". Sea
Bird from a greater distance, to the wharf of the cannery at Fourchu, where they
were weighed, and, as a rule, after the day's catch was gathered in conveyed by a
rowboat to the pound, which is about a quarter of a mile from the cannery. This
method is a verj' bad one, as it leaves the lobsters too long exposed, and in the case
of the Sea Bird cooped in crates often for daj-s; and I have to point out here, in the
event of the establishment of pounds in general, that there ought to be some other
method adopted so that lobsters may be conveyed to pounds as expeditiously as
possible. The truth is lobster pounds never can be made a success unless managed
solely by the department according to principles carried on in general fish culture,
under the supervision of the superintendent of fish culture.
It has been customary in liberating the lobsters from the pound to convey them
in a vessel chartered for the purpose to the several areas from whence they had been
brought; but I found it necessary, on account of their condition at the commence-
ment of the close season, to liberate them into the harbour. As the above table shows,
a majority of them had either hatched out their eggs or the eggs were in the act of
hatching, whilst others on the swimmerets were far advanced in development and the
eggs on a few only were either not far advanced or recently deposited.
The following table shows the number of lobsters put into the pound each day
and their weight, also the number of each size, and the recapitulation shows the total
number of the respective sizes.
22— 24J
372
MARINE AND FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
Table showing the Measurements of Berried Lobsters put into the Pound.
1909.
May 21...
„ 22...
26.
26.
26
26.
26.
Placed in pound before my arrival.
May 28 .
28...
28..
28..
28..
28..
June 1.
1.
June
June
3....
3....
3....
3....
3....
3...
3....
3....
3...
3 ...
3....
June
May 27 1
27.
27.
27.
27.
27.
27.
13
May 29 1 H ir^s
1
8^ ins
1
9 H
1
9i V
3
93 ..
?,
n n
4
91 ,.
12
4 9g
3 n
1 9| ins.
2 m "
9 ins.
9^ „
91 „
9^ "
9^ M
91 ,.
43
2
3
1
2
4
12
1
2
1
4
2
10
3
2
1
5
1
3
1
16
9i ins.
9^ ,.
9^ „
10 M
lOi -,
9| ins.
10 ,.
10 J M
10| ..
103 «
10§ M
9j ins.
10 ..
2
3
2 10^
3 10|
16
103
lOi
9i ins.
1 m
2 10^ ins.
2 11 ..
91 ins.
10 ..
103 M
io| ..
log u
lOf ..
12
4
11
6
22 10
8 lOj
16 IC
4 103
10 lOi
8 lOl
14 10|
115
12
4
1
2
1 118
103 ins.
11 ..
11| ,,
10
1
3
4
2
1 lis
1 12
10§ ins.
10| „
10| „
in "
12
1
1
1
lOi ins.
Ill n
12 "
10| ins.
11
11*
12
m
log ins.
11 ..
in ..
113 "
m -,
Hi .1
12 ..
12i -.
31
189 lobsters.
51
12
2 10| ins.
6 11 ..
2 Hi M
1 Hi M
11
229 lbs.
87 i.
30
38i
39
40
12
52
51
14
24
33
189
35
249
46
NATURAL HISTORY REPORT
373
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
Table showing the Measurements of Berried Lobsters put into the '2onn<\— Continued.
June
June
Jul
0. . .
y...
9...
y .
9...
9...
y...
9 ..
June 10.
M 10.
.. 10.
M 10
10
„ 10
.. 10
„ 10
., 10.
June 11
11.
11.
11.
11.
11
1909.
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
June 8
S
8
8
a
8
8
1 86
2 8.1
1 8|
1 9
3 %
2
3
4
5
22
n
9A
9§
9J
1 8i ins
1 8|
2 9
1 o,v
2 9i
1 i'f^T
2 93
2 9i
18
1 Sh ins.
3 9" „
1 9t
2
2
2
5
16
8.V in.s.
8j „
1
1
3
1 9i
3 9i
3 93
5 9i
1 9|
18
4
1
3
2
2
5
4
9
5
35
1
1
2
1
4
3
12
8i ins.
8§ ,.
8J ..
9 M
94 ,.
9| ..
■'i '•
9? M
9§ ..
9$
9?
9i ins.
10
lOi
11 lOi
8 10^
4 lOi
5 log
5 10§
2 lOl
53
1
1
4
4
4
5 101
3 lOf
3 lOJ
6 10|
31
93 ins.
01:1
iv
10
15
9|
10
lOi
lOi
%
1
3
6 10
1 loj
5 10|
5
5
m
m
1 10|
y| ins.
2
10
1
10
3
10
1
10
2 lOi
10
•! 11 ins.
3 11+ „
1 113 ..
2 lU ..
1 llg M
1 12 .,
1 12J ,.
1 I2i „
1 12i „
17
3 10^ ins.
1 10|
2 11^
1 Hi
1 111
3 12
1 12*
12
2
1
5
lOV ins
io| ..
11 ,.
2
4
lU ..
Hi ..
0
ll! M
2
m ..
8
4
4
10| ins.
11 ..
2
Hi „
3
1
Hi ..
1 lU
1 111
103 ins.
103 ..
11 ..
1 Hi
1 Hi
92 lobsters.
61
125 Uw.
85
38
46
63
84
117
147
29
38
374
MARINE AND FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
Table showing the Measurements of Berried Lobsters put into the Pound — Continued.
1909.
June 12.
12.
12.
12.
12
12.
12.
12.
12.
12.
12.
June 14.
„ 14.
,. 14.
M 14.
M 14.
,. 14.
H 14.
June 17.
17.
17.
17
17.
17.
17.
June 18.
18.
18
18.
18.
18
June 21.
21.
21.
21
21.
21.
June 22...
M 22...
M 22...
.. 22...,
June 23..
.. 23 .,
M 23...
.. 23..
., 23..
M 23. ,
" 23..
M 23..
16
8§ ins.
5§ ins.
33 10
24 lOi
24 lOi
16 103
28 lOi
10
72
3 lOi
2 lOi
1 Hi
llli
Ills
ins.
18
4
3
1
1
1
1
11
lOi
m
log
lOf
11
Hi
1 lOi
5 lof
1 11
2 in
1 in
10
2 lOf ins.
1 lOl „
10?
10|
11
IH
12
11
385 lobsters.
487 lbs.
37
62
30
32
15
48
45
82
38
37
19
58
XATURAL HISTORY REPORT
375
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
Table showing the Measurements of Berried Lobsters put into the Found— Continued.
1909.
June 24.
24
24
24.
24.
24
24.
24.
June
25.
25.
25
25
June 2<>.
2(i.
26
26
26
26
26.
26.
26
26.
26.
June 28
.. 28
28
28.
.. 28.
M 28
10
1
1
1
2
2
4
11
June
29
29
29
June
30
30
30
30
30 '
30
July
1
1 1
"
July
o
2. . .
11
1
1
2
3
5
2
3
3
4
20
1
1
8^ ins.
9i ,.
8^ ins
9
9i
94
93
8 ins.
1 85
1 85
1 94
1 9i
1 8i ins.
1 »i ..
9i? ins.
9| ,.
10 „
lOJ ..
lot ',',
1
4
4
2
3
3
3 ici
1 io|
21
3
4
2
2
4
1
16
18
21
22
20
20
17
19 10"
20 lOJt
32 lOi
13 10|
14 104
9| in
10
lOi
10?
loi
lOi
H
9i
9g
9|
216
3
4
3
9g ins.
91
10
2 10^
16
Si
2 10
2 103
1 lOi
2 9g ins.
7 9| ,.
2 9l „
8 10 „
3 lOJ ..
2 10.1 „
24
9A ins.
9|
9^
io|
1 10 ins.
1 m ■■
1
lOi ii
1
III '
1
Hi .
3
Ill ■
1
Uh .
1
12 .
loi
10.5
lOi
Hi
«) 105
11 io5
6 10^
6 11
2 llii
6 Hi
3 Hi
I llg
1
1
1
13
1
3
1
1
1
12i
12.i
13"
47
5
1
1
lOi ins.
10| „
1 11
8
1 Hi ins.
1 113 ..
1 Hi ..
1 10|
4 lOi
lOf
10^
ir
113
lOS
103
10|
11
Hi
39 lobsters.
34
52 lbs.
44
31:
391
35
12
4(
16
6S
30
39
376
MARINE AND FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 191 I
Table showing the Measurements of Berried Lobsters put into the Pound — Continued.
1909.
July 3 . . .
3 ...
3...,
3 ...
3...
3 ..
3 ..
3....
3...
3...,
3....
3...,
3 ...
July 7. ..
H 12...,
" 12...
„ 12...
„ 12 ..
M 12...
,. 12...
., 12 ..
M 12...
M 12...
M 12...
M 12...
July 13...
H 14 ..
„ 1.5...
„ 15...
July 10...
I, IG...
„ 16..
„ 16 .
July 17...
m" 17..
„ 17 ..
M 17...
Jiily 19...
„ 19...
., 19...
H 19...
July 20.
„' 20.
.. 20
10 9J
10 9i
62
1 103
7h ins.
1
1
I 1
1
„ 21.
9
H
8i
H
94
9l
2 9 ins.
1 9i M
1 n -
1 8 ins.
16
20
11
26
14
9f ins.
9| M
9g M
9i „
20 10
14 10^ „
17 lOl „
13 loi M
19 lOi „
5 log „
4 10| .,
6 10| „
185
33
18
16
14
10
17
15
91
9i
9|
91
13 10
12 lOJ
15 lOi
6 lOf
11 lOi
147
9g ins.
lOi „
2
1
1 10|
1 lOi
5
1
3
1
1
6
9g ins.
9g
10
104
3 94 ins.
2 95 .,
4 92 M
1 10 ..
10
1 9i ins.
1 n "
1 9| n
3
1 9i ins.
log
lOi
102
11
m
m
113
1 iig
27
112
12|
1 101 ins.
1 111 M
2 10| ins
1 11 „
1 ing ins.
2 Hi „
1 12 M
2 lOi ins.
1 log „
1 10| „
1 llg 1-
log
11
lot ins.
280 lob.sters.
1
229
1
1
362 lbs.
1
12
16
20
13
3
268
1
n
14
22
25
15
3
NATURAL HISTORY REPORT 377
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
Table showing the Measurements of Berried Lobsters put into the 'Pound— Continued.
27
27.
27...
July 29.
.. 29.,
-, 29
.- 29.,
M 2d.
July 30.
.. 30
M 30
.- 30.
July 31.
M 31
.. 31 .
,. 31
.. 31.
.. 31
.. 31.
.. 31
.. 31
.. 31.
., 31.
1909
July
22
22
July
23
23
,,
23
,,
23
23 i
,,
23 1
„
23 1
„
23
„
23
"
23
July
24 '
1 9i ins.
2 ]0| ,.
1
2
5
1
G
(J
6
7
4
41
2
4
4
1
14
1
1
1 (if
43
1 9
1 n
1 I'i
2 Hh ins.
1 9; ..
1 103
1 io|
7
6
7
10
7
23
2
1
1
2
1
8
8
13
12
17
93 ins.
9i „
9§ .-
9.1 M
9| „
9 10
4 lOi
8 lOj
6 103
5 lOi
69
1 lOJ ins.
4 1(1
2 l(»i
5 lOi
1 lOJ^
5 lOi
6 10|
9i ins.
9g M
9| ..
10 „
9| ins.
10 M
lOj
m
93 ins.
93
8 9|
17 10
ir, lOJ
9 10.|
7 m
IG 10.\
8 105
130
1 Hi ins.
5 lOS
2 lOi
101
11
Hi
^^
lU
1 iig
2 Hi
1
3
1
1 11
1
17
1 10| ins.
5 11 .,
2 Hi „
2 Hi „
10
2
1
I
1
10.^
log
lOi
m
lOA ins.
11" -.
Hi ..
Hi ..
7 10?
3 10|
14 11
6 Hi
lljl
iia
iij
12
2 12i ..
3 124 M
43
6 lobsters.
Gibs.
127
2
147
47
59
20
20
23i
216
3170
273
'4OIU
* Slipped into water so that mea^u
uld not be taken.
378
MARINE AND FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
Table showing the Measurements of Berried Lobsters put into the Pound — Concluded.
Recapitulation.
7^ inches
71
1421
Number of lobsters measured .
Lobster which slipped into water before measurement could bs taken
Lobsters put into pound before my arrival
= 2929
2,929
1
240
3,170
Out of the 2,929 egg-bearing lobsters, shown in the foregoing table : —
12 measured from 7^ to under 8 inches.
253
8
9
1,156
9
10
1,180
10
11
288
11
12
38
12
13
2
1, 13
an
and the other 13| inches.
2,929
The i>ercentage of lengths is as follows: —
7* inches to
under 8 inches
%
p.c
•1
8
9
8%
[
say 9
9
10
381/2
" 39
10
11
39%
" 40
11 "
12
9%
" 10
12
13i
m
" 2
971%.)
100
NATURAL HISTORY REPORT 379
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
Where the ineasureniont in inches is even, the number of lobsters, in each case, is
shown in the recapituhition; and the percentage stands thus: —
8 inches ^5 p.c.
9 " syio "
10 " 7% "
11 " 3%5 "
12 " %5 "
13 " %o "
As regards the mortality of the lobsters, the number taken out of the pound dead
was 167, which is about 5J per cent of the number put in. Were other methods adopted
of getting lobsters conveyed to pounds, as suggested in a previous paragraph, and were
pounds established on the very best principle and managed by the department, I am
satisfied that the percentage of mortality could be reduced to at most one or two per
cent, or be even rendered practically nil. This mortality was largely caused by
the lobsters not recuperating after their treatment during transit, and has purely to do
with the number which died in the pound. Besides these some 60, or nearly 2 per cent
died, or in a few cases were dying, in transit.
The following table shows the mortality in the pound according to the dates : —
Dead
Dead
Lobsters.
Lobsters.
May,
27
1
Julv, 3
5
June
9
2
" 5
t
4
2
6
3
"
.5
2
1
4
"
9
" 10
3
"
10
1
8
"
11
3
" 12
5
"
12
U
4
5
13
4
"
" 14
"
15
2
" 15
5
"
16
3
" 16
0
"
17
5
" 17
3
"
18
19
2
5
" 19
"
"
" 21
1
"
21
3
" 23
2
"
22
6
" 24
4
"
23
6
" 26
1
"
24
25
3
3
29
o
"
" 30
1
"
26
5
Aug. 1
1
"
28
29
30
4
6
4
• • ■>
3
"
3
o
"
4
3
Julv
1
2
2
5
2
167
The temperature of the water in the pound, which was taken daily, ranged from 4-2°
to 69° Fahrenheit, and the highest temperature was in August, at which time the
lobsters were being liberated. The lobsters seemed to thrive under the different tem-
I)eratures, and the higher temperatures did not seem to cause a greater mortality. In
the month of June the thermometer registered from 42° to 59°, in July from 50° to
66°, and in August (during the few days of the liberation, or from the 1st to the Gth of
the month) from 60° to 69°.
The lobsters in the pound were fed at irregular intervals with about 50 lbs. of
salted half putrid herring; sometimes with about 100 lbs. if occasion called for as
much, and the dates when they were fed were the following: June 2, 10. 16, 23 and 29;
380 MARINE AND FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
and July 5, 13 and 20. This appeared to be in keeping with what has been customary
in the feeding of them (and was learned in previous seasons through experience) and
together with what they might forage for themselves, they seemed to be well nourished.
The evidence in regard to so called soft shelled lobsters, or lobsters which had cast
their shells, was of a negative character. It stands to reason that, in so far as egg-
bearing females are concerned, nature would guard against any moulting conditions,
so long as the eggs were adherent to the swimmerets. And this I found to be the case.
Furthermore, the law of moulting would seem to apply uniformly to both sexes. It is
true that the function of moulting is a frequent occurrence in the earlier stages in the
life history of a crustacean; only a few days elapsing before the first moult, after the
little creature has left the egg; but the time lengthens according to the ratio of increase
in the creature's size, until it has attained to sexual maturity at least, or in other words
until it is capable of reproducing its kind.
I am convinced that the moulting season, in so far as the sexually matured lobsters
are concerned (and here we are not dealing with a maximum size) commences after
the spawning season ; so that in order to gather direct information on the question of
their moulting, observations would require to be carried on from say, the latter part
of July, until such time as it was found they had ceased to moult, allowing again for
any exceptional cases of very late moulting.
These paragraphs, bearing on the question of moulting, have nothing directly
to do with the pound, except in order to show that no lobsters moulted in the pound.
Before concluding this part of the report I have to say that I believe that too
much has been made as to ' berried ' lobsters for the purpose of stocking pounds.
True when such at suitable seasons falls into the hands of fishermen they could be
procured and placed in separate compartments of pounds by themselves. But my
researches for the last two seasons, as to the condition of the eggs in the ovaries, have
convinced me iliat it would be wise to largely stock pounds with female lob&ters which
has not yet extruded their eggs. I have opened a great many large sized females, and
in every instance found that they were heavily laden with eggs, and in some these
were approaching ripeness. The female lobsters are really hatcheries i;i themselves.
They carry the eggs all the way from the time when as germs they are secreted in the
ovaries until the time when the membrane bursts upon the swimmerets and the
naupliis is released; and were they put into pounds when the eggs were still inside of
them, the eggs would receive no injury, and would be protected after extrusion. This
implies that pounds would be in operation both summer and winter; and in this way
a continuous means of supply would be had for the stocking of the incubators of
hatcheries.
Proportion of Males and Fe.malks ix 1,546 Lobsters, Based on Observations made at
Canneries and out at Sea.
The accompanying tables and list show the number of males and females in 1,546
lobsters, as well as the number of each sex in each of the 14 tables. They illustrate
different ways of seeking to arrive at an estimate of the proportion of male and
female lobsters in eastern areas of Cape Breton island.
Table 1 shows the number of lobsters contained in 75 traps, 56 of which were
males and 60 were females, making a total of 116 lobsters. Table 2 shows the num-
ber of each sex in 99 lobsters under 8 inches in length, and in the same way table
3 shows the number of each sex in 75 lobsters from 8 inches to under 9 inches; table
4, from 9 inches to under 10 inches; table 5, from 10 inches to under 11 inches, and
table 6 from 11 inches and upwards. Table 7 shows the number of each sex in 230
lobsters measured at Fourchu cannery, ranging from 5ih inches to 13^ inches, 112 of
which were males and 118 were females. Table 8 shows the number of each sex in 16
NATURAL HISTORY REPORT
381
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
large lobsters selected at Gull Cove cannery, 4 of which were males and 12 were
females, and tables 9, 10, 11 and 12 the number of each sex in a aeries of 25 each at
various localities. Table 13 shows the number of each sex in the contents of a crate,
and table 14 of the remainder of a crate at one of the canneriee at Gabarouse. Besides
these tables the number of each sex in 461 lobsters, 205 males and 256 females is
shown. The total number of lobsters is 1,546, of which 706 were males and 840 were
females. The percentage of the sexes is within a shade of 455 males and 54J females,
and in one table only (table ^) are the males in excess.
Table 1. — Showing number of lobsters contained in 75 traps, which were lifted, in
my presence, by Rafuse and Son, fishermen. The number of males and females which
the traps respectively contained is also shown. — Fourchu.
a
2
2
2
1
2
'a
1
2
3
-
1
"a
1
1
"3
S
.i
o
i
"3
1
1
X
v
•3
S
«
J
o
Trap 1
TraD 26
TrapSl
2
, 27
.. 52
n 53
2
,. 3
2
2
1
, 28
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
4
, 29
1
1
1
3
1
4
„ 54
2
I
1
„ 5
„ G
- 30
. 31
. 32
, 33
i .. .55
.. 56 ..
„ 7
1
2
2
.. 57
.. 58
"59
i M 60
i „ 61
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
„ 8
3
„ 9
:::: ::::
, 34
]
1
2
„ 10
X
X
X
, 35
„ 11
, 36
1
....
„ 12
, 37
„ 62
., 13
2
1
2
1
, 38
::::::::
.. 63
M 64
„ 65:
„ 14
, 39
"i
!
1
2
1
X
.. 15
. 40
. 41
, 42
1
X
„ 16
„ 66
X
„ 17
X
.. 67
„ 68
„ 69
1
1
1
2
-. 18
M 19
1
. 43
, 44
1
1
1
„ 20
3
X
X
, 45
.. 70
„ 71
1
„ 21
, 46
X
„ 22
1
2
2
, 47
1
2
1
2
„ 72
5
„ 23
. 48
■ 49
, 50
.. 73
.. 74
„ 75
i'
X
„ 24
„ 25
X
Number of male lobsters
Number of female lobst
56
60
1
rrVif
pr^
Also in trap 29, 1 lobster.
sex undetermir
led.
Q1 1K=
Trap 29 also contained a ' berried ' lobster, 9| inches, 1 lb.
Trap 31 also contained a lobster which was lost overboard.
382
MARINE AND FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
Table 2. — Proportion of males and females in 99 lobsters under 8 inches in length.
— Fourchu cannery.
Inches.
Males.
Females.
Inches.
Males.
Females.
Inches.
Males.
Females.
52
1
2
1
1
1
Q\i
1 .
1
3
1
1
3
2
7A
7h
7A
7g
7J
71 '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.
1
10
1
2
7
1
4
2
el
6|
7
7 A
1
2
6
6X
4
2
6A
"l ""
1 '"'
3
7f
It:::.:::
?f:::.::;:
i
2
6
2
3
8
gS
6i
6|
2
2
1
3
el
11
5
17
5
26
21
Number of male lobsters. .
Number of female lobsters.
54
45
99
Table 3. — Proportion of males and females in 75 lobsters from 8 inches to under
9 inches in length. — Pourchu cannery.
Inches.
Males
Females.
Inches.
Males.
Females.
Inches.
Males.
Females.
8
3
4
2
1
5
3
3
8|
1
2
2
3
3
1
fef
4
m
4
1
3
1
3
8,V
8tV
8i
8i%
2
5
sr
If:.:::::::
8A
6
2
6
3
3
8|
m
2
1
18
20
10
12
9
6
Number of male lobsters. .
Number of female lobsters.
37
38
75
NATURAL HISTORY REPORT
383
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
Table 4. — Proportion of males and females in 75 lobsters from 9 inches to under
10 inches in length. — Fourchu cannery.
Inches.
9
IB
n
Males.
Females.
2
2
.5
1
4
1
2
4
14
7
Inches.
9A-
Males.
13
Females. Inches.
18
Males.
10
Females.
13
Number of male lobsters. .
Number of female lobstei's.
37
38
75
Table 5. — Proportion of males and females in 75 lobsters from 10 inches to
under 11 inches in length. — Fourchu cannery.
Inches.
Males.
Females.
Inches.
Males.
Females.
Inches.
Males.
Females.
10
4
1
2
1
1
9
2
3
2
8
lOA
3
1
1
6
1
lOi
lOU
3
8
lOjV
lOi
lOf
10/jr
2
3
lol*
lOii
io| ...
1
7
lOfff
lOJ
loi ... .
lOA
5
3
3
0
17
7
12
6
3
Number of male lobsters 22
Number of female lobsters 53
75
384
MARINE AND FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
Table 6. — Proportion of males and females in 75 lobsters from 11 inches and
upwards in length. — Fourchu cannery.
Inches.
Males.
Females.
Inches.
Males.
Females.
I nches.
Males.
Females.
11^'.'. .....
1
5
1
4
1
3
3
3
lU ....
Ill . . .
IIA
lliV
3
4
1
7
4
.....
4
3
12A
12i
12|
12|
123
i '"
1
1
1
2
iir...
11^
1
1
4
2
i '
1
iif
Ill
1
i4
uu
mi
i2n .. .
1
Ill
....
4
2
1
11/ir
9
10
20
14
21
4
6
Number of male lobsters. .
Number of female lobsters.
28
47
Table 7. — Proportion of males and females in 230 lobsters,
inches to 13^ inches in length. — Fourchu cannery.
ranging from 5U
Inches.
Males.
45
Females.
27
Inches.
8|
If
m.
9 .
H
H .
It.
O 9
•'Tir-
9§ .
't
91'
91 5
10 .
10 A
loi .
Males.
48
Females
45
Inches
Males.
19
Females.
46
Number of male lobsters .
Number of female lobsters.
112
118
>30
.\.177 /.MA nisJitUY REPORT
385
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
Tablk iS. — Proportion of males and females in 10 lobsters ranging from 9| inches
to 12 inches in length, — Gull Cove cannery.
Inches.
MaK-a.
Ffiiiales.
Inches.
Males.
Females.
Inches.
Males.
Females.
!!'
I
1
' 1(W . . .
1
1
Hi
Hi
IIA
loi
101,v
loi
lOi
1
1
2
10,-::
101^...:
11
1
1
llf
lOu
12 ....
2
4
2
3
Number of male lobsters 4
Xumber of female lobsters 12
T-\BLE 9. — Proportion of males and females in 25 lobsters raufiin^^ from Gj^g inches
to 12| inches in length. — Gull Cove cannery.
Inches.
i\[alcs>.
Females.
Inches.
Males.
Females.
Inche.s.
Males.
Females.
Q,\
1
1
1
1
9
n.^T
9i
1
1
.... ^...
1
1
1
2
lOi
log
1
8
2
1
8rV
103
llj
12i
" i ""
1
8|
9A..
1
^h
8ft
m
4
1
1
€
10
m
8
4
2
6
2
3
Xumber of male lobsters 12
Xumber of female lobsters 13
*J5
Tablk 10. — Proi>ortiuu of males and females in 25 lobsters ranging from 8 J inches
to 12A inches in length. — Gabarus Cape cannery.
Inches.
IS:
9
H ■
Malt
Females. Inches. Males.
Females. Inche.-. Males. Females.
9a
1 lOi .
2 10| .
1 10^ .
lOf,.
1 loji.
lOi; ..
11 ..
lU ..
11 A.,
ll| .
Ntimber of male lobsters 12
Xumber of female lobsters 13
22—2:
386
MARINE AXD FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
Table 11. — Proportion of males and females in 25 lobsters ranging from 7 Vo to
11t^ inches in length. — Scatterie Island.
Inches.
're-
8A
Males.
Females.
Inches.
9 .
n-
10..
Males.
Females.
Inche.'s.
Males.
Females
lOf
lOH
lll>B
11 3
i "
1
Number of male lobsters 10
Number of female lobsters 15
25
Table 12. — Proportion of males and females in 25 lobsters varying from 6^- inches
to 11^ inches in length. — Union Company, Gabarouse.
Inches.
Males.
Females.
Inches.
Males.
Females.
Inches.
Males.
Females.
6i
1
l""
1
9^
9'i
9ii
9r
10
2
1
1
1
10,v
7%
1
1
i"
1
l'"
lOi^
8 ::: : :
10|
10[;f . ...
loi
9
1
1
9,V
lOA
loi
i
lOjg
lU ■
1
1
'J'i
1
1
4
4
6
3
2
6
Number of male lobsters .
Number of female lobsters.
12
13
25
NATCRAL JIlsToJn REPORT
387
SESSIONAL PAPER No.- 22
Tablk 13. — Proportion of males and females in 170 lobsters ranging from (ji
inches to 124 inches in length, — II. E. Baker Company, Gabarouse.
Inches. Males. Females. Iiichei.
tU..
Gk..
7i.
lis
7,4..
36
8. It
8ii.
It
It
m
11":
m.
9...
»:
9ft
»:
It:
Males
36
FemaleH. Inches, i Males. Females.
36
W:
10..
i(V«.
loi.
108..
lOj..
10.».
10?.'.
Ill
111:;
nu
12...
12i..
tl
Number of male lobsters 83
Number of female lobsters 87
170
Table 14. — ProiX)rtion of males and females in 54 lubsters ranging from 7^ iiu-ho
to 113 inches in length. — II. E. Baker Company, Gabarouse.
Inches.
Males.
Females.
Inches.
Male.^.
; Females.
Inches.
Males
Fem.iles.
7i
7r
1
......
II';::::::
1
1
1 1
1 2
9f
9i8
.........
1
7i
2
84
2
1
10, v.. .
1
8
2
2
9
1
1
1
3
loi:'
io,^«
i:;-::::;-:
•1
H
94
1
^i
i
2
H
2
2
loj
1
8,V
1
1
I
3f
2
'
log
11
lU
1
4-
Hk
1
2
2
1
91
1
1
85
1
»H
2
115
1
7
11
11
i "
4
7
Number of male lobsters, ,
Number of female lobsters.
22
54
-2.->i
388
MARINE AXD FfSHEh'IES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
Proportion of males and females in 1,5 tC lobsters.
Table.
Males.
Females.
Totals.
1
Fourchu —contents of 7i) traps
56
54
37
37
22
28
112
4
12
12
10
12
83
22
205
60
45
38
38
53
47
118
12
13
13
15
13
87
32
256
116
2
Fourchu cannery — under 8 ins. in length
99
3
4
1. from 8 ins. to under 9 ins. in length
9 „ 10
75
75
6
6
7
8
9
10
10 M 11 . "
II 11 ins. and upwards in length
.1 \ ai ious sizes
Gull Cove cannery— selected sizes
11 II various .sizes
Gabai'ouse Cape cannery — various .sizes..
75
75
230
16
2J
25
11
Scatterie Island lobsters — various sizes.
25
12
Union Co. cannery, (labarouse — various sizes
25
13
14
H. E. Baker Co. cannery, (Jabarouse— contents of a crate
11 11 11 remainder of a crate
11 11 11 (not measured)
170
54
461
106
840
1,546
Percentage of males and females in the 1,546 lobsters :
females, 54:^^%73 per cent = 100.
(In one table only (taible 2) are the males in excess.)
Males, 45-"5i->i-73 per cent;
11em.\rks concerning riu)PosED Sites for structires for the artificial culture of
THE Lobster.
This deals in particular with sites for pounds and hatcheries, and incidentally
with the question (were such a thing enacted) of setting apart definite areas, where
it would be prohibitory to catch the lobster.
That something ought to be done, not only to protect and preserve the lobster, but
to so replenish and increase its numbers, as to convert it into a most lucrative com-
modity, is to my mind undoubted. And this could be done. There is on the part of
some persons a complete misunderstanding as to the benefits to be derived through
methods of artificial culture. They reason that we cannot improve on nature. This,
when it is intended to make some species in particular e.xtra-multitudinous, is all
wrong.
According to the laws of nature (and barring the interference of man) species in
general have an equal chance to thrive and survive, but they have no more than that.
Some, it is true, in the battle of competition maist go to the wall, and some may even
grow to be so much out of sympathy with their environment as to become extinct. The
Rytina of Behring straits is such an instance. But nature is no respecter of species.
What she does is simply to maintain the general economy of life, without giving the
preference to species in particular. The case is otherwise when man wishes to turn
some species in particular to his own advantage. His fields of wheat, his herds of
cattle and his hives of bees, are illustrations of this. In one sense he tampers with
unture on their behalf. In uncultivated natural wastes a multitiule of plants have an
equal chance, but he must turn the waste into arable land, to the exclusion of weeds,
if he intends to have a crop. This is culture. It is the handicapping of nature in a
particulir fielrl to maintain the general bilanco of life, by calling upon her forces to
expand them in a singular direction. In full view of these circumspections, the lobster
just now calls for speciiil, and even grave, considerarion. ^Mthougli not so highly
XATl JriL Jllsrojn lUiroIiT 389
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
=ipecialized a creature as the crab, llevertllele^?!5 the lobster is the crustacean most valu-
able to man; ami too much care cannot be exercised towards its preservation and
roplonishment. There are at least three ways in which it could be made to be extra-
multitudinous: by the establishment of piunds. hatcheries an<l areas, such as bays
and harbours ])rotoctcd by law.
The pound is a new VfuUire, wliifli. it' jiropcrly eiifiiuci red anil etiiciently niauaind
could be mnde a valuable adjunct in the propajjiation of the lobster. The first thin^r to
consider is proper sites for the purpose, and the structure of pounds. The coa>t-line
topography is diversified, so that there could be no uniformity of plan to adopt in their
construction. They would require to be constructed according to the features of each
given place; and this would necessitate every kind of style, grading from that of the
one at Fourchu. with its walls built out into the harbour, to what would be require<l
of an artificial character were the natural pond at Lower West Pubnico converted into
a pound. My knowledge of the one at Fourchu, Cape Breton, and of the pounds for
keeping lobsters for the live trade in the state of Maine, together with my ob.servations
around the coast of southern counties in Nova Scotia, in looking out for suitable sitiS,
have shown me tlii-<; and the subject will be better understood as attention is <lrawu
to the varied topographical peculiarities of different points visited, and which I describe
as places suitable a.s sites for the con.struction of i)ounds.
We may begin with Queens county, as there were points around the cr.ast of that
county which especially iin])ressod me as suitable.
Speclade island is distant about two miles by water from Port Mouton, which
place is distant some ten miles by road from Liverpool, X.S. At this island there is
a spacious bay (that is, spacious for the purpose of a pound), which nature has already
done much for, in view of its being turned into a retaining pound. Its southern,
eastern, aiul part of its western shores would form three of the borders of the pound,
so that for the first two mentioned no walls would require to be built; b»it on its
western side there is a bar at low water mark which is flooded at high water mark,
nn«l a wall of say SO feet at an extreme length would require to be built across this
gap; and it could be built in such a way as to allow the water to percolate through it;
so that in view of what is presentlj^ to be said about a wall built across from the
eastern to the western sides, in order to form an artificial northern border, the pound
would be supplied with a double inter-flow of water. A very extensive pound could be
constructed at this place by placing a stone wall, of say about 250 feet long, across
from the eastern to the western side, and at a considerable distance, perhaps as far out
as TO feet, from the southern shore. This would form the northern border of the
pound, which likewise could be built in such a way as to ]>ermit of an inter-fluency
of water. There is for the most part a gradual deepening of the water from the south-
ern shore of this bay outwards, but owing to the elevation of rocks, the depth varies
somewhat, and this would be all the better, as such conditions would be more suitable
to the lobsters. The deepest place may be given at about seven feet at low tide an<l
twelve feet at high tide; but even. as far out as seventy feet from the shore the depth
at low tifle at sonic i)laces may not exceed four and a-half fi'ct. The place, in fact,
in a measure, would form a regular kind of basin. Kel grass and various kinds of
sea-weeds grow in it, and it is indwelt with dams, mussels, periwinkhs, spirorbis and
cunners. and doubtless by other creatures. The cunncr is a predatory fish, and an
enemy to the lol>stcr, and here it may bo said once for all, that in treating of the con-
struction of pounds in general, means ought to be adoi)tcd for keeping cunners, eels
and other predatory fishes out of them. Of course such an extensive pound woid«l
require to be subdivided into sections, the partitions of whi»'h would be of woodwork
upon basements of stone. If the creetinn of such an extensive enclosure were not
390 MARINE AND FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
entertained, then a smaller enclosure could be constructed by building an eastern
wall from the southern shore to its junction at the northern wall, and by having the
northern wall placed at a shorter distance than seventy feet from the southern shore.
In that case the length of the northern wall would be considerably shorter, and a por-
tion only of the bay utilized as a pound, and an area ^embracing some 4,000 or 5,00i)
square feet could be allotted for the purpose; but in any case the construction of a
lobster pound at this bay would entail an expenditure of several thousands of dollars.
Spectacle island lighthouse is closely adjacent to this bay.
Fralich Cove is situated near the mouth of the Mersey river, about two miles
from Liverpool. My observations of it were made at high neap tide, but I apprehend
its approximate depth to be 3 feet at low neap-tide and 7 feet at high neap-tide at its
northern side, and 7 feet at low neap-tide and 11 feet at high neap-tide at its south-
ern side. Its bed is composed of gravel and sand, and it contains eel grass and alga.
In one way nature has done even more for this cove than she has for the bay at
Spectacle island. No masonry could well do more than nature has already done with
three of its sides. It forms a regular natural harbour, and if an artificial wall were
luiilt across it (at an approximate cost of, say, $2,000) between two of its sides an
almost uniform square would be formed. I fear, however, that it is too valuable a
cove as a natural harbour for boats to practically i)ermit of its being connected into
a lobster pound, and I also fear that owing to its near proximity to the Mersey that
brackish conditions might at certain times react upon it.
West End, Coign's Island Harbour is some three miles distant southeast from
Liverpool. The place was observed when the tide was receding. Its deepest place
at low tide is about two feet and some seven feet at high spring tide. Its bed is of
gravel and rock, with a layer of mud, and it contains eel grass, alga, periwinkles,
mussels, clams, amp]iipod.s, sculpins, flat-fish, eels and cunners. The layer of mud
would not be injurious to the lobsters, for I learned during my observations at
Fourchu that the 'berried' lobsters scoop out with their tails for themselves regular
nests or semi-burrows in the mud. I consider that this harbour could be turned into
a pound at an estimated cost of about $500.
Todd's Point, Lockeport Ilarhour. — This place is situated within the corporation
of the town of Lockeport in Shelburne county. Facing the east it gradually slopes
off from the shore, and at 50 feet out has a depth of about 4 feet at low tide and 10
feet at high tide ; whilst at some 60 feet from shore it is over 5 feet at low tide. The
bed at this point of the harbour is of rock with a slight deposit of mud and eel gra.ss,
alga, periwinkles and amphipods were observed in the water. The style of the form of
a pound built here would be somewhat similar to that of the one at Fourchu on a
smaller scale, but instead of a southern shore line it would have a western one. A
ledge of rock, which would be to the south of where the pound would be constructed,
would form an excellent breakwater. Near the place there is a lobster factory.
Knoll's Point is about three-quarters of a mile to the west of Barrington Passage
village. In general character it is very similar to Todd's Point, and a pound built
hero would also have a western shore line. Were, a pound established at Lockeport
perhaps there would be no occasion to construct one here. Both points are in Shel-
burne county, and probably one located at the former place would answer the purpose
for that county.
Seal Island is situated some 18 or 20 miles off the coast of southern Nova Scotia.
It belongs to Yarmouth county, but was approached by me from Clarke's harbour,
Shelburne county. Having learned of a disused lobster pond on this island, I wont
to the place in order to .see it. The island has a circumference of about seven miles,
but I found' that it has no sheltered harbours around its coast; therefore, from every
direction, it is openly exposed to the sea. The private pond in question runs dry. and
XATI HAL HISTORY REl'ORT 391
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
had been devisod without any adequate knowledf^e as to tlie requisites of a lobster
pound, so that to eifectually convert it into such the water would require to be cooped
in by the construction of sluice gates. Besides I found that fresli water enters the
pond. Keeping these considerations in view, and by diverting the fresh water, it
could at a coni>iderable expense be turned into a lobster pound. There are other
places on this island where pounds could bo constructed, but they would require to be
entirely artificial in style, and the expense would be very heavy.
Long Beach Natural Pond. — The coast line of the county of Digby is aflFected by
the exceedingly high rise of the tide in the Bay of Fundy. therefore it woidd not be
practicable to establish lobster pounds in that county. Nevertheless, owing to the
peculiar topographical features, there is a singular exception to this. At Long Beach
thoro is a natural pond, formed by a natural wall of stones, through which the water
percolates from the sea, so that even at full tide this wall is above the level of the
sea and the water continues to percolate through it until nearly low water. It was
observed when the tide was at three-quarter flood, and was then some 1,350 feet long.
The average depth at low tide is some three feet and the deepest part some eight feet ;
whilst allowing for the exceedingly high rise of the tide, its depth at high tide may
be given at about eighteen feet. The pond has a mountainous background. It is
situated five miles across from Grosse Coqucs and eight milo< from '"'burfh Pnint.
HATCHEIIIES.
It has been pointed out that it would be impracticable to establish lobster pounds at
points where the coast line is affected by the high rise of the tide in the Bay of Fundy.
This is on account of the i^lace being flooded at high tide and drained at low tide. In
principle a pound has no altitude, but must stand level or in line with the plane of the
water from which it obtains its supply from without, and therefore is affected by the
ebb and flow of the tide. But the site for a hatchery is in principle quite different, so
that hatcheries may be erected at points unadapted for the construction of pounds,
and indeed there has to be for them more or less of an elevation. .
Parker's Cove is situated on the Bay of Fundy, within a few miles of Grenville
ferry, Annapolis county, and there is an excellent road between the two places. It
appears to 1)0 a thriving little village, and is, so it appeared to me. better adapted for
the establishment of a hatchery than any other place observed in the various counties
visited in the southern part of Xova Scotia. A hatchery erected here would have a
solid rock foundation, and would be elevated about the level of the water at high water
mark, whilst it would be in close proximity to, or near the edge of the bay. Adjacent
to the place, where it would stand, there is a ravine through which a small brook of
fresh water runs, so that there would be an ample supply of fresh water for operating
the machinery of the hatchery.
Salt-water Pond near Dlghy. — Situated as Digby county is. its coast line in char-
acter is somewhat intermediate between that of the Annapolis district and that of the
southern counties of Xova Scotia beginning with Yarmouth county, so that its fea-
tures do not render it well adapted for the establishment of either hatcheries or pounds.
The pond in question is distant some four miles from Digby by road, and about one
and a-hnlf miles across the bny from that i)l:ici\ In view of what will he said under
the heading: 'Areas protected by law." it might possibly be turned to account as a
kind of auxiliary or retaining p«ind, were a hatchery erected adjoining the place high
up above its borders; but this will be better understood when the matter of protected
area.s is treated of. The average approximate depth of the pond at high tide is about
20 i'oot, the deepest part being ;ib«Mit 2.') feet, and at low tide it is virtiyilly dry. It is
formed of a long bar with a gap, admitting tln' ingre-^s and egress of the water. At
its further end, whi«'h I did not reach, there is said to be a slight stream of fresk
392 MARINE AND FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
water. I have not considered this pond under tho lieadiny ' I'oinids ' as I am nut
satisfied with it as suitable for that purpose, and to make it effectual, either as a
lobster pound, or as a retaining pond in connection with a hatchery, much would
require to be done artificially so as to keep the water cooped in at the recession of the
tide. As to the erection of a hatchery adjacent to this point, I cannot speak of it at
all in the terms of the place at Parkers cove, but having seen it I incidentally mention
it here, in case it might at some time be turned to practical account in the interests
of the artificial cultivation of the lobster.
KnoU's Point. — This place has already been treated of under the heading 'Pounds.'
A little to the west of the spot described as suitable for the establishment of a pound,
and with a shore line facing the south, there is an elevated place where a hatchery
might be erected. It would have the advantage of being near the village of Barring-
ton Passage, and would be an ideal place in certain respects, but fresh water wo\dd
require to be conveyed to it, and probably a long way through pipes.
AREAS PROTECTED BY LAW.
1 desire to draw attention to the advisability of having definite areas set apart
where the lobster at all stages of its life history would be left unmolested. Were this
done I am satisfied that, in conjunction with its general distribution, either from
hatcheries or from pounds, much could be done experimentally on its behalf. It is
well known that in protected areas, such as Algonquin Park, that various creatures
liave thriven and multiplied, and this is especially true in the case of the beaver.
There are bays and harbours where formerly the lobster was plentiful, but where
now it is either altogether exterminated or reduced to insignificance in numbers or
in size.
For instance, in former years Fourchu harbour was teeming with lobsters, but
now there are none there. Yet the character of the harbour as a suitable environment
for the lobster has not altered, and it is still indwelt by other marine creatures in-
numerable. I was not long at the place before I determined that there was no natural
Teason why the lobster should not live and thrive in- this harbour, and it was not
until I had convinced myself on that point that I learned througih inquiry, in con-
versation with men who had been there from their youth, that as a matter of fact
the harbour at one time was alive with enormous sized lobsters. There can be only
one explanation as to how they have disappeared. They have all been fished out.
Yet still this beautiful harbour abides with the same bed of broken shells and gravel;
with the same growth of eel grass and algae; with the same host of living organisms,
swimming, crawling or gliding through the same salubrius and limpid waters. The
lobster can be restored to the harbour, but it can only be restored throug'h the most
persevering vigilance and by persisting to restock it and guard it.
Another instance is the present condition of the lobster at Gabarouse bay. Here it
has not yet been exterminated, but it is sadly on the way to be, and its final disappear-
ance from here is but a question of a very short time. When a law of nature of this
kind is violated, its affects are first manifested in a reduction, not only in the num-
ber, but in the size of the creature persecuted. The explanation is dubious; the fact
is certain. The wholesale destruction of antelopes in South Africa has resulted in
little being left within hundred of miles of the Cape, except a few insignificant
spring-boks. But this can be best judged of, in the case of the lobster, by what I
found out for myself by probing into tho matter at Gabarouse bay. I took a boat onf»
day and lifted some traps in the bay, and herewith give in detail a list of the contents
of each trap: —
NATI RAL HISTORY REPORT 393
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
Trap 1. — 1 lobster, 8i inches (male); crabs, a berinit crab and a gciilpiii.
" 2. — 0 Iol>sters; crabs and 2 sculpins.
" 3.— 0 lobsters; 2 crabs.
" 4. — 3 lobsters, 7? inches (male), 8J inches (female), Og inches (male); 2
whclk-shells.
" 5. — 1 lobster, 8i inches (male) ; 3 crabs, a sea-urchin and 2 whelks.
" 0. — 1 lobster, 6^ inches (male); 4 crabs.
" 7. — 5 lobsters, 6| inches (male), 71 inches (male), SJ inches (male), 8i
inches (male), lOli inches (female); periwinkles and a crab.
" 8. — 4 lolwters, 7J inches (male), 7i inches (female), 8 inches (male) 10
inches (male) ; pcriwinkh's and a wli«lk.
15 lobsters.
Thus out of these 15 lobsters, the contents cf tlie S traps, G or 40 per cent were
undersized, and only 3 lobsters or 20 per cent were above 9 inches in length, and still
there is no natural reason why this bay should not be full of large sized lobsters.
I am, therefore, desirous of drawing attention to the urgent need of restocking
such places at Fourchu harbo\ir an<l Gabarouse bay (and these are the two places with
which I am most conversant as to how the lobster has been depleted in bays and
harbours), and of having tliem protected, irrespective of the carrying out of methods
in vogue, of distributing the young fry from the hatcheries into more exposed and
open areas of the sea. There are more ways than one in which this could be done.
I do not see that any good can ever come from what has hitherto been the prac-
tice at the Fourchu pound of conveying ' berried ' lobsters, at the close of the open
season, from the pound to the areas from whence they were obtained. On the con-
trary, I have to point out, that that is a most pernicious thing to do. The membrane
of the eggs is then in rupture, and it is impossible to handle the lobsters without
injury to the eggs or the young fry, and rather than do that it would be better by far
to leave them in the ocean. There can be no question whatsoever that the pound could
be turned to great account, but chiefly locally, as a means whereby the lobster would
be restored to Fourchu harbour, and its restoration there would eventually react upon
other areas of the vicinity.
Another method might be adopted at Gabarouse bay. There, there is no ix>und, and
by stocking and persisting to stock this bay year after year with matured lobsters
there can be no reason, if left unmolested, why they .should not be as plentious there
again as they were in days gone bye. But there need be no attemjit to replenish
either this harbour or bay, or similar areas, unless laws are enacted to leave the
lobsters unmolested there, mid by liaviug sucli laws cnforccil.
liliil.iMMi Al. StI I>V n|- Tin: LoHSTKK.
Tho full bcnrtils to be derived frmn the artiticial cultivation of the lobster can
never be gained without expert study of the lobster itself. It is somewhat humiliat-
ing that much concerning the life history of a creature which is common on the
Minrkct and on the table is until now enshrouded in darkness, and may well seem
astonishing to any who arc unacquainted with the circumstances of the ca.-;e, especiall.v
when wc consider the value of the lobster as an article of commerce. The only way
to dispel this lack of knowledge is by calling in the powerful aid of modern science.
Wc cannot dive into the natural haunts of the lobster at the bed of the sea in order
to observe what is doing down there; nor can we even watch the free swimming minute
juvenile as it glides about near the surface of the sea, but much could be tlone by
artificially imitating its natural environment so as to closely watch iis metamorphasis,
its moulting fuuftions and its habits.
394 MARINE AXD FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911-
To the lasting credit of United States authorities, it is true that experimental
and practical researches have already been carried on along such lines of investiga-
tion, and the fruit of these is shown In their voluminous reports; but as there are
still fields open for investigation, researches carried on on our part along similar
lines would without doubt yieltl, not only corroborative truth, but bring something
more to light, and there are still many things of fundamental importance to be
discovered.
It would be exceedingly interesting to follow the lobster as it rapidly passes from
one stage to another in the earlier forms of its development, beginning with the
newly hatched out swimming nauplius to the still tiny crawling creature which has
assumed the form of the adult. To efficiently follow up such observations various
means would require to be devised, and all of a sudden the apparatus necessary for
the purpose could not well be equipped, but by treading along the path which has
already been marked out through, what is already known about this most valuable
crustacean a great deal of preliminary work could be entered into, which would pave
the way for more detailed and elaborate study. Such a question as the polygamous,
misclgamous or monogamous nature of the lobster requires investigation. Its answer
would bring to light much regarding the relationships of the sexes to each other,
and this knowledge would lead to the ascertaining what proportion of males to
females should be put into artificial enclosures intended for the cultivation of the
lobster. A study of the spermatozoa, or fertilizing germs, of the male lobster is also
a thing of importance. I am already aware that the sperms of the male lobster are
of peculiar shape, and by studying them under the lens of a miscroscope some physi-
ological function special to the lobster, or its allies, might be brought to light. The
way in which the lobster is distributed over banks, adjacent to islands, far off from
the mainland coast, is another important question awaiting adequate solution, and
information on the subject would be valuable in revealing how the quantities and sizes
of lobsters in such areas compare with those in closer proximity to the mainland
shores. These are a few propositions, suggestive of what requires to be undertaken
in a scientific study of the natural history of the lohster, and there are other subjects
of equal importance to these, concerning which a great deal of preliminary work
could be entered into in view of opening the way towards more deeply penetrating
into unsolved problems concerning the development, physiological functions and habits
of the lobster.
FisiiKiiY Exhibit at the Xew Westminster, Bhitish CoLriiuiA, E-XIubitiox.
For the third time I had. charge of the Fishery Exhibit at the New Westminster
Exhibition, which was held in October. This was not, as on the two former occasions
in the industrial building, but in a separate building by itself, erected by the Exhibi-
tion Association for the purpose. This building is made of British Columbia wood,
and is an ornament to the grounds. Above the door-way at the entrance is the word
^Fisheries' in gilt and carved in wood; and inside the walls are coloured olive green
below the panels and peacock blue above the panels. Its dimensions are some 52 feet
long, ?>0 feet wide and 16 feet high, the height above the panels being some 6 feet 4
inches. The door-way has a length of about 11 feet. This exhibit, which is intended to
be a permanent one, was under the auspices of the Marine and Fisheries Department,
and the general character of the display may be best judged of by the following list of
oxlilblts : —
FISH HATCHERY.
Eggs of the spring salmon, sockeye salmon and dog salmon In incubator trays.
Eggs of Fraser river salinonoids preserved in fornmlin, showing their development,
viz., cohoe snlinou. spring salmon, sockeye salmon and dog salmon.
.Y 177 UM. Illsltth'Y nri'ORT 395
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
Fresh water aquaria containing living tislic-;, viz.:
Cohoe salmon (^Oncorhyncus kisutch).
Sockeye salmon (Oncorhyncus nerla).
Speckled trout (Salvelinus fontinalis).
White sturgeon (Acipenser Iransntuntainis).
Scnlpins.
Marine aquaria containing star-fishes, sea-urchins, mollusks and crustaceans,
collected at Departure bay and Burrard inlet.
Museum jars with specimens preserved in formalin, viz.: cohoe salmon, spring
salmon, steel-head salmon, sculpins, white sturgeon, dog-fisii. skat(\ crabs,
whale-barnacles, sea urchins, &c.
Mo\inted head of a white sturgeon {Acipenser tran^monlanns).
This sturgeon was 111 feet lung and weighed about TOO lbs., was reciutly
taken in the Fraser river, and is one of the largest on record in British
Columbia.
Gelatin cast of a sockeye salmon.
American lobster (Iloniarus americanus) mounted.
The American lobster has been transplanted from the Atlantic to the Pacific
coast; and this specimen, which is from Bictou, Nova Scotia, is meant to
illustrate that valuable crustacean.
Mounted specimens from Canadian Fisheries Museum, viz.:
2 King salmon, 2 dog salmon, 4 Quinnat salmon, and 1 steel-head salmon.
Birds mounted in cases with concave glass fronts, viz. :
Green-Avingcd teal (Net Hon caroUnetisis).
Little white egret (Ardea candidissima).
Northern phalarope (Phnlaropus lohatus) in summer and winter plumage.
Wilson's sniije (Gallinago delicata).
Greater yellow-legs (Totanus inelanoleiiciis).
Black-bellied plover (^Squafarola squatarola).
Greater yellow-legs {Totanus melanoleucus) , mounted.
Loon or great-northern diver (Urinator imher), mounted.
Loaned by Mr. Alex. Robertson of the Harrison lake fish hatchery.
Biological Station, Departure bay, Nanaimo:
Numerous marine invertebrates in flat table-cases, viz. : pectens, clams, whale-
barnacles, crabs, star-fishes, &e. Donated and loaned liy Kev. G. W. Taylor,
the o\irator of the station.
Views of the British Columbia Fisheries, viz.:
Office of fishery inspector, New Westminster.
Salmon hatchery. Granite Creek. Two views.
The garden, salmon hatchery. Granite Creek.
The pack. St. Mungo cannery.
Lillooet river.
Chinese killing salmon,
Capilano river. Second Canon.
(Jrilse of socke.yc and a matm-.- -;oi-k. yr. Females.
Siwash cleaning salmon.
Socko.yes, Fraser river,
Scott Creek. Bitt lake.
TTaliimt steamer di-<<liarging eateh at C'lumbia cul«l storage. Now West*
minster.
396 MARIXE AXD FISHERIES
1 GEORGE v., A. 1911
('aiiiicrios, Stcveston.
Mamquin river, Squainisli.
Hatchery troughs, Harrison hike hatchery.
58-lb. spring salmon, caught in Fraser river.
Cannery, Anneville, Fraser river.
Traps at Morris Creek, Harrison river, for securing sockeyes f'^v spawning.
The rapids. Verifier river.
Harrison lake hatchery. Exterior view.
Spent sockeyes. l\rale and female.
Grilse and mature sockeye salmon. Males and females.
Bon Accord hatchery.
Squamish river.
Trap salmon at B. C. cannery.
SS. Kestrel at Bon Accord hatchery, taking on fry for the west coast, Van-
couver island.
Harrison lake hatchery. Interior view.
Capilano river.
' The Line,' B.C. cannery,
Fraser river fishing boats.
Sandheads, Fraser river.
Retorts, St. Mungo cannery, Fraser river.
Protection works, ilorris Creek spawning grounds.
Weighing, washing, topping, and soldering by machinery, St. Mungo cannery,
Fraser river.
Taking the eggs from the female sockeye.
Taking the milt from the male sockeye.
Machine cutter, cannery.
Kesidence, Harrison lake hatchery.
Cooling floors, St. IMungo cannery.
List showing the capacity in millions of eggs at the British Columbia hatcheries.
Obskrvations of Lakes in the Province of Alberta; Supplementary to the Obser-
vations Made during the Premous Season.
A.S directed by the department, on my return homeward, after the close of the
exhibition, I gave my attention to certain details connected with my tour of inspec-
tion of the lakes of Alberta during the season of 1908. I have already somewhat
fully entered into a description of those lakes in my report of that year, and so have
little to add under this heading, except that the principal lakes revisited were Buffalo
lake and Beaver Kills lake, and that it was gratifying to learn through our fishery
officers that the introduction of black bass into waters of Alberta, after T had reported
favourably as to introducing them, was already proving a success.
RE^fARKS ON A ' ChECK-LiST OF THE FiSHES OF THE DOMINION OF CaNADA AND NEW-
FOUNDLAND ' IN Course of Preparation.
For a long time back I have been preparing a list of all the known fishes indigen-
ous to the waters of British North America. I can now give the number of our fishes
as somewhere embracing between five and six hundred species and have drawn up a
provisional list of them, but before hurrying into print there is much which I need
to revise and substantiate. Although the list is based upon my own jx-rsonal obsen^a-
tions and knowledge of the fi.shes, in a work of this kind much is dependent on com-
.y.r// AM/. nisTouY report 397
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 22
pilation, and it is thereiore. needful to verify or expunge eertain of the purported
records. The object of the list is to give the vernacular and technical names of the
fishes in zoological sequence, their geographical range, and the nature of their environ-
ment, whether marine, lacustrine, fluviatile, or anadromous. Some interesting things
will be brought out, such as the occurrence of the American smelt {Osmerus mordax)
in the waters of Lac des Isles, in the Gatineau district, P.Q.. some sixty miles north
of Ottawa, where I found it land-locked and dwarfed in 1!)0;3; the mention of a
specimen of the paddle fish {Pohjodon spathula) in the Fisheries museum, an ex-
ceedingly rare species for Canada, some five only having been recorded, although
abundant in waters of the middle and southern I'nited States, and which, further-
more, has only one close ally in the whole world — the Psephunts gladius of the
lioangho and Yantsekiang rivers of China; the finding for the first time for Canada
of one specimen of Ronquilus jordani near the biological station at Departure bay,
Vancouver island, which was dredged by the Rev. G. W. Taylor, the curator of the
station, and myself in the autumn of 1908; and the mention of a casual visitor of
the tarpon (Tarpon atlaniicus) in the waters of Canada, an imix)rtant fish whase
normal range extends fi-om Long island to Brazil, but of which I have not yet had
the definite record. It may be said that when a species appears once in any country
it is entitled, according to a recognized rule of zoologists, to rank among the fauna
of that country. Wliou ilic chfck-list is is.-iued it will prove valiuible in many ways.
Fisheries ^Iuseum, Ottawa.
During the fiscal year, April 1, 1900, to March 31, 1910, the museum was visited
approximately by 16,000 persons, besides schools and teaching staffs. The matter of
most importance to be mentioned in regard to the museum is that, by the authorfty
of the department, a complete series of casts of British Columbian salmonoids is
about to be prepared. This series will be very complete and will be illustrative of the
sexual peculiarities of the humpback salmon {Oncorhynclnis gorhuscha), the dog
salmon (0. Iceta), the quinnat or spring salmon {0. tschawytscha), the cohoe or silver
salmon (0. lisutch), the sockcye or blue-back salmon (0. nerla), and the steel-head
sailnion {Sahno rivularis) ; whilst the very vai-ied features of all the species of the
genus Oncorliynchus, viz. : as they are when in the sea, as they are in the rivers after
having left the sea, and as they are at their spawning grounds about two months later,
will be exhibited.
IicspcctfuDy submitted.
ANDREW IIALKETT.
Xahtn.tlifif, JJeparlment Marine and Fisheries,
22—26.'.
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